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2.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 88(número extraordinario): 97-104, diciembre 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225742

RESUMO

Los productos naturales han contribuido históricamente al descubrimiento de fármacos como fuente de moléculas bioactivas, debido a la gran diversidad y complejidad estructural que presentan. Así, han aportado moléculas “cabeza de serie” para el desarrollo de fármacos en distintas áreas terapéuticas, con una representación muy destacada en el tratamiento del dolor y de la inflamación, trastornos de la coagulación, trastornos metabólicos, así como en el tratamiento del cáncer y enfermedades infecciosas. En las últimas décadas se ha producido un cambio de paradigma en las estrategias de descubrimiento de fármacos que ha permitido la identificación de nuevos productos naturales activos en dianas terapéuticas. La Química Combinatoria y las pruebas biológicas de alto rendimiento (“High Throughput Screening”), junto al desarrollo de las técnicas computacionales, han contribuido decisivamente al diseño y optimización de quimiotecas de derivados de productos naturales en base a su actividad biológica. En paralelo, los avances tecnológicos en el campo de las ciencias ómicas y en el procesamiento de datos han llevado a un abordaje multidimensional del proceso de descubrimiento de fármacos. Estas poderosas herramientas permitirán analizar el potencial farmacológico de los productos naturales y de sus derivados y, llegar a convertir a estas moléculas en productos activos con baja toxicidad. En la era de la Medicina de Precisión, los productos naturales siguen siendo moléculas con un gran potencial en el desarrollo farmacéutico, ya que a diferencia de otras estrategias terapéuticas, presentan una relación coste-beneficio favorable lo que permitirá su uso futuro en esta disciplina. (AU)


Natural products have historically contributed to drug discovery as a source of bioactive molecules, due to their great diversity and structural complexity. They have provided “lead” molecules for the development of drugs in different therapeutic areas, with a very prominent representation in the treatment of pain and inflammation, coagulation disorders, metabolic disorders, as well as in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. In recent decades there has been a paradigm shift in drug discovery strategies that has allowed the identification of new active natural products in therapeutic targets. Combinatorial Chemistry and biological tests (High Throughput Screening), together with the development of computational techniques, have contributed decisively to the design and optimization of libraries of natural product derivatives based on their biological activity. In parallel, technological advances in the field of Omics sciences and in data processing lead to a multidimensional approach in the drug discovery process. These powerful tools will allow the analysis of the pharmacological potential of natural products and their derivatives for the conversion of these molecules to active products with low toxicity. In the Precision Medicine era, natural products continue to be molecules with great potential in pharmaceutical development, since, unlike other therapeutic strategies, they have a favorable cost-benefit ratio, which will allow their future use in this discipline. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XXI , Descoberta de Drogas , Produtos Biológicos , Medicina de Precisão , Doenças Transmissíveis , Terapêutica
3.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 88(4): 747-766, octubre-diciembre 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215493

RESUMO

El primer logro de los galardonados con el Premio Nobel de Química de 2022, y en particular de Sharpless, es de tipo conceptual, y consistió en la propuesta del concepto de reacción click dentro de un cuerpo de doctrina general. En una segunda fase, tanto Sharpless como Meldal establecieron la catálisis de la cicloadición 1,3-dipolar de Huisgen por Cu(I), lo que llevó a su reconocimiento de como la primera reacción click y a su empleo generalizado en todos los campos de la química. Estos descubrimientos prepararon el terreno para el descubrimiento por Bertozzi de las reacciones click bioortogonales, aprovechando el incremento de reactividad asociado a la tensión anular de los derivados de ciclooctino. La influencia de estas ideas y descubrimientos ha sido enorme y ha conducido a grandes avances en diversos campos de la Química y la Biología. (AU)


