Comparación de la dureza superficial de diferentes tipos de materiales restauradores en premolares birradiculares, un estudio in vitro / Comparison of surface hardness of different types of restoratives materials in premolars birradiculares, a in vitro study

Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la dureza superficial en restauraciones con ionómero de vidrio y de resina compuesta en cavidades clase I según Black en premolares birradiculares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo in vitro donde se midió la dureza de dos tipos de materiales restauradores odontológicos, en cavidades clase I a dos distintas profundidades diseñadas en 32 premolares birradiculares. Distribuidos en 4 grupos con características distintas entre ellos, ya fuera por el material restaurador (ionómero de vidrio, resina compuesta) o por la profundidad de la cavidad (2-4 mm). Todas las muestras de cada grupo fueron sometidos a una fuerza vertical monitorizada a través del texturómetro EZ-S SHIMADZU hasta producir la fractura del material. Para evaluar la normalidad los datos obtenidos se sometieron a la prueba Shapiro Willk que rechazó la hipótesis nula. El análisis de los datos totales se realizó a través del test t de Student para muestras independientes. Resultados: Se evaluaron las durezas de la resina a 2 y 4 mm y el ionómero de vidrio a las mismas profundidades, encontrando una diferencia estadística a favor de la resina compuestas frente al ionómero de vidrio en ambas profundidades (p = 0,000001445 y p = 2,99E-9) y, en la comparación intragrupal, sólo diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos de resina a distinta profundidad (p = 0,016). Conclusión: Los órganos dentarios con cavidades de 4 mm de profundidad que fueron restaurados con resina Tetric N-Ceram evaluados presentan mayor dureza que los restaurados con resina Vitremer a 2 y 4 mm y que la misma resina a 2 mm de profundidad

Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface hardness on restorations with glass ionomer and composite resin in Class I cavities according to Black in birradiculares premolars. Methods: Descriptive, comparative In Vitro study, in which the hardness of two types of restorative materials was measured was performed in cavities class I at two different depths designed in 32 birradiculares premolars, which were divided into 4 groups with different including features, either by the restorative material (glass ionomer, composite resin) or the depth of the cavity (2-4 mm), all specimens from each group were subjected to a vertical force through the texturometer monitored to generate the fracture of the material. To assess normal data obtained were subjected to the test Shapiro Wilk to reject the null hypothesis, while the total data analysis was performed using Student's t-test for independent samples. Results: Evaluated the hardness of the resin at 2 and 4 mm and the glass ionomer to the same depths, showing a statistical difference in favor of the composite resin Vs glass ionomer both depths (p = 0.000001445 p = 2.99E-9) and intragroup comparison showing only significant difference between the two groups at different depths resin (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Of the materials tested in this comparative hardness study, the dental organs with cavities 4 mm depth were restored with Tetric N-Ceram have greater hardness than Vitremer 2 and 4 mm and the same resin to 2 mm depth

Aplicaciones de la fibra de vidrio para reforzar la corona del molar endodonciado / Applications of fibreglass to reinforce the crown of molars with root canals

La reconstrucción coronaria de un molar endodonciado admite diferentes opciones de tratamiento, desde la clásica corona de recubrimiento total cementada directamente sobre el remanente coronado obturado con composite o sobre un perno-muñón colado que restaura la corona, a la simple reconstrucción con composite. Entre ambas opciones hay descrito un amplio abanico de posiblidades de tratamiento, entre los que podemos destacar la inscrustación con recubrimiento cuspideo de cerámica o de resina prepolimerizada. Todos ellos admiten la inserción sobreañadida del tan controvertido tornillo o perno cementado o incluso adherido en el interior de uno de los conductos. Se cuestiona cual es la mejor técnica a emplear y como siempre la decisión tomada que puede ser discutida e incluso controvertida, depende del remanente coronario que ha quedado en el molar endodonciado. ¿ Va a ser capaz de resistir las cargas de la masticación ese molar? ¿Resistirá más el molar si restauramos su corona con composite al que añadimos un armazón de fibra de vidrio? Es con la fibra de vidrio Dentapreg con la que vamos a mostrar varias técnicas de reconstrucción coronaria sobre molares endodonciados

root canal admits different treatment options,from the classic completely covered crowncemented directly on the remaining crownsealed with composite or on a cast post-corethat restores the crown, to the simplereconstruction with composite. Betweenboth options a wide range of treatmentoptions are described, among which we canhighlight the inlay with ceramic coating ofcusp or prepolymerised resin. All admit theadded insertion of the controversial screw orcemented post or even that adhered in theinterior of one of the ducts. It questions whatis the best technique to use and how thedecision made, which may always be dispu-ted and even controversial, depends on thecoronary stump that has remained in themolar with root canal. Is that molar going tobe capable of resisting the chewing load?Will the molar resist more if we restore itscrown with composite to which we add fibre-glass reinforcement? It is with Dentapreg(R)fibreglass that we are going to show varioustechniques of coronary reconstruction onmolars with root can

