Character Strengths and Emotion Self-Regulation in Brazilian Workers / Fortalezas del carácter y autorregulación emocional en trabajadores brasileños

Las fortalezas del carácter y la autorregulación de las emociones son recursos psicológicos relevantes para ayudar a los trabajadores a hacer frente a las demandas actuales en trabajo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo probar la asociación y el poder predictivo de las fortalezas del carácter con respecto a la autorregulación emocional. Un total de 203 participantes con edades entre 18 y 68 años respondieron el cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Fortaleza del Carácter - Breve (EFC-Breve) y la Escala de Autorregulación Emocional - Adulto (EARE-AD). Los resultados indicaron asociaciones de débiles a fuertes entre los factores CSS-Brief y ESRS-AD. La fortaleza intrapersonal y las fortalezas intelectuales e interpersonales predijeron las estrategias de autorregulación emocional susceptibles de ser adoptadas por los trabajadores. La evidencia recopilada sugirió diferencias significativas en ESRS-AD y CSS-Brief con respecto a las características sociodemográficas de los participantes. Estos resultados se han producido independientemente del nivel jerárquico y del departamento de trabajo de los trabajadores.(AU)

Character strengths and emotion self-regulation are relevant psychological resources to help workers cope with current demands in the workplace. The present investigation aimed to test the association with and the predictive power of the character strengths regarding emotion self-regulation. A total of 203 participants aged 18 to 68 years answered the so-ciodemographic questionnaire, Character Strength Scale –Brief (CSS-Brief), and the Emotion Self-Regulation Scale –Adult (ESRS-AD). The findings indicated weak to strong associations between the CSS-Brief and ESRS-AD factors. The intrapersonal strength and the intellectual and in-terpersonal strengths predicted the emotion self-regulation strategies likely to be adopted by the workers. The gathered evidence suggested significant differences in the ESRS-AD and CSS-Brief regarding the participants’ so-ciodemographic features. These results have occurred regardless of the workers’ hierarchical level and job department.(AU)

The Link between Abstract Thinking Style and Subjective Well-Being: Its Impact when People are in (Real or Perceived) Financial Scarcity

Across three studies, we explored the link between an abstract mindset and subjective well-being (SWB) in participants with real and/or perceived financial scarcity. In Studies 1 and 2, samples presented real objective financial vulnerability: Adolescents from lower-middle income districts (Study 1; N = 256), and adults without higher education and with very low incomes (Study 2; N = 210). In Studies 1 and 2 participants completed a survey including measures of thinking style and SWB. In Studies 2 and 3 perception of financial difficulty and SWB were also measured. Study 3 (N = 161) used a sample of university students and employed an experimental design manipulating participants’ thinking style (i.e., concrete versus abstract mindset conditions); additionally, all participants were induced to perceive financial scarcity. Correlations revealed a significant and positive relationship between an abstract thinking style and SWB (Studies 1 and 2). Thus, these results showed that a relatively more abstract thinking style was associated with greater life satisfaction. In Studies 2 and 3 mediation analyses indicated that adults who presented a more abstract thinking style, perceived lower financial difficulties and then reported greater SWB. Overall, given that an abstract thinking style can be induced, these results offer a new intervention approach for improving the SWB of people living in situations of financial scarcity. (AU)

Transdiagnostic Unified Protocol for Women with Breast Cancer: A Preliminary Study

This article aimed to explore the feasibility and clinical utility of the online Unified Protocol to improve emotional regulation with women diagnosed with breast cancer. Method. Research with a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and interactive approach, with a quasi-experimental design, pre-posttest for paired samples. Nine women with an average age of 53 years (SD= 9.5; range from 41 to 71) participated in a psychological intervention of 12 weekly 90-minute sessions. A statistically significant change (p < 0.05) between pre and post-test measurements in Anxiety (t= 2.777; p=.024), Quality of life (Z= -2.670; p=.008), Optimism (t= -2.785; p= .024) and Positive Affect (t= -3.834; p=.005) were found. The size of the effect was moderate in Optimism and big in Anxiety, Quality of life and Positive Affect. High levels of treatment satisfaction were found. The intervention was useful to improve the emotional regulation of women with a medical condition in a pandemic context. (AU)

