HIF-1α contributes to metastasis in choriocarcinoma by regulating DEC1 expression

Purpose To elucidate the underlying mechanism of HIF-1α in migration and invasion of choriocarcinoma. Methods Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay when cell invasion was detected by transwell assay. The protein expression was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR assay. Result HIF-1α was shown to be strongly expressed in both clinical tumour tissues and cell lines in choriocarcinoma. When HIF-1α was efficiently knocked down in JEG3 cells, the proliferation rate was reduced by approximately 50% and the number of cells that migrated through the transwell insert was greatly decreased. The cell invasion rate was also significantly reduced. Moreover, typical markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition such as E-cadherin, were increased, while vimentin and α–SMA were decreased after HIF-1α knockdown. In contrast, overexpression of DEC1 reversed the effects of HIF-1α knockdown. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were partially recovered. The level of E-cadherin was decreased, while the level of vimentin and α–SMA was increased. In addition, the level of β-catenin and LEF1 was downregulated after HIF-1α knockdown. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 also declined. However, overexpression of DEC1 after HIF-1α knockdown partially reversed the expression pattern of these molecules. Conclusion HIF-1α contributed to EMT and metastasis through activation of canonical β-catenin signalling in choriocarcinoma and this process was dependent on DEC1. This study provides a new mechanism of HIF-1α in choriocarcinoma and suggests that intervention with DEC1 might be a promising therapeutic choice for choriocarcinoma (AU)

Resveratrol inhibits TGF-B1-induced EMT in gastric cancer cells through Hippo-YAP signaling pathway

To investigate the effects of resveratrol (RSVL) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and biological behaviors of gastric cancer cells.MethodsSGC-7901 cells were treated with RSVL, followed by TGF-β1 treatment for induction of EMT. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay, migration and invasion by Transwell and scratch assays, and Hippo-YAP signaling pathway activation by immunofluorescence. The RNA and protein expressions of E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and Snail were detected by qPCR and Western blot. A tumor model was constructed to examine the effect of RSVL on gastric tumor growth.ResultsRSVL inhibited the migration, invasion, and growth of gastric cancer cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. RSVL inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT of gastric cancer cells, which might relate to inactivation of the Hippo-YAP pathway. In the mouse tumor model, RSVL inhibited the EMT process by suppressing the Hippo-YAP pathway.ConclusionRSVL inhibited EMT of gastric cancer cells probably by weakening the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. (AU)

Hiperplasia mesonéfrica difusa: a propósito de un caso / Diffuse mesonephric hyperplasia: a case report

La persistencia de restos derivados del mesonefros suele presentarse en las paredes laterales del cérvix de forma frecuente. En cambio, la evolución hacia una hiperplasia mesonéfrica o un carcinoma mesonéfrico es muy poco frecuente. Presentamos a una paciente de 50 años, intervenida de histerectomía por útero miomatoso, en cuya pieza quirúrgica se describe una hiperplasia mesonéfrica difusa. La presencia de restos procedentes del mesonefros o hiperplasia, constituyen en casi la totalidad de las ocasiones un hallazgo benigno que no precisa tratamiento. Es necesario conocer las características de este tipo de lesiones derivadas del mesonefros, para evitar tratamientos innecesarios

The persistence of mesonephric remnants is often present on the side walls of the cervix. However, the evolution towards mesonephric hyperplasia or mesonephric carcinoma is very rare. The case is presented of a 50-year-old female patient, who underwent hysterectomy for myomatous uterus, and in which surgical specimen was described a diffuse mesonephric hyperplasia. The presence of remains from mesonephros or hyperplasia is almost always a benign finding that does not require treatment. It is necessary to know the characteristics of this type of lesion derived from mesonephros, in order to avoid unnecessary treatments

Coexpresión de NG2/GFAP tras la diferenciación en células transfectadas con las mutaciones de GFAP y en células procedentes de gliomas indiferenciados / NG2 and GFAP co-expression after differentiation in cells transfected with mutant GFAP and in undifferentiated glioma cells

