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2.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(11): 717-724, nov. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227421

RESUMO

Introduction: There is still uncertainty about which aspects of cigarette smoking influence the risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to estimate the COPD risk as related to duration of use, intensity of use, lifetime tobacco consumption, age of smoking initiation and years of abstinence. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study based on data from the EPISCAN-II study (n=9092). All participants underwent a face-to-face interview and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70%. Parametric and nonparametric logistic regression models with generalized additive models were used. Results: 8819 persons were included; 858 with COPD and 7961 without COPD. The COPD risk increased with smoking duration up to ≥50 years [OR 3.5 (95% CI: 2.3–5.4)], with smoking intensity up to ≥39cig/day [OR 10.1 (95% CI: 5.3–18.4)] and with lifetime tobacco consumption up to >29 pack-years [OR 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1–4.8)]. The COPD risk for those who started smoking at 22 or later was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.4). The risk of COPD decreased with increasing years of cessation. In comparison with both never smokers and current smokers, the lowest risk of COPD was found after 15–25 years of abstinence. Conclusion: COPD risk increases with duration, intensity, and lifetime tobacco consumption and decreases importantly with years of abstinence. Age at smoking initiation shows no effect. After 15–25 years of cessation, COPD risk could be equal to that of a never smoker. This work suggests that the time it takes to develop COPD in a smoker is about 30 years. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Tabaco , Estudos Transversais , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Fatores de Risco , Espirometria
4.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 223(4): 216-222, abr. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218785

RESUMO

Introduction Air trapping is one of the main determinants of dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An increase in air trapping leads to a change in the normal diaphragmatic configuration with associated functional impairment. Said deterioration improves with bronchodilator therapy. Chest ultrasound (CU) has been used to assess changes in diaphragmatic motility after short-acting bronchodilator therapy, but there are no previous studies on these changes after long-acting bronchodilator treatment. Material and methods Interventional prospective study. Patients with COPD and moderate to very severe ventilatory obstruction were included in the study. Diaphragm motion and thickness were assessed by CU before and after 3 months of treatment with indacaterol/glycopirronium 85/43 mcg. Results Thirty patients were included (56.6% men, mean age: 69.4 ± 6.2 years). Pre- and post-treatment diaphragmatic mobility measured during resting breathing, deep breathing, and nasal sniffing were 19.9 ± 7.1 mm and 26.4 ± 8.7 mm (p < 0.0001); 42.5 ± 14.1 mm and 64.5 ± 25.9 mm (p < 0.0001); and 36.5 ± 17.4 mm and 46.7 ± 18.5 mm (p = 0.012), respectively. A significant improvement was also found in the minimum and maximum diaphragm thickness (p < 0.05), but there were no significant changes in the diaphragmatic shortening fraction after treatment (p = 0.341). Conclusions Treatment with indacaterol/glycopyrronium 85/43 mcg every 24 hours for 3 months improved diaphragmatic mobility in patients with COPD with moderate to very severe airway obstruction. CU may be useful for assessing the response to treatment in these patients (AU)


Introducción El atrapamiento aéreo en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es uno de los principales responsables de la disnea en estos enfermos. Su incremento conlleva que el diafragma pierda su configuración habitual y se afecte así su funcionalidad, la cual parece mejorar tras la administración de terapia broncodilatadora. La ecografía torácica (ET) se ha utilizado para evaluar estos cambios tras el uso de broncodilatadores de acción corta, pero no hay estudios que valoren estas variaciones con el empleo de broncodilatadores de acción larga. Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo intervencionista de 3 meses de seguimiento donde se valoró el movimiento/grosor diafragmático con ET antes y después del inicio del tratamiento con indacaterol/glicopirronio 85/43 mcg en pacientes EPOC con obstrucción moderada-muy grave al flujo aéreo. Resultados Treinta pacientes fueron incluidos (56,6% hombres, edad media: 69,4 ± 6,2 años). La movilidad diafragmática pre y postratamiento en respiración a volumen corriente, profunda y sniff nasal fue de 19,9 ± 7,1 mm y 26,4 ± 8,7 mm (p < 0,0001), 42,5 ± 14,1 mm y 64,5 ± 25,9 mm (p < 0,0001) y 36,5 ± 17,4 mm y 46,7 ± 18,5 mm (p = 0,012), respectivamente. También existió una mejora significativa en el grosor diafragmático mínimo y máximo (p < 0,05) pero no en la fracción de engrosamiento diafragmático tras tratamiento (p = 0,341). Conclusione El tratamiento con indacaterol/glicopirronio 85/43 mcg cada 24 horas durante 3 meses mejoró la movilidad diafragmática en paciente con EPOC con obstrucción moderada-muy grave al flujo aéreo. La ET puede ser útil en la valoración de la repuesta al tratamiento de estos pacientes (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Glicopirrolato/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Cobre/uso terapêutico , Diafragma/diagnóstico por imagem , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(3): 142-151, mar. 2023. ilus, tab, graf, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216955

