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1.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 40(3): 119-125, jul.-sep. 2023. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226273

RESUMO

Background and methodology: Air pollutants have a significant impact on public health. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure measured by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and the atmospheric pollutants that are measured regularly (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2). An observational study of temporal and geographic measurements of individual patients (case-time series design) was carried out in Primary Care Centres and Hypertension Units in the Barcelona metropolitan area. We included 2888 hypertensive patients≥18 years old, untreated, with a first valid ABPM performed between 2005 and 2014 and with at least one air pollution station within a radius of <3km. Results and conclusions: The mean age was 54.3 (SD 14.6) years. 50.1% were women and 16.9% of the sample were smokers. Mean 24-h blood pressure (BP) was 128.0 (12.7)/77.4 (9.7) mmHg. After adjusting for mean ambient temperature and different risk factors, a significant association was found between ambulatory diastolic BP (DBP) and PM10 concentrations the day before ABPM. For each increase of 10μg/m3 of PM10, an increase of 1.37mmHg 24-h DBP and 1.48mmHg daytime DBP was observed. No relationship was found between PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 and ambulatory BP, nor between any pollutant and clinical BP. The concentration of PM10 the day before the ABPM is significantly associated with an increase in 24-h DBP and daytime DBP. (AU)


Antecedentes y metodología: Los contaminantes aéreos tienen un impacto importante en la salud pública. El objetivo del estudio era conocer la relación entre la presión arterial ambulatoria medida mediante monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA) de 24h y los contaminantes atmosféricos que se miden regularmente (PM10, PM2,5, NO2 y SO2). Se realizó un estudio observacional de medidas temporales y geográficas de pacientes individuales (case-time series design) en centros de atención primaria y unidades de hipertensión del área metropolitana de Barcelona. Se incluyeron 2.888 pacientes hipertensos≥18 años, no tratados, con una primera MAPA válida realizada entre 2005-2014 y al menos con una estación de contaminación atmosférica en un radio<3km. Resultados y conclusiones: La media de edad fue de 54,3 (DE 14,6) años. El 50,1% eran mujeres y el 16,9% de la muestra eran fumadores. La presión arterial (PA) de 24h fue de 128,0 (12,7)/77,4 (9,7)mmHg. Tras ajustarse por la temperatura ambiental media y por los diferentes factores de riesgo se halló una asociación significativa entre PA diastólica (PAD) ambulatoria y las concentraciones de PM10 del día anterior a la MAPA. Por cada incremento de 10μg/m3 de PM10 se observaba un aumento de 1,37mmHg PAD 24h y de 1,48mmHg PAD diurna. No se halló relación entre PM2,5, NO2 y SO2 y PA ambulatoria, ni entre ningún contaminante y PA clínica. La concentración de PM10 del día anterior a la realización de la MAPA se asocia significativamente con un aumento de PAD 24h y PAD diurna. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pressão Arterial , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Temperatura , Espanha , Fatores de Risco
2.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 161(1): 11-19, July 2023. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222713

RESUMO

Se estudiaron pacientes con IC descompensada en urgencias de 4 hospitales de Barcelona y 3 de Madrid. Se recogieron datos clínicos (edad, sexo, comorbilidades, situación funcional basal), atmosféricos (temperatura, presión atmosférica) y de contaminantes (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, PM2,5) el día de atención en urgencias. La gravedad de la descompensación se estimó mediante la mortalidad a 7 días (indicador primario) y la necesidad de hospitalización, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y hospitalización prolongada (indicadores secundarios). Se investigó la asociación ajustada por datos clínicos, atmosféricos y ciudad entre concentración de contaminantes y gravedad, mediante regresión logística (asunción de linealidad) y curvas spline cúbicas restringidas (no asunción de linealidad). Resultados Se incluyeron 5.292 descompensaciones, con edad mediana de 83 años (RIC=76-88) y 56% mujeres. Las medianas (RIC) de los promedios diarios de contaminantes fueron: SO2=2,5μg/m3 (1,4-7,0), NO2=43μg/m3 (34-57), CO=0,48mg/m3 (0,35-0,63), O3=35μg/m3 (25-48), PM10=22μg/m3 (15-31) y PM2,5=12μg/m3 (8-17). La mortalidad a 7 días fue del 3,9%, y la hospitalización, la mortalidad intrahospitalaria y la hospitalización prolongada, del 78,9, 6,9 y 47,5%, respectivamente. El SO2 fue el único contaminante que mostró asociación lineal con la gravedad de la descompensación, ya que cada unidad de incremento supuso una OR para necesidad de hospitalización de 1,04 (IC 95% 1,01-1,08). El estudio mediante curvas spline cúbicas restringidas tampoco mostró asociaciones nítidas entre contaminantes y gravedad, excepto para SO2 y hospitalización, con OR de 1,55 (IC 95% 1,01-2,36) y de 2,71 (IC 95% 1,13-6,49) para concentraciones de 15 y 24μg/m3, respectivamente, en relación con una concentración de referencia de 5μg/m3 (AU)