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Alexander es una enfermedad rara causada por mutaciones en el gen que codifica la proteína glial ácida fibrilar (GFAP). En un estudio previo hemos observado que la diferenciación de neuroesferas transfectadas con estas mutaciones genera un tipo celular que comparte la expresión de GFAP y NG2. OBJETIVOS: Determinar el efecto de las mutaciones en marcadores moleculares en comparación con células de glioma diferenciados que expresan simultáneamente GFAP y NG2. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron muestras de glioblastoma humana (GLM) y neuroesferas procedentes de rata transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP para el análisis de la expresión tras diferenciación de GFAP y NG2, así como el análisis inmunocitoquímico de diferenciación de ambos tipos celulares y detección de ambas proteínas, junto a nestina, vimentina, Olig2 y caspasa 3 a los 3 y 7 días de diferenciación. RESULTADOS: Tanto las células transfectadas con mutaciones de GFAP como las células procedentes de GLM mostraron un incremento de NG2 y GFAP. Sin embargo, la expresión de células caspasa 3 positiva era marcadamente mayor entre las células transfectadas que entre las células procedentes de GLM. CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados parecen indicar que la expresión de GFAP no es el único factor que condiciona la muerte celular en la enfermedad de Alexander y que la expresión de caspasa 3 y el potencial papel de la NG2 en incrementar la resistencia a la apoptosis en las células que coexpresan GFAP y NG2 deben ser considerados en la búsqueda de acciones terapéuticas en esta enfermedad

INTRODUCTION: Alexander disease is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In a previous study, differentiation of neurospheres transfected with these mutations resulted in a cell type that expresses both GFAP and NG2. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of molecular marker mutations in comparison to undifferentiated glioma cells simultaneously expressing GFAP and NG2. METHODS: We used samples of human glioblastoma (GBM) and rat neurospheres transfected with GFAP mutations to analyse GFAP and NG2 expression after differentiation. We also performed an immunocytochemical analysis of neuronal differentiation for both cell types and detection of GFAP, NG2, vimentin, Olig2, and aspase-3 at 3 and 7 days from differentiation. RESULTS. Both the cells transfected with GFAP mutations and GBM cells showed increased NG2 and GFAP expression. However, expression of caspase-3-positive cells was found to be considerably higher in transfected cells than in GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GFAP expression is not the only factor associated with cell death in Alexander disease. Caspase-3 expression and the potential role of NG2 in increasing resistance to apoptosis in cells co-expressing GFAP and NG2 should be considered in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the disease

Carcinoma mioepitelial de mama / Myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast

El carcinoma mioepitelial de mama (o mioepitelioma maligno) es un tumor poco frecuente compuesto exclusivamente por células mioepiteliales malignas. Su diagnóstico supone un reto, y viene dado por los hallazgos anatomopatológicos apoyados por las técnicas de inmunohistoquímica. Presentamos un caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica

Myoepithelial carcinoma of the breast (or malignant myoepithelioma) is a rare tumor composed exclusively of malignant myoepithelial cells. Its diagnosis is a challenge and is reached through pathological findings supported by immunohistochemical techniques. We present a case report and a review of the literature

Metástasis de carcinoma renal de células claras en mucosa de labio inferior / Metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma in the mucosa of the lower lip

Las metástasis en cavidad oral representan el 1% de todos los tumores malignos. El carcinoma de células renales es la tercera causa más frecuente de metástasis en la región de cabeza y cuello. La diseminación cutánea y mucosa es considerada un evento muy poco frecuente. Presentamos un caso de lesión ulcerativa de mucosa de labio inferior, interpretado clínicamente como una lesión inflamatoria o posible tumor primario en un paciente de 83 años, quien no refirió antecedentes patológicos de importancia. El examen histopatológico mostró la presencia de células claras dispuestas en nidos y playas separadas por una delicada red de vasos capilares. La inmunohistoquímica reveló marcación para CK AE1-AE3, vimentina y CD10, mientras que CK7 y CK20 resultaron negativas. Los hallazgos histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos se interpretaron como metástasis de carcinoma renal de células claras. En el diagnóstico diferencial se incluyeron todos los tumores primarios de células claras (AU)