The first achievement of the 2022 Chemistry Nobel Prize awardees, Sharpless in particular, was of a conceptual nature and consisted in the proposal of the click chemistry concept, together with its placement in a broader theoretical frame. In a second phase, both Sharpless and Meldal established the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions that allowed the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to be recognized as the first click reaction, which was broadly employed in all fields of chemistry. These discoveries laid the ground for the development by Bertozzi of bioorthogonal chemistry on the basis of the increased reactivity associated to ring strain in cyclooctyne derivatives. The influence of these ideas and discoveries has been widespread and has led to innumerable advances in many fields of Chemistry and Biology. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Química , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Descoberta de Drogas , Biologia
4.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 50(3): 138-150, 2022. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-203461

RESUMO

Network pharmacology is a bioinformatics-based research strategy aimed at identifying drug actions and facilitating drug discovery. In this study, network pharmacology was used for exploring the anti-epileptic multi-target mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis. The possible protein targets of Rhizoma Coptidis were predicted by constructing the pathway and network of drug targets. Then, the interaction of the main active components of Rhizoma Coptidis and predicted candidate targets were verified using molecular docking technology. Finally, nine active compounds were selected from Rhizoma Coptidis. A total of 68 targets associated with Rhizoma Coptidis treating epilepsy. The key targets were AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, and TP53. According to GO functional enrichment analysis, 289 items of biological process, 33 items of cellular component, and 55 items of molecular function were obtained. A total of 89 signaling pathways were identified through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (P < 0.05), and HIF-1, TNF, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways were mainly related to epilepsy. Molecular docking showed quercetin and (R)-canadine combined well with the key targets. The active ingredient in Rhizoma Coptidis can regulate various signaling pathways, and have therapeutic effects on epilepsy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Transdução de Sinais , Descoberta de Drogas
5.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 87(1): 99-104, ene.-mar. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201635

RESUMO

Los productos naturales han contribuido históricamente al descubrimiento de fármacos como fuente de moléculas bioactivas, debido a la gran diversidad y complejidad estructural que presentan. Así, han aportado moléculas "cabeza de serie" para el desarrollo de fármacos en distintas áreas terapéuticas, con una representación muy destacada en el tratamiento del dolor y de la inflamación, trastornos de la coagulación, trastornos metabólicos, así como en el tratamiento del cáncer y enfermedades infecciosas. En las últimas décadas se ha producido un cambio de paradigma en las estrategias de descubrimiento de fármacos que ha permitido la identificación de nuevos productos naturales activos en dianas terapéuticas. La Química Combinatoria y las pruebas biológicas de alto rendimiento ("High Throughput Screening"), junto al desarrollo de las técnicas computacionales, han contribuido decisivamente al diseño y optimización de quimiotecas de derivados de productos naturales en base a su actividad biológica. En paralelo, los avances tecnológicos en el campo de las ciencias ómicas y en el procesamiento de datos han llevado a un abordaje multidimensional del proceso de descubrimiento de fármacos. Estas poderosas herramientas permitirán analizar el potencial farmacológico de los productos naturales y de sus derivados y, llegar a convertir a estas moléculas en productos activos con baja toxicidad. En la era de la Medicina de Precisión, los productos naturales siguen siendo moléculas con un gran potencial en el desarrollo farmacéutico, ya que a diferencia de otras estrategias terapéuticas, presentan una relación coste-beneficio favorable lo que permitirá su uso futuro en esta disciplina


Natural products have historically contributed to drug discovery as a source of bioactive molecules, due to their great diversity and structural complexity. They have provided "lead" molecules for the development of drugs in different therapeutic areas, with a very prominent representation in the treatment of pain and inflammation, coagulation disorders, metabolic disorders, as well as in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. In recent decades there has been a paradigm shift in drug discovery strategies that has allowed the identification of new active natural products in therapeutic targets. Combinatorial Chemistry and biological tests (High Throughput Screening), together with the development of computational techniques, have contributed decisively to the design and optimization of libraries of natural product derivatives based on their biological activity. In parallel, technological advances in the field of Omics sciences and in data processing lead to a multidimensional approach in the drug discovery process. These powerful tools will allow the analysis of the pharmacological potential of natural products and their derivatives for the conversion of these molecules to active products with low toxicity. In the Precision Medicine era, natural products continue to be molecules with great potential in pharmaceutical development, since, unlike other therapeutic strategies, they have a favorable cost-benefit ratio, which will allow their future use in this discipline


