Marsupialization facilitates movement of the cystic lesion-associated deeply impacted mandibular third molar in spite of its mature roots

Background: The odontogenic cystic lesions happened in the angle and ramus region are frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molars. The treatment plan was difficult to work out for the huge cystic lesions with deeply impacted third molars, since the enucleation with simultaneously removing the deeply impacted teeth may cause serious complications. Therefore, the marsupialization of the cystic lesions followed by enucleation with tooth removal has also been advocated. The aim of this study was to explore the movement of cystic lesion associated deeply impacted mandibular third molars (IMTM) after marsupialization. Material and Methods: Between July 2009 and December 2015, patients who had mandibular cystic lesion associated with IMTM and underwent marsupialization followed by enucleation with tooth extraction were included in our retrospective study. The clinical and pathological data was collected. The distance and direction of movement of the IMTM after marsupialization was measured on panoramic radiograph and computed tomography. Results: Four male and six female patients whose ages ranged from 14 years to 67 years were enrolled in this study. Among the all impacted molars, there were 3 cases with mature roots. After marsupialization, all the cystic lesions shrunk and all impacted teeth moved toward the bony windows, and the distance of tooth movement were from 8.3mm to 12.1mm. The complications included swelling and pain, while no numbness of the ipsilateral lower lip was happened. Conclusions: Marsupialization can promote the movement of impacted teeth with or without mature roots, and may be an optimal treatment approach for the huge posterior mandibular cystic lesions with deeply impacted third molar (AU)

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Concentración de la enzima AST (aspartato aminotransferasa) en dientes sometidos a fuerzas ortodónticas intrusivas / Enzyme concentration AST (aspartate transaminase) teeth in orthodontic forces under intrusive

Introducción: Reportes en la literatura describen, como las fuerzas ortodónticas aplicadas durante los movimientos dentales conllevan a reacciones pulpares, alteraciones y molestias en un tratamiento de ortodoncia. La aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) es una enzima catalogada como un indicador de necrosis celular; sin embargo, es necesario evaluar su actividad en dientes sometidos a las diferentes fuerzas que se aplican durante un tratamiento ortodóntico. Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de aspartato aminotransferasa en tejido pulpar de dientes sometidos a fuerzas ortodónticas intrusivas y dientes libre de fuerzas. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental de boca dividida en 34 premolares superiores procedentes de 20 sujetos que requerían extracción de los mismos para fines ortodónticos. 20 premolares fueron expuestos por 48 horas a fuerzas intrusivas (75 g/fuerza). Los dientes contralaterales fueron usados como grupo control. Se extrajo el tejido pulpar y se midió la concentración de AST. Se tuvo en cuenta una significancia estadística de p<0,05. Resultados: Al realizar las comparaciones de las concentraciones de la enzima en ambos grupos no se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,436). El grupo control mostró una concentración promedio de 1,78±1,13 U/mg mientras que los premolares expuestos a fuerzas intrusivas reportaron una media de 1,94±1,2 U/mg. Conclusión: La actividad de la AST a nivel del tejido pulpar no tiene variación significativa al inducir movimientos intrusivos con fuerzas aproximadas de 75 g/fuerza en la muestra estudiada

Background: Reports in the literature describe as orthodontic forces applied during dental movements lead to pulp reactions, alterations and discomfort in orthodontic treatment. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme classified as an indicator of cell necrosis; However, it is necessary to evaluate their activity in teeth subjected to various forces applied during orthodontic treatment. Objective: To compare aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in teeth pulp tissue subjected to intrusive orthodontic forces and forces free teeth. Method: A quasi-experimental study of mouth divided into 34 premolars from 20 subjects requiring removal thereof for orthodontic purposes was performed. 20 premolars were exposed for 48 hours to intrusive forces (75 g/force). Contralateral teeth were used as control group. the pulp tissue was removed and the concentration of AST was measured. statistical significance of p <0.05 was taken into account. Results: When making comparisons of enzyme concentrations in both groups not a statistically significant difference (p= 0.436) was found. The control group showed an average concentration of 1.78±1.13 U/mg while the premolars exposed to intrusive forces reported an average of 1.94±1.2 U/mg. Conclusion: AST activity level does not vary pulp tissue by inducing movements intrusive forces approximate 75 g/force