Metastatic lesions in the oral cavity represent 1% of malignant tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common cause of metastasis to the head and neck region. Mucocutaneous dissemination is very rare. We report a case of an ulcerative lesion of the mucous membrane of the lower lip which was clinically considered to be an inflammatory lesion or a possible primary tumour in an 83-year-old patient without any significant previous medical history. The histopathological examination showed sheets and clusters of clear cells with delicate vascular channels. Immunohistochemical techniques were positive for CK AE1-AE3, Vimentin and CD10 and negative for CK7 and CK20. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were associated with metastatic clear cell RCC. All clear cell primary tumors were included in the differential diagnosis (AU)

La expresión de microARN-133 inhibe la transición epitelio-mesenquimatosa en las células del cáncer de pulmón apuntando directamente al FOXQ1 / Expression of microRNA-133 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells by directly targeting FOXQ1

Introducción: El microARN (miR) se ha relacionado con la génesis tumoral en muchos tipos de cáncer, pero ningún estudio ha examinado el rol exacto del miR-133 en el cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Identificamos el miR-133 como posible regulador de la expresión de la FOXQ1 e investigamos la posible implicación del miR-133 en la migración y la invasión de células de cáncer de pulmón, y el mecanismo molecular subyacente. Resultados: El miR-133 se dirigió directamente y redujo la expresión de la FOXQ1, que a su vez redujo la concentración de TGF-β. El miR-133 disminuyó en líneas celulares de cáncer de pulmón A549 y HCC827, y su reexpresión inhibió significativamente la migración y la invasión de células de cáncer de pulmón. Investigaciones subsiguientes revelaron que dicha inhibición estaba provocada por una inversión de la transición epitelio-mesenquimatosa, constatada por una elevación del marcador epitelial E-cadherina inducida por el miR-133 y una reducción del marcador vimentina. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio es el primero que ha identificado el miR-133 como biomarcador del cáncer de pulmón. Su función es reducir la FOXQ1 e inhibir la transición epitelio-mesenquimatosa, la cual antagoniza la génesis tumoral en el cáncer de pulmón. Por consiguiente, nuestros datos respaldan el papel del miR-133 como posible instrumento terapéutico molecular en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón

Introduction: MicroRNA (miR) was implicated in the tumorigenesis of many types of cancer, but no study was conducted on the exact role of miR-133 in lung cancer. Methods: We have identified miR-133 as a putative regulator of FOXQ1 expression, and investigated the potential involvement of miR-133 in the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. Results: MiR-133 directly targeted and down-regulated FOXQ1 expression, which in turn reduced TGF-β level. MiR-133 was down-regulated in lung cancer cell lines A549 and HCC827, and its re-expression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of the lung cancer cells. Further investigation revealed that this inhibition was caused by reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, evidenced by miR-133 induced elevation of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and reduction of mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Conclusions: Our study is the first to identify miR-133 as a biomarker for lung cancer. It functions to down-regulate FOXQ1, and inhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition, which antagonizes lung cancer tumorigenesis. Therefore our data support the role of miR-133 as a potential molecular therapeutic tool in treating lung cancer

Carcinoma renal de células claras metastatizado por carcinoma ductal de mama / Clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasized by a breast ductal carcinoma

OBJETIVO: Comunicar un caso de carcinoma renal de células claras receptor de metástasis provenientes de un carcinoma ductal de mama. Metástasis de tumor a tumor. MÉTODOS: Una mujer de 71 años con historia de un carcinoma de mama, diagnosticado y tratado 12 años antes, fue nefrectomizada por el hallazgo de una masa renal en una revisión rutinaria. RESULTADOS: El examen histológico mostró focos de carcinoma ductal de mama en un típico carcinoma de células claras renal. El estudio inmunohistoquímico confirmó la metástasis de un carcinoma mamario (positivo a GATA 3, receptores hormonales y mamaglobina) en un carcinoma renal de células claras (positivo a PAX 8, CD10 y a vimentina). CONCLUSIONES: Los urólogos deben tener presente este fenómeno al encontrar una masa renal en pacientes con historia previa de un proceso maligno. También los patólogos deben estar alerta en estas situaciones, principalmente si encuentran un tumor renal con una morfología dimórfica o rara. La inmunohistoquímica juega un papel fundamental para establecer el diagnóstico exacto

