The stromal immunoexpression of CLIC4 may be related to the difference in the biological behavior between oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral verrucous carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates while oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC), an uncommon variant of OSCC, exhibits a distinct biological behavior. CLIC4 protein plays a role in the cell cycle and apoptosis regulation and participates in the myofibroblasts transdifferentiation process, which are the main cells of the tumor stroma. This study analyzed the immunoexpression of CLIC4 and α-SMA in 20 OSCC cases and 15 OVC cases. Material and methods: A semiquantitative analysis of CLIC4 and α-SMA immunoexpression was performed in the parenchyma and stroma. Nuclear and cytoplasmic reactivity was analyzed separately for the CLIC4 immunostaining. The data were submitted to Pearson's chi-square and Spearman's correlation tests (p ≤ 0.05). Results: In the CLIC4 analysis, there was a significant difference in the immunoexpression of this protein between OSCC and OVC stroma (p < 0.001). It was observed a higher expression of α-SMA in the OSCC stroma. There was a positive and significant correlation between CLIC4 and α-SMA immunoexpression in the OVC stroma (r = 0,612; p = 0,015). Conclusions: The decrease or absence of nuclear CLIC4 immunoexpression in the neoplastic epithelial cells and the increase of its expression in the stroma may influence the difference in biological behavior between OSCC and OVC. (AU)

CLIC1 knockout inhibits invasion and migration of gastric cancer by upregulating AMOT-p130 expression

Purpose To explore the regulatory relationship between Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) and Angiomotin (AMOT)-p130, and reveal the role of AMOT-p130 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of CLIC1 and AMOT-p130 in GC tissues and adjacent tissues. The expression of AMOT-p130 upon CLIC1 silencing was analyzed using RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence in GC cells. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to detect migration and invasion in GC cells. The changes in EMT-related proteins were detected using western blot. Results Our study found that high CLIC1 expression was significantly associated with low AMOT-p130 expression in GC tissues. Silencing CLIC1 expression in MGC-803 cells (MGC-803 CLIC1 KO) and AGS cells (AGS CLIC1 KO) decreased the invasive and migratory abilities of tumor cells, which were induced by the upregulation of AMOT-p130. Subsequently, we demonstrated that AMOT-p130 inhibits the invasive and migratory abilities of GC cells by inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Conclusions Our study suggests that AMOT-p130 could inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition in GC cells. CLIC1 may participate in the metastatic progression of GC by downregulating the expression of AMOT-p130 (AU)

Expression of anoctamin 1 is associated with advanced tumor stage in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and predicts recurrence after surgery

Purpose. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a recently identified calcium-activated chloride channel, has been found to have a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in several types of cancer. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the utility of ANO1 as a prognostic marker. Patients and methods. ANO1 expression was detected in tumor tissues and paraneoplastic tissues of I-IV stage NSCLC patients who received surgical treatment by using immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Then the TNM stage of the tumor samples was assessed and patients were followed up for developing recurrence. Results. ANO1 expression was significantly increased in NSCLC tumor tissues compared to the paraneoplastic tissues at both RNA and protein level. In addition, ANO1 overexpression was correlated with the high expression of EGFR and led to an advanced tumor stage. And also high ANO1 expression was significantly correlated with high recurrence rate at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions. ANO1 overexpression associated with the high expression of EGFR can be a predictive marker of recurrence after surgery in NSCLC patients (AU)

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ANO1 as a marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma and silencing ANO1 suppresses migration of human SCC-25 cells

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to confirm that ANO1 correlates with occurrence and metastasis of OSCC. Study DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ANO1 in 160 specimens of OSCC and normal tissues. Lentiviral silencing ANO1 was used in scc-25 cell line to study the cell migration and cell detachment. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining revealed that ANO1 was expressed in a large majority (132 out of 160, 82.5%) of OSCC specimens and that the rate of ANO1 expression in OSCC was significantly higher than that of normal tissue (P<0.05); The rate of ANO1 expression was higher in metastatic tumors than in non-metastatic tumors, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The results of cell migration assay showed that the percentage of cells through the membrane was 26.61 ±0.81 in assay group, and 54.26 ±3.74 in control group, respectively (t = -16.22 ,P<0.0001). The results of cell detachment assay showed that the percentage of cells detachment was 37.42 ±0.90 in assay group, and 87.38 ±1.59 in control group, respectively (t=-62.34, P<0.0001). The results of wound healing assay showed the assay group had a reduced migration rate compared with the control group in 32 h (F=1038.78, P<0.0001). Wound closure was no significantly different between the assay and control cells when DIDS was used in wound healing assay (F=4.61,P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that abnormal expression of ANO1 correlated with the occurrence and metastasis of OSCC in clinical specimens and that silencing ANO1 greatly reduced migration ability of scc-25 cells. Calcium activated chloride channel activity of ANO1 promoted the cell migration. Thus, ANO1 could represent a new diagnostic biomarker and a potentially important therapeutic target of OSCC