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Produtos Biológicos/química , Desenho de Fármacos , Medicina Tradicional , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Descoberta de Drogas/tendências , Medicina de Precisão
8.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 28(6): 470-474, nov.-dic. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130405

RESUMO

Objetivo. Describir la secuencia de hechos acontecidos respecto al caso Glivec® en la India y analizar las opiniones generadas en diferentes ámbitos. Método. Búsqueda sistemática de artículos sobre la patente de imatinib (Glivec®) en la India. Se seleccionaron los que describían los acontecimientos, las decisiones de las instancias implicadas y las opiniones en la prensa general y científica, con identificación de las fechas y de los argumentos de las partes implicadas. Resultados. De los 886 documentos obtenidos se seleccionaron 40, publicados entre 2003 y 2013, mayoritariamente de tipo periodístico y comentarios. El caso duró 7 años, desde el rechazo de la patente presentada por Novartis ante la oficina de patentes de la India en 2006 hasta la ratificación de esta decisión por el tribunal supremo en 2013. Entre las controversias surgidas destacaron los argumentos en defensa de la ley de patentes India, promulgada para favorecer el acceso a los medicamentos en los países del Tercer Mundo. El fallo judicial ha recibido el apoyo de diversas instituciones, si bien un análisis objetivo implica considerar también los argumentos presentados por las empresas farmacéuticas y otras instituciones. Conclusión. El caso Glivec® ha planteado el debate sobre la adecuación de las normas internacionales, su aplicabilidad en el entorno económico y su adaptación en cada país. Este caso, y otros, deberían contribuir a la reflexión sobre el sistema internacional de patentes a fin de preservar la salud de la población más necesitada de una atención sanitaria adecuada en equilibrio con la protección de la propiedad intelectual y la innovación (AU)


Objective. To describe the sequence of events involving the Glivec® case in India and to analyze the opinions generated in distinct settings. Method. We performed a systematic search for articles concerning the imatinib (Glivec®) patent in India. We selected those sources that described the events, decisions of the authorities involved, and press and scientific opinions. Dates and arguments presented by the involved parties were clearly identified. Results. Of 886 documents initially obtained, we selected 40 documents published between 2003 and 2013. Most of them were press news and commentaries. The process lasted 7 years, starting in 2006 when the Indian Patent Office rejected the patent application filed by Novartis. It ended in 2013 when the Indian Supreme Court upheld this decision. It was argued that the Indian Patent Law would facilitate access to medicines in the Third World and the final decision has received support by the general population. Although the court's final decision has been supported by several institutions, an objective analysis should also take into account the arguments of the pharmaceutical companies and other entities. Conclusion. The Glivec® case gave rise to an intense debate on the appropriateness of international standards on patents, their applicability and how they should be adopted in each country. This case, as well as other cases, should serve to stimulate reflection on the international patent system and to achieve scenarios in which the health of the poorest populations is protected but also balanced against intellectual property protection and innovation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Grupos Focais/métodos , Patentes como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Propriedade Intelectual de Produtos e Processos Farmacêuticos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/normas , Descoberta de Drogas/legislação & jurisprudência , Descoberta de Drogas/tendências , Política Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação , Projetos de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação , Indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
11.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 40(1): 34-42, ene.-feb. 2012. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-97686

