La expresividad variable del síndrome de QT largo de una familia española se explica por la heterocigosis digénica en SCN5A y CACNA1C / Digenic heterozigosity in SCN5A and CACNA1C explains the variable expressivity of the long QT phenotype in a Spanish family

Introducción y objetivos: En 4 miembros de una familia española se identificó una mutación en los canales cardiacos Nav1.5 (p.R1644H) descrita ya y relacionada con el síndrome de QT largo con anterioridad. Sin embargo, solo 1 de los portadores presentaba el intervalo QT prolongado. En los otros 3 individuos se identificó una nueva mutación con cambio de sentido en los canales cardiacos Cav1.2 (p.S1961N). En este trabajo se analizaron las características funcionales de los canales p.S1961N Cav1.2 para averiguar si dicha mutación regula la expresividad del síndrome de QT largo en esta familia. Métodos: La corriente de calcio tipo L (ICaL) se registró mediante la técnica de patch-clamp en células de ovario de hámster chino transfectadas transitoriamente con los canales cardiacos humanos en su forma nativa o mutada. Resultados: La expresión de canales p.S1961N disminuye significativamente la densidad de la ICaL. Al sustituir el ion calcio por bario para suprimir la inactivación dependiente del calcio de los canales Cav1.2, se demostró que la mutación acelera significativamente la inactivación dependiente del voltaje de los canales Cav1.2 y disminuye la constante de tiempo de inactivación. Como consecuencia, la carga total que atraviesa los canales p.S1961N Cav1.2 disminuye significativamente. Los efectos que las mutaciones p.S1961N Cav1.2 y p.R1644H Nav1.5, por separado o en combinación, producen sobre las características de los potenciales de acción (PA) se simularon mediante un modelo matemático de PA ventriculares humanos. Los resultados demuestran que la mutación p.S1961N Cav1.2 abrevia la duración del PA y suprime la prolongación inducida por la mutación p.R1644H de los canales Nav1.5. Conclusiones: La mutación p.S1961N en los canales Cav1.2 disminuye la ICaL, un efecto que podría abreviar la duración de los PA ventriculares humanos. La presencia de esta mutación que disminuye la función de los canales Cav1.2 compensa funcionalmente los efectos producidos por la mutación de los canales Nav1.5 que aumenta su función y prolonga la duración de los PA

Introduction and objectives: A known long QT syndrome-related mutation in Nav1.5 cardiac channels (p.R1644H) was found in 4 members of a Spanish family but only 1 of them showed prolongation of the QT interval. In the other 3 relatives, a novel missense mutation in Cav1.2 cardiac channels was found (p.S1961N). Here, we functionally analyzed p.S1961N Cav1.2 channels to elucidate whether this mutation regulates the expressivity of the long QT syndrome phenotype in this family. Methods: L-type calcium current (ICaL) recordings were performed by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with native and/or p.S1961N Cav1.2 channels. Results: Expression of p.S1961N channels significantly decreased ICaL density. Using Ba as a charge carrier to suppress the Ca-dependent inactivation of Cav1.2 channels, we demonstrated that the mutation significantly accelerates the voltage-dependent inactivation of Cav1.2 channels decreasing the inactivation time constant. As a consequence, the total charge flowing through p.S1961N Cav1.2 channels significantly decreased. The effects of the p.S1961N Cav1.2 and p.R1644H Nav1.5 mutations alone or their combination on the action potential (AP) morphology were simulated using a validated model of the human ventricular AP. The p.S1961N Cav1.2 mutation shortens the AP duration and abrogates the prolongation induced by p.R1644H Nav1.5 channels. Conclusions: The p.S1961N mutation in Cav1.2 channels decreased the ICaL, an effect which might shorten ventricular AP. The presence of the loss-of-function Cav1.2 mutation could functionally compensate the prolonging effects produced by the Nav1.5 gain-of-function mutation

Beta1-Adrenergic blocker bisoprolol reverses down-regulated ion channels in sinoatrial node of heart failure rats

Bisoprolol, an antagonist of β1-adrenergic receptors, is effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). It has been found that HF is accompanied with dysfunction of the sinoatrial node (SAN). However, whether bisoprolol reverses the decreased SAN function in HF and how the relevant ion channels in SAN change were relatively less studied. SAN function and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of sodium channels and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel subunits were assessed in sham-operated rats, abdominal arterio-venous shunt (volume overload)-induced HF rats, and bisoprolol- treated HF rats. SAN cells of rats were isolated by laser capture microdissection. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to quantify mRNA expression of sodium channels and HCN channel subunits in SAN. Intrinsic heart rate declined and sinus node recovery time prolonged in HF rats, indicating the suppressed SAN function, which could be improved by bisoprolol treatment. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, and HCN4 mRNA expressions were reduced in SAN in HF rats compared with that in control rats. Treatment with bisoprolol could reverse both the SAN function and the Nav1.1, Nav1.6, and HCN4 mRNA expression partially. These data indicated that bisoprolol is effective in HF treatment partially due to improved SAN function by reversing the down-regulation of sodium channels (Nav1.1 and Nav1.6) and HCN channel (HCN4) subunits in SAN in failing hearts (AU)

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Síndrome de Dravet y enfermedad mitocondrial, ¿patologías comórbidas? / Dravet syndrome and mitochondrial disease, are they comorbid pathologies?

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