Corticotomies as a surgical procedure to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: One of the main aims of orthodontists is to reduce the treatment time as much as possible, particularly in view of the rise in demand for orthodontic treatment among adult patients. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of corticotomy as a surgical procedure that accelerates orthodontic tooth movement, together with its possible adverse effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of articles in 4 databases, Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase, complemented by a manual search, identified 772 articles. The duplicates were eliminated and a critical reading of titles and abstracts led to the rejection of articles that did not meet the objectives of the review, leaving 69. After reading the full text of these articles, 49 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. On applying the CONSORT criteria as a quality filter, a further 4 were eliminated due to low quality. Finally, 16 articles (4 systematic reviews and 12 controlled trials) were reviewed. RESULTS: All the studies agree that corticotomy prior to orthodontic treatment accelerates dental movement, reducing the treatment time. With regard to side-effects, no periodontal damage was found, although this was only studied in the short term. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence regarding the results of corticotomy is limited, given the small number of quality clinical studies available. Before this procedure is included as a routine practice in dental surgeries, studies of higher methodological quality are required, studying a greater number of individuals and examining the possible long-term adverse effects and the cost/benefit of the procedure

Caninos incluidos, tratamiento odontológico. Revisión de la literatura / Unerupted canines, dental treatment. A literature review

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años (2006-2011), sobre la situación actual de los caninos incluidos y su tratamiento. Se ha analizado la incidencia, etiología, diagnóstico y factores pronósticos de su alineamiento, así como las terapéuticas de los mismos. Su manejo es de especial importancia, ya que estos dientes tienen un papel fundamental en la apariencia facial, estética dental, desarrollo del arco dental y la oclusión funcional. Se deben diagnosticar mediante una evaluación clínica y radiológica minuciosa además de un examen radiográfico; determinando las posibles complicaciones asociadas y las opciones de tratamiento individualizándolas en cada caso. Se han planteado diferentes formas de manejarlos que van desde los controles periódicos, la prevención de la inclusión con el tratamiento interceptivo, el tratamiento ortodóncico-quirúrgico o la extracción. Antes de iniciar cualquier procedimiento debemos valorar las características individuales de cada paciente, así como la situación y la inclinación del diente para lograr nuestro objetivo (AU)

The aim of this article is to make a bibliographical review, from studies performed in the last 5 years (2006-2011), to analyse the current trends of the unerupted canines in its epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic methods, prognostic factors in their alignment; and the various treatment options available. It is especially important because of its relevance in the facial appearance, dental aesthetics and functional occlusion. The diagnosis of the unerupted canine should be made through a thorough clinical and radiographic examination, because it helps in determining the best treatment plan and prevention and/or evaluation of possible complications. Different ways to manage such cases have been suggested from periodic controls, preventing the impaction using interceptive treatment, surgical and orthodontic techniques, and lastly, extraction. Thus, before commencing with any treatment, a proper evaluation of the patient characteristics and the characteristics of the canine should be evaluated to achieve the best possible outcome (AU)

The effect of oral contraceptives on orthodontic tooth movement in rat

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel - used in some oral contraceptives- on orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Forty eight female three-month old Wistar rats with an average weight of 250±25gr were divided into two experimental and control groups. One week prior to appliance insertion and during the appliance therapy period, 100 mcg/kg/day of ethinyl estradiol and 1mg/kg/days of norgestrel were administered to the experimental group by gavage; meanwhile the control group received an equivalent volume of Sodium Chloride 0.9 % (Saline). Maxillarycentral incisors were tipped distally by insertion of springs exerting 30 g force. Two, seven and fourteen days after spring insertion animals were sacrificed. The mesioincisal distance between maxillary incisors were measured. Subsequently, histological sections were prepared for histomorphometric studies. Results: 14 days after force application the orthodontic tooth movement was significantly lower in the experimental group (p<0.05). The number of osteoclasts were significantly lower in the experimental group 2, 7 and 14 days after spring insertion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethinyl estradiol/norgestrel (oral contraceptives) can significantly decrease the amount of tooth movement in the linear phase (AU)

