Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on human sperm function / Efectos de la terapia de fotobiomodulación en la función del esperma humano

Introduction: Sperm motility is a crucial factor in male infertility and it depends on mitochondrial tail movements. Photobiomodulation light therapy allows the cells to produce their energy through activation of the mitochondria. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of photobiomodulation on sperm motility in astenozoospermic individuals. Materials and methods: Following semen analyses of 20 astenozoospermic individuals, collected semen samples were centrifuged. Pellet was obtained and homogenized through mixing with culture media in 1:1 ratio. Each semen samples were divided into 3 groups. In the first group, control samples were not exposed to laser irradiation. The Group 2 and Group 3 were exposed to 650nm wavelength of photobiomodulation from 10cm distance in dark environment via a 36cm2 aperture sizer with 200mW output power for 30 and 60min duration, respectively. Sperm motilities were evaluated and chromatin condensation of sperms was determined. Results: Sperm motilities were significantly increased in photobiomodulation groups compared with the controls. Sperm motilities tended to be different between the 30 and 60min red light exposure groups; however, it was not statistically significant. When the motility grades were compared, no significant difference was observed in non-progressive motility sperms. While immotile sperms decreased significantly in the photobiomodulation groups compared to the control group, progressive sperms increased. (AU)

Introducción: La motilidad espermática es un factor crucial en la infertilidad masculina y depende de los movimientos de la cola mitocondrial. La fototerapia de fotobiomodulación permite que las células produzcan su energía a través de la activación de las mitocondrias. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar el impacto de la fotobiomodulación en la motilidad de los espermatozoides en individuos astenozoospérmicos. Materiales y métodos: Luego de los análisis de semen de 20 individuos astenozoospérmicos, se centrifugaron las muestras de semen recolectadas. Se obtuvo el sedimento y se homogeneizó mezclándolo con medios de cultivo en una proporción de 1:1. Cada muestra de semen se dividió en 3 grupos. En el primer grupo, las muestras de control no se expusieron a la irradiación láser. El grupo 2 y el grupo 3 fueron expuestos a una longitud de onda de 650nm de fotobiomodulación desde una distancia de 10cm en un ambiente oscuro a través de un medidor de apertura de 36cm2 con una potencia de salida de 200mW durante 30 y 60min de duración, respectivamente. Se evaluaron las motilidades de los espermatozoides y se determinó el tamaño de la cromatina de los espermatozoides. Resultados: La motilidad de los espermatozoides aumentó significativamente en los grupos de fotobiomodulación en comparación con los controles. La motilidad de los espermatozoides tendió a ser diferente entre los grupos de exposición a la luz roja de 30 y 60min; sin embargo, no fue estadísticamente significativo. Cuando se compararon los grados de motilidad, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los espermatozoides de motilidad no progresiva. Mientras que los espermatozoides inmóviles disminuyeron significativamente en los grupos de fotobiomodulación en comparación con el grupo de control, los espermatozoides progresivos aumentaron. (AU)

Efficacy of the laser at low intensity on primary burning oral syndrome: a systematic review / Eficacia del láser a baja intensidad en el síndrome oral ardiente primario: una revisión sistemática

Background: Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic clinical condition of idiopathic mainly char-acterized by pain and a burning sensation in the oral cavity. The application of laser at low intensity therapy is atreatment option. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of laser therapy in treating symptoms of burningmouth syndrome.Material and Methods: The study was formulated according to the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Seven da-tabases were used as primary sources of research. Only randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Theefficacy of the therapy was estimated comparing the values of the visual and numerical scales of pain before andafter laser treatment, through qualitative analysis.Results: The search resulted in 348 records and only eight filled the eligibility criteria and were included. All stud-ies evaluated pain and / or a burning sensation considering a time interval of two to ten weeks. The total sampleconsisted of 314 patients submitted to treatment: 123 from the control group, who participated with laser off orwith the tip blocked, and 191 from the intervention group, treated with low-level laser therapy. The female genderstood out and the average age of the participants was 60.89 years. The main symptoms reported were pain and aburning sensation in the oral mucosa and tongue. The parameters adopted by the authors for laser treatment werediverse and the variables were not fully described in the published studies. Visual analog and numerical scaleswere used to assess symptoms and only three studies showed statistical significance.Conclusions: It is suggested that laser therapy may be an effective alternative in the treatment of BMS. New ran-domized clinical trials should consider well-established protocols to better understand the efficacy of laser therapywithout confounding the effects.(AU)

