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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38(7): 447-452, Sept. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224777

RESUMO

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and the prevalence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in Andalusia. Method: We carried out a case–control study using the logistic regression method to verify the relationship between the prevalence of ALS in the area exposed to pesticides versus the unexposed area, through the Odds Ratio statistical test. Results: The study population consisted of 519 individuals diagnosed with ALS between January 2016 and December 2018 according to the CMBD (Minimum Basic Data Set) as cases. In the control group, we have 8,384,083 individuals obtained from data from the National Institute of Statistics (INE). The Odds Ratio (OR) was used as a measure of association between cases and controls, obtaining an OR between 0.76 and 1.08 for the confidence interval of the CI (95%). Conclusions: Despite the existence of various studies that suggest a possible association between environmental exposure to pesticides and the risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, our analysis of the Andalusian population did not find significant evidence of this association.(AU)


Objetivo: Analizar si existe una relación entre la exposición ambiental a pesticidas y la prevalencia de esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) en Andalucía. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles con regresión logística para esclarecer la relación entre la prevalencia de ELA en el área expuesta a pesticidas vs. el área sin exposición, mediante el cálculo de razón de probabilidades (odds ratio [OR]). Resultados: Incluimos un grupo de casos, con 519 individuos diagnosticados de ELA entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2018, obtenidos del conjunto mínimo básico de datos, y un grupo control con 8.384.083 individuos obtenidos de la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se utilizó la OR para medir la asociación entre casos y controles, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% de 0,76-1,08. Conclusiones: A pesar de que varios estudios sugieren una posible asociación entre la exposición ambiental a pesticidas y un aumento en el riesgo de ELA, nuestro estudio sobre la población andaluza no halló datos significativos en favor de dicha hipótesis.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral , Praguicidas , Toxicologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/complicações , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral/microbiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/enfermagem
2.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 159(11): 543-548, diciembre 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213497

RESUMO

Introduction and objective: Pesticide poisoning induced cardiac arrest (PPICA) has rarely been reported before, and can easily be overlooked by physicians. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of PPICA patients.MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective analysis in the emergency intensive care unit (EICU) at tertiary medical facility, from January 2015 to December 2018.ResultsA total of 15 patients with PPICA in EICU were included, of which nine were females, where suicide was the only cause of poisoning. Thirteen were in-hospital cases and only three cases showed an initial shockable rhythm. On admission, patients’ median acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 20 (12, 21) and median sequential organ failure assessment score was 7 (4, 10). All cases required invasive mechanical ventilation and vasopressors therapy. Seven patients received blood purification therapy. The primary toxic agent was organophosphorus pesticide (OP) and all OP cases (8/15) received pralidoxime and atropine therapy. Thirteen patients received gastric decontamination. The primary complications were cardiogenic shock (10/15) and acute kidney injury (3/15). Seven patients survived at discharge. Of these, three made a full recovery without neurological sequelae.ConclusionsCardiac arrest has rarely been reported in pesticide poisoning before, and can easily be overlooked. Physicians therefore should pay attention to specific therapy and best supportive treatment, which could be critical to improve the disease outcomes. (AU)


Introducción y objetivo: El paro cardíaco inducido por envenenamiento por pesticidas (PPICA) rara vez se ha informado antes, y los médicos pueden pasarlo por alto fácilmente. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las características clínicas de los pacientes con PPICA.MétodosEste fue un análisis retrospectivo de un solo centro en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de emergencia (EICU) en un centro médico terciario, desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2018.ResultadosSe incluyeron un total de 15 pacientes con PPICA en la UCIN, de los cuales 9 eran mujeres jóvenes, donde el suicidio fue la única causa de intoxicación. Trece fueron casos intrahospitalarios y solo 3 casos mostraron un ritmo inicial desfibrilable. Al ingreso, la mediana de la puntuación de la evaluación II de la fisiología aguda y la salud crónica de los pacientes fue de 20 (12–21) y la mediana de la puntuación de la evaluación de la insuficiencia orgánica secuencial fue de 7 (4–10). Todos los casos requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva y terapia vasopresora. Siete pacientes recibieron terapia de purificación de sangre. El principal agente tóxico fue el plaguicida organofosforado (OP) y todos los casos de OP (8/15) recibieron tratamiento con pralidoxima y atropina. Trece pacientes recibieron descontaminación gástrica. Las principales complicaciones fueron shock cardiogénico (10/15) y lesión renal aguda (3/15). Siete pacientes sobrevivieron al alta. De estos, 3 se recuperaron por completo sin secuelas neurológicas.ConclusionesEl paro cardíaco rara vez se ha informado antes en la intoxicación por pesticidas y puede pasarse por alto fácilmente. Por lo tanto, los médicos deben prestar atención a la terapia específica y al mejor tratamiento de apoyo, que podría ser fundamental para mejorar los resultados de la enfermedad. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atropina/uso terapêutico , Parada Cardíaca/induzido quimicamente , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Praguicidas , Intoxicação/terapia , Compostos Organofosforados
3.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 7(4): 376-384, Oct-Dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216540