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Maloclusión ortodóncica severa de clase II: cirugía versus distracción / Severe class II orthodontic malocclusion: distraction versus surgery

La maloclusión esquelética severa de clase II conlleva la necesidad de tratamientos complejos para la corrección completa de la alteración. La cirugía supone la solución en determinados pacientes, sobre todo fuera de crecimiento. Por otro lado, la distracción osteogénica es la alternativa para casos en crecimiento y sobre todo para el tratamiento de severas anomalías dentofaciales. En este artículo, realizamos una revisión de la literatura, para intentar exponer las opiniones contrapuestas de los diversos autores que apoyan las diferentes alternativas. Intentamos exponer las controversias y fijar las pautas que se han de seguir en la resolución de los trastornos severos de clase II que serán abordados mediante estos 2 procedimientos (AU)

Advansync ®: otro tratamiento ortopédico de clases II / Advansync ®: a class II treatment alternative

Se presenta una revisión histórica y clasificación de los distintos tipos de aparatos funcionales fijos para el tratamiento de las clases II como introducción a la presentación de un caso de una paciente de 12 años de clase II esquelética y dentaria patrón mesofacial tratada con un aparato funcional rígido fijo llamado M2M Advansync® (AU)

Laserterapia como analgésico para el movimiento dentario ortodóncico / Laser therapy as an analgesic for orthodontic tooth movement

El dolor dentario posterior a la colocación del primer arco activo en las técnicas fijas ortodóncicas se presenta con gran frecuencia. El propósito del presente trabajo es comprobar la efectividad del láser As Ga Al con respecto al dolor en un estudio descriptivo y transversal, donde se estudiaron 100 pacientes divididos en 2 grupos: para el grupo control, 50 casos, y los restantes conformaron el grupo estudio. En el primero se procedió con la colocación de la técnica fija solamente, y en el grupo estudio, además de la técnica fija, se aplicó el láser mencionado con un parámetro analgésico-antiinflamatorio y una potencia de 5 mW. La aplicación fue puntual local, con la fibra óptica, que duró 60 segundos en cada papila interdentaria que estuvo involucrada en el tratamiento de la técnica fija. Tras la evolución de todos los casos a las 24 y 48 h, se les aplicó la escala analógica visual de 3 puntos. Fueron de clasificación tolerable cuando la escala analógica visual osciló entre 0 y 1 (no dolor y dolor leve), y no tolerable cuando osciló entre 2 y 3 (dolor moderado a severo).Se observó que hubo mejoría acerca de la magnitud del dolor referida por parte de los pacientes, con diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Se registraron 4 casos con la calificación de tolerable en el grupo control, lo que en el grupo estudio fue de 32 pacientes. De forma general, hubo mejores resultados con los pacientes portadores de la técnica fija de arco recto que con la técnica fija de Ricketts montada. Se encontraron 3 casos con reacciones adversas (mareo en 2 pacientes y pico doloroso en uno solo) los que no fue significativo .Más de la mitad de los pacientes obtuvieron alivio de dolor con 1 o 2 aplicaciones de láser, lo que nos brinda una alternativa terapéutica en combinación con el tratamiento de la técnica fija ortodóncica (AU)

