Neumoperitoneo por inyecciones subcutáneas. A propósito de un caso / Pneumoperitoneum by subcutaneous injections of GLP-1 analogues. A case report

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A common effect of angiotensin II and relaxin 2 on the PNT1A normal prostate epithelial cell line

The prostate gland is a part of the male reproductive tract which produces both angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin 2 (RLN2). The present study analyzes the effect of both these peptide hormones at concentration 10−8M on viability, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT1A). Improved survival in two- and three-dimensional cell cultures was noted as well as visual changes in colony size and structure in Geltrex™. Stimulatory influence on cell viability of each peptide applied single was lower than in combination. Enhanced survival of PNT1A cells appears to be associated with increased BCL2/BAX messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratio. Modulation of cell spreading and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion dynamics were also altered as an influence of tested hormone application. However, long-term Ang II and RLN2 effects may lead to an increase of normal prostate cell migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, gelatin zymography revealed that both gelatinases A and B were augmented by Ang II treatment, whereas RLN2 significantly stimulated only MMP-9 secretion. These results support the hypothesis that deregulation of locally secreted peptide hormones such as Ang II and RLN2 may take part in the development of certain cancers, including prostate cancer. Moreover, the observed ability of relaxin 2 to act as a regulator of mRNA expression levels not only LGR7 but also classic angiotensin receptors suggested that renin-angiotensin system and relaxin family peptide system are functionally linked (AU)

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Pro-hepcidina, su relación con indicadores del metabolismo del hierro y de inflamación en pacientes hemodializados tratados o no con eritropoyetina recombinante / Pro-hepcidin, its relation with indicators of iron metabolism and of inflammation in patients hemodialyzed treated or not with recombinant erythropoietin

La hepcidina, péptido antimicrobiano, cuya síntesis se encuentra regulada por el estado del hierro e inflamación, juega un importante papel en la homeostasis del hierro en pacientes hemodializados (HD). Es medida a través de la prohepcidina sérica. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles séricos de prohepcidina y su relación con ferritina sérica, proteína C reactiva (PCR) y albúmina en pacientes HD tratados o no con eritropoyetina recombinante (EPO), que asistieron a un Centro de Salud del Estado Carabobo-Venezuela. Metodología: Esta investigación es de tipo descriptiva, correlacional y de campo, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 71 pacientes HD; 57 de éstos tratados con EPO. Se determinó prohepcidina sérica, ferritina, hemoglobina, hematocrito, PCR y albúmina. Se definió anemia (hemoglobina < 10 g/dL) y deficiencia de hierro (ferritina < 100 ng/mL) de acuerdo al criterio recomendado por grupo K/DOQUI. Valores de referencia: Albúmina 3,5 a 4,8 g/dL, para procesos inflamatorios agudos (PCR > 10 mg/L). Resultados: El promedio para la prohepcidina fue de 397,5 ng/mL. Se observó un alto porcentaje de anemia (87,3%) y un 22,5% de pacientes con ferritina sérica baja. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para ferritina, albúmina, PCR y prohepcidina, entre pacientes con y sin tratamiento con EPO. Solo la variable PCR se correlaciona significativamente (rho = 0,276; p =0,020), con prohepcidina. Conclusión: Pacientes HD presentan niveles elevados de prohepcidina, esto pudiera deberse al proceso inflamatorio frecuentemente observado en estos pacientes y no al estado de hierro medido a través de los niveles de ferritina sérica (AU)

Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide which synthesis is regulated by iron status and inflammation, plays an important role in iron homeostasis in hemodialysed (HD) patients. It is measured by measuring serum prohepcidin. Objective: To determine serum prohepcidin levels and their relationship with serum ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP), and albumin in HD patients treated or not with recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) that attended the Health Centre of the Carabobo State in Venezuela. Methodology: This is a descriptive, correlational, and field investigation with a sample comprised by 71 HD patients of whom 57 were treated with EPO. Serum prohepcidin, ferritin, haemoglobin, hematocrit, CRP, and albumin were determined. Anaemia (haemoglobin < 10 g/dL) and iron deficiency (ferritin < 100 ng/mL) were defined according to the criteria recommended by the K/DOQUI group. Reference values: Albumin 3.5-4.8 g/dL, and for acute inflammatory conditions (CRP > 10 mg/L.). Results: The mean value for prohepcidin was 397.5 ng/mL. A high percentage of anaemia was observed (87.3%) and 22.5% of the patients had low levels of serum ferritin. There were no statistically significant differences for ferritin, albumin, CRP, or prohepcidin, between patients with and without EPO therapy. Only the CRP value was significantly correlated (rho = 0.276; p = 0.020) with prohepcidin. Conclusion: HD patients present high levels of prohepcidin, and this may be due to the common ongoing inflammatory process in these patients and not to the iron status measured through serum ferritin levels (AU)