The effect of glass ionomer and adhesive cements on substance P expression in human dental pulp

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of glass ionomer and adhesive cements on SP expression in healthy human dental pulp. Study DESIGN: Forty pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. In thirty of these premolars a Class V cavity preparation was performed and teeth were equally divided in three groups: Experimental Group I: Glass Ionomer cement was placed in the cavity. Experimental Group II: Adhesive Cement was placed in the cavity. Positive control group: Class V cavities only. The remaining ten healthy premolars where extracted without treatment and served as a negative control group. All pulp samples were processed and SP was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Greater SP expression was found in the adhesive cement group, followed by the glass ionomer and the positive control groups. The lower SP values were for the negative control group. ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.0001). Tukey HSD post hoc tests showed statistically significant differences in SP expression between negative control group and the 3 other groups (p < 0.01). Differences between the cavity-only group and the two experimental groups were also statistically significant (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). There is also a statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adhesive cements provoke a greater SP expression when compared with glass ionomer

A preliminary clinical trial using flowable glass-ionomer cement asa liner in proximal-ART restorations: The operator effect

Objectives: This in vivo study was carried out to assess the influence of the operator experience on the survival rate of proximal-ART restorations using a two-layer technique to insert the glass-ionomer cement (GIC).Study Design: Forty five proximal cavities in primary molars were restored in a school setting according to the ART technique. The cavities were restored by two operators with Ketac Molar Easymix, and received a flowablelayer of GIC prior to a second GIC layer with a regular consistency. The operators had different clinical experiences with ART (no experience or two years of experience), but both completed a one-week training to perform the restorations and the GIC mixing in this study. Results: After a 12-month follow-up, 74% of the restorations survived; the main reason for failure was bulk fracture or total loss of the restoration. There was no operator influence (log-rank test p=0.2)Conclusion: The results encourage future well designed controlled clinical trials using the two-layer technique for insertion of GIC in proximal-ART restorations, after training the operators (AU)

Ex vivo study of bacterial coronal leakage in indirect pulp treatment

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, bacterial coronal leakage with different antimicrobial agents applied to the dentine for indirect pulp treatment (IPT).Study Design: Sixty extracted teeth were prepared and randomly distributed into 5 groups (n=10): Group 1: no antimicrobial dentine treatment; group 2: 1% chlorhexidine (CHX)+1% thymol varnish (Cervitec®); group 3: 2% CHX solution; group 4: 40% CHX varnish (EC40™) and group 5: Clearfil™ Protect Bond (CPB). Ten teeth served as controls. The teeth were restored using a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) and then mounted in a two-chamber device. The coronal access was exposed to Streptococcus mutants for 45 days. The appearance of turbidity in the BHI broth of the lower chamber was considered as specimen leakage. Results: Survival analysis, determined by non parametric Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests, showed that the best results were for groups EC40™+GIC and GIC alone; yet there were not statistically significant differences between them. All specimens of CPB+GIC and 2% CHX+GIC, leaked at 45 days. Conclusions: In IPT the use of GIC without pretreatment of the dentine and pretreatment with 40% CHX varnish resulted in a significant delay of bacterial coronal leakage (AU)

Effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability of giomer and microfilled composite resin: An in vitro comparison

Objectives: The effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on color stability and surface topography of a giomer and a microfilled composite resin was evaluated in the present in vitro study. Study design: Forty discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were prepared from a giomer and a microfilled composite resin. Each material yielded 20 discs with completely smooth surfaces. Then a spectrophotometer was used to measure L* (lightness), a* (redness, greenness) and b* (blueness, yellowness) color coordinates of all the discs. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. After measuring the color coordinates once again, color changes (ÄE*) were calculated by the CIELAB system. Six specimens from each material (three specimens before bleaching agent application and three specimens thereafter) were viewed under an atomic force microscope (AFM) for surface topography evaluation. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests at á=0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in color changes (ÄE*) between the two materials (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were detected in surface roughness between composite resin and giomer discs before and after bleaching (P>0.05 for both). However, in both materials the differences in surface roughness were significant before and after bleaching procedures (P<0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study it was concluded that 15% carbamide peroxide does not induce clinically detectable color changes in composite resin and giomer despite an increase in surface roughness (AU)

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Evaluación de la efectividad del MTA como tapón cervical en el blaqueamiento de dientes tratados endodónticamente / Evaluation of the effectiveness of MTA as a barrier for bleaching of endodontically treated teeth