Láser de baja potencia para tratar la alopecia androgénica / Low-Level Laser Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia

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Evaluation of the salivary function of patients in treatment with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer submitted to photobiomodulation

BACKGROUND: Head and neck radiotherapy is typically associated with toxicities that can have profound effects on the patient's quality of life. Xerostomia, which may or may not be related to hypofunction of the salivary gland, leading to negative consequences, mainly in quality of life, leaving patients more susceptible to the development of oral mucositis, dental caries, oral infection and difficulties in speech is one of the most common side effects of such treatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate salivary function of patients in treatment with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer submitted to photobiomodulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out in the Dentistry Department of the Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco between February and September 2019. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 23 patients of both genders, treated with radiotherapy for cancer in the head and neck region. The patients were submitted to photobiomodulation with infrared laser, as intraoral applications in order to prevent mucositis and extraoral applications to stimulate salivary glands. The applications were undertaken three times a week on alternate days throughout the radiotherapy period. The following parameters were used: Intraoral 15mW, 12J / cm2, 10s / point, 2.4 J / point, and extraoral 30mW, 7.5J / cm2, 10s / point, 0.3J / point, both with a wavelength of 830nm and area of 0.028cm². Subjective and objective symptoms were evaluated by measuring the unstimulated salivary flow (USF) using the spitting technique before, during and after radiotherapy treatment. For statistical analysis, a significance level of 5% was adopted. Most patients were male (70%) with 60 years of age on average. At the beginning of treatment, 22 patients had USF > 0.2 ml / min (grade 1), at the end of which 15 patients remained unchanged and only 3 patients progressed to grade 3. As for the subjective classification, most (52%) remained in grade 1 (absence of disability) throughout the treatment. CONCLUSION: Based upon the results of this study it was possible to conclude that the use of photobiomodulation did not significantly interfere with the xerostomia complaint of patients in treatment with radiotherapy, however, it does seem to prevent patients from reaching higher degrees of xerostomia taking into account salivary flow measures

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Prostate enucleation, better with low or high-power holmium laser? A systematic review / Enucleación prostática, de alta y baja potencia con laser holmium. Revisión sistemática

OBJECTIVE: To assess current efficacy and safety of low power HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) for the treatment of obstructing and symptomatic prostatic adenomas and to identify the mechanisms supporting the related clinical advantages. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using relevant databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences), employing ("low power" OR "high power") AND ("HoLEP" OR "holmium laser enucleation of the prostate") as search terms. Inherent publications were selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additionally, the reference lists of the selected papers were checked manually. RESULTS: We included any kind of study (n=15) dealing with low power HoLEP because of the scarcity of the results obtained with the bibliographic search. Low power HoLEP seems to be fully comparable to the traditional high power HoLEP in terms of feasibility, efficacy and safety. An additional clinical advantage of the low power approach might be the reduced incidence of postoperative dysuria, with limited intensity and duration, possibly due to the decreased amount of energy delivered to the capsular plane with a less aggressive modality, conjugated with appropriate technical enucleative choices. The physical rationale of low power HoLEP is discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Low power HoLEP is feasible, safe and effective, and might play a not exclusive role in the reduction of incidence, intensity and duration of postoperative dysuria

OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia y seguridad de el holmium de baja potencia en el tratamiento de adenomas prostáticos obstructivos y identificar los mecanismos de soporte relacionados con las ventajas clínicas. MÉTODOS: Una revisión sistemática utilizando las bases de datos más relevantes fue conducida (Ovid Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences). Se utilizaron alta y baja potencia y HOLEP como palabras de búsqueda. Las publicaciones fueron seleccionadas según PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó cualquier estudio (n=15) relacionado con baja potencia HOLEP dados los pocos resultados obtenidos con la búsqueda. HOLEP de baja potencia para ser totalmente comparable al HOLEP tradicional de alta potencia en términos de eficacia y seguridad. Una ventaja clínica adicional del de baja potencia es que parece reducir la disuria postoperatoria con intensidad limitada y de más corta duración, probablemente debido a la menor energía recibida por la capsula prostática, así como por el uso conjugado de las técnicas enucleación correctas. El racional para el HOLEP de baja potencia se discutirá en el manuscrito. CONCLUSIONES: El HOLEP de baja potencia es seguro y efectivo y parece reducir la incidencia, intensidad y duración de la disuria postoperatoria

Photobiomodulation therapy for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children: clinical effectiveness and parental satisfaction

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MiRAS) in children, in terms of pain relief, lesion size reduction and the parental satisfaction of the therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study was carried out on 60 children with clinical diagnosis of MiRAS. Patients were randomized into two groups: group A receiving laser therapy and group B receiving sham therapy (placebo). Laser therapy (diode laser, Lamba: 645 nm) was administered on day 1 (T0) for three consecutive days. Patients were evaluated also on day 4 (T1), on day 7 (T2) and on day 10 (T3). Oral aphthous lesions size was assessed through a periodontal probe to measure the diameter length (mm); pain was evaluated through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); parental satisfaction was assessed through a questionnaire. RESULTS: The difference in the reduction of ulcers diameters between the two groups resulted statistically significant at T1 and at T2 (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference in pain reduction between two groups was found at T1 (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference between the two groups of parents was found as concerns the parental acceptance of the procedure and the discomfort for the need of multiple appointments. CONCLUSIONS: PBMT is to be considered effective in the treatment of MiRAS in children and well-accepted by the parents of the children themselves

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Evaluation of effectiveness of photobiostimulation in alleviating side effects after dental implant surgery. A randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: To assess if photobiostimulation (PBS) alleviates pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty subjects (27 male and 33 female, with a mean age of 47,13 8.05 years) were included and randomly assigned to experimental group (implant surgery and photobiostimulation), placebo group (implant surgery and simulated photobiostimulation) and control group (implant surgery only). INCLUSION CRITERIA: subjects older than 20 years, with a healthy oral mucosa and requiring implant surgery. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: pregnancy, history of implant failure, light sensitivity, metabolic deseases, consumption of antibiotics or corticosteroids in the last two weeks, smokers and alcohol drinkers. Patients reported the pain experienced by using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and from day 2 to 7. Swelling score was assessed by linear measurements and type and number of analgesic drugs within each time-point were recorded on a spreadsheet. Data of pain and amount of swelling were compared among the three groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and post-hoc comparisons tests. RESULTS: Pain in the experimental group was less compared to controls and placebo group, at each time intervals (p < 0.001) as well as the maximum pain score (experimental group: median = 2, interquartile range 2-3; control group: median = 8, interquartile range 3,75-9; placebo group: median = 8, interquartile range 6,25-9). Swelling was almost insignificant in the experimental group (maximum value = 1, interquartile range 0-2,75, at 24 hours) compared with control (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8,75, at 24 hours) and placebo (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8, at 24 hours). Subjects in the experimental group assumed less analgesics compared to both controls and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: Photobiostimulation is an effective method to reduce pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery

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Efficacy of the photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) - in terms of pain and of quality of life- in patients affected by burning mouth syndrome (BMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was designed as a randomised double-blinded prospective study. Patients diagnosed with BMS in the period from June 2015 to June 2018 were recruited. The patients were randomised into two groups and each received treatment once a week for ten weeks: group A received laser therapy (K Laser Cube 3(R)) while group B was given sham therapy (placebo). Pain was evaluated through the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and quality of life was assessed with the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Assessment was done at baseline and after every therapy session. The researchers were blind to the randomised allocations. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were analysed. Group A (laser treatment) was composed of 43 patients while group B (sham therapy) of 42 patients. Patients treated with PBMT showed a significant decrease in symptoms (p = 0.0008) and improved quality of life related to oral health (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: PBMT has demonstrated to have a positive effect in relieving BMS symptoms and in improving a patient's overall quality of life

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Low level laser therapy for treatment of temporomandibular joint arthritis

Background. Many studies have reported significant pain reduction with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in acute and chronic mus-culoskeletal pain conditions. Objective. The purpose of this study is to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of LLLT for treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis. Methodology. This was a clinical trial that included 20 patients with TMJ arthritis. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 10 each. Patients of the first group were subjected to LLLT during four weeks, together with standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) treatment for TMJ arthritis. Patients were evaluated before treatment (T1), after six sessions of laser therapy (T2), after 12 laser applications (T3), and 1 month after the last application (T4). Patients of the second group received only standard NSAIDs treatment for TMJ arthritis. They were evaluated at the same intervals of the first group. At each evaluation, the maximum mouth opening was measured by a millimeter ruler, and patients were asked about the presence or absence TMJ pain. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to quantify pain at palpation. Results. All participants were males, and aged between 41 and 70 years old. In LLLT and NSAIDs group follow up of maximum mouth opening in mm showed a significant improvement. The same significant improvement was noted in NSAIDs group. Comparison between LLLT and NSAIDs group and NSAIDs group showed a significant improvement in favor of the LLLT and NSAIDs group during the 3 follow up periods. Same improvement in favor for LLLT and NSAIDs group was noted in the VAS. Conclusion. LLLT in patients with TMJ arthritis is a safe and effective technique

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Nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética / New Perspectives on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

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The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on fibroblast cells in vitro: the systematic review / Efecto del ultrasonido terapéutico en células fibroblásticas in vitro: revisión sistemática

Introduction: Therapeutic ultrasound is one of the most used physical resources in the area of physiotherapy for the treatment of injuries. However, the multiplicity of dosimetry used in clinical practice points to its indiscriminate use for pathologies that surround skeletal muscle and expresses the limitation of the available literature on the ideal dosimetric standardization to the tissue restoration, mechanism of action and its real effects on the treatment in question. Objective: The objective of this study was to promote a systematic review about the different effects and the dosimetric parameters of therapeutic ultrasonic irradiation on the process of restoration of fibroblast cells in vitro. Methods: To select the articles, three electronic data banks were consulted, with publication from January 2000 to September 2016. The studies were tracked by three freestanding reviewers, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 669 articles were selected and after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 647 were excluded. Among the exclusions reasons there are: the utilization of another physical method, exclusive focus on another type of cell line, other experimental models or the use of another language, reaching at the end 22 studies directed to qualitative analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the scientific basis is not enough to stablish real effects and dosimetric parameters of therapeutic ultrasonic on the process of restoration of fibroblast cells in vitro, due to the lack of generalization and conflict of found results