El papel mediador de la fuerza del compromiso entre los estilos de procesamiento de la identidad y el bienestar de jóvenes adultos emergentes / The mediating role of the strength of commitment between the styles of identity processing and the well-being of emerging young adults

Los estilos de identidad buscan conocer cómo las personas se manejan diariamente en las situaciones buscando un compromiso identitario. En este trabajo se propone conocer si los estilos de identidad varían según la edad y el sexo, y analizar la relación entre estos y la fuerza del compromiso con variables de bienestar y malestar psicológico. Método: 278 participantes (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65) reclutados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve cumplimentaron los cuestionarios. Resultados: Las mujeres puntuaron más alto en fuerza del compromiso y ellos adoptaron más un estilo difuso-evitativo. El estilo informacional correlacionó positivamente con las variables de bienestar (optimismo y florecimiento); el estilo normativo con depresión y ansiedad y el estilo difuso-evitativo correlacionó positivamente con las variables de malestar (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) y negativamente con las de bienestar. Finalmente, a mayor fuerza del compromiso más bienestar y menos malestar. La fuerza del compromiso media parcial o totalmente la relación entre estilos identitarios y las variables de bienestar/malestar. Conclusiones: Se deduce la importancia de la fuerza del compromiso en el bienestar personal y la necesidad de favorecer el desarrollo de la identidad de nuestros jóvenes.(AU)

Background:Identity styles seek to know how people handle themselves daily in situations looking for an identity commitment. This ar-ticle aims to find out whether identity styles vary according to age and sex, and to analyze the relation between these identity styles and the strength of commitment with variables of well-being and psychological distress. In ad-dition, it investigates whether commitment mediates between identity styles, well-being and psychological distress.Method:278 participants (M = 22.03; DT = 2.65), recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sam-pling, completed the questionnaires. Results:Women scored higher in strength of commitment and men adopted a more diffusive-avoidant style. Age did not relate to identity style. The informational stylecorrelated posi-tively with well-being variables (flourishing and optimism); the normative style with depression and anxiety and the diffuse-avoidant style correlated positively with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) and negatively with well-being. Finally, the greater the strength of commitment found, the more flourishing and optimism and the less psychological dis-tress there was. The strength of commitment partially or totally mediated the relationship between identity styles and thevariables of well-being / psychological distress. Conclusions:The importance of the strength of com-mitment in personal well-being and the necessity to favour the develop-ment of young people ́s identity is observed / deduced.(AU)

Optimism, Resilience, and Infertility-Specific Stress during Assisted Reproductive Technology / El optimismo, la resiliencia y el estrés especifico por infertilidad en la aplicación de las técnicas de reproducción asistida

Background: Infertility generates high levels of stress to women. The aim was to explore optimism and resilience among women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Method: Participants were recruited in a private fertility clinic. The sample consisted of 229 women under medical treatment for fertility who completed the following self-report instruments: a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Resilience Scale (RS), Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and STAI State and STAI Trait. Results: Our data revealed that high resilience levels were associated with a reduced psychological stress (β = .02, p < .001, 95% CI [.34, .13]). A significant negative correlation between perceived stress and resilience (r = -.320, p = .001) was found. Conclusion: The findings highlight the protective mediating role of resilience when women are confronted with the negative effects of infertility diagnosis and assisted reproductive technology (ART), and therefore the potential utility of resilience to reduce infertility-specific stress. (AU)

Antecedentes: La infertilidad genera un nivel de estrés elevado en la mujer. El objetivo era explorar el optimismo y la resiliencia en las mujeres que se someten a técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA). Método: Los participantes fueron reclutados en una clínica de fertilidad privada. La muestra estuvo conformada por 229 mujeres en tratamiento médico para de fertilidad que cumplimentaron los siguientes instrumentos de autoinforme: cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico, Escala de Resiliencia (RS), Test de Orientación a la Vida (LOT-R), Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS) y STAI Estado y Rasgo. Resultados: Los datos revelaron que un nivel elevado de resiliencia se asociaba con menos estrés psicológico (β = .02, p < .001, IC del 95 % [.34, .13]). Se obtuvo una correlación negativa significativa entre estrés percibido y resiliencia (r = -.320, p = .001). Conclusión: Los hallazgos resaltan el papel mediador protector de la resiliencia cuando las mujeres se enfrentan a los efectos negativos del diagnóstico de infertilidad y las técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) y, por lo tanto, la utilidad potencial de la resiliencia para reducir el estrés específico de la infertilidad. (AU)

