RESUMO
Heather Laine Talley locates the still-experimental technique of face transplantation within a contemporary 'disfigurement imaginary' that equates facial difference with social death. This paper extends Talley's account by considering the ideological and affective components of 'facelessness' as a shared cultural idea. The first part of the paper argues that 'facelessness' has a history that links the stigma of facial war injuries in early twentieth century Europe to current assumptions about the horror of disfigurement. The second part of the paper uses Georges Franju's Les Yeux sans Visage (Eyes Without a Face, 1959) to examine the aesthetics of horror and the uses of cinematic disgust. The paper concludes with a discussion of the 'framing' or management of disgust in the contexts of transplant medicine and anatomical illustration. Face transplantation, it is argued, presents a particular challenge to the 'spare parts' model that has dominated the biomedical approach to organ transfer
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Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XVI , Transplante de Face/história , Transplante de Face/instrumentação , Ilustração Médica/história , AscoRESUMO
Objectives: Update on clinical results obtained by the first worldwide facial transplantation teams as well as review of the literature concerning the main surgical, immunological, ethical, and follow-up aspects described on facial transplanted patients. Study design: MEDLINE search of articles published on face transplantation until March 2012. Results: Eighteen clinical cases were studied. The mean patient age was 37.5 years, with a higher prevalence of men. Main surgical indication was gunshot injuries (6 patients). All patients had previously undergone multiple conventional surgical reconstructive procedures which had failed. Altogether 8 transplant teams belonging to 4 countries participated. Thirteen partial face transplantations and 5 full face transplantations have been performed. Allografts are varied according to face anatomical components and the amount of skin, muscle, bone, and other tissues included, though all were grafted successfully and remained viable without significant postoperative surgical complications. The patient with the longest follow-up was 5 years. Two patients died 2 and 27 months after transplantation. Conclusions: Clinical experience has demonstrated the feasibility of facial transplantation as a valuable reconstructive option, but it still remains considered as an experimental procedure with unresolved issues to settle down. Results show that from a clinical, technical, and immunological standpoint, facial transplantation has achieved functional, aesthetic, and social rehabilitation in severely facial disfigured patients (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Face/métodos , Face/anormalidades , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
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