OBJECTIVE: To report a clear cell renal cell carcinoma recipient of a metastasizing ductal carcinoma of the breast: A tumor-to-tumor metastasis. METHODS: A 71 year-old woman with a past history of breast carcinoma, diagnosed 12 years before, underwent a nephrectomy for an incidental kidney mass found in a routine imaging examination. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed foci of ductal carcinoma of the breast in an otherwise typical clear cell renal cell carcinoma of the kidney. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed a metastasis of an infiltrating breast carcinoma to a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (positive to GATA3, hormonal receptors and mamoglobin) in a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (positive to PAX8, CD10 and vimentin). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of this phenomenon should always be kept in mind by urologist in patients with a known history of a previous malignancy and by pathologists when finding a renal tumor with an unusual or dimorphic morphology. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role to establish the exact diagnosis

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma arising in actinic keratoacanthoma: Two cases with E-cadherin expression supporting a potentially different prognosis / Carcinoma de células escamosas acantolítico originado en queratoacantoma actínico: dos casos con expresión de E-cadherina indicando un pronóstico diferente

Among crateriform squamous proliferation, keratoacanthoma is considered as a squamous cell carcinoma or as a non-malignant, self-healing lesion that frequently becomes malignant. To date, published cases of neoplasms originating from keratoacanthoma are always conventional squamous cell carcinomas. Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma arising in keratoacanthomas has not been previously reported. We present two crater-shaped nodular lesions on the face of elderly patients with clinical and histopathological features of keratoacanthoma with transformation areas to acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma. In the immunohistochemical study, Ki-67 and p63 immunostaining supports the diagnosis of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma ex-keratoacanthoma. We suggest that E-cadherin expression and vimentin negativity could probably be related with less aggressive behaviour and a better prognosis (AU)

Dentro de las proliferaciones escamosas crateriformes, el queratoacantoma se considera como un carcinoma escamoso o como una lesión benigna autocurativa que frecuentemente se vuelve maligna. Las neoplasias descritas que se originan del queratoacantoma son siempre carcinomas escamosos convencionales. Carcinomas escamosos acantolíticos originados en queratoacantomas no se han descrito en la literatura. Presentamos 2 nódulos crateriformes en la cara de ancianos con características clínicas e histopatológicas de queratoacantoma con áreas de transformación a carcinoma escamoso acantolítico. En el estudio inmunohistoquímico, la expresión de Ki-67 y p63 apoya el diagnóstico de carcinoma escamoso acantolítico ex-queratoacantoma. Nosotros hipotetizamos que la expresión de E-cadherina y la negatividad de vimentina están probablemente relacionadas con menor agresividad y excelente pronóstico en estos pacientes (AU)

Distribution of ki-67, alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin in the reticulum and omasum of Baladi goat

Seven Baladi goats of both sexes (9 to 24 months old) were used to describe the distribution pattern of ki-67, alpha smooth muscle actin (áSMA) and vimentin (VIM) in the reticulum and omasum. This study was carried out using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method. Ki-67 immunostaining was restricted to the basal cells layer in the epithelia of both the reticulum and omasum, suggesting the importance of ki-67 in epithelial cells proliferation and keratin biosynthesis. Immunostaining for áSMA was detected in smooth muscle cells in reticular folds, omasal lamiae and muscularis in both the reticulum and omasum, indicating the critical role of áSMA in muscular motility. The widespread distribution of VIM immunostainings in epithelia, fibroblasts in lamina propria and submucosa, and endothelia of blood vessels supports the importance of VIM as an intermediate filament protein. Detection of VIM in glial cells of enteric plexuses indicates its supportive role in the nervous control of both reticulum and omasum. Overall, this immunohistochemical study revealed non-significant differences in the expression of ki-67, áSMA, and VIM between the reticulum and omasum. This study thus verifies the important roles of ki-67, áSMA and VIM in the structure and function of the reticulum and omasum of Baladi goats

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Leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon: a rare tumor with poor prognosis