RESUMO

La serendipia es la facultad de realizar un descubrimiento mediante una combinación de accidente y sagacidad. En el ámbito de la psicofarmacología, la serendipia jugó un papel fundamental en el descubrimiento de muchos agentes psicotrópicos, aunque existen marcadas controversias en este particular, posiblemente debido a divergencias semánticas en relación al significado de este término. Nosotros hemos aplicado una definición operativa de serendipia basada en el hallazgo de algo no esperado o no buscado intencionalmente, independientemente del proceso sistemático que condujo a la observación accidental. En el presente trabajo, se analizan algunos ejemplos representativos de descubrimientos en el campo de la psicofarmacología según diferentes patrones de intervención serendípica. De acuerdo con este criterio existirían cuatro patrones diferentes de imputabilidad serendípica: descubrimientos serendípicos puros(ácido valproico/valproato); descubrimientos serendípicos iniciales que conducen a descubrimientos no serendípicos (imipramina); descubrimientos no serendípicos asociados secundariamente a descubrimientos de caracter serendípico(barbitúricos); descubrimientos no serendípicos (haloperidol). Podemos concluir que los descubrimientos serendípicos puros en este campo no son muy frecuentes, siendo más habitual un patrón mixto, que parte de una observación inicial serendípica que conduce a un descubrimiento no serendípico de utilidad clínica. Este es el caso de la imipramina, las sales de litio, la clorpromazina o el meprobamato (AU)


The serendipity is the faculty for making a discovery through a combination of accident and sagacity. In psychopharmacology, the serendipity played a key role in the discovery of many psychotropic drugs, although there are marked disputes in this regard, possibly due to semantic differences in relation to the meaning of this term. We have implemented an operational definition of serendipity based on the discovery of something un expected or not sought intentionally, irrespective of the systematic process leading to the accidental observation. The present paper analyses some representative examples of discoveries in the field of psychopharmacology according to different serendipitous intervention patterns. Following this approach there would be four different imputability patterns: pure serendipitous discoveries (valproic acid/valproate); serendipitous observation leading to a non-serendipitous discoveries (imipramine); non-serendipitous discoveries secondarily associated with serendipitous observation (barbiturates); non-serendipitous discoveries (haloperidol). We can conclude that pure serendipitous discoveries in this field are not very frequent, most common being a mixed pattern; an initial serendipitous observation which leads to a non-serendipitous discovery of clinical utility. This is the case of imipramine, lithium salts, chlorpromazine or meprobamate (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psiquiatria/educação , Psiquiatria/história , Psicofarmacologia/educação , Psicofarmacologia/história , Descoberta de Drogas , Psiquiatria/ética , Psiquiatria/métodos , Psiquiatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicofarmacologia/ética , Psicofarmacologia/métodos , Psicofarmacologia/organização & administração , Psicofarmacologia/tendências
12.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 12(4): 261-270, abr. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-124068

RESUMO

Systemic therapies available for treatment of colorectal cancer have increased in recent years, leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, a significant proportion of patients fail to derive meaningful benefits, whereas others suffer from unacceptable toxicities. Therefore, not only does the search for novel and effective anticancer agents continue, there is also a pressing need to optimise the use of all treatments in the therapeutic armamentarium. In addition to knowledge gleaned from well-designed and relevant clinical trials, increasing effort is being invested into biomarkers. The identification and implementation of validated biomarkers has the potential to further our understanding of the biology of colorectal cancer and also to greatly improve the efficiency with which cancer treatments are administered (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos
13.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 11(10): 651-658, oct. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-123690

RESUMO

The discovery of novel targets that can be pharmacologically exploited to lead to a better disease outcome has long been an aim of biomedical research. At present, the technology and robotisation available have pushed the search for novel molecules to a high-throughput screening (HTS) context, making it possible to screen several hundreds of compounds or genes in a single day. High-content screenings (HCS) have added a refined complexity to the screening processes, as the information drawn from an image- based assay is more complete than the monoparametric readouts obtained in classical HTS assays. Here, we review the development of HCS platforms to identify molecules influencing FOXO nuclear relocation and activation as pharmacological targets, their applicability and the future directions of the screening field (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/terapia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas/tendências , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/tendências , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala
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