Objectives To analyze whether the high levels of air pollutants are related to a greater severity of decompensated heart failure (HF). Method Patients diagnosed with decompensated HF in the emergency department of 4 hospitals in Barcelona and 3 in Madrid were included. Clinical data (age, sex, comorbidities, baseline functional status), atmospheric (temperature, atmospheric pressure) and pollutant data (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, PM2.5) were collected in the city on the day of emergency care. The severity of decompensation was estimated using 7-day mortality (primary indicator) and the need for hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged hospitalization (secondary indicators). The association adjusted for clinical, atmospheric and city data between pollutant concentration and severity was investigated using linear regression (linearity assumption) and restricted cubic spline curves (no linearity assumption). Results A total of 5292 decompensations were included, with a median age of 83 years (IQR=76-88) and 56% women. The medians (IQR) of the daily pollutant averages were: SO2=2.5μg/m3 (1.4-7.0), NO2=43μg/m3 (34-57), CO=0.48mg/m3 (0.35-0.63), O3=35μg/m3 (25-48), PM10=22μg/m3 (15-31) and PM2.5=12μg/m3 (8-17). Mortality at 7 days was 3.9%, and hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged hospitalization were 78.9, 6.9, and 47.5%, respectively. SO2 was the only pollutant that showed a linear association with the severity of decompensation, since each unit of increase implied an OR for the need for hospitalization of 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.08). The restricted cubic spline curves study also did not show clear associations between pollutants and severity, except for SO2 and hospitalization, with OR of 1.55 (95% CI 1.01-2.36) and 2.71 (95% CI 1.13-6.49) for concentrations of 15 and 24μg/m3, respectively, in relation to a reference concentration of 5μg/m3 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Poluição do Ar/análise , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37: 102282, 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217788

RESUMO

El Servicio Canario de la Salud es consciente de los riesgos para la salud derivados del cambio climático y de que los sistemas de salud deben ser, con su acción, parte de la solución y no parte del problema. Actualmente, el 4,4% de las emisiones mundiales de dióxido de carbono provienen de actividades relacionadas con el ámbito sanitario. Para dar respuesta a esta situación, el Servicio Canario de la Salud ha puesto en marcha la estrategia «Salud Zer0 Emisiones Netas 2030», con la que se pretende alcanzar la neutralidad en emisiones netas de carbono en el año 2030 aplicando medidas tanto directas como indirectas, en especial sobre la cadena de suministro del sistema público de salud de Canarias. Este proyecto es pionero en España y está sujeto a revisión continua, sumándose nuevas acciones concretas a la estrategia conforme se vaya cuantificando la huella de carbono de los diferentes procedimientos implicados en la prestación de servicios sanitarios. (AU)


The Canary Islands Health Service is aware of the health risks arising from climate change. So health systems must be, with their action, part of the solution, not part of the problem. Currently, 4.4% of global carbon dioxide emissions come from activities related to the health field. To respond to this situation, the Canary Islands Health Service has launched the “Carbon Net Zer0 2030” strategy intending to achieve neutrality in net carbon emissions in the year 2030, applying measures direct and indirect, especially on the supply chain of the public health system. This is a ground-breaking project in Spain and is under continuous review, adding new specific actions to the strategy as the carbon footprint of the different procedures involved in the provision of health services is quantified. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição Ambiental , Espanha , Mudança Climática , Aquecimento Global , Zoonoses , Serviços de Saúde
4.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(12): 1050-1058, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212938

RESUMO

El medioambiente es un gran determinante de la salud cardiovascular. La cardiología ambiental estudia la contribución de las exposiciones ambientales con el objetivo de minimizar las influencias nocivas de la contaminación y promover la salud cardiovascular mediante estrategias preventivas o terapéuticas específicas. La presente revisión se centra en el material particulado y los metales, contaminantes con la evidencia científica más sólida, e incluye las posibles intervenciones. La legislación, la mitigación y el control de los contaminantes en el aire, el agua y los alimentos y las políticas ambientales de espacios cardiosaludables son medidas clave para la salud cardiovascular. Entre las estrategias individuales, cabe reseñar la quelación de metales divalentes como el plomo y el cadmio, que solamente pueden eliminarse del cuerpo vía quelación. El ensayo clínico TACT (NCT00044213) demostró el beneficio cardiovascular en pacientes con un infarto de miocardio previo, especialmente en los diabéticos. Actualmente, el ensayo TACT2 (NCT02733185) está reproduciendo los resultados del TACT en personas con diabetes. Datos de Estados Unidos y Argentina también han mostrado la posible utilidad de la quelación en la enfermedad arterial periférica grave. Más investigación y acción en cardiología ambiental podría contribuir sustancialmente a mejorar la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.(AU)


The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Metais , Poluição do Ar , Material Particulado , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Poluentes da Água , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Cardiologia , Cardiopatias
7.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 33(6): 421-426, dic. 2021. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-216308