Introducción: El ultrasonido terapéutico es uno de los recursos físicos más utilizados en el área de fisioterapia para el tratamiento de lesiones. Sin embargo, la gran cantidad de dosimetrías utilizadas en la práctica clínica muestra su uso indiscriminado para patologías que circundan el músculo esquelético y además expresa la limitación de la literatura sobre la estandarización dosimétrica ideal para la restauración del tejido, mecanismo de acción y sus efectos reales sobre el tratamiento en cuestión. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre los diferentes efectos y parámetros dosimétricos de la irradiación ultrasónica terapéutica en el proceso de reparación de células fibroblásticas in vitro. Material y método: Para la selección de los artículos fueron consultadas tres bases de datos para buscar publicaciones entre enero de 2000 y septiembre de 2016. La búsqueda de trabajos se realizó por tres revisores independientes, conforme a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 669 artículos y tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, se excluyeron 647 estudios. Entre los motivos de exclusión están la utilización de otro medio físico, enfoque exclusivo de otro tipo de línea celular, otros modelos experimentales o el uso de otro idioma, quedando 22 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de este estudio mostraron que la base científica todavía es insuficiente para el establecimiento de los efectos reales y parámetros dosimétricos de la irradiación ultrasónica terapéutica en el proceso de reparación de células fibroblásticas in vitro, por la falta de generalización y conflicto de los resultados encontrados

Effect of pre-operatory low-level laser therapy on pain, swelling, and trismus associated with third-molar surgery

Background: The extraction of impacted third molars is commonly associated to pain, edema, trismus, limited jaw opening and movements. The aim of this retrospective study is to verify if pre-surgical low-level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with the extraction of impacted lower third molars could add benefits to the postoperative symptoms respect LLLT performed only after surgery. Material and Methods: Data from 45 patients subjected to a surgical extraction of lower third molars were pooled and divided into three groups. Patients that received only routine management were inserted in the control group. Group 1, were patients that received LLLT immediately after surgery and at 24 hours. In group 2 were included patients treated with LLLT immediately before the extraction and immediately after the end of the procedure. Data were analyzed using linear regression and descriptive statistics. Results: Both laser-treated groups were characterized by minor events of post-surgery complications of pain, edema, trismus. The use of NSAIDs in the first 24 hours was significantly inferior in Group 2. Conclusions: Pre-surgical LLLT treatment seems to increase the analgesic effect of LLLT. However, trismus and edema were reduced in both laser treated groups, independently from the period of irradiation (AU)

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Using low level laser therapy to reduce early postoperative airway obstruction following modified Hogan’s flap / El uso de la terapia con láser de baja intensidad para reducir la obstrucción de la vía aérea postoperatoria temprana después del colgajo de Hogan modificado

Introduction and objective: The most common postoperative complications of velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery are postoperative bleeding and airway obstruction or obstructive sleep apnoea. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) during the first postoperative days in children undergoing superiorly based pharyngeal flap (SBF) surgery. Materials and methods: A randomized double blind clinical study on 30 children divided on two groups 15 patients each, who underwent SBF. LLLT was used in a group and the other was a control group. The study was conducted in academic tertiary care medical centres between 2013 and 2015. The degree of edema, oxygen saturation, occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and steroid administration were recorded. Results: The mean of the average oxygen saturation was significantly less in the control group in the 1st and 2nd day as compared to the laser group. The need for oxygen and the incidence of OSA in the first 3 days were significantly higher in the control group as compared to the laser group. The degree of edema showed no significant difference in the first day but was significantly higher in the control group in the 2nd and 3rd days. Hence, the need of steroids was significantly higher in the control group in the first 3 days. Conclusions: Preliminary results showed that low level laser therapy is effective in reducing the incidence of early postoperative airway obstruction after SBF operations (AU)