RESUMO

Introduction: We aim to describe the changes in prevalence and risk factors associated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain, comparing three population-based studies conducted in three timepoints. Methods: We compared participants from IBERPOC conducted in 1997, EPISCAN conducted in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. COPD was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity) ratio <0.70, according to GOLD criteria; subsequently, also as the FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal (LLN). Results: COPD prevalence in the population between 40 and 69 years decreased from 21.6% (95% CI 20.7%–23.2%) in 1997 to 8.8% (95% CI 8.2%–9.5%) in 2017, a 59.2% decline (p<0.001). In 2007, the prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI 6.8%–8.7%) with an upward trend of 1.1 percentage points in 2017 (p=0.073). Overall COPD prevalence decreased in men and women, although a significant increase was observed in the last decade in females (p<0.05). Current smokers significantly increased in the last decades (25.4% in 1997, 29.1% in 2007 and 23.4% in 2017; p<0.001). Regrettably, COPD underdiagnosis was constantly high, 77.6% in 1997, 78.4% in 2007, and to 78.2% in 2017 (p=0.95), higher in younger ages (40–49 yrs and 50–59 yrs) and also higher in women than in men in all three studies (p<0.05). Conclusions: We report a significant reduction of 59.2% in the prevalence of COPD in Spain from 1997 to 2017 in subjects aged 40–69 years. Our study highlights the significant underdiagnosis of COPD, particularly sustained in women and younger populations. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Fatores de Risco , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Prevalência , Espirometria
6.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 33(6): 446-456, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228626

RESUMO

Background: Positive bronchodilator reversibility (BDR) is a diagnostic criterion for asthma. However, patients with asthma may exhibit a negative BDR response. Aim: To describe the frequency of positive and negative BDR response in patients with severe asthma and study associations with phenotypic characteristics. Methods: A positive BDR response was defined as an increase in FEV1 >200 mL and >12% upon testing with a short-acting ß-agonist. Results: BDR data were available for 793 of the 2013 patients included in the German Asthma Net (GAN) severe asthma registry. Of these, 250 (31.5%) had a positive BDR response and 543 (68.5%) a negative BDR response. Comorbidities significantly associated with a negative response were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (28.0% vs 40.0%, P<.01) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (0.4% vs 3.0%; P<.05), while smoking history (active: 2.8% vs 2.2%; ex: 40.0% vs 41.7%) and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (5.2% vs 7.2%) were similar in both groups. Patients with a positive BDR response had worse asthma control (median Asthma Control Questionnaire 5 score, 3.4 vs 3.0, P<.05), more frequently reported dyspnea at rest (26.8% vs 16.4%, P<.001) and chest tightness (36.4% vs 26.2%, P<.001), and had more severe airway obstruction at baseline (FEV1% predicted, 56 vs 64, P<.001) and higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels (41 vs 33 ppb, P<0.05). There were no differences in diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, single breath (% pred, 70% vs 71%). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified an association between positive BDR response and lower baseline FEV1% (P<.001) and chest tightness (P<.05) and a negative association between BDR and GERD (P<.05). Conclusion: In this real-life setting, most patients with severe asthma had a negative BDR response. Interestingly, this was not associated with smoking history or COPD, but with lower FeNO and presence of GERD. (AU)


Antecedentes: La reversibilidad broncodilatadora (RB) positiva es un criterio diagnóstico para el asma. Sin embargo, los pacientes con asma pueden presentar una prueba RB negativa. Objetivos: Describir la frecuencia de RB positivas y negativas en pacientes con asma grave y sus asociaciones con características fenotípicas. Métodos: La RB positiva se definió como un aumento del FEV1 > 200 ml y > 12% tras la inhalación de un agonista beta de acción corta (SABA). Resultados: De 2013 pacientes incluidos en el registro de asma grave del German Asthma Net (GAN), 793 tenían datos sobre RB. De estos, 250 (31,5%) tuvieron una prueba RB positiva y 543 (68,5%) negativa. Las comorbilidades significativamente asociadas con RB negativa fueron el reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) (28,0% frente a 40,0%, p<0,01) y EGPA (0,4% frente a 3,0%; p<0,05), mientras que el antecedente de tabaquismo (activo: 2,8% frente a 2,2%; exfumador: 40,0% vs. 41,7%) y la comorbilidad de la EPOC (5,2% vs. 7,2%) fueron similares en ambos grupos. Los pacientes con RB positiva tenían peor control del asma (mediana ACQ-5 3,4 vs. 3,0, p<0,05), más disnea en reposo (26,8% vs. 16,4%, p<0,001) y mayor opresión torácica (36,4% vs. 26,2%, p<0,001), además presentaban una obstrucción de las vías respiratorias más grave al inicio del estudio (FEV1% pred: 56 frente a 64, p<0,001) y niveles más altos de FeNO (41 frente a 33 ppb, p<0,05), mientras que la capacidad de difusión fue similar (DLCO-SB% pred. 70% vs. 71%). El análisis de regresión lineal multivariable identificó una asociación de FEV1% basal inferior (p<0,001) y opresión torácica (p<0,05) con RB positiva y ERGE (p<0,05) con RB negativa. Conclusión: En este entorno en vida real, la mayoría de los pacientes con asma grave tuvieron una RB negativa. Curiosamente, esto no se asoció con antecedentes de tabaquismo o EPOC, sino con FeNO más bajo y presencia de ERGE. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss , Granulomatose com Poliangiite , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologia , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico
7.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 50(SP3): 10-16, 23 nov. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219080

