Orosomucoid, an acute response protein with multiple modulating activities

Orosomucoid (ORM), or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), is one of the acute-phase proteins. It has a molecular weight of 37–54 kDa, low pI of 2.8–3.8, and is heavily glycosylated (45 %). It is mainly synthesized by the liver, but many extrahepatic tissues have also been reported to produce ORM under myriad physiological and pathological conditions. Expression of the ORM gene is mainly controlled by a combination of the major regulatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids, interleukin (IL)-1, TNF-alfa, and IL-6. ORM has many activities including, but not limited to, acting as an acute-phase reactant and disease marker, modulating immunity, binding and carrying drugs, maintaining the barrier function of capillary, and mediating the sphingolipid metabolism. Its related receptor has been preliminarily explored in macrophages, neutrophils, and liver parenchymal cells, involving the membrane receptor CCR5, Siglect-5, and HBB, respectively. Additional activities of ORM such as regulating metabolism are currently being explored. Because of its regulation in liver diseases, cancer, and HIV, future ORM research is warranted

Evaluación del efecto de la ingesta de una alta carga de ácidos grasos saturados sobre los niveles séricos de la proteína C reactiva, alfa1-antitripsina, fibrinógeno y alfa1-glicoproteína ácida en mujeres obesas / Effect of a high saturated fatty acids load on serum concentrations of c-reactive protein, alfa1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen and alfa1-acid glycoprotein in obese women

La obesidad está asociada con un estado inflamatorio. La proteína C reactiva (PCR) y las proteínas plasmáticas sensibles a inflamación (ISPs) son marcadores de inflamación. El proceso proinflamatorio podría ser influenciado por la ingesta de altas cantidades de ácidos grasos saturados. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de una alta carga de ácidos grasos saturados sobre los niveles séricos de PCR y de ISPs (a1-antitripsina, a1-glicoproteína ácida y fibrinógeno) en mujeres obesas. Metodología: la población estuvo conformada por 15 mujeres obesas (edad = 31,7 ± 4,5 años, IMC = 37,9 ± 7,3 kg/m2) y 15 mujeres normopeso (edad = 30,6 ± 4,6 años, IMC = 20,6 ± 2,6 kg/m2). Los sujetos en ayuno se sometieron a la ingesta de 75 g de grasa (100% ácidos grasos saturados, 0% de colesterol), 5 g de carbohidratos y 6 g de proteína por m2 de superficie corporal. Se midió los niveles en ayuno y postprandiales de PCR y de ISPs. Los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos se midieron en ambos grupos. Resultados: las mujeres obesas presentaron mayores niveles séricos de PCR (p = 0,013) y de fibrinógeno (p = 0,04) que las mujeres normopeso. Los niveles séricos de PCR y fibrinógeno se correlacionaron positivamente con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en el grupo obeso. No se observó diferencias en los niveles de a1-antitripsina (p = 0,40) ni de a1-glicoproteína ácida (p = 0,28) en ayuno en mujeres obesas en comparación con mujeres normopeso. Los niveles séricos de PCR, a1-antitripsina, a1-glicoproteína ácida y fibrinógeno no cambiaron luego de la ingestión de la cargalipídica (p = > 0,05 diferencia con el nivel preprandial). Conclusión: la ingesta de una alta carga de ácidos grasos saturados no tiene ningún efecto sobre los niveles séricos de PCR, a1-antitripsina, a1-glicoproteína ácida y fibrinógeno. Los niveles séricos de a1-antitripsina y a1-glicoproteína ácida no están incrementados en mujeres obesas. Los niveles séricos de PCR y fibrinógeno están incrementados en mujeres obesas y se correlacionan positivamente con el IMC (AU)