RESUMO

Introducción: Los plaguicidas son necesarios para en el desarrollo de la sociedad actual, aunque suponen un riesgo para la salud pública, el ecosistema, la salud humana, de las personas expuestas directa e indirectamente a través de la cadena alimentaria y/o el medio ambiente. De hecho, cada vez son más los estudios que muestran una neurotoxicidad derivada de una intoxicación aguda y/o crónica por exposición a plaguicidas.Método: Se realizó una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre la toxicidad de estos productos químicos, en relación al daño que pueden causar en el sistema nervioso. Se examinaron artículos científicos publicados en inglés y español, mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos como: Scielo, Medline, Springer, Scopus y Science Direct, de artículos que fueron divulgados durante el periodo comprendido entre el año 2017 y 2022, según los criterios establecidos por la declaración PRISMA.Resultados: Los plaguicidas suponen uno de los contaminantes ambientales más utilizados, que pueden generar numerosos beneficios para la agricultura; sin embargo, se relacionan cada vez más, con una neurotoxicidad derivada de una exposición crónica, que cursa con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas neurodegenerativas.Conclusiones: Se necesitan más estudios que aborden la neurotoxicidad inducida por exposición a plaguicidas, así como, la necesidad de reforzar todos los sistemas de prevención, control y medidas que garanticen la salud de la población expuesta.(AU)


Introduction: Pesticides are necessary for the development of today's society, although they pose a risk to public health, the ecosystem, human health, people directly and indirectly exposed through the food chain and/or the environment. . In fact, more and more studies show neurotoxicity derived from acute and/or chronic poisoning due to exposure to pesticides.Method: A brief bibliographical review on the toxicity of these chemical products was carried out, in relation to the damage they can cause in the nervous system. Scientific articles published in English and Spanish were examined, by searching databases such as: Scielo, Medline, Springer, Scopus and Science Direct, of articles that were disclosed during the period between 2017 and 2022, according to the criteria established by the PRISMA statement.Results: Pesticides are one of the most widely used environmental contaminants, which can generate numerous benefits for agriculture; however, they are increasingly related to neurotoxicity derived from chronic exposure, which occurs with the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Conclusions: More studies are needed to address neurotoxicity induced by exposure to pesticides, as well as the need to strengthen all systems of prevention, control, and measures that guarantee the health of the exposed population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença de Parkinson , Doença de Alzheimer , Síndromes Neurotóxicas , Praguicidas , Compostos Químicos , Toxicidade , Toxicologia
4.
Int. microbiol ; 25(2): 365-378, May. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216038

RESUMO

Lindane contamination in different environmental matrices has been a global concern for long. Bacterial consortia consisting of Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1, Rhodococcus rhodochrous NITDBS9, Ochrobactrum sp. NITDBR3, NITDBR4 and NITDBR5 were used for the bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with lindane. The bacteria, Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 and Rhodococcus rhodochrous NITDBS9, have been selected based on their lindane degrading capacity in liquid culture conditions (~80-90 %). The remaining three bacteria were chosen for their auxiliary properties for plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production and ammonia production under in vitro conditions. In this study, market wastes, mainly vegetable wastes, were added to the soil as a biostimulant to form a biomixture for assisting the degradation of lindane by bioaugmentation. Residual lindane was measured at regular intervals of 7 days to monitor the biodegradation process. It was observed that the consortium could degrade ~80% of 50 mg kg-1 lindane in soil which was further increased in the biomixture after six weeks of incubation. Bioassays performed on plant seeds and cytotoxicity studies performed on human skin fibroblast and HCT116 cell lines revealed that the groups contaminated with lindane and treated with the bacterial consortium showed lower toxicity than their respective controls without any bacteria. Hence, the use of both pesticide degrading and plant growth-promoting bacteria in a consortium can be a promising strategy for improved bioremediation against chemical pesticides, particularly in soil and agricultural fields, simultaneously enhancing crop productivity in those contaminated soil(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hexaclorocicloexano , Bioensaio , Praguicidas , Poluição Ambiental , Paracoccus , Microbiologia do Solo , Microbiologia
5.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 26(1): e56-e63, ene. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200539

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tobacco, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection are the most common risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC). Despite of this, recent evidences are growing on the association between long-term exposure to pesticides and the risk of chronic diseases, including different types of cancer. The present review evaluated in current literature evidence of an association between exposure to pesticides and the occurrence of HNCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search of the case-control studies was conducted in the PubMed, Web of science and Cochrane databases. Methodological quality of each study was rated with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN 50) checklist. RESULTS: One thousand and thirty-five studies were identified and twelve met all criteria and, therefore, considered for quality assessment and data extraction. According to SIGN 50 criteria, six studies received an overall high-quality. All the studies considered of high quality found a positive association between exposure to pesticides and different HNC sites, including larynx, pharynx and nasal cavity. In addition, the increased risk was associated with the frequency of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, improving pesticide users' awareness of their risks and proper handling, as well as adopting protective measures such as the use of personal protective equipment, appear to be effective in reducing human health damage