Objetivo. Fue evaluar la capacidad selladora en la infiltración de colorante en barreras cervicales, utilizadas en el blanqueamiento de dientes tratados endodónticamente, utilizando materiales anteriormente estudiados y el MTA. Material y método. Fueron utilizados 40 dientes extraídos, divididos en 4 grupos, fue realizada la técnica de walking bleach, utilizando como agente blanqueador peróxido de digrogeno asociado al perborato de sodio y un agente trazador (azul de metileno). Después de realizar el tapón cervical con los diferentes materiales manipulados (fosfato de zinc, ionómero de vidrio y la gutapercha asociada al cemento obturador y un paquímetro e inspección visual por 3 examinadores previamente calibrados. Resultados. El MTA presentó menos infiltración que el resto de los materiales utilizados como tapón sin obtener diferencia estadísticamente significante (P=0,154). Conclusiones. El MTA demostró menor infiltración del colorante sobre los demás materiales. Por lo tanto en el análisis de marcadores, el resultado estadístico no fue significante; y en la evaluación, donde fue medida la infiltración lineal de colorante, se obtuvo un resultado significativo del grupo del MTA sobre el grupo control, que fue el de gutapercha asociado al cemento obturador (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the sealing ability of cervical barriers used in whitening teeth treated endodonically, using materials previously studied and the MTA peroxide and sodium perborate associated with a tracer agent (methylene blue). After perfoming the cervical buffer with different materials (zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, gutta-percha associated with cement and MTA) the bleaching agent was used. Next the teeth were sectioned longitudinally to assess the infiltration linear and measure with a pachymetry. Visual inspection was performed by three previously calibrated examiners. Results. The MTA had less infiltration than other materials used as a buffer, without obtaining statistically significant difference (P=0.154). Conclusions. The MTA showed less infiltration of dye than other materials. Therefore in the marker analysis, the result was not statistically significant, and in the evaluation, which was measure by linear infiltration of the dye, we obtained a significant result of the MTA group over the control group, which was gutta- percha associated with a cement (AU)

Evaluación de técnicas para el llenado de conductos radiculares con hidróxido de calcio / Evaluation of techniques for root canal filling with calcium hydroxide

Objetivo: Evaluar el llenado de conductos radiculares con hidróxido de calcio, utilizando lima tipo K, espiral de Lentulo, compactador de Mc-Spadden, instrumento ProTaper, jeringa ML y sistema Vitapex. Materiales y Métodos: Fueron Utilizados incisivos superiores e inferiores, canino superiores, pre-molares inferiores, molares superiores e conducto. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por medio del test de ANOVA, Tukey, test de Kruskal Wallis y Miller. Resultados: El relleno del conducto con el compactador de Mc-Spadden y el instrumento ProTaper tomaran menos tiempo. El mejor relleno fue obtenido con el instrumento ProTaper aunque sin diferencia estadística con los demás. Conclusiones: El meno tiempo para llenar el conducto fue conseguido con el instrumento McSpadden y ProTaper y la mejor calidad de relleno fue obtenida con el instrumento ProTaper (AU)

Aim: To evaluate the root canal filling with calcium hydroxide using K-file, Lentulo spiral, Mc Spadden compactor, ProTaper rotary instrument. ML syringe and Vitapex system. Methodology: Upper and lower incisors, upper canines, lower pre-molars and molars were used. Calcium hydroxide was mixed using saline or propylene glycol. The time to fill the root canal and the quality of the filling was evaluated. Results: It was found that the MCSpadden and the ProTaper instrument take less time to fill the root canal and the best filling was obtained using the ProTaper instrument without statistical difference with others. Conclusions: The shortest time to fill the root canal was achieved with McSpadden and ProTaper instrument. The best quality of the filling was achieved using the ProTaper instrument (AU)

Evaluación in vitro de la filtración coronaria empleando dos materiales de obturación / Coronal microleakage of two temporaty reatorative materials. In vitro study provisoria