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre los niveles ambientales de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) y el número de consultas a urgencias por un episodio de agudización de asma bronquial en la población adulta de un entorno urbano con bajos niveles de contaminación. Método: Estudio ecológico retrospectivo de series temporales. Se consideraron las visitas por asma de pacientes mayores de 14 años que acudieron a un servicio de urgencias de forma consecutiva entre 2010 y 2018 (3.287 días). La asociación entre la concentración media de NO2 y el número diario de visitas a urgencias por asma se estudió mediante un modelo lineal generalizado con regresión de Poisson. Se evaluó el impacto en el riesgo individual mediante un análisis de casos cruzados. Se ajustó por las variables confusoras meteorológicas, se corrigió la estacionalidad mediante análisis de tendencias y se evaluaron tres lags temporales (0, 1 y 3 días). Resultados: Se analizaron 2.527 urgencias por asma correspondientes a 1.588 pacientes (edad media 51 ± 21 años, 70% mujeres). Hubo una asociación positiva significativa (riesgo relativo: RR = 1,056, IC 95%: 1,006-1,108; p < 0,05) entre la concentración de NO2 y un mayor riesgo de consulta a urgencias por asma a los 3 días. Un incremento de 10 μgr/m3 de NO2 explicó el 5,3% de las consultas (fracción atribuible: FA = 5,30, IC 95%: 0,60-9,75; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: El incremento de los niveles ambientales de NO2 se asocia con un mayor número de urgencias hospitalarias por exacerbación de asma en adultos en un entorno con baja contaminación. (AU)


Objectives: To analyze the association between atmospheric levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the number of visits by adults to an emergency department (ED) for exacerbated asthma in an urban area with low levels of air pollution. Material and methods: Retrospective ecological time-series study. We quantified ED visits for asthma by consecutive patients over the age of 14 years between 2010 and 2018 (3287 days). The association between the mean atmospheric concentration of NO2 and the number of daily visits to the ED for asthma was analyzed with generalized linear regression analysis (Poisson modeling). The impact of exposure on individual risk was assessed by crossover analysis of case periods. We adjusted for confounding meteorologic variables, potential variability due to seasonal changes was corrected by trend analysis, and 3 time lags were assessed (0, 1, and 3 days). Results: We analyzed 2527 asthma emergencies in 1588 patients (70% female) with a mean (SD) age of 51 (21) years. A significant positive association (relative risk, 1.056, 95% CI, 1.006-1.108; P .05) between atmospheric NO2 concentration and greater risk of visiting an ED within 3 days was detected. An increase of 10 µg/m3 of NO2 accounted for 5.3% of the visits (attributable fraction, 5.30, 95% CI, 0.60-9.75; P .05). Conclusion: In an urban area with low pollution levels, an elevation in atmospheric NO2 is associated with more hospital ED visits for asthma attacks in adults. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Asma/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Cross-Over , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Fatores de Tempo , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência
10.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 5(5): 535-553, mayo 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194127

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Presentar una revisión sistemática de estudios donde se evalúa el impacto provocado por los residuos sólidos urbanos generados en la Mixteca Oaxaqueña. RESULTADOS: El análisis de los resultados de investigación consultados en las bases de datos: Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe (Redalyc), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Dialnet, EBSCO y Consorcio Nacional de Recursos de Información Científica y Tecnológica (CONRICYT), ponen de manifiesto que la contaminación es un problema que se ha venido incrementando a nivel global gradualmente lo que ha derivado que exista presencia de organismos y sustancias extraños que interfieren y dañan la salud de las personas, los recursos naturales y el equilibrio ecológico; cabe mencionar que el impacto en las comunidades provocado por la generación y manejo de los residuos sólidos en forma inadecuada altera de forma importante el ecosistema de los lugares aledaños a los sitios de disposición final de dichos residuos. Es importante hacer notar que existe legislación en la materia y clasifica de forma puntual los diferentes sitios de disposición final y encomienda a los municipios llevar a cabo el manejo integral de los residuos sólidos urbanos pero dicha legislación no es aplicada en forma correcta a pesar de que esta problemática ha tomado mucha relevancia en las últimas dos décadas en los ámbitos gubernamentales. CONCLUSIONES: México tiene el reto de lograr resolver los problemas ambientales para lograr alcanzar un nivel de sustentabilidad y sostenibilidad a mediano plazo, las tasas de generación de residuos sólidos urbanos siguen aumentando por que se vive en una sociedad que ha modificado drásticamente sus hábitos de consumo. La degradación del medio ambiente y los recursos naturales para la región de la Mixteca Oaxaqueña está clasificada en rangos de inestable-crítico a crítico provocando que se ejerza presión sobre los recursos naturales, es por ello que se debe tener una adecuada gestión y disposición de los residuos sólidos urbanos, para lograrlo es preciso contar con el apoyo de la sociedad, gobiernos y sociedad en general, esta sinergia es necesaria para reducir la extracción de recursos empleados al producirlos obteniendo beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales a largo plazo para la región