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Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D is coupled to endogenous calcium-activated chloride channel in Xenopusoocytes

Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD) is expressed almost exclusively in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and the neurons located in stratum granulosum of skin. More and more evidence suggest that MrgD plays an important role in pain sensation and/or transduction. Recent studies have demonstrated that the receptor is also involved in itch sensation in both mouse and human. In the present study, we identified a robust inward current in MrgD-expressing Xenopusoocytes by using â-alanine, a putative ligand of MrgD. The currents were sensitive to inhibitor of Ca2+-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) and intracellular Ca2+ chelator, suggesting they were produced by endogenous CaCCs. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that upon the application of phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, or antisense oligonucleotides of inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the â-alanine-induced currents were dramatically depressed. However, protein kinase C inhibitor did not display any visible effect on CaCC currents. In summary, our data suggest that the activation of MrgD promotes the open of endogenous CaCCs via Gq-PLC-IP3-Ca2+ pathway. The current findings reveal the functional coupling between MrgD and CaCCs in Xenopus oocytes and also provide a facile model to assay the activity of MrgD

Introducción histórica al modelo neuropsicológico / A historical introduction to the neuropsychological model

Se realiza una somera exposición de los diferentes planteamientos y doctrinas que se han ido desarrollando a lo largo de la historia de la medicina occidental con la intención de ofrecer una visión de conjunto. El autor cree que los hechos más importantes desde el punto de vista conceptual se centran en la noción de localización cerebral de las funciones psíquicas en la obra de F. Gall; la elaboración de la noción de centros nerviosos debida a Fritsch y Hitzig que posibilitó el espléndido trabajo de D. Ferrier, verdadero creador de la neuropsicología científica; el trabajo de Klest, que supone un nuevo neogallismo en el sentido de representar un verdadero esfuerzo de localización de funciones psíquicas superiores; el trabajo fundamental de J.H. Jackson, especialmente en relación con el tema que estudiamos, sus ideas sobre los niveles de función e integración del sistema nervioso, que permitió los desarrollos posteriores, entre otros el de MacLean, cuyo concepto del sistema límbico es central en este tema; la crítica de la noción de centro nervioso que realizó W.H. Hess y la de función de A.R. Luria, necesaria para poder entender los modelos neuropsicológicos actuales, y, finalmente, el desarrollo de las ideas sobre la especialización del sistema nervioso (AU)

In this work we outline the different approaches and doctrines that have been successively developed throughout the history of western medicine with the intention of offering an overall view of the matter. The author believes that the most important facts from a conceptual point of view are centred around F. Gall’s notion of the cerebral localisation of the psychic functions; the development of the notion of nerve centres put forward by Fritsch and Hitzig, which was the foundation for the splendid work of D. Ferrier, the true father of scientific neuropsychology; the work of Klest, which gave rise to a new neogallism in the sense that it represented a real effort to locate the higher psychic functions; the fundamental work of J.H. Jackson, especially in relation to the subject we are studying, and his ideas about the levels of functioning and integration of the nervous system, which enabled later developments to be carried out, such as that of MacLean, whose concept of the limbic system is a core matter in this area. Other milestones were W.H. Hess’s critique of the notion of nerve centre and that of function by A.R. Luria, which is necessary to be able to understand the modern-day neuropsychological models, and finally the development of the ideas about the specialisation of the nervous system (AU)

Aspectos genéticos y moleculares de las enfermedades miotónicas / Molecular and genetic aspects of the myotonic conditions