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Ependimoma mixopapilar de partes blandas: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Soft tissue myxopapillary ependymoma: case report and review of the literature

El ependimoma mixopapilar de partes blandas es una neoplasia extremadamente infrecuente que se encuentra englobada dentro de los tumores ependimarios. Comunicamos el caso de un ependimoma mixopapilar de partes blandas en la región sacrococcígea en un varón de 18 años. El examen macroscópico de la pieza quirúrgica reveló la presencia de una lesión nodular bien delimitada de 8,3 cm de diámetro. Histológicamente se trataba de una proliferación tumoral de hábito epitelioide con papilas centradas por estructuras vasculares en ocasiones hialinizadas. Inmunohistoquímicamente demostró positividad para PGFA, S100, focalmente para vimentina y negatividad para CKAE1/AE3. Presentamos una revisión de la literatura y una discusión del diagnóstico diferencial (AU)

Soft tissue myxopapillary ependymoma is an extremely rare neoplasm classified as an ependymary tumour. We report a case of a soft tissue myxopapillary ependymoma in the sacrococcygeal region of an 18 year-old male. Macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed an 8.3 cm well-circumscribed nodular lesion. Histologically, it was seen to be a neoplastic epithelioid-like proliferation with papillae arranged around vascular structures, with occasional hyalinization. Immunohistochemistry revealed S100, GFAP and focal vimentin immunostaining but no CKAE1/AE3 expression. The differential diagnosis is discussed together with a review of the literature (AU)

Expression of vimentin and survivin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlation with p53

Purpose. This study focuses on investigating the expression correlation of vimentin, survivin and p53 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the clinical significance. Methods. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the vimentin, survivin and p53 were determined in ccRCC and adjacent normal renal tissues, using quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We detected the expression and localization of vimentin, survivin and p53 protein in ccRCC by immunohistochemistrical SP method and analyzed the relationships among clinical pathologic parameters and patient prognosis. Results. The expression of vimentin and survivin was significantly increased in ccRCC compared with adjacent normal renal tissues, which were positively correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage (P < 0.05). p53 was highly expressed in ccRCC compared with normal tissues (P < 0.05), which was not positively correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage (P > 0.05). Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that high expression levels of vimentin and survivin were independent prognostic indicators for ccRCC. The levels of vimentin and survivin were positively correlated in ccRCC (r = 0.428, P < 0.01). Conclusions. Reliable basis about biological behavior and prognosis judgments of ccRCC can be provided by combining detection of vimentin and survivin. Foundation and new ideas for gene therapy of ccRCC may be provided by further studying the relationship among vimentin, survivin and p53 in ccRCC (AU)

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Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans metastásico: una causa poco frecuente de masa pulmonar / No disponible

El dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) es una neoplasia de partes blandas de malignidad intermedia localizada inicialmente en la piel, desde donde invade tejidos más profundos. Clínicamente se caracteriza por su presentación como un nódulo o placa indurada en tronco o extremidades. El tratamiento inicial es la extirpación quirúrgica local, siendo el factor de mal pronóstico más reconocido una extirpación quirúrgica inadecuada. Hay pocos casos de metástasis descritos en la literatura siendo la localización pulmonar la más frecuente. El estudio inmunohistoquímico se caracteriza por la expresión de vimentina y CD34, y el estudio genético-molecular por la presencia de translocación de cromosomas 17 y 22. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación quirúrgica completa, seguida de radioterapia y quimioterapia en los casos avanzados. Por tanto, aunque las metástasis son extremadamente raras, la presencia de una masa pulmonar debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de un paciente con antecedentes de un DFSP

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a neoplasm of soft tissue of intermediate malignancy, initially localized in the skin developing in the deep layers of skin. Clinically it is characterized by its presentation as a nodule or indurated plaque on the trunk and proximal extremities.Initial treatment is local surgical excision, and an inadequate surgical removal is themayor risk for recurrence. There are few reports of metastases described in the literature; the lung is the most common site of metastasis. Immunohistochemical study is characterized by the expression of vimentin and CD34, and by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t(17;22). The treatment is a complete surgical excision, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy in advanced cases. Therefore, although metastases are extremely rare, the presence of a lung mass should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a history of DFSP