Obesity is associated with increased inflammation. Creactive protein (CRP) and inflammation-sensitive plasma protein (ISPs) are inflammatory markers. Proinflammatory process may be influenced by high saturated fatty acid intake. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of saturated fatty acids load on postprandial circulating levels of PCR and ISPs (a1-antitrypsin, a1-acid glucoprotein, and fibrinogen) in obese women. Design: A total of 15 obese women (age = 31,7 ± 4,5 years, BMI = 37,9 ± 7,3 kg/m2) and 15 lean controls women (age = 30,6 ± 4,6 years, BMI = 20,6 ± 2,6 kg/m2) were recruited for this study. After and overnight fast subjects ate the fat load consisted of 75 g of fat (100% saturated fatty acid, 0% cholesterol), 5 g of carbohydrates, and 6 g of protein per m2 body surface area. Postprandial serum levels of CRP, a1-antitrypsin, a1-acid glucoprotein, and fibrinogen were measured. Anthropometry and blood biochemical parameters were measured in both groups. Results: The obese women had fasting serum PCR levels higher (p = 0,013) and fibrinogen (p = 0,04) than those of control women. Serum CRP and fibrinogen levels was positively related to body mass index (BMI) in obese group. There weren't differences in fasting serum a1- antitrypsin levels (p = 0,40), and a1-acid glucoprotein (p = 0,28) levels in obese group in comparison to lean control group. Serum CRP, a1-antitrypsin, a1-acid glucoprotein, and fibrinogen did not change postprandially (p = > 0,05 difference to fasting levels). Conclusion: A high-saturated fatty acids load is not associated with serum CRP, a1-antitrypsin, a1-acid glucoprotein, and fibrinogen levels increase. Serum a1-antitripsin and a1-acid glucoprotein levels are not increased in obese women. Serum PCR and fibrinogen levels are increased in obese women, and are positively related to BMI (AU)

La reacción de fase aguda en la trombocitemia esencial y en las trombocitosis reactivas / Acute Phase reactants in essential Thrombocythaemia and reactive thrombocytosis

Objetivos.- Estudiar la reacción biológica proteica (alfa 1- glicoproteína ácida, alfa 1- antitripsina, haptoglobina y PCR) en la trombocitemia esencial y en las trombocitosis reactivas. Material y métodos.- Se estudiaron 50 pacientes con recuento plaquetario mayor de 600 por 10g/l. Como criterio diagnóstico de la trombocitemia esencial se usó el del Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Las trombocitosis reactivas se definieron ante la ausencia del síndrome mieloproliferativo crónico y la existencia de otras causas de trombocitosis secundaria (infección, neoplasia, deficiencia de hierro). El recuento plaquetario se realizó en un contador automático de células; los reactantes de fase aguda se cuantificaron por inmunodifusión radial de Mancini, usando placas NOR- Partigen y LC – Partigen. Resultados.- De los 50 pacientes 25 tenían trombocitemia esencial (13 hombres y 12 mujeres) y 25 trombocitosis reactiva (10 hombres y 15 mujeres). Secundarias a infección (5 casos), neoplasia (8 casos), deficiencia férrica (8 casos), posthermorrágica (3 casos) y postesplenectomía (1 caso). La concentración sérica de reactantes de fase aguda estaba más elevada en las trombocitosis reactivas que en la trombocitemia esencial (p<0.01). Conclusiones.- En las trombocitosis reactivas –alfa 1- glicoproteína ácida, alfa 1 – antitripsina, haptoglobina y PCR – estaban significativamente más elevada que en la trombocitemia esencial. El estudio de los reactantes de fase aguda es un test simple, barato y rentable para usarlo en el diagnóstico diferencial entre la trombocitemia esencial y las trombocitosis reactivas

Aim.- To study the proteic biological reactants : alpha 1- AGP, alpha 1- AT, Hp and CRP. Matherial and method. A total of 50 patients with platelet count of > 600 for 10 g/l. Polycythemia Vera Study Group criteria were used in the diagnosis of essential thrombocitemia. Reactive thrombocytosis was defined when there was no history of chronic myeloproliferative syndrome but did other causes of secondary thrombocytosis (infection, neoplasia, iron – deficiency). Platelet count were obtained by automated cell counter. Acute phase reactants were quantified by radial immunodiffusion, according to Mancini et al, using NOR – Partigen an LC – Partigen plates. Results.- Of 50 patients, 25 had essential thrombocythemia (13 males and 12 females) and 25 has reactive thrombocytosis (10 males and 15 females), infection in 5 cases, neoplasia in 8 cases, iron deficiency in 8 cases, posthaemorrage in 3 cases and postesplenectomy in 1 case). The serum concentration of the acute- phase reactants were found to be more elevated in reactive thrombocytosis than in essential thrombocythaemia (p<0.01). Conclusion.- In reactive thrombocytosis (alpha 1- AGP, alpha 1 – AT, Hp and CRP) were found to be significantly elevated compared with patients with essential thrombocythaemia. The study of acute- phase reactants is a simple, inexpensive, profitable and useful test in differential diagnosis between essential thrombocythaemia and reactive thrombocythosis