Introducción y objetivo: La más común de las complicaciones postoperatorias tras la cirugía de la insuficiencia velofaríngea son el sangrado y la obstrucción postoperatoria de las vías respiratorias, o la apnea obstructiva del sueño. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la terapia láser de baja intensidad durante los primeros días del postoperatorio en niños sometidos a colgajo faríngeo de base superior (SBF). Métodos: Estudio clínico aleatorizado doble ciego en 30 niños, entre el grupo de láser y el grupo control, que fueron sometidos a SBF. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos centros médicos académicos de atención terciaria, entre 2013 y 2015. Se registró grado de edema, la saturación de oxígeno, la aparición de apnea obstructiva del sueño y la necesidad de esteroides. Resultados: Durante los 3 primeros días, la media de la saturación de oxígeno muestra cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. Por otra parte, la necesidad de oxígeno en los primeros 3 días muestra también cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. Así como la incidencia de apnea obstructiva del sueño. El grado de edema no muestra ningún cambio significativo en el primer día, pero sí en los 2 días siguientes. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de esteroides en los primeros 3 días también muestra cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. Conclusiones: Los resultados preliminares mostraron que la terapia con láser de baja intensidad es eficaz en la reducción de la incidencia de obstrucción de vía aérea en el postoperatorio temprano después de las operaciones SBF (AU)

Estado actual del láser en odontología conservadora: Indicaciones, ventajas y posibles riesgos. Revisión bibliográfica / Actually in conservative dentistry laser: Indications, advantages and possible risks. Literature review

En la actualidad, el término odontología mínimamente invasiva es un concepto muy utilizado pero, a veces, de forma errónea. Se define como una filosofía de prevención a la hora de realizar cualquier tratamiento en boca, evaluación de riesgos individualizados, detección precisa y precoz de las lesiones, así como los esfuerzos para remineralizar las lesiones no cavitadas, para su cuidado preventivo y mineralizar las lesiones ya existentes. Esta especie de «disciplina» o procedimiento, se puede desarrollar a partir de varias técnicas y/o instrumentos, como el ultrasonido, air brasion, micro CT o el láser y sus diferentes tipos y aplicaciones. Por ello creemos importante establecer unos principios, bases o protocolo sobre qué es el láser en nuestra profesión y dentro de ella en el campo de nuestra subespecialidad, la odontología Conservadora y que abanico de opciones nos podemos encontrar y como se puede orientar hacia unas indicaciones específicas con las ventajas o desventajas que esto nos pueda acarrear (AU)

Today the term minimally invasive dentistry is a concept widely used, but sometimes incorrectly. It is defined as a philosophy of prevention when making any treatment in the mouth, assessment of individual risks, accurate and early detection of lesions, as well as efforts to remineralize lesions cavitated for preventive care and mineralize injuries already existing. This kind of «discipline» or procedure can be developed from various techniques and/or instruments, such as ultrasound, air brasion, or laser micro CT and its different types and applications. Therefore we believe important to establish principles, bases or protocol on what the laser in our profession and within the field of our subspecialty, conservative dentistry and range of options can find us and how can be directed to specific indications with the advantages or disadvantages that this may bring us (AU)

Efectividad de la terapia láser de baja intensidad en pacientes con artritis reumatoide: una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos / Effectiveness of laser therapy of low intensity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of clinical trials

Objetivo: Determinar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de la terapia láser de baja intensidad en la artritis reumatoide (AR). Estrategia de búsqueda: Se identificaron 1.008 artículos mediante búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos de PEDro, TRIP, DIALNET, OVIDSP, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pub Med y Enfispo. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos, controlados, aleatorizados y con simple o doble ciego, publicados entre el 1 de enero de 1990 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2013, en lengua española e inglesa. Selección de estudios: Se realizó por 2 revisores, de manera no cegada e independiente, y se llevó a cabo una clasificación de los estudios mediante la escala PEDro. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 6 estudios. Estos no obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos sobre el uso de la terapia láser de baja intensidad en la AR. Conclusiones:Existe evidencia limitada sobre el uso del tratamiento con láser en la AR, por lo que es necesario ampliar la investigación sobre este tema

Objective: to determine scientific evidence on the effectiveness of low level laser therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Search strategy: 1008 articles were identified by searching electronic databases PEDro, TRIP, DIALNET OVIDSP, Cochrane, EMBASE, Pub Med and ENFISPO. We included controlled clinical trials, randomized and single or double-blind studies published between January 1 st 1990 until December 31st 2013, both in Spanish and in English. Study screening: it was performed by two reviewers independently and unblinded manner, and conducted a classification studies using the PEDro scale. Results: 6 studies were selected. They did not obtain statistically significant results on the use of low intensity laser therapy in RA. Conclusions: There is limited evidence on the use of laser therapy in the treatment of RA, so it is necessary to extend the research on this topic