RESUMO

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Spirometry is the traditional test for assessing lung function, while impulse oscillometrics is an alternative resource that measures the impedance of the respiratory system. Objective: : To evaluate the pulmonary function of children and adolescents with asthma by impulse oscillometry and correlate the findings with those obtained by spirometry. Methods: A cross-sectional study in which the pulmonary function of asthmatic children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years was evaluated, categorized by the level of disease control according to the Asthma Control Test (ACT) or Children Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) into controlled (ACT/C-ACT>19; n = 70) and uncontrolled (ACT/C-ACT ≤ 19; n = 60). Results: A total of 130 asthmatic children and adolescents were evaluated (51% were males). There were no significant differences in the parameter values of both tests when patients were divided by the level of asthma control. Altered impulse oscillometry and spirometry were performed in 20 and 25% of the cases, respectively. Changes in impulse oscillometry were more frequent in patients with controlled asthma. R5 (%), X5 (%), and Fres showed moderate correlation with the main spirometric parameters, being stronger between X5 (%) and FEV1/FVC (%) (r: -0,58; P < 0,05) in patients with controlled asthma. Bronchodilator response was observed in a similar number of patients in both exams, but with reasonable agreement. Conclusions: Impulse oscillometry values showed a weak or moderate correlation with spirometry values (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Oscilometria , Espirometria
8.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 50(5): 1-6, sept. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-208620

RESUMO

Introduction: Nonatopic asthmatic patients generally have more severe clinical manifestations, frequently accompanied by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps, with more limited therapeutic options as compared to atopic asthmatic patients. This has led to a search for novel thera-peutic approaches, including omalizumab, for nonatopic asthmatic patients who are not ade-quately controlled with current therapies.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study undertaken between August 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, at a tertiary allergy clinic, data from 61 patients with nonatopic asthma inadequately controlled with optimum therapy was examined.Results: A total of 61 patients with severe asthma were included in the study [Female: 48 (78.7%), male: 13 (21.3%, mean age: 49 (18–71) years]. The mean duration of asthma was 60 (18–160) months. A statistically significant increase in Forced expiratory volume (FEV1per sec-ond), forced vital capacity (FVC), and asthma control test (ACT) scores were found after 1 year of omalizumab treatment (p < 0.001, for all parameters). Omalizumab treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the number of asthma exacerbations, asthma-related hospitalizations, duration of hospitalizations, and several unplanned emergency room visits after 1 year (p < 0.001, for all parameters). A 1-year treatment with omalizumab led to signif-icant changes in eosinophil counts and serum IgE levels (p < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: In the severe atopic asthma patient group, omalizumab treatment provided similar clinical benefits to those observed in patients with severe atopic asthma, suggesting that it may be a useful therapeutic option in patients with nonatopic asthma who failed to benefit from treatments with steps 4 and 5 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Omalizumab/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos
9.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 49(3): 131-137, mayo 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-214274

RESUMO

Introduction and objective: Asthma, is the most common chronic inflammatory disease in childhood period. It can affect the daily life to an advanced level and may become vital. The purpose of this study is to compare physical fitness and anaerobic capacity in asthmatic children (AC) and non-asthmatic children (NC). Materials and methods: A total of 47 children participated in the study; 25 individuals with mild to moderate asthma and 22 healthy children were assessed. The assessed variables consist pulmonary function and peripheral muscle strength (PMS). Additionally, physical fitness was evaluated by using fitnessgram test battery, which includes body composition, modified shuttle walk test (MSWT), curl-up test, push-up test, and sit and reach test variables. Anaerobic capacity was measured with wingate anaerobic capacity test (WAnT) and counter-movement jump (CMJ) using a tri-axial accelerometer. Results: FEV1/FVC ratio (p = 0.01), MSWT (p = 0.001), push-up test (p = 0.01), and WAnT peak power (p = 0.05) were measured significantly to be found reduced in AC compared with that of NC. Between the two groups, PMS, curl-up test, sit and reach test, and CMJ were not significantly different (p = 0.05). High to moderate positive correlation was found among WAnT, CMJ parameters and FEV1, fat-free body mass (FFM), dominant handgrip, and quadriceps strengths (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Physical fitness level and anaerobic capacity were lower in AC compared with that of NC. Physical fitness parameters and anaerobic exercise capacity should be evaluated on the physiotherapy and rehabilitation program in AC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/fisiopatologia , Força Muscular , Limiar Anaeróbio , Composição Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Força da Mão , Músculo Quadríceps , Capacidade Vital , Teste de Caminhada
10.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 31(6): 471-480, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-216774