Objetivo: en este trabajo se comparó la filtración coronaria en cavidades de acceso irrigadas con soluciones empleadas solas y combinadas obturadas con ionómero vítreo con y sin acondicionamiento de la dentina y con guta plástica secando o lavando y secando las cavidades de acceso. Material y Métodos: Se emplearon 148 molares, se realizaron cavidades de acceso de 4 mm de profundidad. Se irrigaron con NaOCl 2% (n=24), CHX 2% (n=24), ETA 17% (n=24), NaOCl 2% + EDTA 17% (N=24), NaOCl 2% + CH 2% (n=24), EDTA 17% + CHX 2% (n=24). 2 piezas se prepararon como control positivo y 2 como control negativo. Luego de irrigadas 72 cavidades de acceso se obturaron con guta plástica (Provis. Favodent, Germany) y 72 se obturaron con ionómero vítreo (Riva, SDI, Australia). Dentro de las obturadas con guta plástica la mitad de las cavidades de acceso sólo se secaron, la otra mitad se lavaron para eliminar el irrigante y luego se secaron previo a la colocación del material. La que se obturaron con ionómero vítreo, la mitad sólo se secaron y en la otra mitad de las piezas se acondicionó la dentina conácido poliacrílico al 11,5% DLF (Brasil), durante 1 minuto, luego se lavaron con spray de agua y secaron, previo a la colocación del material. Posteriormente se realizó el termociclado (300 ciclos), sumergiendo las piezas dentarias en baños de Fucsina Básica a 5ºC y 55ºC (±2). Se penetración del colorante en milímetros. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: La filtración coronaria fue significativamente menor al emplear guta plástica test t (p<0,0001). Al comparar la filtración del ionómero con y sin acondicionamiento de superficie, hubo menor filtración cuando se trató la dentina Test Mann-Whitney (p<0,0001). Al comparar la filtración cuando se empleó guta plástica en cavidades secadas, con las que fueron lavadas y secadas, no se observaron diferencias significativas Test Mann-Whitney (p=0,075). Conclusiones: La menor filtración se observó al emplear guta plástica. Dentro del grupo obturado con ionómero vítreo, la filtración fue menor al acondicionar la dentina. Parcialmente subsidiado por el CIUNT (AU)

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the coronal microleakage with the glass ionomer with and without dentin conditioning and cavit dried and the other half rinsed and dried. Material and Methods: 138 human molars were used. Coronal access to the pulp chambers was prepard by using diamond burns. Final access cavities of approximately 4 mm were standardized. After rising for 10 min. with 2% NaOCl (n=24), 2% CHX (n=24), 17% EDTA (n=24), 2% NAOCl + 17% EDTA were filled with glass ionomer proceeding in two ays: the middle pieces of group were dried and the other half were conditioned with polyacrylic acid, rinsed and dried. The another group were filled with cavit, the middle pieces of group were dried and the other half were rinsed and dried. The tooth surfaces were covered with nail varnish, the access were left unfilled. After 48 h. the specimes were thermocycled for 200 cycles in Basic Fucsina at 5ºC and 55ºC with a dwell time 30 s, in each bath. After the teeth were longitudinally sectioned in a bucolingual direction using diamond burn. The accesses were observed in binocular microscope and dye penetration was measure. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: Coronal microleakage was significantly lower with cavit test (p<0,001). Cavit showed no differences in cavities dried and washed and dried by Mann-Whitney Test (p=0,075). Conclusions: The lowest microleakage was observed with cavit. With glass ionomer, the lower microleakage was glass ionomer using diamond burn. The accesses were observed in binocular microscope and dye penetration was measured. Date were analyzed statistically. Results: Coronal microleakage was significantly lower with cavit t test (p<0,0001). Cavit showed no differences in cavities dried and washed and dried by Mann-Whitney Test (p=0,075). Conclusions: The lowest microleakage was observed with cavit. With glass ionomer, the lower microleakage was glass ionomer using dentin conditioning. Partially subsidized by CIUNT (AU)

Microleakage comparison of glass-ionomer and white mineral trioxideaggregate used as a coronal barrier in nonvital bleaching

Objectives: There is some evidence that the pH at the root surface is reduced by intracoronal placement of bleaching pastes, which is known to enhance osteoclastic activity. Therefore, it is recommended that a protective barrierbe used over the canal filling to prevent leak age of bleaching agents. Glass-ionomer (GI) is commonly used asa coronal barrier before nonvital bleaching. Because mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) creates high alkalinityafter mixing with water, using MTA as a protective barrier over the canal filling may not only prevent leakage of bleaching agents and microorganisms, but may prevent cervical resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluates ealing ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) as a coronal barrier before nonvital bleaching.Study design: Root canals of one hundred thirty human maxillary incisors were instrumented and filled withgutta-percha without sealer. Gutta-percha was removed up to 3 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Theteeth were randomly divided into six experimental groups of 20 teeth each and two control groups of 5. In three experimental groups, WMTA was packed into the canal to the level of CEJ. In the remaining experimental groups,glass-ionomer (GI) was used as a coronal barrier. After a 24-hour incubation period, one of the following threebleaching agents was placed in the access cavity of each of the WMTA or GI groups. These three bleaching agentswere 30% hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate mixed with 30% hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate mixedwith distilled water. The bleaching agents were replaced every 3 days for three times. In the positive controls, no (..) (AU)