Orthodontic pain is very common in orthodontic bonding techniques after placing the first archwire. The aim of the present work is to determine the effectiveness of the As-Ga-Al laser on this pain in a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 100 patients were studied, divided into 2 groups: 50 cases for the control group, with the remainder making up the study group. The bonding technique only was used for the insertion in the first group, and in the study group, as well as the bonding technique, the aforementioned laser was applied at a power of 5 mW, as an analgesic-anti-inflammatory parameter. it was applied in the immediate exact location with the optic fibre, and lasted 60 seconds, in each interdental papilla that was involved in the bonding technique treatment. A 3-point visual analogue scale (vAS) was applied 24 hours and 48 hours after the treatment. They were classified as tolerable when the vAS varied between 0 and 1 (no pain or mild pain), and intolerable when it varied between 2 and 3 (moderate to severe pain). The patients observed an improvement in the intensity of the pain, with significant differences between both groups. Four cases were classified as tolerable in the control group, whereas 32 patients in the study group were classified as such. The results were generally better in those patients who received a straight-arch bonding technique than in those with the Ricketts sandwich bonding technique. There were 3 cases with adverse reactions (dizziness in 2 patients and painful peak in only one) which were not significant. There was pain improvement in more than half of the patients with 1 or 2 laser applications, thus we recommend it as an alternative treatment in combination with the orthodontic bonding technique (AU)

Posterorotación del plano oclusal (TADs): Optimización en Cirugía Ortognática Bimaxilar / No disponible

Los microtornillos (TAD’s) están definitivamente revolucionando el plano vertical de nuestra especialidad. Presentamos un caso diagnosticado como clase II esquelética de causa mandibular en patrón dolicofacial con el plano oclusal rotado en sentido antihorario donde se posteroroto el mismo con dos microtornillos colocados en el borde infra cigomático para a continuación realizar un avance mandibular ambulatorio con anestesia local y sedación consciente. La morbilidad asociada a este procedimiento es mínima en relación a la cirugía ortognatica bimaxilar alternativa (osteotomia segmentaria del maxilar con imputación posterior y osteotomia sagital de rama con avance y antero rotación mandibular) de carácter hospitalario y con anestesia general (AU)

Miniscrews (TAD´s) are definitively revolutionizing the vertical plane in our profession. We present a case diagnosed as a skeletal class II in a dolico facial pattern with a counter clockwise rotated oclusal plane where we rotated it with the use of two minis crews located in the infrazygomatic crest, followed by mandibular advancement surgery under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. The morbidity associated with this procedure is minimalin relation to an alternative bimaxillary orthognathic surgery procedure (maxillary segmentation with posterior impaction and sagittal ramus osteotomy with advancement and counter clockwise rotation of the mandible) needing hospitalization and general anesthesia (AU)

Ortodoncia y periodoncia / Orthodontics and periontics

El paciente periodontal se puede beneficiar con un tratamiento combinado de ortodoncia y periodoncia, ya que determinados movimientos dentarios como la extrusión, la intrusión, la rotación, el enderezamiento, etc pueden ser favorables para el periodonto enfermo. Lo que es fundamental antes de empezar el tratamiento de ortodoncia de un paciente periodontal es eliminarla inflamación activa de los tejidos (AU)

Periodontal patients can benefit from a combined treatment of orthodontics and periodontics, because certain tooth movements as extrusion, intrusion, rotation, straightening, etc. may be favourable for the periodontal patient. Which is essential before starting orthodontic treatment of a periodontal patient is to eliminate active inflammation of the tissues (AU)

Effect of psychological stress on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological stress on orthodontic toothmovement in Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Forty-eight female ten-week old Wistar rats with an average weight of 188 ±12 gr were selectedand randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received crowdedenvironment-induced and cat odour stresses 4 weeks before spring insertion. On the 29th day in both groups, maxillaryincisors were moved by the insertion of springs and exactly after 7 days, 9 rats from each group and after 14days the remaining rats were sacrificed. Then the mesioincisal distance between maxillary incisors was measured.Afterwards, histological sections were prepared to count osteoclasts under a light microscope. The data on theextent of orthodontic tooth movement and the number of osteoclasts were analyzed by independent sample t-test.Results: The results indicated that on the 7th day after spring placement the orthodontic tooth movement was significantlyhigher in the control group compared to the experimental group (p<0.05). The number of osteoclasts ata significance level of α=0.1 in the control group was higher compared to the experimental group. On the 14th dayafter spring placement, the orthodontic tooth movement in the control group was significantly higher comparedto the experimental group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the number of osteoclastsbetween the two groups. The rats experienced weight loss in the experimental group (p<0.05).Conclusions: Psychological stress led to a decrease in orthodontic tooth movement and in the number of osteoclastsaround the root in the movement direction in rats, but a decrease in osteoclast counts was not parallel withtime and demonstrated a nonlinear pattern. In addition, psychological stress led to weight loss in rats (AU)