Objetivo. Revisar los aspectos genéticos y moleculares de las miotonías distróficas y no distróficas. Desarrollo. Las enfermedades miotónicas son condiciones hereditarias del músculo esquelético, las cuales se pueden clasificar en dos grupos según el cuadro clínico. Al primer grupo pertenecen las miotonías distróficas, donde se encuentran las distrofias miotónicas (DM) tipo 1 y 2.Al segundo grupo pertenecen las canalopatías, que se caracterizan por presentar alteraciones de la función en los canales iónicos. La DM tipo 1, enfermedad neurodegenerativa, progresiva y discapacitante, la causa una expansión del trinucleótido CTG, cuyo tamaño muestra correlación positiva con la gravedad y negativa con la edad de manifestación. Existe evidencia suficiente para pensar que el mecanismo fisiopatológico de la enfermedad es la ganancia de función del ARN mutado. La DM tipo 2, menos grave que la tipo 1, la causa una expansión del tetranucleótido CCTG, cuyo mecanismo fisiopatológico es similar al propuesto para la tipo 1. En el segundo grupo se encuentran las canalopatías de cloruro, de herencia autosómica dominante o recesiva, causadas por una de las 60 diferentes mutaciones en el gen del canal de cloruro, y las canalopatías de sodio, grupo de tres enfermedades que se solapan clínicamente, de herencia dominante, causadas por una de las 25 diferentes mutaciones en el gen del canal de sodio. Conclusiones. Estas enfermedades son clínicamente muy variables; no obstante, su base genética se conoce; falta todavía mucha investigación para lograr entender su fisiopatología y las relaciones genotipo-fenotipo (AU)

Alteraciones identificadas en la genética molecular de los trastornos tubulares que afectan al transporte de agua y electrolitos / Molecular basis of inherited tubular disorders affecting electrolytes and water transport

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Canales iónicos y epilepsia / Ion channels and epilepsy

Objetivo. Revisar el papel de los canales iónicos dependientes de voltaje y ligados a receptores en la fisiopatología de las epilepsias y en el desarrollo de nuevos antiepilépticos. Desarrollo. Los canales de calcio dependientes de voltaje intervienen en la liberación de neurotransmisores, en la despolarización sostenida de los cambios paroxísticos de despolarización y en la génesis de las ausencias, y son el sustrato de las convulsiones tonicoclónicas generalizadas y ausencias presentes en algunos ratones. El canal de potasio dependiente de voltaje participa en la hiperpolarización que sigue a los cambios paroxísticos de despolarización, es causante del síndrome del QT largo, la epilepsia benigna neonatal, la ataxia episódica con mioquimia y es el lugar de acción de algunos antiepilépticos que activan este canal. El canal de sodio dependiente de voltaje es el lugar de acción de la mayor parte de los antiepilépticos clásicos y nuevos, así como el sustrato de la epilepsia generalizada y las convulsiones febriles plus. El canal de sodio del receptor nicotínico es el sustrato de la epilepsia nocturna del lóbulo frontal. Los canales de sodio de los receptores AMPA y KA son sustrato de la epileptogénesis y los lugares de acción de nuevos antiepilépticos anti-AMPA y anti-KA. El canal de calcio del receptor NMDA es responsable de la despolarización lenta de los cambios paroxísticos de despolarización, es sustrato de la epileptogénesis y desempeña un papel relevante en el desarrollo de nuevos antiepilépticos. El canal de cloro del receptor GABAA es responsable de la fase rápida de hiperpolarización que sigue a los cambios paroxísticos de despolarización, es sustrato de la epileptogénesis, puede serlo del síndrome de Angelman y es el lugar de acción de algunos antiepilépticos clásicos y nuevos. Conclusión. El descubrimiento del papel de los canales iónicos en las epilepsias permite diseñar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas más específicas (AU)

el laboratorio a la clínica: cftr y opciones terapéuticas para la fibrosis quística# / rom the laboratory to the clinic: CFTR and the therapeutic options for cystic fibrosis#

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria común y letal. Clínicamente, se trata de una multiexocrinopatía cuyas manifestaciones se deben a un defecto en un canal de cloro, el CFTR. Desde la identificación del gen, localizado en el cromosoma 7, y de su producto se ha logrado determinar que es un canal lineal de cloro con baja conductancia (8-10 pSiemens), que regula otros transportadores en la membrana apical del epitelio. Dos opciones terapéuticas son objeto de consideración: la terapia genética y la regulación farmacológica. Pese a la seguridad y eficacia de diferentes vectores, la transferencia al epitelio respiratorio del gen del CFTR se ha demostrado clínicamente ineficaz. Por otra parte se han encontrado sustancias como los feniltioimidazoles, los inhibidores de las tirosinkinasas o los aminoglucósidos que son capaces de activar el CFTR mutado y que son tanto una alternativa como un complemento a la terapia genética para el tratamiento primario de la FQ (AU)