Evaluación de la capacidad de sellado de dos materiales de restauración provisoria: un estudio in vivo / Evaluation of sealing ability of two temporary restoration materials: an in vivo

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar, in vivo, la capacidad de sellado coronario de dos materiales de restauración provisoria, CAVIT y MD-Temp utilizados en combinación con un ionómero vítreo, luego de realizado el tratamiento endodóntico. Material y Métodos: se seleccionaron 40 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento endodóntico en la Clínica de la Carrera de Especialización en Endodoncia de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad del Salvador/Asociación Odontológica Argentina (USAL/AOA) lo que fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos de 20 (n=20) cada uno. En el Grupo 1) las cavidades de acceso fueron obturadas con CAVIT/Ionómero previa inserción de un disco de papel de 6mm de diámetro. En el Grupo 2) luego de la inserción del disco, se obturó con MD-Temp/Ionómero. A los 14 y 21 días los pacientes fueron citados para retirar los discos de papel. Los mismos se cultivaron para la detección de microorganismos anaerobios facultativos y anaerobios obligados. Los resultados fueron evaluados estadísticamente mediante el test exacto de Fisher y la prueba de chi cuadrado. El nivel de significación establecido fue de p>0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: las muestras basales no presentaron crecimiento bacteriano. En las muestras experimentales se aislaron Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacilus spp., Streptococcus g viradas y levaduras. No se recuperaron anaerobios estrictos. A pesar de observase menor filtración en los casos obturados con CAVIT tanto a los 14 como a los 21 días no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos materiales, en los dos períodos evaluados (p>0,05) (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the coronal sealing ability of two temporary filling materials “in vivo”: CAVIT and MD-Temp, in combination with glass ionomer once the endodontics treatment was performed. Material and Methods: 40 patients were selected, all of which have received endodontic treatment at the Master in Endodontics Clinic of USAL/AOA. They were divided randomly in two groups of 20 (n=20) patients earch. After the insertion of 6 mm, paper disc in each of the patients of both groups, the coronal access cavities of Group 1 were obturated with CAVIT + glass ionomer; and those of Group 2, with MD Temp + glass ionomer. After 114 days and 21 days periods, all the patients have had the paper discs removed. Those paper-discss samples were sent to culture for facultative and force anaerobic microorganism. The results were statistically analyzed with chi squared and Fisher exact test. The significance level was p>0,05. Results and conclusions: Basal samples did not show bacterial growth. In experimental samples, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus g viridians and levaduras were isolated. Force anaerobic microorganisms were not recovered. Though minor leakage was observed in cases obturated with CAVIT results reached both after the 14 days and 21 days periods, no statistically significant differences were observed amid both analyzed materials (p>0.05) (AU)

Shear bond strengths of three glass ionomer cements to enamel and dentine

Objectives: The shear bond strength of three glass ionomer cements (GIC) to enamel and dentine was evaluated.Study Design: Sound permanent human molars (n=12) were grinded perpendicular to their axial axes, exposingsmooth, flat enamel and dentine surfaces. The teeth were embedded in resin and conditioned with polyacrylic acid(25%; 10s). Twenty four specimens of each GIC: Fuji IX (FJ - GC), Ketac Molar Easymix (KM – 3M ESPE) andMaxxion (MX - FGM) were prepared according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) (12 enamel and12 dentine), in a bonding area of 4.91 mm2 and immersed in water (37oC, 24h). The shear bond strength was testedin a universal testing machine. Non-parametric statistical tests (Friedman and post-hoc Wilcoxon Signed Ranks)were carried out (p=0.05).Results: The mean (±sd) of shear bond strength (MPa), on enamel and dentine, were: KM (6.4±1.4 and 7.6±1.5),FJ (5.9±1.5 and 6.0±1.9) and MX (4.2±1.5 and 4.9±1.5), respectively. There was a statistically significant differencebetween the GICs in both groups: enamel (p=0.004) and dentine (p=0.002). The lowest shear bond value forenamel was with MX and the highest for dentine was KM (p<0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that KM has the best adhesion to both enamel and dentine, followed by FJ and MX (AU)

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Estudio in vitro de la resistencia a la tracción de postes de fibra de vidrio cementados con cuatro agentes cementantes / In vitro study of push-out resistance of glass-fiber posts cemented with four luting agents