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/etiologia , Exposição a Praguicidas , Praguicidas/envenenamento , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco
6.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(supl. 1): S23-S26, 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-220733

RESUMO

Objective: The study aimed to find the factors that contributed greatly to health complaints due to use of pesticides. Method: The research using the cross-sectional research design. The sample was determined using a total sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by path analysis using Smart PLS. Results: The result of the study found that the use of pesticides affected the working time t-statistic 3.467. The use of pesticides affects health complaints t-statistic 2.586. Types of pesticides affect working time t-statistic 2. Improper timing of spraying and the frequency of spraying has a bigger impact on farmers’ health complaints. Conclusions: Spraying time has the greatest influence on health complaints. It is recommended that farmers reduce the frequency of spraying more than 2 times a day, spraying time in the morning, and pay attention to the wind direction to reduce exposure and health hazards due to pesticides. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fazendeiros , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Indonésia , Estudos Transversais , Agricultura
7.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 48(6): 523-529, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-199238

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Lebanon, asthma is underdiagnosed due to low access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas, although asthma diagnosis in children is based mainly on clinical symptoms. Thus, wheezing might be more suggestive of undiagnosed respiratory diseases including asthma in Lebanese children. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with wheezing in Lebanese children without asthma diagnosis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and April 2016, enrolling a total of 1203 schoolchildren. RESULTS: Out of 1500 prepared questionnaires, 1380 questionnaires were distributed in schools, and 1203 (87.17%) were collected back from the parents of children aged between 4-17 years old. The sample included 42 (3.5%) [95% CI 0.025-0.045] children with reported chronic wheezing. A multivariable analysis was performed taking the presence versus absence of wheezing in children as the dependent variable. The results showed that spraying pesticides at home (aOR = 1.91), presence of humidity at home (aOR = 2.21) and child reflux (aOR = 2.60) were significantly associated with the presence of wheezing in children. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that certain environmental factors, such as pesticides, humidity at home and reflux disease, might be associated with wheezing episodes in children. Those factors can be prevented through raising awareness by health care professionals


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Análise Multivariada , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Modelos Logísticos , Líbano/epidemiologia , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos
8.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(9): 933-951, sept. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-199373

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficacia de seis biopreparados locales para el control de las enfermedades foliares del cultivo de la fresa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se condujo un experimento en la finca Camacho del municipio de Pamplona Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con nueve tratamientos, seis biopreparados locales, tres testigos (una saneado, uno sin sanear y un químico). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron como enfermedades foliares más importantes de la fresa a Ramularia tulasnei, Colletotrichum sp., Botrytis cinerea y Xanthomonas fragariae. Los biopreparados Caldo rizósfera y Microorganismos Eficientes (ME) resultaros superiores al tratamiento químico con mancozeb para la mancha por Ramularia. Los bioproductos Caldo Rizósfera y ME mostraron resultados similares que el control químico contra., la pudrición por Botrytis, la mancha por Xanthomonas, y la antracnosis en hojas, flores y frutos, pero los niveles de incidencia de esta enfermedad estuvieron entre 46 y 55 % en flores y entre 56 y 63 % en frutos. CONCLUSIONES: Los biopreparados Caldo Rizósfera y ME resultaros superiores al tratamiento químico con Dithane para mantener a la mancha por Ramularia en niveles de severidad aceptables, al igual que a la mancha bacteriana y la pudrición por Botrytis y resultaron similares que el control químico contra la antracnosis en hojas, flores y frutos, sin embargo, los niveles de incidencia en flores y frutos de la antracnosis no son los deseados, amenazando la rentabilidad del agricultor


OBJECTIVE: The work aimed to determine the efficacy of six local biopreparations for the control of leaf diseases of strawberry cultivation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experiment was conducted at the Camacho farm in the municipality of Pamplona Norte de Santander, Colombia. A randomized block design was used with nine treatments, six local biopreparations, three controls (one sanitized, one unsanitary and one chemical). RESULTS: The most important foliar diseases of the strawberry were Ramularia tulasnei, Colletotrichum sp., Botrytis cinerea and Xanthomonas fragariae. The biopreparations Rhizosphere Broth and Efficient Microorganisms (ME) are superior to the chemical treatment with mancozeb for the spot by Ramularia. The bio-products Rhizphere Broth and ME showed similar results that the chemical control against Botrytis rot, Xanthomonas spot, and anthracnose on leaves, flowers and fruits, but the incidence levels of this disease were between 46 and 55% in flowers and between 56 and 63% in fruits. CONCLUSIONS: The biopreparations Rhizphere Broth and ME were superior to the chemical treatment with Dithane to maintain the spot by Ramularia at acceptable levels of severity, as well as the bacterial spot and Botrytis rot, and although they were similar to the chemical control against anthracnose in leaves, flowers and fruits, however, the levels of incidence anthracnose in flowers and fruits are not desired, threatening the profitability of the farmer