Sense of coherence, resilience, and habitual optimism in cancer patients

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three resource variables sense of coherence, resilience, and dispositional optimism become impaired when people are ill with cancer, whether there are sex and age differences in these variables, and how these variables are associated with quality of life (QoL). Method: A sample of 1108 patients with mixed cancer diagnoses were examined using the Sense of Coherence Scale-3 (SOC-3), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and the QoL questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: The three resource variables showed somewhat lower levels in the patients’ sample in comparison with general population controls, with effect sizes between −0.10 and −0.23. While there were only small sex differences in the resource variables, significant age differences were found in these variables, with stronger detriments in younger patients. The correlations among the resource variables ranged between .53 and .61. Sense of coherence was more strongly correlated with QoL than resilience and optimism. Conclusions: Cancer patients with low levels of personal resources adapt to their disease more poorly than patients with high levels. In addition to limitations in QoL, health care professionals should also consider patients’ resources for coping with the disease. Special attention should be given to young cancer patients. (AU)

Bienestar psicológico del personal sanitario de urgencias durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Psychological wellbeing of the emergency healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: conocer el bienestar psicológico, la resiliencia y el optimismo de los profesionales sanitarios de los Servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19, así como identificar factores asociados al bienestar psicológico.Método: estudio descriptivo (enero-abril de 2021). La población de estudio fueron profesionales sanitarios que trabajaron en los Servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias durante la tercera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Murcia (España). Se diseñó un cuestionario que recopilaba datos sociodemográficos y profesionales, e incluía tres escalas validadas para valorar optimismo, bienestar emocional y resiliencia. El cuestionario se distribuyó por correo electrónico. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico.Resultados: 197 trabajadores, 145 (73,6%) fueron mujeres. Edad media (DE) 36,7 (9,98) años. Los profesionales mostraron niveles de bienestar psicológico medio-alto (80%), la falta de autonomía fue el área más afectada, especialmente en las mujeres. En cuanto a la resiliencia y al optimismo aparecen valores medios moderados, siendo los sanitarios que presentaban más años de experiencia los que mostraron mejores niveles de resiliencia (p= 0,03). Las variables que mejor explicaron los niveles de bienestar psicológico fueron el optimismo y la resiliencia.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los sanitarios refirió niveles promedio altos de bienestar psicológico, y niveles medios de resiliencia y optimismo. El menor bienestar psicológico percibido apareció en mujeres, enfermeras y con menos años de experiencia. La dimensión más afectada fue la dependencia en la toma de decisiones. Una actitud optimista y resiliente contribuyó a explicar el bienestar percibido de los sanitarios.(AU)

Objective: to understand the psychological wellbeing, resilience and optimism of healthcare professionals from the Emergency Units during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify those factors associated with psychological wellbeing.Method: a descriptive study (January-April 2021). The study population were healthcare professionals working in the Emergency Units during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Murcia (Spain). A questionnaire was designed to collect sociodemographic and professional data; it included three validated scales to assess optimism, emotional wellbeing and resilience. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail. There was descriptive and analytical analysis.Results: the study included 197 workers; 145 (73.6%) were female. Their mean age (SD) was 36.7 (9-98) years. Professionals showed a medium-high level of psychological wellbeing (80%); lack of independence was the most affected area, particularly in women. Regarding resilience and optimism, there were moderate mean values, with those healthcare professionals with more years of experience presenting better levels of resilience (p= 0.03). The variables which better explained the levels of psychological wellbeing were optimism and resilience.Conclusions: the majority of healthcare professionals reported high average levels of psychological wellbeing, and medium levels of resilience and optimism. The lowest psychological wellbeing perceived appeared in women, nurses, and those with less years of experience. The most affected dimension was dependence in decision making. An optimistic and resilient attitude contributed to explain the wellbeing perceived among healthcare professionals.(AU)

Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on personal well-being:A longitudinal study in Spanish population / Efectos del confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en el bienestar personal: Un estudio longitudinal en población española

El principal objetivo de este estudio longitudinal con dos medi-ciones, una antes del período de confinamiento M1 (del 2 al 8 de marzo), y otra durante el confinamiento M2 (del 20 al 26 de abril), realizadas a los mismos participantes, es conocer la evolución de los aspectos hedónicos y eudaimónicos del bienestar yel efecto que sobre ellos ha supuesto el confinamiento obligatorio debido a la pandemia por COVID-19 en España. El estudio se realizó online, los participantes completaron los dominios de la medida de bienestar “The PERMAProfiler” en ambas mediciones (M1y M2) y la medida de optimismo disposicional “Life Orientation Test-Revised” (LOT-R) en la primera medición (M1). Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre todos los dominios de bienestar y con la puntuación PERMA Global Bienestar, similares en ambas mediciones (M1 y M2). La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de los dominios de bienestar entre ambas mediciones muestra diferencias significativas en Emociones Positivas, Compromiso, Significado y en la puntuación de PERMA Global Bienestar; la puntuación es más elevada en la primera medición (M1) que en la segunda medición (M2). En el dominio Emociones Negativas, la puntuación es más alta en el período de confinamiento (M2). El optimismo disposicional ejerce un efecto de moderación durante elconfinamiento en el dominio de Logros: cuánto más optimista es la persona más aumenta su puntuación en este dominio. El género también ejerce un efecto de moderación durante el confinamiento en el dominio de Felicidad: en los hombres aumenta la puntuaciónde Felicidad durante el período de confinamiento y en las mujeres disminuye, comparados ambos con sus niveles previos de no confinamiento.(AU)

The main objective of this longitudinal study, with two measurements, one before the lockdown (M1: March 28), and the other during the lockdown (M2: April 2026), using the same participants, is to determine the evolution of the hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being and the effect of compulsory confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. The study was conducted online, participants completed the domains of the PERMA-Profiler well-being measureat both measurement times (M1 and M2) and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-sR) measure of dispositional optimism at the first measurement (M1). The re-sults show significant relationships between all the well-being domains and the Overall Well-being (PERMA) score, similar at both measurements (M1 and M2). The comparison of the well-being domains score between the two measurements shows significant differences in Positive Emotion, Engagement, Meaning, and the Overall Well-being score; the score is higher at the first measurement (M1) than at the second measurement (M2). For the Negative Emotion domain, the score is higher during the lockdown (M2). Dispositional optimism has a moderation effect during the lockdown on the Accomplishment domain: the more optimistic the person is, the more their Accomplishment score increases. Gender also has a moderation effect during the lockdown on the Happiness domain: in men, the Happiness score increases during the lockdown and, in women, it decreases, when comparing both genders with their previous non confinement levels.(AU)

El papel de las emociones en el patrón de secuenciación de actividades: un estudio experimental / The role of affect in pacing: an experimental study

Las personas con dolor crónico cambian la forma de realizar las actividades cotidianas, diferenciándose diversos patrones, entre ellos, la secuenciación de actividades (pacing). La bibliografía acerca de la relación entre pacing y afecto muestran resultados contradictorios. El objetivo de este estudio fue contrastar experimentalmente, en una muestra de 145 estudiantes, si la inducción de afecto positivo vs negativo influía en la elección del tipo de “pacing” (“pacingpara aumentar la productividad” y “pacingpara reducir el dolor”) cuando los participantes eran expuestos a dolor, controlando las variables optimismo y catastrofismo. Los resultados de la regresión logística multinomial no mostraron relación entre las variables. El pacing es una estrategia de intervención presente en todos los modelos de intervención en dolor crónico y, por tanto, es relevante seguir profundizando acerca del rol del afecto en relación al mismo.(AU)