Introducción: La causa más frecuente de fracaso de los pernos de fibra es el desprendimiento, debido a una falla de la adhesión en la interface dentina/agente cementante. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue medir y comparar la resistencia a la tracción necesaria para producir la dislocación de postes de fibra de vidrio cementados con 4 agentes cementantes. Materiales y métodos: Las coronas de 40 caninos sanos, fueron seccionadas transversalmente a nivel del techo cameral. Tras realizar el tratamiento endodóntico, los especímenes fueron mantenidos a 80% de humedad, a 37° C por 72 horas. Aleatoriamente se distribuyeron en 4 grupos (n =10). Cada grupo recibió un poste de fibra de vidrio cementados con: Panavia F 2.0, Unicem, Fuji plus, Variolink. La cementación fue según indicaciones del fabricante y bajo presión digital, posteriormente se aplicó una carga estandarizada de 5 kilos por 5 minutos. Se efectuó una prueba de tracción utilizando una máquina de prueba universal con velocidad de 0,5 mm/min hasta el descementado. A los datos se aplicó un diseño de Análisis de Varianza, ANOVA una Víay el test de Tukey (p<0,05).Resultados: El coeficiente de determinación (R2) del modelo fue igual a un 88%. La ANOVA mostró que al menos en uno de los cementos la media de la fuerza de tracción fue significativamente distinta a las demás(p<0,0001). Al comparar las medias de la fuerzas de tracción se obtuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los 4 agentes cementantes (p<0,05).Este estudio in vitro demostró que el cemento de resina de curado-dual Panavia F 2.0 presentó la fuerza de tracción más alta. Por lo que en clínica se comportaría dentro de niveles muy aceptables (AU)

Introduction: The most frequent cause of the glass-fiber post failure was push-out due to a failure in the adhesion dentin/agent cement interface. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the dislocation resistance of glass fiber post cemented by 4 different cement agents. Material and methods. Forty extracted canine were transversal sectioned at roof pulp level (n=10). Each group received fiber posts were randomly cemented using cement Panavia F 2.0, Unicem, Fuji plus, Variolink. Each sample was loaded in tension in an Instrom universal testing machine. The maximum force required to dislodge each post was recorded. Data were subjected to 1-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. (p<0.05).Results. The determination coefficient (R2) of the model was 80%. The one-way ANOVA disclosed significant differences between groups (p<0.0001), and a multiple comparisons test revealed that statistically significant difference among the 4 cementing agents (p<0.05).Conclusions. This in vitro study demonstrated that dual-cured resin cement Panavia F 2.0 resulted in the highest dislodgement force thus would be within the clinically acceptable standard (AU)

Effect of water contamination on the shear bond strength of five orthodontic adhesives

Objectives: To evaluate the shear bond strength and site of failure of brackets bonded to dry and wet enamel. Study design: 50 teeth were divided into ten groups of 5 teeth each (10 surfaces). In half the groups enamel was kept dry before bonding, and in the other half distilled water was applied to wet the surface after etching. The following groups were established: 1)Acid/Transbond-XT (dry/wet) XT; 2) Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer(TSEP)/Transbond-XT paste (dry/wet); 3) Concise (dry), Transbond MIP/Concise (wet), 4) FujiOrtho-LC (dry/wet); 5) SmartBond (dry/wet). Brackets were bonded to both buccal and lingual surfaces. Specimens were stored in distilled water (24 hours at 37ºC) and thermocycled. Brackets were debonded using a Universal testing machine(cross-head speed 1 mm/min). Failure sites were classified using a stereomicroscope. Results: No significant differences in bond strength were detected between the adhesives under wet and dry conditions except for Smart-Bond, whose bond strength was significantly lower under dry conditions. For all the adhesives most bond failures were of mixed site location except for Smartbond, which failed at the adhesive-bracket interface. Conclusions:Under wet conditions the bonding capacity of the adhesives tested was similar than under dry conditions, with the exception of SmartBond which improved under wet conditions (AU)

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Evaluación clínica de la adhesión de brackets metálicos comparando un cemento de vidrio ionómero modificado con resina con una resina acrílica / No disponible

La mayoría de los ortodoncistas utilizan para cementarbrackets una técnica convencional de grabado ácido sobre el esmalte con ácido ortofosfórico, sistemas autograbadores, etc. Sin embargo, los cementos de vidrio ionómero son una buena opción gracias a las ventajas que ofrecen, como la ausencia de descalcificaciones alrededor del bracket, el cementado es más rápido y fácil, no es necesario controlar estrictamente la humedad, no es necesario acondicionar previamente el sustrato y es más fácil remover los restos dejados tras el despegado del bracket. Sin embargo, las fuerzas de adhesión obtenidas son más bajas que aquellas obtenidas con resinas de composite (AU)

Most of orthodontists use the ordinary technique of etching the enamel with orthophosforic acid, autoetching systems etc. However, glass ionomer cements are a good option regarding the advantages they offer, like the absence of decalcification around brackets, easy and quick cementation, it’s not necessary to estrictly control humidity, it’s not necessary to prepare the substrate and it’s easier to remove the rest of cement once you retire brackets. However, adhesive forces are lower than with acrilic resins (AU)