Assuntos
Praguicidas/farmacologia , Agricultura Orgânica/métodos , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fragaria/microbiologia , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Antifúngicos/análise , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193577

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Existen pocos estudios epidemiológicos, sobre todo de tipo multicéntrico, sobre las intoxicaciones agudas a causa de productos químicos agroindustriales y del hogar en España. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de estas intoxicaciones en nuestro país, y analizar su evolución temporal. METODOS: El Sistema Español de Toxicovigilancia (SETv) es un registro prospectivo que incluye a 32 Servicios de Urgencias y Unidades de Cuidados intensivos de España. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de las intoxicaciones agudas por agentes químicos (excluyendo drogas y fármacos) en sus primeros 15 años de funcionamiento (1999-2014). Las comparaciones de proporciones se realizaron mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher, y entre pares de grupos independientes con la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Se consideraron significativos los valores de probabilidad menores de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Los 10.548 casos estudiados presentaban una edad media de 38,41 (+/-22,07) años, siendo significativamente superior en las mujeres (p=0,0001). El 67,7% de las intoxicaciones ocurrieron en el hogar, y las vías de entrada más frecuentes fueron la respiratoria (48,3%), la digestiva (35,3%) y la ocular (13,1%). Los grupos tóxicos más frecuentes fueron los gases tóxicos (31%), los cáusticos (25,6%) y los gases irritantes (12,1%). Un 76,2% de los casos requirieron tratamiento (27,2% con antídotos). Ingresó en un centro hospitalario un 20,6% de las personas, con una estancia media de 32 (+/-151,94) días, con diferencias significativas para los plaguicidas y disolventes (p=0,02). Presentaron secuelas al alta un 2,1%. La mortalidad fue del 1,4% (146 pacientes), con una edad media de 62,08 años (+/-19,58; p=0,0001). CONCLUSIONES: En las intoxicaciones por productos químicos, las medidas preventivas deben centrarse fundamentalmente en el ámbito doméstico, controlando las fuentes de exposición al monóxido de carbono y la manipulación de los productos de limpieza, fundamentalmente los líquidos cáusticos y la generación de gases irritantes al mezclarlos


OBJECTIVE: There are few epidemiological studies on acute poisonings from pesticides, industrials and household products in Spain. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of acute poisonings by chemical products in our country, and analyze their annual evolution. METHODS: The Spanish Toxicovigilance System (SETv) is a prospective registry that includes 32 Emergency Departments and Intensive Care Units in Spain. An observational descriptive study of acute poisoning by chemical agents (excluding pharmacological products and illicit drugs) was carried out, within 1999-2014. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square or exact Fisher's tests. Non-parametric continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The 10,548 cases studied had a mean age of 38.41 (+/-22.07) years, being significantly higher in women (p=0.0001). 67.7% of the poisonings occurred at home, and the most frequent routes of exposure were respiratory (48.3%), digestive (35.3%) and ocular (13.1%). The most frequent toxic groups were toxic gases (31%), caustics (25.6%) and irritant gases (12.1%). Of the patients that required treatment (76.2%), antidotes were used in 27.2%. 20.6% of the patients were admitted at Hospital, with a median stay of 32 (+/-151.94) days, with significant differences for pesticides and solvents (p=0.02). Sequelae were presented at discharge in 2.1% of patients. Mortality was 1.4% (146 patients) with a mean age of 62.08 years (+/-19.58) (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of chemical poisonings should be prevented in the domestic environment, taking into account the sources of exposure to carbon monoxide and the handling of household cleaning products, both caustic liquids and the generation of irritating gases when mixed


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Compostos Químicos/efeitos adversos , Noxas/envenenamento , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações/estatística & dados numéricos , Exposição a Produtos Químicos , Gás Tóxico , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Praguicidas/envenenamento , Detergentes/envenenamento , Cáusticos/envenenamento , Espanha/epidemiologia
10.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 33(3): 216-221, mayo-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183739