OBJECTIVE: To present a systematic review of studies assessing the impact caused by municipal solid waste generated in the mixtec region of oaxaca. RESULTS: The analysis of the research results consulted in the databases: Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe (Redalyc), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Dialnet, EBSCO and Consorcio Nacional de Recursos de Información Científica y Tecnológica (CONRICYT), show that pollution is a problem that has been increasing at a global level gradually what has resulted in the presence of foreign organisms and substances that interfere with and damage people's health, natural resources and ecological balance; It is worth mentioning that the impact on the communities caused by the generation and management of solid waste in an inadequate manner significantly alters the ecosystem of the places adjacent to the final disposal sites of these wastes. It is important to note that there is legislation on the subject and classifies in a specific way the different final disposal sites and entrusts municipalities to carry out the integral management of urban solid waste but this legislation is not applied correctly despite the fact that this problem has become very relevant in the last two decades in government spheres. CONCLUSIONS: Mexico has the challenge of solving environmental problems to achieve a level of sustainability and sustainability in the medium term, the rates of generation of solid urban waste continue to increase because we live in a society that has drastically changed their consumption habits. The degradation of the environment and natural resources for the Mixteca Oaxaqueña region is classified in ranges from unstable-critical to critical, causing pressure to be exerted on the natural resources. This is why it is necessary to have adequate management and disposal of solid urban waste, to achieve this it is necessary to have the support of society, governments and society in general; this synergy is necessary to reduce the extraction of resources used to produce them, obtaining long-term economic, social and environmental benefits for the region


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Volume de Resíduos Sólidos/análise , México/epidemiologia , Gerenciamento de Resíduos/métodos , Poluentes do Solo/análise
11.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 48(2): 194-201, mar.-abr. 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-191825

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Data about the occurrence of airborne pollen enables the creation of pollen calendars with an approximation of flowering periods for the most common allergenic plant species in a specific area. The aim of this work is to provide pollen calendar for each of the seven monitoring regions of Portugal based on 15 years of airborne sampling, in order to chart the seasonal behaviour of the main allergenic pollen types. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Airborne pollen monitoring (2002-2017) was carried out by the Portuguese Aerobiology Network (RPA), using Hirst-type volumetric spore traps, following well-established guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 14 airborne pollen types were recorded at RPA monitoring stations, of which 64.2% belong to trees, 28.5% to herbs and 7.1% to weeds. The airborne pollen spectrum is dominated by important allergenic pollen types such as Poaceae, Quercus spp., Urticaceae and Cupressaceae. The average pollen index was 42.557 in mainland Portugal and 3.818 in the Islands. There was an increased trend in the airborne pollen levels over the years, namely in Coimbra, Évora and Porto, compared to the remaining regions. CONCLUSION: This report provides accessible information about the main allergenic airborne pollen types occurring in the course of the year. The pollen calendars charted for each Portuguese region showed that the occurrence of most allergenic taxa was centred from March to July. Pollen peak concentrations were detected earlier in the Centre and Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, and later in the remaining regions


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/imunologia , Alérgenos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Pólen/imunologia , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Alérgenos/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
12.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 219(5): 260-265, jun.-jul. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186562

RESUMO

El cambio climático consiste fundamentalmente en el calentamiento del planeta, que tiene lugar como consecuencia del llamado efecto invernadero. Ese efecto lo ocasionan determinados gases, entre los que destaca el anhídrido carbónico (CO2), producido principalmente durante la combustión de las fuentes de energía fósiles, como el carbón o el petróleo. El calentamiento del planeta supone una grave amenaza para la población del futuro, ya que puede ocasionar una considerable elevación del nivel del mar, una mayor frecuencia e intensidad de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, e incluso la desaparición de determinadas especies de animales y plantas. En el terreno de la salud es previsible que provoque un gran aumento de la incidencia de enfermedades como los golpes de calor o las infecciones trasmitidas por vectores, tal y como ya se está empezando a observar. Por ello todos los países del mundo deben adoptar las medidas necesarias para reducir drásticamente las emisiones de gases productores del efecto invernadero. Además, los profesionales de la salud debemos adoptar un papel activo, que ayude a concienciar a nuestra sociedad sobre la gravedad del problema, y que haga que los sistemas sanitarios estén suficientemente preparados para afrontar el incremento de enfermedades que es previsible que se produzca. En ese sentido, la Sociedad Española de Medina Interna ha decidido dar un paso al frente, con su incorporación al proyecto plurinacional Lancet Countdown. La Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna es la primera entidad española en sumarse a esa iniciativa