RESUMO

Background: Data on risk factors for uncontrolled asthma in preschool children are controversial. Objective: This study aims to explore the association between clinical and functional parameters and the lack of asthma control in preschool children. Methods: Children aged 3-5 years with asthma and healthy controls were recruited. A questionnaire was used to identify potential risk factors for uncontrolled asthma, as defined by the Global INitiative for Asthma criteria. Lung function and bronchial reversibility were evaluated through impulse oscillometry and spirometry. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated based on multivariable generalized additive regression models. The discriminative ability of the models was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: The study population comprised 121 children (107 with asthma and 14 healthy controls). Fifty-three patients (50%) had uncontrolled asthma. After adjustment, the variables associated with an increased risk of lack of control were as follows: “More than 3 flare-ups in the last 12 months”, “Moderate to severe rhinitis”, and “Relative variation in postbronchodilator FVC and FEV1”. The AUC of the final models that included variation in FVC or FEV1 were 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. The R5-20, R5-20%, and AX z-score values of the healthy group were lower than those of children with asthma. Conclusion: In preschool children, clinical and functional parameters are associated with uncontrolled asthma. More studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of impulse oscillometry (AU)


Antecedentes: Existe controversia sobre los factores de riesgo de asma no controlada en niños en edad preescolar. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la asociación entre los parámetros clínicos y funcionales y la falta de control del asmaen niños en edad preescolar. Métodos: Se reclutaron niños de 3-5 años con asma y controles sanos. Se utilizó un cuestionario para identificar los posibles factores de riesgo de asma no controlada según lo definido por los criterios de la GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma [Iniciativa global para el asma]).La función pulmonar y la reversibilidad bronquial se evaluaron mediante oscilometría de impulsos (IOS) y espirometría. Los odds ratios ajustados (OR) se estimaron en base a modelos de regresión aditiva generalizada multivariable. La capacidad discriminativa de los modelos se midió por el área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor (AUC). Resultados: Se incluyeron 121 niños, 107 de los cuales tenían asma y 14 eran controles sanos. Cincuenta y tres pacientes (50%) tenían asma no controlada. Después del ajuste, las variables asociadas con un mayor riesgo de falta de control fueron: "Más de 3 reagudizaciones en los últimos 12 meses", "rinitis moderada a grave"y "variación relativa en FVC y FEV1 después del broncodilatador". El AUC de los modelos finales que incluyeron variación de la FVC o FEV1 fueron 0,82 y 0,81, respectivamente. Los valores de R5-20, R5-20% y AX z-score del grupo sano fueron más bajos que los de los niños con asma. Conclusión: En niños en edad preescolar, los parámetros clínicos y funcionales están asociados con el asma no controlada. Se necesitan más estudios para confirmar la utilidad del IOS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/prevenção & controle , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Testes de Função Respiratória , Oscilometria , Razão de Chances , Espirometria , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais
12.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; 29(1): 34-41, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192281

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la variación temporal de los valores espirométricos según la altitud geográfica de la sede laboral en un grupo de trabajadores de una minera. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal que usó los valores de espirometría tomados en varios años a trabajadores de dos sedes, una a nivel del mar y otra en gran altura de la serranía peruana. Se usó los valores del volumen espiratorio forzado al primer segundo (VEF1), la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) e índice TIffeneau (VEF1/CVF). Se analizó con modelos que permiten ajustar por el tiempo (PA-GEE), con familia Gaussian, función de enlace identity y modelos robustos, la variable tiempo fue el año de la toma de espirometría. Se encontró los valores p y signos de coeficiente en cada caso. RESULTADOS: De 1349 registros el 86% (1162) fueron varones, la mediana de las edades fue 35 años (rango intercuartílico: 22-66 años). En el análisis multivariado se encontró que hubo una variación en los valores del VEF1 y CVF, estos aumentaron en los hombres, entre los que tenían mayor estatura y en los operarios, pero disminuyeron conforme aumentaba la edad del trabajador. El índice TIffeneau únicamente disminuía según la edad del trabajador, ajustado por todas las variables mencionadas. CONCLUSIONES: Según lo analizado, el cambio en los valores espirométricos está influido por las variables socio-antropométricas y el tipo de trabajo que realizan. Esto debe ser aplicado para el seguimiento de trabajadores que estén expuestos a condiciones similares, como parte de programas de vigilancia ocupacional


OBJECTIVE: To determine the temporal variation in spirometric values according to the geographical altitude of labor location on a group of mining workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal study using spirometry values of workers taken several years at two locations, one at sea level and another at high altitude in the Peruvian highlands. The values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) were used. It were analyzed with models that adjust for time (PA-GEE), with Gaussian family, identity link function and robust models, the time variable was the year of spirometry take. P value and coefficients were used in each case. RESULTS: From 1349 records, 86% (1162) were male, the median age was 35 years (interquartile range: 22-66). In multivariate analysis we found that there was a variation in the values of FEV1 and FVC, these increased in men, among those with greater stature and operators, but decreased with increasing age of the worker. The Tiffeneau index decreased only according to age of the worker, adjusted for all variables. CONCLUSIONS: According to these data, the change in spirometric values is influenced by the socio-anthropometric variables and the type of work they do. This must be applied for monitoring of employees who are exposed to similar conditions, as part of occupational surveillance programs