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de exposición a plaguicidas y su correlación con indicadores de salud percibida y biomarcadores de daño (alteraciones genotóxicas y de actividad enzimática de la butirilcolinesterasa), en la población de agroaplicadores de cultivos extensivos (ACE) de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Método: Estudio transversal, en ACE (n = 47) seleccionados aleatoriamente de una muestra de 2000, y sujetos no expuestos controles (n = 52). Se relevaron variables sociodemográficas, condicionantes de exposición y de salud percibida, mediante cuestionario autoadministrado; indicadores biológicos de genotoxicidad: micronúcleos, aberraciones cromosómicas y ensayo cometa, y actividad de butirilcolinesterasa. Resultados: El 40% de los ACE tiene una antigüedad mayor de 10 años y casi el 50% reside a menos de 500 m de campos asperjados; reportan bajas tasas de uso de equipo de protección personal durante la mezcla, aplicación o reparación de equipos. Los síntomas generales, cardiorrespiratorios y dermatológicos fueron mayores entre los ACE (p <0,05), así como los indicadores de daño genotóxico (p <0,001). La actividad butirilcolinesterasa se asoció negativamente a niveles de exposición a plaguicidas. Conclusiones: Los ACE presentan un importante impacto negativo en la salud vinculado a la exposición a plaguicidas. Las escalas de exposición asociadas al uso de biomarcadores resultaron una herramienta útil para la vigilancia de la salud de los agroaplicadores


Objective: To assess the level of exposure to pesticides and its correlation with perceived health indicators and injury biomarkers (genotoxic alterations and those caused by butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activity) in the population of pesticide applicators in extensive crops (PAEC) in Córdoba, Argentina. Methods: Transversal study, in PAEC (n = 47) randomly selected from a sample of 2000, and non-exposed subject controls (n = 52). The sociodemographic variables, exposure conditioning, and perceived health were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire; biological indicators of genotoxicity: micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and kite assay, and butyrylcholinesterase activity. Results: 40% of PAEC have over 10 years' length of service and almost 50% of them reside less than 500 m from the sprinkled fields; they report low rates of personal protective equipment use while mixing, applying, or repairing the equipment. General, cardio-respiratory, and dermatological symptoms were greater among PAEC (p <0.05) as well as indicators of genotoxic injury (p <0.001). The butyrylcholinesterase activity was negatively associated with levels of exposure to pesticides. Conclusions: The PAEC show an important negative impact on health linked to exposure to pesticides. The exposure scales associated to the use of biomarkers were a useful tool for monitoring pesticide applicators' health


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Praguicidas/isolamento & purificação , Genotoxicidade/análise , Butirilcolinesterase/sangue , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles
11.
Eur. j. anat ; 23(3): 151-158, mayo 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-182976

RESUMO

The acute toxic effects of the acetyl cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticide, DDVP, following oral and dermal exposure are well recorded in literature. The ability of DDVP to easily vaporize makes the aero-nasal route a possible means of exposure, albeit chronically. This study aimed to describe the pathology, if any, of the heart, kidney and liver following chronic exposure to various concentrations of DDVP via inhalation.Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (A-F) of 10 rats each. Rats in Group A were exposed to distilled water only, while rats in groups B, C, D, E and F were exposed to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% v/v concentrated fumes of DDVP respectively. Duration of inhalational exposure was for 90 days. The heart, liver and kidney of the rats in the groups were extracted for routine histopathology. Organ pathologies were semi-quantitatively scored and analyzed across and between the 6 groups.Generally, lesions were of progressive severity with increasing concentrations of DDVP. Across the organs, pathology was related to altered vascular and degenerative changes. Specifically, the heart, kidney and liver showed shredding of cardiomyocytes, sloughing of renal tubular epithelial cells with dilated tubular lumina, and hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis respectively. Inflammatory changes were limited to the livers of rats exposed to 80 and 100% v/v DDVP.It was concluded that DDVP induced altered vascular and degenerative changes following chronic exposure via inhalation. Safer alternatives to aerosolized DDVP-containing insecticides are recommended for the control of arthropod vectors in enclosures


No disponible


Assuntos
Ratos , Diclorvós/efeitos adversos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Diclorvós/toxicidade , Miocárdio/patologia , Rim/patologia , Adenoma de Células Hepáticas/induzido quimicamente , Ratos Wistar , Miócitos Cardíacos/citologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos
12.
Int. microbiol ; 22(1): 111-120, mar. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184819