Utilización de polialcamida en cirugía reconstructiva y estética facial / Use of polyalkylimide in facial reconstructive and cosmetic surgery

Objetivos. Presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo y aplicaciónde biomateriales no reabsorbibles (poliaquilamida) en pacientes condefectos faciales de diversa etiología.Material y métodos. Empleamos poliaquilamida (Bio-Alcamid®) en un totalde catorce pacientes. Cuatro pacientes presentaban distintos grados delipodistrofia facial secundaria a tratamientos antiretrovirales. Otros cuatro,consultaron porque deseaban mejorar el aspecto de su perfil labial. Trespacientes habían sido sometidos con anterioridad a exéresis oncológicas,y otros dos mostraban defectos faciales derivados de traumatismos. Finalmente,un paciente presentaba un defecto nasal, secuela de una rinoplastiaprevia.Resultados. Todos los pacientes mostraron un índice muy elevado de satisfacción.No se registraron complicaciones graves. Queremos señalar la estabilidady durabilidad del implante.Conclusiones. La seguridad y sencillez de esta técnica asociada al alto gradode satisfacción manifestado por los pacientes, animan al empleo de estassustancias en la corrección de defectos faciales de diversa etiología(AU)

Objectives. To report our experience with the managementand application of nonresorbible biomaterials (polyalkylimide) inpatients with facial defects of diverse origin.Material and methods. Polyalkylimide (Bio-Alcamid®) was used infourteen patients. Four patients had different grades of faciallipodystrophy secondary to antiretroviral treatment. Four patientssought to improve their labial profile. Three patients had previouslyundergone oncological excision and two had traumatic facial defects.Finally, one patient had a nasal defect due to rhinoplasty.Results. All patients were very satisfied. No serious complicationsoccurred. Implants were stable and durable.Conclusions. The safety and simplicity of this technique, and thehigh degree of patient satisfaction, encourage the use of thesesubstances to correct facial defects of diverse etiology(AU)

Comportamiento de temperatura de la luz de lámparas halógenas y LEDs a través de composite y ionómero / No disponible

Objetivos: Describir el comportamiento de la temperatura de la luz generada por lámparas Halógenas y LEDs a medida que atraviesanresina compuesta e Ionómero de Vidrio y en forma directamente de La fuente de luz de fotopolimerización. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron dos lámparas LEDs con intensidades de radiación de 600 mW/cm² Bluephase® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA, 1400 mW/cm² Very Light® ITENA, CFPM/ FRANCIA (convencional y de alta intensidad, respectivamente) y una de tipo halógena Astrales 5® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA con intensidad de radiación de 450 mW/cm². Se registró los incrementos de temperatura mediante un termómetro digital HT-302 de acuerdo a los códigos reensayos diseñados para el estudio a diversos espesores y colores de material. Las mediciones del incremento de temperatura se hicieron de acuerdo al 100% y 150% del tiempo de exposición recomendado por el fabricante de cada lámpara para cada material dental usado. Resultados: Existió diferencia significativas (p<0.001) del incremento de temperatura entre las distintas lámparas de fotopolimerización usadas; al igual que entre incrementos de temperatura usando el100% y 150% de tiempo que el fabricante recomienda para cada lámpara. No existió diferencia significativa (p> 0.05), en el incremento de temperatura cuando se varió el color del mismo material dental, pero sí existió diferencia significativa (p<0.001) entre materiales dentales usados. Conclusiones: El incremento de la temperatura ocasionada por la lámpara de tipo halógena Astrales 5® puede provocar incrementos de temperatura significativos si no se siguen las instrucciones del fabricante para su uso. La lámpara de tipo Led convencional Bluephase® produce incrementos de temperatura menores que la lámpara halógena convencional y la de tipo Led de alta intensidad Very Light® produjo los valores más bajos de incremento de la temperatura (AU)