Assuntos
Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Capacidade Vital/fisiologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Altitude , Estudos Longitudinais , Espirometria , Peru
13.
O.F.I.L ; 30(4): 283-290, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-197503

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most serious and frequent hereditary autosomal disease that causes respiratory, hepatic and pancreatic dysfunction. The aim of the study was to assess the pharmaceutical and medical cost in CF outpatients from the Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit at third level hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study in adult CF patients throughout the year 2017. Demographic and clinical variables were included. All of the medical variables considered were directly related to the disease. Considered cost were laboratory selling price notified in Nomenclator. Medical costs were calculated based on laboratory's price list and hospital medical procedures. RESULTS: 89 CF patients enter the study, and 57 patients were finally included. The mean age was 32.5 years, 56.1% were female. 36.5% patients were homozygous for Phe508del, 40.4% heterozygous, and 22.8% had another mutation. The average FEV1 was 72.2%. 33.3% patients were colonized by sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and 7.0% by multidrug-resistant PA. Total costs per year was EUR 623,981.3, (87.6% drug costs and 12.4% medical costs). Medical, drug and total costs were higher in Phe508del/Phe508del mutation group than Phe508del/other and other/other (p < 0.05). Microbial colonization increased costs (p < 0.05); colonized by sensitive PA had statistically significant higher drug and total costs, similar in multidrug resistant PA. Medical costs increase with severity level of lung function (p = 0.001), also drug and total costs with the exception of severe patients. CF is a relative costly disease for the healthcare system. In our study homozygous Phe508del mutation patients, lows values of FEV1 and colonization had higher cost


INTRODUCCIÓN: La fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad autosómica hereditaria más grave y frecuente que cursa con disfunción respiratoria, hepática y pancreática. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el coste farmacéutico y médico directo en pacientes ambulatorios de FQ de la Unidad de Fibrosis Quística de Adultos en un hospital de tercer nivel. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en pacientes adultos con FQ a lo largo del año 2017. Se recogieron variables demográficas y clínicas. Todas las variables médicas consideradas estaban directamente relacionadas con la enfermedad. Los costes considerados fueron los precios de venta de laboratorio notificado en Nomenclator. Los costes médicos se calcularon en base a la lista de precios del laboratorio y los procedimientos médicos hospitalarios. RESULTADOS: Se realizó el screening en 89 pacientes con FQ, y finalmente se incluyeron 57 pacientes. La edad media fue de 32,5 años, el 56,1% eran mujeres. El 36,5% de los pacientes eran homocigotos para Phe508del, el 40,4% heterocigoto y el 22,8% tenían otra mutación. El FEV1 medio fue de 72,2%. El 33,3% de los pacientes estaban colonizados por Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) sensibles y 7,0% por PA multirresistentes. Los costes totales anuales fueron de 623.981,3 euros (87,6% de costes de medicamentos y 12,4% de gastos médicos directos). Los costes médicos, farmacéuticos y totales fueron mayores en el grupo de mutación Phe508del/Phe508del, que en Phe508del/otro y otros (p < 0.05). La colonización microbiana aumentó los costes (p < 0,05); la colonización por PA sensibles supuso costes más altos de fármacos y totales, de manera similar para PA multirresistentes, todas las diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los costes médicos aumentaron con el nivel de gravedad de la función pulmonar (p < 0,001), también los costes de medicamentos y totales, con la excepción de los pacientes más graves. CONCLUSIÓN: La CF es una enfermedad relativamente costosa para el sistema de salud. En nuestro estudio, los pacientes con mutación homocigota Phe508del, los valores bajos de FEV1 y la colonización tuvieron un costo más alto


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Fibrose Cística/economia , Assistência Ambulatorial/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Atenção Terciária à Saúde/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fibrose Cística/terapia , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Mutação , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha
14.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(10): 519-525, oct. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-186201

RESUMO

Objective: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of specific organic antigens or low-molecular weight substances in genetically susceptible individuals. Although small airway involvement is prominent in patients with chronic HP, conventional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are relatively insensitive to identify it. Thus, the authors aimed to evaluate resistance (R5) and reactance (X5) values at 5Hz on inspiration, expiration, and whole breath, as well as small airway resistance (R5-19) values using a forced oscillation technique (FOT) in patients with chronic HP, and their responses after bronchodilator. In addition, R5 and X5 values according to the presence or absence of mosaic attenuation on computed tomography (CT) were compared. Methods: PFTs with plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and FOT measurements were performed pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator. High-resolution CT was performed at the same visit, and classified according to the presence or absence of mosaic attenuation. R5 and X5 values were then compared according to the presence or absence of mosaic attenuation on CT. Results: Twenty-eight patients with chronic HP (57.1% female; mean age, 56 ± 11.5 years; mean forced vital capacity 57 ± 17% predicted) were evaluated. All patients had low X5 values, reflecting lower lung compliance, and only three (8%) demonstrated elevated R5 (whole-breath) values. No patients exhibited bronchodilator response in R5, X5 and R5-19 values. In patients who exhibited greater extension of mosaic attenuation (n = 11), R5 and X5 values could not discriminate those with a greater presence of these areas on CT. Conclusions: The results suggest that FOT does not help to additionally characterise concomitant small airway involvement in patients with chronic fibrotic HP who demonstrate restrictive ventilatory pattern in conventional PFTs. Nevertheless, FOT appeared to better characterise decreased lung compliance due to fibrosis through X5. Bronchodilator therapy did not appear to induce an acute response in chronic HP patients with restrictive disease. The precise role of FOT in subacute HP and obstructive chronic HP, therefore, must be evaluated