Climate change consists mainly of global warming, a result of the so-called greenhouse effect, which is caused by certain gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), produced mainly through the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. Global warming is a severe threat for future populations because it can cause a considerable rise in sea levels, a greater frequency and intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena and even the extinction of certain animal and plant species. In the field of health, global warming is predicted to cause a considerable increase in the incidence of diseases such as heat stroke and vector-borne infections, the start of which has already been observed. All countries of the world must therefore adopt the necessary measures to drastically reduce the emission of gases that produce a greenhouse effect. Additionally, healthcare practitioners should assume an active role in helping to raise awareness in our society about the severity of the problem and ensuring that healthcare systems are duly prepared to address the increase in disease rates predicted for global warming. The Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) has decided to step forward, with its incorporation into the multinational project Lancet Countdown. SEMI is the first Spanish organisation to join this initiative


Assuntos
Humanos , Mudança Climática/estatística & dados numéricos , Gases de Efeito Estufa/efeitos adversos , Doença Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Prevenção de Doenças , Estratégias de Saúde Globais , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Saúde Global/tendências
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(81): 21-29, ene.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184524

RESUMO

Objetivo: estudiar la relación existente entre los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos y los ingresos hospitalarios pediátricos totales y por patología respiratoria en particular. Pacientes y métodos: estudio ecológico en el cual la variable dependiente analizada han sido los ingresos pediátricos generales y aquellos por patología respiratoria, concretamente neumonías, crisis asmáticas y bronquiolitis, en un hospital del centro de Madrid durante seis años (2012-2017). Como variables independientes se estudiaron los valores promedio de contaminantes ambientales registrados en la ciudad de Madrid. Se calcularon coeficientes de correlación y regresión lineal múltiple. Se comparó el promedio de ingresos cuando los valores de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) eran superiores e inferiores a 40 µg/m3. Resultados: durante el periodo de tiempo estudiado se registraron 10 512 ingresos en Pediatría general, 5328 (50,68%) causados por procesos respiratorios. Se encontró una correlación entre los niveles de NO2, CO, benceno y los ingresos hospitalarios totales y respiratorios en todos los casos con un valor de p <0,0001. En la regresión lineal múltiple los ingresos totales se relacionaron con los niveles de NO2 positiva y negativamente con la temperatura, en relación con los ingresos respiratorios se incrementan con los niveles de NO2 y benceno y disminuyen con la temperatura. Se calculó que si los niveles de NO2 no hubieran superado en ningún mes los niveles de 40 µg/m3 se podrían haber evitado el 8,37% (IC 95: 7,77 a 8,98) de los ingresos totales y el 6,73% (IC 95: 6 a 7,52) de los ingresos respiratorios. Conclusiones: se encontró una relación entre los ingresos totales y por enfermedad respiratoria en la infancia y los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos, especialmente NO2. La mejora de la calidad del aire podría evitar un porcentaje significativo de ingresos pediátricos y propiciarla debería ser tarea prioritaria para los pediatras


Objective: to assess the association between levels of airborne pollutants and paediatric hospital admissions, overall and due to respiratory problems. Patients and methods: we conducted an ecological study in which the dependent variables were the number of total paediatric hospital admissions and the number of paediatric admissions due to respiratory problems, specifically pneumonia, asthma exacerbations and bronchiolitis, in a hospital located in the centre of Madrid over a period of 6 years (2012-2017). The independent variables were the mean levels of air pollutants recorded in the city of Madrid. We calculated correlation coefficients and fit multiple linear regression models. We compared the average number of admissions when the levels of nitrogen (NO2) were above and below 40 µg/m3. Results: in the period under study, there were 10 512 admissions to the general paediatrics ward, of which 5328 (50.68%) were due to respiratory problems. We found a correlation between the levels of NO2, CO, and benzene and the number of overall admissions and respiratory admissions, in every instance with a p-value of less than 0.0001. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the number of overall admissions was associated with NO2 levels (positively) and temperature (negatively), while respiratory admissions were associated to NO2 and benzene levels (positively) and temperature (negatively). We estimated that if the levels of NO2 had stayed below 40 µg/m3 throughout the study period, 8.37% (95 CI: 7.77 to 8.98) of total admissions and 6.73% (95 CI: 6 to 7.52) of respiratory admissions could have been avoided. Conclusions: we found an association between the number of admissions, overall and for respiratory causes, in the paediatric age group and the levels of air pollutants, especially NO2. Improving air quality could prevent a significant proportion of paediatric hospital admissions, and promoting this change should be a priority for paediatricians


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/isolamento & purificação , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Ecológicos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/prevenção & controle
14.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 29(5): 365-370, 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-188772