Condroma intracraneal: un caso de muerte súbita / Intracranial chondroma and sudden death: a case report

Las muertes súbitas por tumores intracraneales primarios no diagnosticados en vida son excepcionales. Presentamos un caso de muerte súbita en un adulto joven, sin antecedentes relevantes de interés, en el que la autopsia evidencia como causa de muerte un condroma intracraneal. De acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica realizada en todos los casos publicados se había efectuado un diagnóstico en vida, por lo que es excepcional que este tumor debute con una muerte súbita. El condroma intracraneal es un tumor benigno, poco frecuente y con características histopatológicas y radiológicas bien definidas. El tratamiento de elección es la resección completa y el pronóstico a largo plazo es bueno. Este caso demuestra que a todas las personas jóvenes que fallecen de forma súbita e inesperada se les debería practicar una necropsia a fin de agotar todos los medios diagnósticos para averiguar la causa de la muerte(AU)

Sudden deaths due to primary intracranial tumours undiagnosed during life are rare. We present a case of sudden death in a young adult with no clinical history of interest. The forensic autopsy discovered that the cause of death was an intracranial chondroma. According to the literature, intracranial chondromas are usually diagnosed in life, so the onset of this tumour as sudden death is exceptional. Intracranial chondroma is a rare benign tumour. Histopathological and radiological characteristics are well defined. The treatment of choice is complete resection, and the long-term prognosis is good. This case shows that it would be convenient to perform an autopsy of all unexpected sudden deaths in young people, in order to determine the cause of death(AU)

Carcinosarcoma de cérvix asociado a teratoma quístico maduro de ovario / Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix associated with an ovarian mature cystic teratoma

Presentamos un caso de carcinosarcoma de cérvix asociado a un teratoma quístico maduro de ovario, en una mujer de 55 años con diabetes, HTA y depresión. Consultó por metrorragia y tumoración pélvica. Se practicó histerectomía total, doble anexectomía y linfadenectomía. Recibió radioterapia (RT), 45Gy, y quimioterapia, 3 ciclos de (..) (AU)

We present a case of carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix associated with an ovarian mature cystic teratoma in a 55-year-old woman with diabetes, hypertension and depression. The patient presented with metrorrhagia and a pelvic tumor. Total hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed. The patient received 45Gy radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, with three cycles of cisplatin but developed pelvic recurrence and was transferred for palliative (..) (AU)

Myofibroma of the oral cavity. A rare spindle cell neoplasm

Myofibroma is an un common spindle cell neoplasm rarely found in oral cavity. Typically, this lesion is seen inneonates and infants with few cases reported in adults patients. In the oral cavity, myofibroma occurs within the submucosal or intramuscular tissue and has a predilection by the tongue, buccal mucosa and lips. Microscopically, a typical biphasic pattern can be observed. Misdiagnosis included benign and malignant spindle cell lesions of nerve tissue or smooth muscle origin, such as neurofibroma, leiomyoma and sarcomas. Thus, immunohistochemical staining is a useful tool to identify the nature of neoplastic cells and to reach an accurate diagnosis. An immunohistochemical panel consisting of antibodies to vimentin, SMA, HHF-35, S-100p and desmin must be achieved.In most cases, positivity for vimentin, SMA and HHF-25 can be observed. Our report describes a solitary myofibroma of the tongue of a 23-year-old man with emphasis in clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of this lesion (AU)

Masa intraabdominal de difícil diagnóstico: tumor fibroso peritoneal solitario / Intraabdominal mass with difficult diagnosis: Solitary fibrous tumor

El tumor fibroso solitario es un tumor raro de origen mesenquimal, de localización preferentemente en la pleura y las meninges, y menos frecuentemente se diagnostica como masa asintomática peritoneal hepática, en el páncreas o renal. Los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos no son específicos, aunque nos permiten sospechar una evolución maligna por invasión o metástasis. Sin embargo, la citología preoperatoria suele ser de resultado dudoso o equívoco. Por tanto, el diagnóstico definitivo se logra tras la resección quirúrgica y el estudio mediante inmunohistoquímica con marcadores tales como CD34, vimentina y desmina. Presentamos un caso de tumor fibroso solitario de difícil diagnóstico, incluso tras una extensa serie de pruebas de imagen (AU)