RESUMO

Plant-microbe interactions such as rhizobacteria legumes are interesting in organic farming that has undergone significant expansion in the world. The organic agriculture is as an environment-friendly technique and a sustainable alternative to intensive agricultural system. Three types of soil were chosen, organic (ORG), conventional (CON), and fallow land (NA) to isolate soil bacteria-nodulating Medicago sativa, in order to develop microbial inoculants for use in agricultural sustainable system. Soil analysis revealed significant higher amounts of total nitrogen, organic carbon, total phosphorus, and matter detected in ORG. As for heavy metals, ORG showed high Cu content due to the authorized chemical use in organic farming. A sample of 130 bacteria was isolated from Medicago sativa nodule, genetically characterized by PCR/RFLP of ribosomal 16S RNAs, and a great dominance of Sinorhizobium meliloti (88.4%, 73.8%, and 55.5%) is obtained among NA-, CON-, and ORG-managed soils, respectively. The ORG showed the high bacterial diversity with 13.3% of non-identified strains. The resistance against five pesticides (Prosper, Cuivox, Fungastop, Nimbecidine, and Maneb) revealed a maximum of inhibitory concentration about 10 mg l−1 of Prosper, 12 mg l−1 of Cuivox, 6 ml l−1 of Fungastop, 7.5 ml l−1of Nimbecidine, and 25 ml l−1 of Maneb. The analysis of the symbiotic properties and plant growth-promoting potential revealed two efficient strains significantly increased alfalfa dry weight through producing siderophores, phosphorus, and indole acetic acid (13.6 mg ml−1 and 19.9 mg ml−1 respectively). Hence, we identify two tolerant and efficient strains, Achromobacter spanium and Serratia plymuthica, isolated from Medicago sativa nodule with valuable potential able to phytostabilize pesticide-contaminated soils


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Assuntos
Medicago sativa/microbiologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Nódulos Radiculares de Plantas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Carbono/análise , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano , DNA Ribossômico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Simbiose
13.
Rev. toxicol ; 36(2): 142-147, 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191878

RESUMO

La enfermedad de Parkinson es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más común después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, afectando la calidad de vida, no sólo de la persona que lo padece, sino también la de su entorno familiar. Se ha sugerido la interacción entre la susceptibilidad genética con un 10 % y la exposición a factores ambientales en un 90 %; considerando los pesticidas como un factor de riesgo potencialmente alto debido a su toxicidad y efectos neurodegenerativos. San Juan Nepomuceno es un municipio cuya principal actividad económica es la agricultura y la ganadería; prácticas que requieren el uso de pesticidas como paraquat, glifosato, aminas y picloram; exponiendo de esta manera a los campesinos y otros habitantes del municipio a este tipo de sustancias. Este estudio de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la exposición a pesticidas y la prevalencia de enfermedad de Parkinson en el municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar; mediante un diseño epidemiológico observacional analítico de casos y controles. De esta manera, se busca reforzar las medidas preventivas sobre el uso de pesticidas para disminuir la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedad de Parkinson


Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, affecting the quality of life, not only of the person who suffers it, but also to their family surroundings. The interaction between genetic susceptibility with 10% and exposure to environmental factors by 90% has been suggested; considering pesticides as a potentially high risk factor due to its toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. San Juan Nepomuceno is a municipality whose main economic activity is agriculture and livestock; activities that require the use of pesticides such as paraquat, glyphosate, amines, picloram; exposing in this way, the farmers and other habitants of the municipality to this type of substances. The main objective of this research study is to determine the relationship between exposure to pesticides and the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno, Bolívar; considering an epidemiological observational analytical design of cases and controls. In this way, it seeks to strengthen preventive measures on the use of pesticides to reduce the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional , Doença de Parkinson/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia
17.
Rev. toxicol ; 35(2): 119-123, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-176874

RESUMO

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la epidemiología de los pacientes que se presentan con intoxicaciones agudas en los servicios de urgencias de los hospitales de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Medellín entre los años 2010 y 2013, con el propósito de mejorar el manejo de estos pacientes en los servicios de urgencias y contribuir con la actualización de protocolos y guías de atención institucional. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, que analizó variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes atendidos por intoxicación en los servicios de urgencias de instituciones de alta complejidad participantes de la ciudad de Medellín en un periodo de 4 años. Se realizó el análisis univariado y análisis bivariado con el fin de determinar la relación entre las variables. Como resultados, se incluyeron 244 pacientes intoxicados, con mediana para la edad de 28 años y rango intercuartílico igual a 26. La principal causa de toxicidad fue por intento suicida se presentó en el 60,2%(147) y 39,8%(97) fueron por intoxicaciones accidentales. Las sustancias más frecuentemente utilizadas fueron plaguicidas, analgésicos y psicofármacos. La proporción de letalidad fue de 3%(7), siendo más frecuente en los residentes en área rural (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La intoxicación con intención suicida es más frecuente que la accidental, afectando mayoritariamente a mujeres; implica sobre todo a plaguicidicas, rodenticidas y herbicidas, medicamentos de uso común (analgésicos) y medicamentos psiquiátricos (antidepresivos)


This work describe the epidemiology of patients presenting with acute poisonings to the emergency services of high level hospitals in the city of Medellín between 2010 and 2013, with the purpose of improving the management of these patients in the emergency services and contribute with updating protocols and institutional care guidelines. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, which analyzed epidemiological variables of patients treated for poisoning in the emergency services of the participating institutions of the city of Medellin over a period of 4 years. The SPSS v.21 and Epida v.3.1 programs were used to perform univariate analyzes to characterize and describe the study population and bivariate analysis in order to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: 244 intoxicated patients were included, with median for age of 28 years and interquartile range equal to 26. Of all causes, 60.2% (147) were due to suicide attempt and 39.8% (97) accidental. The most frequently used substances were pesticides, rodenticides and herbicides, commonly used medicines and psychiatric medicines. The lethality proportion was 3% (7), being more frequent among residents of the rural area (p <0.05). Conclusions: Intoxication with suicidal intention is more frequent than accidental poisoning, affecting mainly women; It mainly involves pesticides, rodenticides and herbicides, commonly used medicines (pain killers) and psychiatric drugs (antidepressants)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Overdose de Drogas/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Analgésicos Opioides/toxicidade , Tratamento de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos
18.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177560