Purpose: To describe the behavior of the temperature of the lightgenerated by curing units halogen and LEDs through dental material and hard dental tissues. Material and methods: Two LEDs lamps were used with power densities of radiation of 600 mW/cm² Bluephase® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA, 1400 mW/cm² Very Light® ITENA, CFPM/ FRANCE(conventional and of high intensity, respectively) and one halogen, Astralis 5® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA with 450 mW/cm² of powerdensity. Registered the increases of temperature by means of a digital thermometer HT-302 according to the codes of tests designed for the study to diverse thicknesses and colors of material. The measurements of the increase of temperature became according to 100% and 150%of the time of exhibition recommended by the manufacturer of each lamp for each used dental material. Results: Significant differences (p< 0.001) of the increase of temperature between the different used lamps of fotopolimerización existed; significant difference (p<0.001) between increases of temperature using 100% and 150% of time that the manufacturer recommends for each lamp. Significant difference did not exist (p>0.005) in the increase of temperature when the color of the same dental material was varied, but existed significant difference (p<0.001)between used dental materials. Conclusions: The increase of the temperature caused by curing lamp Astralis 5® can cause increases of temperature significant if the instructions of the manufacturer are not followed for their use. The lamp of type conventional Led Bluephase® produces increases of temperature smaller than the conventional halogen lamp and the curing unit Very Light® produced the lowest values of increase of the temperature (AU)

Actualización en cementos de ionómerode vídrio en Odontopediatría / No disponible

Los cementos de ionómero de vídrio (CIV) son materiales muy versátiles y con distintas presentaciones para varias aplicaciones clínicas. La incorporación de los ionómeros modificados con resina ha aumentado las posibilidades de uso de este material y también su estética. Los CIV poseen unas características interesantes para su uso enodontopediatría, como adhesión química a la estructura dentaria, gran biocompatibilidad, y especialmente, liberación de flúor. A pesar de sus ventajas, no siempre serán el material de elección por lo que el clínico debe conocer la composición, características, ventajas e inconvenientes y limitaciones de cada material para poder utilizarlo de forma individualizada (AU)

Glass ionomer cements are a very versatile material and have many presentations for the different clinical applications. The introduction of the resin modified glass ionomer cements improved the possibilities of use and its aesthetics. Properties such as biocompatibility, adhesion to dental structure and specially fluoride release are interesting to use this material in paediatric dentistry. Even all the advantages, they may not always fulfill the requirements needed, so the clinician should know the limitations and characteristics of the different types of glass ionomer cements in order to use them individually (AU)

Retención de un poste cilindrocónico. Estudio comparativo de seis cementos y dos formas de cementación distintas / No disponible

Propósito: La mayoría de los diferentes tipos de postes (..) (AU)

Purpose: Many different types post recommended for clinical (..) (AU)

Sorción y solubilidad de materiales formulados con resina / Sorption and solubility of several materials formulated with resin

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la sorción y solubilidad de cuatro resinas compuestas: Tetric Ceram (Vivadent), Ecusit (DMG), Degufill (Degussa) y Z-250 (3M-Espe); y dos resinas modificadas con poliácido: Luxat (DMG) e Ionosit (DMG). Cinco especímenes circulares (15 mm x 0.85 mm) de cada material fueron preparados y pulidos con discos de carburo de silicio. Los especímenes fueron desecados en una estufa a 37° C hasta que se registró un peso constante (mo) y, posteriormente, se introdujeron en agua destilada a 37° C (m1). Una vez estabilizado su peso fueron desecados nuevamente, colocados en una campana al vacío (60° C, 24 h) y pesados por última vez (m2). El cálculo de la sorción (A) y solubilidad (S) se realizó mediante expresiones matemáticas interrelacionadas: A = m1 - m2/V; S = m0 - m2/ V Los tests de AMOVA y Student Newman Keuls mostraron diferencias en la sorción y solubilidad según el material estudiado (p<0.05). Ionosit presentó los valores más altos de sorción y Tetric Ceram y Ecusit los más bajos. La sorción de Luxat fue más elevada que la de Degufill, pero la de ambos materiales fue similar a la del Z-250. La solubilidad de Ionosit fue también significativamente más alta que la de los demás materiales. Las resinas compuestas evaluadas y Luxat presentaron unos valores de solubilidad similares (AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the sorption and solubility of four resin composites: Tetric Ceram (Vivadent), Ecusit (DMG), Degufill (Degussa) and Z-250 (3M-Espe); and two polyacid-modified resins: Luxat (DMG) and lonosit (DMG). Five discs (15 mm x 0.85 mm) of each material were prepared and ground wet to remove poorly polymerized suface layers. Discs were conditioned in a desiccator (37º C) until a constant weight was achieved using an analytic balance (mo); immersed in distilled water 37º C (m1) and finally into a vacuum oven (60º C, 24 h) and reweighted (m2). Sorption (A) and solubility (S) were calculated: A = m1 - m2 / V; S = mo - m2 / V. ANOVA and SNK tests showed statistical differences among the studied materials. lonosit showed the highest sorption and Tetric Ceram and Ecusit the lowest. Luxat presented higher sorption than Degufill, but both materials showed similar sorption values compared with Z-250. The higher solubility was obtained by lonosit. No statistical differences were found among resin composites and Luxat (AU)