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Children with asthma experience recurrent respiratory symptoms and exacerbations due to multiple environmental factors. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and triggers of asthma exacerbations and their management in a cohort of pediatric patients attended in an emergency department (ED). METHODS: We performed an observational, retrospective, single-center study in the pediatric ED of Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain in 2015. Children with asthma exacerbations attending the ED were included after a thorough search using our institutional computer database. Pollen and atmospheric mold spore counts and pollution data were collected for that period from official websites. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between daily pollution (NO2, PM10, ozone, pollen, and molds) and admissions to the ED because of asthma. RESULTS: During 2015, a total of 50 619 patients were attended in the ED of our hospital. Of these, 2609 (5%) were diagnosed with asthma exacerbation/bronchospasm. The patient had to be admitted to hospital in 21.7% of cases. The main triggers of asthma exacerbations were respiratory infection in 1841 cases (70.6%). A significant correlation was found between grass pollen counts and ED admissions (P<.0001). A positive correlation was also found between ED admissions and NO2 0.58 (95%CI, 0.02-0.87) and PM10 0.75 (95%CI, 0.31-0.93) (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Environmental factors such as grass pollen counts and pollution (NO2 and PM10) are associated with a higher frequency of admission to the ED


INTRODUCCIÓN: Los niños con asma presentan síntomas respiratorios y exacerbaciones recurrentes debido a múltiples factores ambientales. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la prevalencia y los desencadenantes de las exacerbaciones del asma y su manejo en una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos atendidos en un servicio de urgencias (SU). MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, unicéntrico, dirigido en urgencias pediátricas del Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, España) en 2015. Los pacientes con diagnóstico de exacerbación de asma fueron seleccionados a partir de una búsqueda informática. La información referente a niveles de pólenes, hongos y contaminación fue recogida en portales digitales oficiales. Se realizó una regresión logística múltiple para evaluar la asociación entre la contaminación diaria (determinada por los niveles NO2, PM10, O3, recuentos de polen y hongos) y las admisiones por asma en el SU. RESULTADOS: En el 2015 fueron atendidos en urgencias pediátricas de nuestro hospital 50.619 niños. De estos, 2.609 (5%) tenían diagnóstico de exacerbación asmática/broncoespasmo. El 21,7% de los casos requirió ingreso. Los principales desencadenantes fueron las infecciones (70,6%). La relación entre picos de polinización de gramíneas y admisión en urgencias fue significativa (p<10-4). Igualmente una correlación positiva fue obtenida entre ingresos en el SU y NO2 0,58 (95% 0,02 a 0,87) y PM10 0,75 (95% 0,31 a 0,93) (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: Factores ambientales como el recuento de polen de gramíneas y partículas contaminantes (NO2, PM10) se asocian con un mayor número de episodios de broncoespasmo atendidos en urgencias


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/etiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores Etários , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Exposição Ambiental , Hospitalização , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Asma/diagnóstico , Progressão da Doença
15.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 76(3/4): 44-49, mar.-abr. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177392

RESUMO

Introducción: Es conocido el efecto perjudicial de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivos evaluar si los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en nuestro entorno cumplen lo recomendado por la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS) y valorar su posible relación con los ingresos pediátricos. Métodos: Como variables dependientes se han estudiado los ingresos pediátricos y, entre ellos, los producidos por patologías respiratorias (bronquiolitis, crisis asmáticas y neumonías) durante 49 meses en un hospital situado en el centro de una gran ciudad. Como variables independientes se estudiaron los valores de contaminación atmosférica. Se estimaron los coeficientes de correlación y regresión lineal múltiple. Se realizó un análisis mediante la prueba de la t de Student del promedio de ingresos cuando los valores de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) eran superiores e inferiores a 40 μg/m3. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado hubo 7.103 ingresos en pediatría general, 3.645 de ellos (51,32%) causados por procesos respiratorios. Se encontró una correlación entre el NO2 y los ingresos totales (0,771) y los de causa respiratoria (0,784), ambos con un valor de p < 0,0001. Al superar los niveles de NO2 por encima de 40 μg/m3, el número de ingresos es mayor para todos los grupos estudiados. En la regresión lineal los ingresos totales y los causados por crisis asmáticas se incrementan con los niveles de NO2 y disminuyen con la temperatura (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación entre los ingresos estudiados y los niveles de contaminación atmosférica, fundamentalmente de NO2, cuyos niveles sobrepasan los establecidos por la OMS. La disminución de estos niveles podría evitar un número significativo de ingresos pediátricos


Introduction: There is a well known relationship between air pollution and health. In this study, we aimed to establish a relationship between air pollution and pediatric hospital admissions. Methods: Admissions to the pediatric ward have been studied as dependent variables and within those admissions due to respiratory diseases: bronchiolitis, asthma and pneumonias, during 49 months at a hospital located in the center of a big city. As independent variables, air pollution values were studied. Reciprocity coefficients and multiple lineal regression were performed. A T Student analysis was applied regarding the average of admissions when values of NO2 were over and under 40 μg/m3. Results: During the length of our study there were 7,103 pediatric admissions, 3,645 (51.32%) of those were respiratory diseases. The strongest relationship was found is between levels of NO2 and total admissions (0.771), as well as with the admissions by respiratory causes (0.784), both with p < 0.0001. For NO2 levels higher than 40 μg/m3, the number of admissions was higher for every researched group. Conclusions: Levels of air pollution, mainly NO2, were associated with the amount of pediatric hospital admissions. Since NO2 levels exceed those established by the World Health Organization, the compliance of those levels could avoid pediatric admissions


