The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang

Based on preliminary studies, it is known that 80% of working mothers fail to make exclusive breastfeeding, on average babies are given formula milk 2-4 months old and stop breastfeeding at 6-18 months of age. Papaya leaves are one of the galactagogues that contain quercetin which can activate the hormone prolactin and help increase breastmilk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work toward increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. The research design used was a pre-experimental model with one group pretest-posttest design. Samples taken as many as 10 mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months who have difficulty in breastfeeding because the amount of breastmilk was a little. The study was conducted in several clinics in Tangerang. The intervention was giving papaya leaf juice for 7 consecutive days. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 90% of mothers aged between 20 and 35 years, 70% of mothers have a history of spontaneous labor and have no complications at the time of delivery, 40% of mother's education is junior high school (SMP), and 70% of mothers are primiparas. The average increase in the amount of prolactin after the intervention was 19.59ng/ml, while the average weight gain of the newborn after the intervention was 165g. Wilcoxon test results for increased levels of the hormone prolactin p-value of 0.047<0.05 and for an increase in body weight of newborns p-value of 0.009<0.05. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work on increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. Papaya leaf juice can be a galactagogue for mothers who experience problems with a small amount of breastmilk

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Galactorrea grave tras aumento mamario con implantes / Severe galactorrhea after mammary augmentation with implants

La galactorrea es una complicación poco frecuente después de la cirugía plástica mamaria. Su causa aun es desconocida, aunque lo más probable es que su aparición tenga un origen multifactorial. En el caso que presentamos la paciente desarrolló incremento simétrico del volumen de ambas mamas después de un cirugía de aumento mamario. No se detectaron cambios en los valores de prolactina. El proceso no respondió al tratamiento con bromocriptina. La galactorrea postquirúrgica con frecuencia sigue un curso benigno y autolimitado, culminando con resolución espontánea. Dependiendo de la severidad de los síntomas, su tratamiento puede ser médico y/o quirúrgico, con drenaje o incluso retirada de los implantes mamarios (AU)

Galactorrhea is a complication rarely observed after mammary plastic surgery. The cause remains unknown although it's likely to be multifactorial. In the reported case, the patient described symmetric massive engorgement of both breasts after augmentation mammoplasty. No significant change was detected in the postoperative prolactin values. The condition was unresponsive to treatment with bromocriptine. Postsurgical galactorrhea often follows a benign course culminating in spontaneous resolution Depending on symptom severity, treatment may be medical with the prescription of dopaminergic agonists, and/or surgical with drainage or even removal of the mammary implants (AU)

Macroadenoma de hipófisis descubierto incidentalmente. Indicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico a propósito de dos casos / Incidentally discovered pituitary macroadenoma. Neurosurgical treatment indications illutrated by two cases

Los macroadenomas hipofisarios (de diámetro superior a 10 mm) son poco frecuentes como hallazgos casuales, y su manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico no está bien definido. Los criterios más habituales para el tratamiento neuroquirúrgico son la afectación del campo visual, la hipersecreción de hormonas distintas a la prolactina, la constatación de crecimiento, o la apoplejía no silente. Presentamos dos casos en los que la indicación de cirugía se estableció en función de la edad -joven- de la paciente (caso número uno) y de la afectación del eje gonadal en un varón no subsidiario de tratamiento androgénico (caso número dos). Se discute el beneficio de incluir tales indicaciones quirúrgicas en el protocolo de evaluación de estas lesiones (AU)

Pituitary macroadenomas (more than 10 mm in diameter) are infrequent as casual findings and optimal management strategy for these tumours has not been established. Neurosurgical approach must be always considered in patients with visual field defects or with hormone-secreting adenomas (but prolactinoma), and in those with evidence of lesion's growth or if clinical pituitary apoplexy occurs. We present two cases in which surgical indication was based on patient's young age (case number one), and on hypogonadal status, in a male patient not suitable of androgen substitution (case number two). We also discuss the benefits of including such unusual indications for neurosurgical treatment into the incidentally discovered pituitary macroadenomas evaluation strategy (AU)