Bioremediation of oil polluted marine sediments: A bio-engineering treatment

The fate of hydrocarbon pollutants and the development of oil-degrading indigenous marine bacteria in contaminated sediments are strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as temperature, low oxygen levels, and nutrient availability. In this work, the effects of different biodegradation processes (bioremediation) on oil-polluted anoxic sediments were analyzed. In particular, as a potential bioremediation strategy for polluted sediments, we applied a prototype of the «Modular Slurry System» (MSS), allowing containment of the sediments and their physical-chemical treatment (by air insufflations, temperature regulation, and the use of a slow-release fertilizer). Untreated polluted sediments served as the blank in a non-controlled experiment. During the experimental period (30 days), bacterial density and biochemical oxygen demand were measured and functional genes were identified by screening. Quantitative measurements of pollutants and an eco-toxicological analysis (mortality of Corophium orientale) were carried out at the beginning and end of the experiments. The results demonstrated the high biodegradative capability achieved with the proposed technology and its strong reduction of pollutant concentrations and thus toxicity (AU)

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Comparison of the effect of low level laser therapy with alvogyl on the management of alveolar osteitis

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for managing alveolar osteitis (AO).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients with alveolar osteitis of mandibular third molars were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, socket irrigation was followed by alvogyl placement, and the treatment was repeated 48 hours later. In group 2, socket was irradiated with a low power red laser for 3 consecutive days (200 mW, 30 seconds on each of the buccal and lingual surfaces and 30 seconds at the middle of the socket, 6 J per area). The subjects in group 3 underwent treatment with a low power infrared laser with the same parameters as group 2. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record the degree of pain at the morning (T0, before intervention) and at 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) hours later for 3 days. RESULTS: Pain was significantly lower in the alvogyl group than the other groups at T1 and T2 points on day 1 and at T0 and T1 points on day 2 (p < 0.05). At T2 point on day 2 and on day 3, VAS became significantly lower in the red laser group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The infrared laser was not more efficacious than the other groups at any of the treatment intervals, but it reduced VAS to an acceptable level. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT displayed good results in this study for treatment of alveolar osteitis and should be further investigated as an alternative to alvogyl for AO management

Efectividad del láser de baja frecuencia en el tratamiento del dolor en pacientes con epicondilalgia lateral: un overview de revisiones sistemáticas / Effectiveness of low frequency laser in the treatment of pain in patients with lateral epicondylalgia: An overview of systematic reviews

Introducción: la epicondilalgia lateral es una condición músculo-esquelética compleja, caracterizada por presentar dolor en la región del epicóndilo lateral del húmero. Objetivo: resumir la evidencia existente en revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane y no Cochrane, en relación a los efectos y beneficios del láser de baja potencia para el tratamiento del dolor en sujetos que presenten epicondilalgia lateral. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en el registro especializado Cochrane del grupo músculo-esquelético (1980-enero 2014), en el Registro Cochrane de Ensayos Controlados (1980-enero 2014) y en las bases de datos: MEDLINE (1980-enero 2014), PEDro (1980-enero 2014), Metabuscador Epistemonikos (1980-enero 2014), se buscó literatura gris, actas de congresos, no hubo restricción por idioma. La calidad metodológica de las revisiones sistemáticas incluidas fueron evaluadas con AMSTAR y la calidad global de la evidencia mediante GRADE. Resultados: la búsqueda preliminar identificó 84 revisiones sistemáticas, de las cuales 4 cumplían con nuestros criterios de elegibilidad. Sólo 3 de ellas fueron categorizadas de 'alta calidad' metodológica y una presentaba 'mediana calidad'. Conclusión: si bien es cierto, la terapia láser presenta beneficios favorables a corto y mediano plazo en el alivio del dolor y mejora funcional ('muy baja evidencia', según GRADE). Esto quiere decir que los resultados presentan una gran 'incertidumbre' sobre la estimación del efecto (AU)