El óxido nítrico como mediador de la respuesta inflamatoria. Su importancia en el movimiento dental / Nitric oxide as mediator of the inflammatory response. His importance in the dental movement

El movimiento dental ortodóncico induce per se cambios inflamatorios en los tejidos dentales. En este artículo analizamos el papel dual que puede desempeñar el óxido nítrico, pudiendo comportarse como cito protector y antiinflamatorio o bien como citotóxico y mediador del daño celular. Valoramos su función como mediador de la respuesta inflamatoria y su posible efecto protector, así como su papel de modulador de la respuesta inflamatoria tanto a nivel sistémico como local (AU)

The orthodontic tooth movement induces per se inflammatory changes in the dental tissues. In this article we analyze the dual role that can have the nitric oxide, being able to behave as citoprotective and anti.inflammatory or as citotoxic and mediator of the cellular damage. We value his function as mediator of the inflammatory response and his possible protective effect, as well as his role of modulator of the inflammatory response both at systemic and local level (AU)

Ayuda clínica / No disponible

No disponible

Movement evaluation of overerupted upper molars with absolute anchorage: An in-vitro study

Introduction: The overeruption of upper molars due to the premature loss of antagonist teeth can be treated with the help of miniscrews. The aim of this study was to evaluate the movement of a typodont molar according tothe biomechanical approach used with miniscrews. Study design: The study was conducted with four plastermodels filled with typodont wax. In each model we used one absolute anchorage on the palatal side and another on the buccal side in different positions, thus generating four different biomechanical systems. A force of 150 gwas applied to each side of the resin tooth. Periapical radiographs were taken preintrusion and immediately aftercompletion of the intrusion. Photographs were taken in both the sagittal and occlusal planes every 3 min. Theradiographic films and photographs were measured and compared. Results: A vertical movement of the molar was observed in all the models, with system 4 showing the greatest movement. Rotation in the occlusal plane only occurred in system 2, while in system 1 there was a change in the axial axis of 37 degrees. Conclusions: The anchorage site and the combination of forces applied may determine the resulting tooth movement (AU)

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Aplicación clínica de la terapia génica al movimiento dentario ortodóncico. Comparativa frente a la corticotomía alveolar / No disponible

El movimiento dentario ortodóncico se sustenta en bases biomoleculares y genéticas específicas en cada paciente. Sin embargo, existen determinados nexos comunes que rigen la velocidad del movimiento dentario a través de la estructura ósea alveolar. La disminución en el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico constituye aún hoy un reto pendiente por los profesionales de la materia, dependiendo éste directamente de la biología ósea. En la efervescente actualidad son muchos los autores que proponen la corticotomía alveolar como una técnica de apoyo a la ortodoncia en búsqueda de una aceleración inducida del movimiento dentario ortodóncico. Sin embargo, tal aceleración radica en última instancia en las bases biológicas del conocido como fenómeno de aceleración regional (RAP) desencadenado en el entorno óseo. Por otro lado, las vías moleculares de activación osteoclásticas y por tanto de reabsorción ósea, están íntimamente relacionadas con el (..) (AU)

Factores modificantes del movimiento dentario ortodóncico / Modifiers factors of orthodontic tooth movement