People with chronic pain often change the way they carry out their daily activities according to different patterns, among which are pacing strategies. Cross-sectional studies on the association between pacing andaffectshow contradictory results. The study aim was to experimentally test whether the induction of positive affect vs negative affect would influence the choice of the type of pacing (pacing to increase productivity or pacing to reduce pain) when the participants were exposed to pain, while controlling for the variables optimism and catastrophism. The study participants comprised a sample of 145 undergraduates. The results ofmultinomial logistic regression showed that there was no association between the variables. Pacing is an intervention strategy in all chronic pain intervention models, and thus it is relevant to continue investigating the role of affect in relation to pacing.(AU)

Are physicians aging well? Subjective successful aging, happiness, optimism, and resilience in a sample of Brazilian aging doctors

Background and objectives: The elderly physician population is increasing worldwide. Data on how doctors have aged are scarce. The purpose of this study is to evaluate subjective successful aging (SSA) and its correlations with resilience, happiness, and optimism in a sample of older physicians.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with physicians over 65, through face-to-face interviews. All the volunteers answered the following: Self-rate successful aging; CD-RISC 10; Subjective Happiness Scale; LOT-R; SF-36; and a socio-demographic questionnaire.ResultsThe mean of self-rate successful aging in SSA was 8.65 (92.3% over or equal to 7), and significant and positive correlations were found between resilience (r = 0.33) and happiness (r = 0.68). No correlation was found between age subset (young-old x old) or physical limitations and evaluation of SSA.ConclusionPhysicians evaluated aging as successful regardless of health and limitations. SSA had a positive correlation with resilience and happiness. (AU)

Mediación de la satisfacción vital entre la inteligencia emocional y el optimismo en personas con discapacidad intelectual / Mediator Effect of Vital Satisfactionbetween Emotional Intelligence and Optimismin People with Intellectual Disability

Durante mucho tiempo las personas con discapacidad intelectual, por su condición, han sido relegadas a un segundo plano en lo referente a su papel como interlocutores válidos en la gestión de sus propias vidas, siendo prácticamente inexistente su participación en las diferentes estructuras sociales. En este estudio, participaron 79 personas con discapacidad intelectual, con una edad media de 36,82 años (±13,50) y grado de discapacidad promedio del 61,70 %. Se utilizaron los instrumentos: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 (TMMS 24) y Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQi-C). El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el optimismo vs pesimismo, actuando como variable mediadora la Satisfacción Vital a través de la estadística multivariante de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados evidenciaron la relación positiva entre varias de las dimensiones de los instrumentos utilizados (p < ,01). Por otra parte, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales obtuvo buena validez estructural (?²/gl = 2,855; RMSEA = ,074; GFI = ,901; CFI = ,912; IFI = ,919). Las consecuencias prácticas permitirán entender el valor instrumental o mediador de la Satisfacción Vital en los procesos de desarrollo personal y social. (AU)

For a long time, people with intellectual disabilities, due to their condi-tion, have been relegated to the background regarding their role as valid interlocutors in the management of their own lives, being their participation practically non-existent in the different social structures. In this study, 79 people with intellectual disability par-ticipated, with an average degree age of 36.82 years (±13.50) and average degree of dis-ability of 61.70%. The instruments were used: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R), Trait Meta Mood Scale 24 (TMMS 24) and Emo-tional Quotient Inventory (EQi-C). The objective was to determine the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Optimism vs Pessimism, acting Life Satisfaction as a mediating variable, using the multivariate statistical of structural equations. On one hand, the results evidenced the positive relationship between several of the dimensions of the instruments used (p < ,01). On the other hand, the structural equation model obtained good structural validity (χ²/gl = 2.855; RMSEA = ,074; GFI = ,901; CFI= ,912; IFI = ,919). The practical consequences will allow us to understand the instrumental or mediating value of Life Satisfaction in the processes of personal and social development. (AU)

The impact of psychological capital, psychological empowerment, and sports anxiety on the sports industry performance in Iraq Soccer Players / El impacto del capital psicológico, el empoderamiento psicológico y la ansiedad deportiva en el desempeño de la industria del deporte en los jugadores de fútbol de Irak