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Poluição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Hospitalização , Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Modelos Lineares , Poluentes Ambientais , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Asma
16.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 53(11): 616-621, nov. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-168679

RESUMO

Objetivos: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia y una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. El presente trabajo analiza la relación de esta enfermedad con las variables meteorológicas y los niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos en Santander, atendiendo al origen y trayectoria de las masas de aire. Métodos: Se recogieron datos diarios de visitas a urgencias en el Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla de un periodo de 8 años, así como la concentración de los principales contaminantes atmosféricos y de las variables meteorológicas. Posteriormente se calcularon las retrotrayectorias con destino en Santander, a una altura de 1.500m sobre el nivel del terreno. Finalmente, se elaboró un modelo de correlación para evaluar el efecto de los contaminantes sobre las urgencias por EPOC. Resultados. Existe una asociación directa entre los niveles de PM10 y las urgencias por EPOC. Por cada 10 μg/m3 de aumento del contaminante, las urgencias incrementan un 3,34% (p = 0,00005), y el efecto se intensifica en las personas mayores de 74 años. Cuando los niveles de PM10 son dependientes de masas de aire procedentes del Sur, así como ante situaciones de recirculación, el efecto es mayor. Con el resto de contaminantes la relación con las urgencias no es estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: La exposición a PM10 provoca descompensaciones en los pacientes con EPOC. Atendiendo al patrón de circulación atmosférica se puede estimar si los niveles de PM10 van a ser elevados, y también se obtiene información sobre los componentes de las partículas (AU)


Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition and one of the leading causes of death. Our aim was to analyze the association between emergency room visits due to this disease and meteorological variables and atmospheric contaminant levels in Santander, depending on the origin and trajectory of air masses. Methods: Data from emergency room visits at Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla were collected on a daily basis during an 8-year period. Data on concentrations of the main atmospheric pollutants and meteorological variables were also recorded. Retro trajectories leading to Santander at a height of1,500 meters above sea level were then calculated. Finally, a correlation model was produced to evaluate the effect of the contaminants on emergency visits due to COPD. Results: There is a direct association between PM 10 levels and the number of visits to the emergency room due to COPD. For every 10μg/m3 increase in pollutant levels, emergency visits increase by 3.34% (p = 0.00005), and this effect is enhanced in individuals over 74 years of age. This effect is heightened when PM10 levels depend on air masses from the South and when air recirculation occurs. There is no association between other pollutants and the number of visits to the emergency room. Conclusions: Exposure to high levels of PM10 causes exacerbations in COPD patients. By studying the atmospheric circulation pattern, we can predict whether PM10 levels will be inappropriately high, and we can also obtain information about the particle components (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Poluição do Ar/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Climatografia
17.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 45(5): 473-481, sept.-oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-167002

RESUMO

Background. Although studies have reported an association between air pollutants and increased allergic airway diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. A limited number of studies have suggested that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) play a role in atopy and the pathogenesis of allergic upper airway diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DEP on inflammatory cytokine release, and mRNA expression of transcription factors such as JNK and NF-Beta in primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs), in vitro. Methods: NECs from non-atopic, non-rhinitic subjects (controls) and patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps were cultured and incubated with 0-100 μg/ml DEP for 24 h. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to assess the release of IL-8, GM-CSF, and RANTES, and mRNA expression for JNK and NF-κB, respectively. Results: Compared to control cells, NECs from subjects with atopic polyps released significantly greater amounts of IL-8 (median = 887 vs. 176.6 pg/μg cellular protein; p < 0.0001) and RANTES (median = 0.191 vs. 0.02 pg/μg cellular protein; p < 0.001). While 50 μg/ml DEP induced release of RANTES in NECs from patients with allergic rhinitis, 100 μg/ml DEP decreased IL-8 levels in NECs from both control and allergic rhinitic subjects. DEP did not affect mRNA expression for JNK and NF-κB from NECs of subjects with polyps. Conclusions: NECs from subjects with various pathologies may respond differently to DEP (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Citocinas/análise , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Pólipos Nasais/fisiopatologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Emissões de Veículos/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Rinite Alérgica/fisiopatologia , Células Epiteliais , Estudos de Casos e Controles
18.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 45(1): 48-54, ene.-feb. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-158974