El fenómeno de la remodelación ósea es fundamental tanto para ortodoncia como para la ortopedia dentofacial. Esta revisión clínica es sobre la relación de la actividad ósea desencadenada por las fuerzas ortodóncicas con diversos factores, como factores propios de los pacientes, moléculas producidas por tejidos enfermos, o drogas y nutrientes consumidas regularmente por los pacientes, los que pueden alcanzar los tejidos periodontales mecánicamente estresados por las fuerzas ortodóncicas a través de la circulación sanguínea, interactuando así con células blanco que producen la remodelación ósea necesaria para el movimiento dentario ortodóncico. El efecto combinado de estas fuerzas mecánicas con alguno de estos agentes pueden ser inhibitorio, aditivo o sinérgico. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los mecanismos de acción y los efectos de algunas de las drogas y otros factores sobre la remodelación del tejido óseo y el movimiento dentario ortodóncico (AU)

Bone remodeling is fundamental to orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. This clinically oriented overview relate bone responses to orthodontic forces with many factors. Molecules produced in various diseased tissues, or drugs and nutrients consumed regularly by patients, can reach the mechanically stressed paradental tissues through the circulation, and interact with local target cells. The combined effect of mechanical forces and one or more of these agents may be inhibitory, additive or synergistic. The objective of this review is to outline the mechanisms of action and effects of some commonly used drugs and other factors on tissue remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement (AU)

Evaluación del efecto de prensado en prótesis totales maxilares sobre la movilidad de los dientes artificiales, en función del tipo de inclusión / Evaluation of the effect of full denture pressing on the artificial teeth mobility, in function of two type of flasking

El presente trabajo evaluó el movimiento de los dientes artificiales en prótesis totales maxilares, sometidas a diversas presiones durante el prensado y el efecto de este en relación al material usado en la inclusión. Treinta y seis réplicas de prótesis totales previamente confeccionadas, fueran divididas en seis grupos: Los grupos G1,G2 y G3 fueron incluidos con yeso tipo III, a una presión de 800, 1.000 y 1.250 kgf respectivamente y los grupos S1, S2 y S3 fueron incluidos con una barrera de silicona y yeso, a una presión de 800, 1.000 y 1.250kgf, respectivamente. Las prótesis fueron medidas en puntos demarcados previamente en los segundos molares, premolares e incisivo central con el programa de computación gráfica (AutoCad 2000), después de cada etapa: encerado, polimerización y emuflado. La comparación entre estas dos fases permitió observar que: en los grupos (G1 y S1) donde se utilizó la menor presión (800 kgf) ocurrieron las mayores alteraciones en el posicionamiento de los dientes artificiales y que el grupo que mostró menores alteraciones fue cuando se utilizó 1.250 kgf de presión y la inclusión fue con yeso (AU)

The present study evaluated artificial teeth movement in complete dentures, submitted to different flasking loading and the effect of these loading pressures on the material used in the flasking procedure. Thirty-six dentures were fabricated and equally divided into six groups: Groups G1, G2 and G3 were processed with type III gypsum and 800, 1000 and 1250 kgf loading pressures, respectively, and groups S1, S2 and S3 were processed with silicone barrier and 800, 1000 and 1250 kgf loading pressures, respectively. In order to evaluate the artificial teeth movement, measurements were performed from previously determined points down in the second molars tips and in the second pre-molars cusps and in the central incisor. Those points were scanned (Scan Jet 6100C - Hewlett Packard) and then the measurements were performed and analyzed through the use of the AutoCad 2000 software, during the wax and the post-polymerization phases. The comparison between these two phases allowed the following observations: in groups (G1 and S1) where less loading pressure was used (800 kgf), the movements in the artificial teeth positions were the highest, and the group that presented the lowest changes was the one processed with type III gypsum and 1250 kgf loading pressure (AU)

Opciones de tratamiento. Así fue tratado / No disponible

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Efecto del estrés sobre el movimiento dental / Effect of stress on dental movement