Objetivo: La neumonitis por hipersensibilidad (HP) es una enfermedad pulmonar intersticial causada por la inhalación de antígenos orgánicos específicos o sustancias de bajo peso molecular en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Aunque la implicación de las vías aéreas pequeñas es típica en pacientes con HP crónica, a las pruebas habituales de función pulmonar (PFP) les falta sensibilidad para detectarla. El objetivo fue evaluar los valores de resistencia (R5) y de reactancia (X5) a 5Hz durante la inspiración, la espiración y el ciclo completo, así como los valores de resistencia de las vías aéreas pequeñas y las respuestas tras broncodilatador. Para ello se utilizó la técnica de oscilación forzada (TOF) en pacientes con HP crónica. Además, se comprobaron los valores R5 y X5, de acuerdo con la presencia o ausencia de patrones de atenuación en mosaico mediante tomografía computarizada (TC). Métodos: Se evaluaron las PFP con pletismografía, la capacidad de difusión pulmonar para el monóxido de carbono (DLCO) y la TOF antes y después de broncodilatador (pre- y posbroncodilatador, respectivamente). La TC de alta resolución se realizó en la misma visita, y los resultados se clasificaron en función de la presencia o ausencia de patrones de atenuación en mosaico. Resultados: Se evaluaron 28 pacientes con HP crónica (57,1% mujeres; edad media: 56 ± 11,5 años; capacidad vital forzada media estimada: 57 ± 17%). Todos los pacientes tuvieron valores X5 bajos, indicativo de una distensibilidad pulmonar baja, y solo 3 (8%) presentaron valores elevados de R5 (respiración completa). Ningún paciente exhibió respuesta broncodilatadora en valores R5, X5 y R5-19. Los valores de R5 y X5 no permitieron discriminar a aquellos pacientes que presentaron patrón de atenuación en mosaico extenso en la TC (n = 11). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la TOF no proporciona información extra en la caracterización de la implicación concomitante de las vías aéreas pequeñas en pacientes con HP crónica que presentan patrones ventilatorios restrictivos en PFP convencionales. Sin embargo, la TOF parece permitir una mejor caracterización de la disminución de la distensibilidad pulmonar debido a fibrosis a través del valor X5. La terapia broncodilatadora no indujo respuesta aguda en pacientes con HP crónica y enfermedad restrictiva. Por tanto, se debe evaluar el papel específico de la TOF en la HP subaguda y la HP obstructiva crónica


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Alveolite Alérgica Extrínseca/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória/instrumentação , Capacidade Vital , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão , Pletismografia , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Oscilometria
15.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 200-206, jul.-ago. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183096

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: La determinación de las presiones respiratorias máximas es un procedimiento no invasivo de gran utilidad clínica para la evaluación de la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios. El objetivo es analizar en qué medida las ecuaciones predictivas existentes para población española, se ajustan a los valores observados de presión inspiratoria y espiratoria máximas (PEM y PIM) en una muestra de sujetos adultos sanos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal en el que se reclutaron 63 sujetos sanos mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorizado simple entre la comunidad universitaria de la Universidade da Coruña. Las presiones respiratorias máximas se efectuaron con un transductor de presiones conectado a una boquilla de submarinista, siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR). Se compararon los resultados con las ecuaciones de Morales de 1997. Resultados: Se presentan los datos de 24 mujeres y 39 hombres (45,94 ± 16,71 años). Existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las mujeres de -19,08 ± 23,57 cmH2O y de -28,13 ± 29,93 cmH2O para la PIM y la PEM, respectivamente, entre el valor observado y el valor predicho. Asimismo, en el caso de los hombres se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de -25,18 ± 24,31 cmH2O para la PIM y de -39,53 ± 44,38 cm H2O para la PEM. Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones predictivas disponibles para las presiones respiratorias máximas sobreestiman considerablemente los valores alcanzados de la PIM y la PEM. Los resultados del presente estudio ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar nuevas ecuaciones de referencia a través de un estudio multicéntrico representativo de toda la población española


Background and aim: The determination of maximal respiratory pressures is a non-invasive process of high clinical value for assessing respiratory muscle strength. The aim is to analyse to what extent the existing predictive equations for the Spanish population are adjusted to the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) values observed in a sample of healthy adult subjects. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 63 healthy subjects recruited from the A Coruña University community using a simple random probabilistic method. Maximal respiratory pressures were performed using a pressure transducer connected to a scuba mouthpiece according to the standards of Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). The results were compared with predictive equations proposed by Morales in 1997. Results: The study included the results from 24 females and 39 males (45.94 ± 16.71 years). Females showed a statically significant difference between the observed and predictive values, with -19.08 ± 23.57 cm H2O and -28.13 ± 29.93 cm H2O for MIP and MEP. A statistically significant difference was also observed for males with -25.18 ± 24.31 cm H2O for MIP and -39.53 ± 44.38 cm H2O for MEP. Conclusions: Predictive equations to calculate the theoretical values of maximal respiratory pressures in a healthy Spanish adult population overestimate considerably the real values of MIP and MEP. The results of this study highlight the need to create new reference equations by conducting a multicentre study representative of the entire Spanish population


