A meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk: evidence from 15 epidemiology studies

Background and purpose: epidemiological studies that assess the association of dietary total carbohydrate intake and inflammatory bowel disease risk (IBD) have yielded controversial results. Therefore, this study of various epidemiological studies was conducted in order to explore this relationship. Methods: a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Medline databases was performed up to September 2017. Cohort, case-control or cross-sectional design studies were included that reported the association of dietary carbohydrate intake and IBD risk. Summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% CI were calculated using the random effects model. Results: a total of eight articles with 15 individual studies that included 1,361 cases were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Dietary carbohydrate intake had a non-significant relationship with the risk of IBD (OR = 1.091, 95% CI = 0.817-1.455, I2 = 31.6%, pfor heterogeneity = 0.116). The pooled OR and 95% CI for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) with regard to dietary carbohydrate intake was 1.167 (0.777-1.752) and 1.010 (0.630-1.618), respectively. These associations were also non-significant in both European and Asia populations. Conclusions: a higher dietary total carbohydrate intake had a non-significant relationship with IBD risk. Further studies with large populations are needed to verify this relationship

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Effect of high chronic intake of sucrose on liver metabolism in aging rats. Modulation by rutin and micronutrients

High-sugar intake and senescence share common deleterious effects, in particular in liver, but combination of these two factors was little studied. Our aims were to examine the effect of a high-sucrose diet in liver of old rats and also the potential benefices of a polyphenol/micronutrient supplementation. Four groups of 22-month-old male rats fed during 5 months with a diet containing either 13 or 62% sucrose, supplemented or not with rutin, vitamin E, A, D, selenium, and zinc were compared. We measured liver macronutrient composition, glycation/oxidative stress, enzyme activities (lipogenesis, Beta-oxidation, fructokinase), gene expression (enzymes and transcription factors), in vivo protein synthesis rates and plasma parameters. Sucrose induced an increase in plasma and liver lipid content, and a stimulation of liver protein synthesis rates. Gene expression was little changed by sucrose, with lower levels for LXR-alfa and LXR-Beta. Polyphenol/micronutrient supplementation tended to limit liver triglyceride infiltration through variations in fatty acid synthase, acyl coA oxidase, and possibly ATP-citrate lyase activities. In conclusion, despite differences in enzymatic regulations, and blunted responses of gene expression, high-sucrose diet was still able to induce a marked increase in liver lipid content in old animals. However, it probably attenuated the positive impact of polyphenol/micronutrients

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XVIII Congreso SEINAP. Acceso a alimentos en el entorno escolar fuera del comedor: vending, cafeterías / XVIII Congress of SEINAP. Access to food in the school setting outside of the cafeteria: vending, cafeterias

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Tratamiento dietético con fructosa en una niña de 5 años con acidosis D-láctica recurrente / Dietetic treatment with fructose in a 5-year-old girl with recurrent D-lactic acidosis

La acidosis D-láctica es una patología infrecuente, habitualmente descrita en pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto. Se caracteriza por episodios recurrentes de encefalopatía con D-lactato sérico elevado y, generalmente, acidosis metabólica. Para su desarrollo es necesario el sobrecrecimiento de bacterias productoras de D-lactato en el colon. Otros factores, como la ingesta abundante de carbohidratos o la disminución de la motilidad intestinal, pueden favorecer una acidosis D-láctica. Presentamos un caso clínico de acidosis D-láctica recurrente en una niña de cinco años con síndrome de intestino corto secundario a un vólvulo de intestino medio. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico para el sobrecrecimiento bacteriano y restricción de carbohidratos enterales, pese a lo cual presentó recurrencias. Posteriormente, se sustituyó un 25% de su fórmula de nutrición enteral por otra con aporte exclusivo de fructosa, y se restringieron los aportes de otros azúcares fermentables. La evolución a los 16 años ha sido satisfactoria, sin presentar nuevas recurrencias

D-lactic acidosis is an infrequent complication, mainly reported in patients with short bowel syndrome. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of encephalopathy with elevated serum D-lactic acid, usually associating metabolic acidosis. The presence of D-lactate-producing bacteria is necessary for the development of this complication. Other factors, such as the ingestion of large amounts of carbohydrates or reduced intestinal motility, contribute to D-lactic acidosis. We report a case of recurrent D-lactic acidosis in a 5-year-old girl with short bowel syndrome, due to a midgut volvulus. She initially received oral antibiotics in order to treat bacterial overgrowth, together with oral carbohydrates restriction. Nevertheless, recurrences did occur. Subsequently, 25% of the enteral nutrition was replaced for a formula containing fructose exclusively, while other fermentable sugars were restricted from the diet. After 16 years of follow up, further recurrences of D-lactic acidosis were not observed

Carbohydrate intake results in lower suppression of salivary immunoglobulin A in judokas / La ingesta de carbohidratos induce una menor supresión de la inmunoglobulina A salival en yudocas / Ingestão de carboidrato resulta em menor supressão da imunoglobulina A salivar em judocas

Objective. This study investigated the salivary immunoglobulin A response to carbohydrate supplementation during judo training. Method. Sixteen judokas were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Carbohydrate solution and Placebo solution in a double-blind design. Saliva samples were collected at rest, immediately after the training session and 1h after the training session. Results. The concentration of the salivary immunoglobulin A decreased during the training session in both conditions (p=0.0002) as well as at 1h after the training session in the placebo solution condition (p=0.035). The rate of salivary flow decreased during the training session in the placebo solution condition (p=0.04). Conclusion. Carbohydrate solution consumption during training session did not affect the athletes oral immunity, however, in the recovery period an upper-respiratory tract protection was observed (AU)

Objetivo. El presente estudio investigó la respuesta de la inmunoglobulina A salival a la suplementación de hidrato de carbono durante el entrenamiento de judo. Método. Dieceiséis yudocas fueron asignados de forma aleatoria a una de dos condiciones: solución de carbohidratos y solución de placebo en un diseño doble ciego. Las muestras de saliva fueron recogidas en reposo, inmediatamente después de la sesión de entrenamiento y una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento. Resultados. La concentración de inmunoglobulina A salival disminuyó durante la sesión de entrenamiento en ambas condiciones (p=0.0002), al igual que una hora después de la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p=0.035). La tasa de flujo salival decreció durante la sesión de entrenamiento en la condición de solución de placebo (p=0.04). Conclusión. El consumo de la solución de carbohidratos durante la sesión de entrenamiento no afectó a la inmunidad oral de los atletas; sin embargo, en el período de recuperación se observó una protección del tracto respiratorio superior (AU)

Objetivo. O presente estudo investigou a resposta imunoglobulina A Salivar frente a suplementação de carboidrato durante o treino de judô. Método. Dezesseis judocas foram aleatoriamente randomizados, em delineamento duplo-cego nas condições: solução carboidrato e solução placebo. Para mensuração da imunoglobulina A Salivar, a saliva foi coletada no início da sessão de treino, imediatamente após o término e uma hora após o término (1-h Pós-E). Resultados. A concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar diminuiu logo após o treino, independente da solução (p=0.0002). No momento uma hora apos o termino frente ao imediatamente apos o termino, houve menor concentração de imunoglobulina A Salivar somente para a condição solução placebo (p=0.035). A taxa de fluxo salivar diminuiu significativamente somente na condição solução placebo (p=0.04). Conclusão. A Ingestão de solução carboidrato durante a sessão de treino não impediu a imunodepressão da imunoglobulina A Salivar de judocas imediatamente após o treino, mas exerceu proteção à imunidade do trato respiratório superior 1-h após (AU)