RESUMO

Fundamentos:El hipospadias es la malformación congénita genital masculina más frecuente en niños, con una prevalencia de 1 cada 250 recién nacidos de sexo masculino. Se especula que pueden existir factores genéticos y/o medioambientales que predisponen a este defecto de virilización actuando como disruptores endocrinos (DE). El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los factores medio ambientales que puedan haber influido en el desarrollo del hipospadias en los niños tratados en el Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canarias en los años 2012-2015. Métodos:El presente estudio representa un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de hipospadias tratados en el Hospital Universitario Materno Infantil de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria entre el 2012 y el 2015, tras la revisión de las historias clínicas y la realización de una encuesta telefónica a los padres de los pacientes tratados. Para realizar el análisis estadístico de los datos, se utilizó el programa SPSS en la versión 15.0. El nivel de significación estadística se estableció para un error alfa=0.05. Se aplicó el test de chi cuadrado y la corrección de Fisher en caso de que fuera necesario para testar las asociaciones entre las variables cualitativas. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se trataron a 128 pacientes de los cuales se siguieron a 116. Si analizamos su distribución por años, el 33% de los pacientes fueron tratados en el año 2012, el 23% en el 2013, el 24% en el 2014 y el 20% en el 2015. En relación al nivel de estudio de la familia, el 45.5% de las madres tenían estudios primarios, el 37.5% estudios secundarios, el 15.2% estudios universitarios y el 1.8% eran estudiantes. En relación a los padres, el 54.3% tenían estudios primarios, el 32.4% estudios secundarios y el 13.3% estudios universitarios. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el municipio de residencia y el nivel de estudio de las madres (p=0,262) y de los padres (p=0,052). De los 116 pacientes analizados, 78 tenían antecedentes familiares directos con exposición a disruptores endocrinos. Conclusiones: La exposición a agentes químicos nocivos y pesticidas, cada vez más habitual en nuestra sociedad, constituye un factor de riesgo para el padecimiento de enfermedades del tracto urológico inferior como el hipospadias, por lo que se deberían tomar medidas de concienciación y prevención en el ámbito social y laboral frente a la exposición a dichos agentes


Background: Hypospadias represents the most frequent male congenital malformation in children, with a prevalence of 1 in 200-300 new born or 4-6 in 1000 male new born. Genetic and environmental factors play a strong role on developing this virilization defect acting as endocrinal disruptors (ED). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the environmental factors that may have influenced the development oh hypospadias in children treated at the Maternal and Child University Hospital od Las Palmas of Gran Canaria Island during the years 2012-2015. Methods: The present study represents a retrospective analysis of patients treated for hypospadias in the Maternal-Paediatric University Hospital of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria during 4 years (2012 -2015) by the use of medical records and telephone survey to families' patients. To perform the statistical analysis of the data, the SPSS program was used in version 15.0. The level of statistical significance was established for an error alfa = 0.05. The chi-square test and Fisher's correction were applied if necessary to test the associations between the qualitative variables. Results: From 2012 to 2015, 128 patients were treated; we could only follow 116 patients. If we analyse patients' distribution throught those years we can resume that 33% of them were treated in 2012, 23% in 2013, 24% in 2014 and 20% in 2015. We analyse the study background of both parents: 45.5% of mothers had primary studies, 37.5% had secundary studies, 15.2% had university studies and 1.8% were students; 54.3% of fathers had primary studies, 32.4% had secundary studies and 13.3% had university studies. We did not found any statistically significant diference between the place of residence and the study background both in mothers (p=0,262) and fathers (p=0,052). Within all the patients followed, 78 had a clinical history of exposition to ED as a direct family background. Conclusions: The chronical exposure to ED, very frequent in our society, is a very important risk factor in the development of urologic pathologies as hypospadias; for this reason, awareness measures and prevention in social areas and workplace must be carried out to avoid unnecessary exposures


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Hipospadia/epidemiologia , Disruptores Endócrinos/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Praguicidas/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anormalidades Congênitas/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
19.
Med. segur. trab ; 63(246): 68-84, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165044