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pressões Respiratórias Máximas/métodos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiologia , Atividade Motora , Pressões Respiratórias Máximas/instrumentação , Antropometria , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Espirometria/métodos
16.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(4): 208-213, abr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181512

RESUMO

Introducción: El asma se caracteriza por una inflamación crónica de las vías respiratorias centrales y distales. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar la vía aérea pequeña (VAP) en niños con asma moderada y/o grave con FEV1 normal. Métodos: Estudio abierto, prospectivo, observacional y transversal con inclusión consecutiva de casos con asma moderada o grave, bajo tratamiento clínico habitual con FEV1 basal normal. Se ha determinado la FEno a flujos múltiples (CAno), resistencias y reactancia oscilatorias (R5-R20, X5), espirometría forzada (FEV1, FEF25-75), pletismografía corporal total (RV/TLC) y prueba de broncodilatación. La afectación de la VAP se definió por: Cano > 4,5 ppb, R5-R20 > 0,147kPa/L/s, X5 <-0,18kPa/L, FEF25-75 < -1,65 z-score, RV/TL > 33%. El mal control de asma se definió por ≤ 19 puntos en el cuestionario ACT o ≤ 20 en c-ACT. Resultados: Cohorte de 100 casos, 76 con asma moderada y 24 con asma grave, 71 niños clasificados como mal controlados y 29 bien controlados. El 77,78% del grupo con todas las determinaciones correctas (n =7 2) mostró ≥ 1 parámetro alterado de VAP y el 48,61% ≥ 2 parámetros. No hubo diferencias entre los casos bien y mal controlados. Conclusiones: Los niños con asma moderada y grave, con el FEV1 preservado, muestran un fenotipo de VAP disfuncionante. En nuestra muestra, la evaluación de la VAP mediante las técnicas descritas, no aporta información sobre el control habitual de la enfermedad


Introduction: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the central and distal airways. The aim of this study was to assess the small airway (SA) of children with moderate-severe asthma with normal FEV1. Methods: This was an open-label, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study with consecutive inclusion of patients with moderate-severe asthma, receiving standard clinical treatment, with normal baseline FEV1. We determined multiflow FEno (CAno), oscillatory resistance and reactance (R5-R20, X5), forced spirometry (FEV1, FEF25-75), total body plethysmography (RV/TLC) and bronchodilation test. SA involvement was defined as: Cano > 4.5 ppb, R5-R20 > 0.147kPa/L/s, X5< -0.18kPa/L, FEF25-75 < -1.65 z-score, RV/TLC > 33%. Poor asthma control was defined as ≤ 19 points on the ACT questionnaire or ≤ 20 on the c-ACT. Results: In a cohort of 100 cases, 76 had moderate asthma and 24 had severe asthma; 71 children were classified as poorly controlled and 29 were well-controlled. In total, 77.78% of the group with all the correct determinations (n=72) showed ≥ 1 altered SA parameter and 48.61% ≥ 2 parameters. There were no differences between well-controlled or poorly controlled cases. Conclusions: Children with moderate-severe asthma, with normal FEV1, show a phenotype of dysfunctional SA. In our series, the evaluation of SA using the techniques described above did not provide information on disease control


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/fisiopatologia , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/fisiopatologia , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Testes Respiratórios/métodos
17.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 45(1): 15-22, ene.-feb. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188043

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Estimar el efecto de una intervención educativa breve dirigida a mejorar la técnica de uso de dispositivos de inhalación sobre la reducción del número de agudizaciones en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) durante un año. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con diseño en paralelo y triple ciego. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN: edad entre 40-75 años, diagnóstico de EPOC y tratamiento con inhaladores. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente a 97 pacientes. Asignación aleatoria estratificada por gravedad espirométrica a 2 grupos: grupo intervención (GI): evaluación de técnica inhalatoria, corrección de errores y visita refuerzo a los 2 y 7 meses, y grupo control (GC): evaluación de técnica inhalatoria y citación anual. Se realizó medición de las agudizaciones a los 12 meses. Variables estudiadas: sociodemográficas, nivel de estudios, IMC, tabaquismo, grado de disnea, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, estadio de EPOC, índice BODEX, técnica inhalatoria, agudizaciones previas. Se realizó análisis mediante inferencia bayesiana utilizando modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta y seis pacientes fueron asignados al GI y 41 al GC. Hubo 16 y 14 pérdidas, respectivamente. En el GI agudizaron el 44,6% de los pacientes frente al 56,1% en el GC, OR ajustada = 0,57 (ICred 95%: 0,22-1,22). Probabilidad posterior OR < 1 = 93%. Las agudizaciones que requirieron ingreso hospitalario presentan un OR = 0,21 (ICred 95%: 0,02-0,76) con probabilidad posterior OR < 1 = 99%. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención educativa muestra eficacia en la reducción del número de agudizaciones