Background: Lateral epicondylalgia is a complex musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain in the region to present the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Aim: To summarize the evidence in Cochrane Systematic Reviews Cochrane and not in relation to the effects and benefits of low power laser for the treatment of pain in patients who may be LE. Materials and methods: A search was conducted in the specialized register of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group (1980-January 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1980-January 2014) and databases: MEDLINE (1980-January 2014), PEDro (1980-January 2014), Metasearch Epistemonikos (1980-January 2014), gray literature, conference proceedings are sought, there was no language restriction. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews were evaluated AMSTAR and overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Results: The search identified pre-remove 84 systematic reviews, 4 of which met our eligibility criteria. Only 3 of them were categorized as 'high quality' methodological and had 'medium quality'. Conclusion: Although, laser therapy has favorable shortand medium-term benefits in relation to pain relief and functional 'Very low evidence' improvement, according to GRADE. This means that the results have a high 'uncertainty' about the estimate of effect (AU)

Atomic force microscopy visualization of injuries in Enterococcus faecalis surface caused by Er, Cr: YSGG and diode lasers

AIM: To visualize by Atomic Force Microscopy the alterations induced on Enterococcus. faecalis surface after treatment with 2 types of laser: Erbium chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and Diode laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacterial suspensions from overnight cultures of E. faecalis were irradiated during 30 seconds with the laser-lights at 1 W and 2 W of power, leaving one untreated sample as control. Surface alterations on treated E. faecalis were visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its surface roughness determined. RESULTS: AFM imaging showed that at high potency of laser both cell morphology and surface roughness resulted altered, and that several cell lysis signs were easily visualized. Surface roughness clearly increase after the treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG at 2W of power, while the other treatments gave similar values of surface roughness. The effect of lasers on bacterial surfaces visualized by AFM revealed drastic alterations. CONCLUSIONS: AFM is a good tool to evaluate surface injuries after laser treatment; and could constitute a measure of antimicrobial effect that can complete data obtained by determination of microbial viability

Low-level laser effect in patients with neurosensory impairment of mandibular nerve after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Randomized clinical trial, controlled by placebo

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect on the application of low level laser therapy, in patients that have been previously intervened with a sagittal ramus split osteotomy and present neurosensory impairment due to this surgery, compared with placebo. Study DESIGN: This preliminary study is a randomized clinical trial, with an experimental group (n=17) which received laser light and a control group (n=14), placebo. All participants received laser applications, divided after surgery in days 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21 and 28. Neurosensory impairment was evaluated clinically with 5 tests; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and sensitivity, directional and 2 point discrimination, thermal discrimination, each one of them performed before and after surgery on day 1, and 1, 2 and 6 months. Participants and results evaluator were blinded to intervention. Variables were described with absolute frequencies, percentages and medians. Ordinal and dichotomous variables were compared with Mann Whitney's and Fisher's test respectively. RESULTS: Results demonstrate clinical improvement in time, as well as in magnitude of neurosensory return for laser group; VAS for sensitivity reached 5 (normal), 10 participants recovered initial values for 2 point discrimination (62,5%) and 87,5% recovered directional discrimination at 6 months after surgery. General VAS for sensitivity showed 68,75% for laser group, compared with placebo 21,43% (p-value = (0.0095). Left side sensitivity (VAS) showed 3.25 and 4 medians for placebo and laser at 2 months, respectively (p-value = (0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Low-level laser therapy was beneficial for this group of patients on recovery of neurosensory impairment of mandibular nerve, compared to a placebo

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