RESUMO

Introducción: Varias exposiciones ocupacionales pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad de Parkinson. La exposición a pesticidas es un conocido factor de riesgo, pero no es suficiente para causar EP. Otros factores, como la susceptibilidad de diferentes variantes genéticas se cree son necesarias. Objetivo: Identificar la relación existente entre la exposición a pesticidas y la predisposición genética para la aparición de EP en el ámbito laboral. Concretar los genes y sus variables que pueden cambiar el riesgo de enfermar. Factores intrínsecos/extrínsecos que pueden influir en el desarrollo de EP. Actividades profesionales que incrementan el riego. Método: Revisión sistemática, realizada a través de búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 10 años en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (a través de Pubmed), LILACS, IBECS, Red SCIELO, BIBLIOTECA COCHRANE, utilizándose términos (MeSH terms). Se graduó el nivel de evidencia basado en los criterios SIGN. Resultados: Se recuperaron un total de 148 artículos. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión/ exclusión quedó una colección de 9. Todos fueron estudios de casos y controles, dos anidados en una cohorte. Los resultados obtenidos fueron estadísticamente significativos en relación a la variable estudiada. Conclusiones: En todos los artículos revisados se encontró asociación entre la variable genética estudiada, la exposición a pesticidas y el desarrollo de EP o descenso en la edad de aparición de EP con un alto nivel de evidencia (AU)


Introduction: Several occupational exposures may increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Exposure to pesticides is a known risk factor but is never enough to cause PD. Other factors, such as susceptibility of different genetic variants are believed to be necessary. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence between pesticides exposure and genetic predisposition for a PD outbreak at workplace. To specify genes and their variables that may change the risk of developing the disease. To identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence Parkinson’s disease risk. To know the professional activities that may increase the risk. Method: Bibliographic search for systematic review in scientific articles published over the last 10 years in the following databases: MEDLINE (through Pubmed), LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO Network, COCHRANE LIBRARY, using terms (MeSH terms). Level of evidence was based on the SIGN criteria. Results: We retrieved 148 articles. 9 articles remained after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles selected are case-control, two of them are case-control nested in a cohort. Results of all studies were statistically significant. Conclusions: An association between the genetic variable studied, pesticides exposure and the development of PD or a reduction of PD for all onset ages with a high level of evidence were found in all the articles reviewed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson Secundária/induzido quimicamente , Riscos Ocupacionais , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Exposição Ocupacional , Exposição a Produtos Químicos , Exposição Ambiental , Fatores de Risco , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença
20.
Rev. toxicol ; 33(1): 39-43, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153972

RESUMO

Los plaguicidas organofosforados (POF) poseen una acción anticolinesterásica utilizada como indicador de intoxicación crónica del trabajador agrícola por POF. En esta población, los POF pueden actuar como pro-oxidantes, afectando la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y probablemente generar daños crónicos. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la exposición ocupacional a POF sobre el daño oxidativo y actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en trabajadores agrícolas. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y comparativo en 45 trabajadores del Comité de Sanidad Vegetal de Durango A.C. (CESAVEDAC). Se evaluó la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa lipoperoxidación y capacidad antioxidante total en plasma, además de evaluar las concentraciones de colesterol, triglicéridos, glucosa. Resultados. El daño oxidativo se asocia a la exposición a POF (p=0.003) siendo 3.21 veces mayor el riesgo de desarrollar daño oxidativo en el grupo expuesto a POF, además existe una asociación entre la inhibición de acetilcolinesterasa y la exposición a POF (p=0.01) siendo 2.92 veces mayor el riesgo de presentar dicha inhibición con respecto al grupo no expuesto. Conclusiones. Existe una influencia negativa de la exposición ocupacional a POF sobre el daño oxidativo y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en la población de trabajadores agrícolas estudiada (AU)


Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are considered as negative risk factors for the health POF farm workers. The anticholinesterase action these compounds have been used as an indicator POF chronic OP poisoning. Some authors have suggested that agricultural workers in the Ops can act as pro-oxidants, affecting the activity POF antioxidant enzymes and generating chronic damage likely. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the influence POF occupational exposure to OPs in oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers Plant Health Committee POF Durango A.C (CESAVEDAC). Methodology. An observational, analytical, retrospective comparative study was conducted on 45 workers. The activity POF acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker POF toxicity assessed, indicator POF oxidative damage to lipid peroxidation antioxidant capability. Results. Was found that there is an association between oxidative damage and exposure to OPs (p = 0.003) being 3.21 times greater risk POF developing oxidative damage when it is exposed to OPs, moreover, there is an association between inhibition POF acetylcholinesterase and exposure to OPs (p = 0.01), 2.92 times higher risk POF show inhibition activity acetylcholinesterase when it is exposed to OPs Conclusions. There is a negative influence POF occupational exposure to OPs on oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/normas , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Acetilcolinesterase/toxicidade , Glucose/análise , Compostos Organofosforados/toxicidade , Inseticidas Organofosforados/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas Organofosforados/métodos , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Tiocolina/toxicidade
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