Introducción. Es bien conocido que la actividad remodeladora del hueso alveolar en los tejidos periodontales ocurre bajo ciertas circunstancias. Factores sistémicos pueden estar involucrados en la regulación de la actividad degradadora tisular. La reabsorción ósea es regulada por las citoquinas, que se encuentran dentro de las células medulares, que median la activación y formación de osteoclastos. Material y método. Veinticuatro ratas fueron asignadas al azar en cuatro grupos de seis ratas cada uno: grupo control, grupo estrés, grupo con movimiento dental y grupo de movimiento dental y estrés. Para ejercer la fuerza ortodóncica se utilizó un método modificado por Kohno et al. Las ratas fueron sometidas a una banda ancha de ruidos de 100 dB diarios por 5 segundos cada minuto durante períodos de 1 a 3 horas alrededor de la medianoche, en el pico de la actividad diurna. Se midió el movimiento dentario por un método modificado que fue descrito previamente por King et al (1991).Resultados. A los siete y catorce días se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo del movimiento dental en animales sujetos a estrés comparados con aquellos no estresados. Discusión. Estudios recientes han sugerido que la regulación de la remodelación ósea puede estar influenciada por el sistema inmune a través de la producción de citoquinas por las células inflamatorias presentes tras la aplicación de fuerzas ortodóncicas. Numerosos estudios interdisciplinarios psicoinmunológicos han evidenciado que estímulos externos que generan repuestas de estrés emocional pueden influir y modular al sistema inmune por la vía del sistema nervioso y neuroendocrino (AU)

Introduction. The active remodeling of alveolar bone in periodontal tissues is well known to occur in various kinds of conditions. Systemic factors may be involved in the regulation of the tissue-degrading activity. Bone resorption is regulated by the cytokines within marrow cells that mediate osteoclast formation and activation. Psychological responses to stressors have been shown to modulate the immune system though the neural and endocrine system in at least three different pathways. Material and method. Twenty-four rats, were randomly assigned into four groups of six rats each, control, stress, dental movement, stress and dental movement. To exert orthodontic force we used a modified method described by Kohno et al. The rats were subjected to a broad band noise at 100 dB daily for 5 seconds every minute during a 1 or 3-h period around midnight, at the height of the diurnal activity cycle. Unstimulated rats were exposed only to the normal activity of the animal room. Tooth movement assessed by extra-oral cephalometric radiographic view from the superior, by a modified method that was previously described by King et al (1991).Results. At seven and fourteen days we observed a statistically significant increase of dental movement in the animals subject to stress compared to those not stressed. Discussion. Recent studies have suggested that the regulation of bone remodeling can be influenced by the immune system though cytokine production from inflammatory cells present after the application of orthodontic forces. Numerous interdisciplinary psychoimmunological studies have provided evidence that external stimuli generating emotional stress responses may influence and modulate the immune system via nervous and neuroendochrine system (AU)

¿Versión o Gresión?. He ahí el dilema / No disponible

En el presente trabajo se hace un repaso histórico acerca de los inconvenientes que presentan las distintas aparatologías ortodóncicas a la hora de controlar los movimientos dentarios. Se intenta dar explicación, de manera razonada, a las causas que han dado origen a la idea generalizada de que el movimiento en versión debe ser desechado y evitado a ultranza. Se presentan las razones de diseño y de biomecáncia por las que, según la opinión del autor, la técnica de arco recto de anclaje diferencial es la más idónea para resolver las necesidades de máximo anclaje, que en algunos casos, como en los dos que se muestran en detalle, se pueden dar en el ejercicio clínico (AU)

The following paper historically reviews the inconveniences of certain orthodontic appliances in terms of controlling dental movements. The intention is to give a reasonable explanation to what has caused the generalized idea that version movement must be radically discarded and avoided. It also present the design and biomechanics reasons why, in the author´s opinion, the Straight Wire Differential Anchorage Technique is the most appropriate to resolve maximum-anchorage needs that may arise in some cases, such as the two detailed below (AU)