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. The most commonly reported locations are the pleura and meninges. Less frequently, SFT manifests as an asymptomatic mass in the pancreas, liver, peritoneum or kidney. Clinical and radiological findings have failed to provide any specific diagnostic pattern but allow malignant development to be suspected due to infiltration or metastasis. In addition, preoperative cytology often yields inconclusive or misleading results. Therefore the definitive diagnosis is achieved after both surgical resection and immunohistochemical analysis, with markers such as CD34, vimentin and desmin. We present a case of SFT, which was difficult to diagnose, even after an extensive battery of tests based on imaging techniques (AU)

Glioma cordoide del III ventrículo: descripción de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura / Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle: case report and literature review

El glioma cordoide del tercer ventrículo es un tumorcerebral poco frecuente, de reciente descripción, localizadoen la región hipotalámica - III ventrículo. Hasta la fecha, tansólo hay 56 casos publicados desde que se describiera porprimera vez en 1998 por Brat y cols. Histológicamente, eltumor está compuesto por células poligonales dispuestas ennidos o cordones, inmersas en una matriz mucoide con unintenso infiltrado inflamatorio linfoplasmocitario. Las célulasneoplásicas coexpresan característicamente marcadoresinmunohistoquímicos de Proteína Ácida Gliofibrilar(PAGF), Citoqueratinas, Vimentina y CD-34. A nivel ultraestructuralmuestra características de diferenciación ependimariay recientemente también se han identificado alteracionesgenéticas características distintas a las de los gliomas. Laextirpación tumoral fue incompleta tras un abordaje anterior.Nosotros describimos un nuevo caso de este tumor en unvarón de 26 años y revisamos la literatura(AU)

Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle is an infrecuentbrain tumor, located the third ventricle-hypothalamicregion. Described for the first time by Brat in 1998, only 56cases have been described in the literature. Histologically,the tumor consisted of polygonal epithelioid cells embeddedin a mucinous matrix with a prominent lymphoplasmacyticinfiltrate. The tumor cells expressed Glial Fibrillary AcidicProtein (GFAP), Cytokeratins, Vimentin and CD-34. Thisneoplasm exhibits features of ependymal differentiation onultrastructural examination. Another authors also suggest adistinct genetic origin from other gliomas with specificmolecular characterization. An incomplete resection wasperformed via an anterior approach. A case in a 26 years oldman is reported and a review of the literature is included(AU)

Fibroxantoma atípico pigmentado o hemosiderótico / Pigmented or Hemosiderotic Atypical Fibroxanthoma

El fibroxantoma atípico pigmentado es una variante rara de fibroxantoma atípico caracterizada por áreas extensas de hemorragia, eritrofagocitosis y depósitos de hemosiderina en el citoplasma de las células neoplásicas. Afecta a pacientes de edad avanzada, y se manifiesta como nódulos cupuliformes o placas pigmentadas, de coloración heterogénea, en áreas de piel fotoexpuesta. Se presenta un caso de fibroxantoma atípico pigmentado de localización malar en un varón de 81 años de edad. Seis años después de la extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión, el paciente permanece en remisión completa, sin que se aprecien signos clínicos de persistencia tumoral o metástasis. Se revisan los 9 casos de fibroxantoma atípico pigmentado publicados en la literatura y se discuten las características histopatológicas y el diagnóstico diferencial de esta rara entidad (AU)

Pigmented atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare variant of atypical fibroxanthoma and is characterized by extensive areas of hemorrhage, erythrophagocytosis, and hemosiderin accumulation in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. It affects elderly individuals and presents as irregularly pigmented, dome-shaped nodules or plaques on areas of skin exposed to the sun. We present a case of pigmented atypical fibroxanthoma on the cheek of an 81-year-old man. Six years after excision of the lesion, the patient remains in complete remission, with no signs of residual tumor or metastasis. The 9 cases of pigmented atypical fibroxanthoma reported in the literature are reviewed, and the histopathological features and differential diagnosis are discussed (AU)