OBJECTIVE: To predict the effect of a brief educational intervention aimed at improving the inhaler technique on the reduction of exacerbations in patients with COPD over a year. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: A triple blind, randomised controlled clinical trial with parallel design. Inclusion criteria: to be between 40-75 years, having been diagnosed with COPD, and being on treatment with inhalers. A total of 97 patients were randomly selected. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to their functional severity measured with spirometry. Intervention group: evaluation of the inhalation technique. Their mistakes were corrected using a brief educational intervention. Reinforcement visits were made in the second and seventh month. CONTROL GROUP: evaluation of the inhalation technique. No educational intervention was made. After 1 year of follow-up, the number of exacerbations in each group was checked. Variables measured: social and demographic, study, dyspnoea level, body-mass index, tobacco use, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, COPD stage, BODEX index, number, type, and inhaler technique, number of previous exacerbations. Bayesian inference analysis was performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were assigned to de intervention group and 41 to the control one. There were 16 and 14 lost to follow-up, respectively. In the intervention group, 44.6% of the patients had an exacerbation, compared to the control group, with 56.1%. OR adjusted = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.22-1.22). Posterior probability OR < 1 = 93%. Exacerbations which required hospital admission had an OR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.02-0.75) with posterior probability OR < 1= 99%. CONCLUSIONS: A brief educational technique is an effective method for reducing the number of exacerbations in patients with COPD


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Teorema de Bayes , Método Duplo-Cego , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Modelos Logísticos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espirometria
20.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(7): 365-370, jul. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-176185

RESUMO

Introduction: In the new GOLD classification the reduction of FEV1, expressed as percentage of predicted value (FEV1PP), is considered an important prognostic factor. However, the use of FEV1PP may introduce bias, especially if based on equations derived from populations different from the one under study. We evaluated how well the GOLD classification stratifies the mortality risk when FEV1PP is based on an equation developed in the same population that gave rise to cases, externally developed equations, or as FEV1 divided by cubed height (FEV1/Ht3). Methods: We studied 882 participants aged ≥65 years. Bronchial obstruction was defined using a fixed cut-off of 0.7 for FEV1/FVC. Predicted values of FEV1 were derived from equations based on the same sample of the cases included in this study and from the European Respiratory Society equations. Severity of bronchial obstruction was also classified according to quartiles of FEV1/Ht3. Results: All the classification systems showed a non-statistically significant linear tendency with 5-years mortality risk. For the 15-years mortality, the linear trend across severity stages is more evident for GOLD classifications, with significant increments in the hazard ratio. Stratification by FEV1/Ht3 could better discriminate the functional status of participants. Conclusion: The severity of bronchial obstruction according to GOLD classes may stratify mortality risk better than quartiles of FEV1/Ht3, whereas the second seems to be more suited to stratify the risk of clinical outcomes. Concerns about the use of externally developed reference values to calculate FEV1PP do not seem confirmed, at least for GOLD classification


Introducción: En la nueva clasificación GOLD, la reducción del FEV1 expresada como porcentaje del valor predicho (FEV1PP) se considera un factor pronóstico importante. Sin embargo, usar el FEV1PP puede introducir sesgos, especialmente si se basa en ecuaciones derivadas de poblaciones diferentes de la que se estudia. Se ha evaluado cómo de adecuadamente estratifica GOLD el riesgo de mortalidad cuando el FEV1PP se basa en una ecuación desarrollada con la misma población en la que se dieron los casos, usando ecuaciones desarrolladas externamente, o con el FEV1 dividido por la altura al cubo (FEV1/A3). Métodos: Estudiamos a 882 participantes de edad ≥ 65 años. La obstrucción bronquial se definió utilizando un punto de corte fijo de 0,7 para FEV1/FVC. Los valores pronosticados de FEV1 se derivaron de ecuaciones basadas en la misma muestra de los casos incluidos en este estudio y de las ecuaciones de la European Respiratory Society. La gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial también se clasificó de acuerdo con los cuartiles de FEV1/A3. Resultados: Todos los sistemas de clasificación mostraron una tendencia lineal estadísticamente no significativa en el riesgo de mortalidad a 5 años. Para la mortalidad a 15 años, la tendencia lineal a través de los diferentes estadios de gravedad es más evidente para los estadios GOLD, con incrementos significativos en la razón de riesgo. La estratificación por FEV1/A3 podría discriminar mejor el estado funcional de los participantes. Conclusión: La gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial según la estadificación GOLD puede estratificar mejor el riesgo de mortalidad que los cuartiles de FEV1/A3. Sin embargo, lo segundo parece el método más adecuado para estratificar el riesgo de resultados clínicos. Las reticencias respecto al uso de valores de referencia desarrollados externamente para calcular FEV1PP no parecen confirmarse, al menos para la clasificación GOLD


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/complicações , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/classificação , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/mortalidade
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