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Food allergy affects around 6% of the European population and its prevalence worldwide has been increasing in the last decades, but studies focused on investigating food allergy epidemiology in Europe are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The Cibus project was created to register the main culprit foods and their clinical manifestations in food allergic patients in Catalonia. METHODS: A specific online database was designed. Allergists from eight different Catalan hospitals registered the new diagnoses of food allergy. RESULTS: 618 food allergic patients were included. Egg and milk were the main elicitors in the early ages, while fruits and nuts were the most frequent in patients >14 years old. Fish was more frequent in children, while seafood and Anisakis allergy were more frequent in the >14-year-old group. Overall, peach was the most prevalent food eliciting an allergic reaction (10%). Food allergy diagnosis was reached using compatible clinical history and positive skin prick test to the involved food in 98% of cases. Globally, urticaria was the most frequently reported manifestation in our population (48.2%), followed by oral allergy syndrome (25.6%) and anaphylaxis (24.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The Cibus project gives a full overview of the profile of food allergic patients in Catalonia and reinforces the predominance of plant food allergies in the Mediterranean area


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia , Urticária/epidemiologia , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Alérgenos/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Irritação da Pele/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise
19.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 37(1): 187-209, 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-160918

RESUMO

Una vez que el gobierno mexicano adoptó las políticas y soluciones esbozadas por organismos internacionales y países altamente industrializados, para combatir la contaminación atmosférica, en la década de l970, se pueden observar las controversias, derivadas del marco legislativo y administrativo, entre el sector salud, gestor de la calidad del aire, y los industriales, sobre los que recaían buena parte de las acciones contra la contaminación. La hipótesis es la siguiente: Los problemas actuales que enfrenta México en el manejo de la contaminación atmosférica persisten debido a que, desde sus orígenes cada sector no solamente estaba poco convencido de la relevancia del problema, sino que cada uno defendió particulares conceptos de contaminación, de gestión y uso de la tecnología, mediados por intereses económicos y políticos, que impidieron soluciones de raíz. Para confirmar lo anterior se analizan los discursos tanto de la Subsecretaria de Mejoramiento del Ambiente de la Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia, como de la Cámara Nacional de la Industria de Transformación y de la Subsecretaria de Industria de la Secretaría de Industria y Comercio, durante la «I Reunión Nacional sobre Problemas de Contaminación Ambiental», realizada en 1973, donde públicamente expusieron sus prioridades gremiales. Los resultados de esta investigación apuntan a comprender porque a más de cuarenta años de la institucionalización del manejo de la contaminación atmosférica en México permanece un discurso reduccionista donde el parque vehicular sigue siendo el principal responsable (AU)


n the l970s, the Mexican government adopted air pollution policies and solutions recommended by international organizations and applied in highly industrialized countries. However, this move was accompanied by controversies on the legislative and administrative framework involving healthcare, air quality management, and industrial sectors, with a large part of anti-pollution action being aimed at industry. Our hypothesis was that persistent problems with air pollution management in Mexico can be attributed to: the lack of belief in each sector on the importance of this issue from the very beginning; and the support by each sector for different concepts of pollution, management and the application of technology. Each stakeholder was driven by economic and political interests that prevented radical solutions. This hypothesis was tested by analysing speeches at the "1st National Meeting on Air Pollution Problems" in 1973, where the priorities of each sector were publicly stated by representatives from the Under-Secretariat for Environmental Improvement of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the National Chamber of Manufacturing Industry, and the Under-Secretariat of Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Results of this research help to explain why, despite the institutionalization of air pollution management in Mexico for more than 40 years, a simplistic discourse still prevails in which the vehicle park is considered the main cause of the problem


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XX , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluição Ambiental/história , Política Ambiental/história , Política Ambiental/legislação & jurisprudência , México/epidemiologia , Indústrias/normas , Ar/análise , Ar/normas , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos
20.
Int. microbiol ; 19(1): 1-13, mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-157079

RESUMO

The first part of this review (‘Monitoring of airborne biological particles in outdoor atmosphere. Part 1: Importance, variability and ratios’) describes the current knowledge on the major biological particles present in the air regarding their global distribution, concentrations, ratios and influence of meteorological factors in an attempt to provide a framework for monitoring their biodiversity and variability in such a singular environment as the atmosphere. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, pollen and fragments thereof are the most abundant microscopic biological particles in the air outdoors. Some of them can cause allergy and severe diseases in humans, other animals and plants, with the subsequent economic impact. Despite the harsh conditions, they can be found from land and sea surfaces to beyond the troposphere and have been proposed to play a role also in weather conditions and climate change by acting as nucleation particles and inducing water vapour condensation. In regards to their global distribution, marine environments act mostly as a source for bacteria while continents additionally provide fungal and pollen elements. Within terrestrial environments, their abundances and diversity seem to be influenced by the land-use type (rural, urban, coastal) and their particularities. Temporal variability has been observed for all these organisms, mostly triggered by global changes in temperature, relative humidity, et cetera. Local fluctuations in meteorological factors may also result in pronounced changes in the airbiota. Although biological particles can be transported several hundreds of meters from the original source, and even intercontinentally, the time and final distance travelled are strongly influenced by factors such as wind speed and direction (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluentes Biológicos , 32418/análise , Contaminação Biológica/análise , Genômica/métodos , Contagem de Partículas/métodos , Material Particulado/análise , Biota , Aerossóis/análise , Mudança Climática
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