The sports industry's performance in any nation relies on the performance of its players. The performance of soccer players in Iraq and the performance of the sports industry are declining. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological capital, psychological empowerment, and sports anxiety in Iraqi soccer players. This study gathered quantitative data from Iraqi soccer players competing at the local, national, and international levels. This study employs partial least square – structural equation modeling to test its hypotheses. In addition, the purpose of this research is to enhance the performance of the sports industry in Iraq. This study revealed that psychological capital, psychological empowerment, and sports anxiety had a substantial impact on the success of the Iraqi sports business. This study introduced a new framework and substantially contributed to the corpus of knowledge. This study's theoretical and practical ramifications are equally noteworthy for enhancing the performance of the Iraqi sports business. This study's future directions would be useful for exploring future gaps in the literature.(AU)

Dimensionality and Accuracy of Measurement Based on Item Response Theory in the Fatalism Scale During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

The Fatalism Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring fatalistic beliefs about health. However, no previous studies have been conducted to verify its psychometric properties across different populations and, most importantly, during a public health emergency. Hence, this study aimed to examine the factorial structure, reliability, construct validity, and accuracy of measurement of the Fatalism Scale during the COVID-19 pandemic among Italian-speaking people. The total sample was comprised of 300 participants. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Construct validity was estimated by comparing fatalism scores with two theoretically-related constructs (i.e., optimism, locus of control). The test information function was analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of measurement based on item response theory (IRT). Differences in fatalism scores across gender were examined by performing MANOVAs. Results show a four-factor model: Luck, Powerlessness, Predetermination, and Pessimism with adequate fit indices and satisfactory internal consistency. Data support the expected relationships between fatalism subscales and related measures. The test information function and standard error curve provide the largest amount of information around = zero and two standard deviations above the mean in the latent trait. Significant differences across gender are observed in Luck and Pessimism subscales. Our study suggests that the Fatalism Scale is a valuable tool for assessing fatalism during an acute health crisis among Italian-speaking people. This instrument might be useful for assessing fatalism during future waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health crises (AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) for Sport / Propiedades Psicométricas del Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) para el Deporte / Propriedades Psicométricas do Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) para o Esporte

The main objective of this research was to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test Revised version for the Brazilian sports context (LOT-R). The sample consisted of 953 young Brazilian athletes of both sexes, with a mean age of 16 years. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis produced two correlated dimensions, reflecting optimism and pessimism, and provided support for a two-factor model. A satisfactory fit was found for LOT-R for sport (LOT-R-Sport) with six items (χ2=4.541, df=8; CFI=1; TLI=1;RMSEA=0 [90%IC = 0.000 -0.024]; SRMR=0.016). Satisfactory tests of internal consistency were also generated through the analysis of factor loadings. The Composite Reliability indices (0.72/ 0.70) were suitablefor Optimism and Pessimism, respectively. Motivation, Resilience and Satisfaction with Life showed positive correlations with Optimism and negative correlations with Pessimism, indicative of convergent validity.The configural, metric and scalar invariance was achieved, indicating that the LOT-R-Sport can measure athletes of different sexes, sports, ages and years of experience equally. Although more studies are needed to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument, the adaptation of the LOT-R-Sport was the first step in the future works about the influence of Optimism on sports performance. (AU)

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue adaptar y evaluar culturalmente las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileira del Life Orientation Test Revisedpara el contexto deportivo (LOT-R). La muestra consistió en 953 jóvenes atletas brasileños de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 16 años. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio produjeron dos dimensiones correlacionadas, que reflejan optimismoy pesimismo, y brindaron apoyo para un modelo de dos factores. Se encontró un ajuste satisfactorio para LOT-R con 6 ítems (χ2=4.541, df=8; CFI=1; TLI=1; RMSEA=0 [90%IC = 0.000 -0.024]; SRMR=0.016).También se generaron pruebas satisfactorias de consistencia interna a través del análisis de cargas factoriales. La Fiabilidad Compuesta (.72/ .70) fue adecuada en las variables latentes Optimismo y Pesimismo, respectivamente. Motivación, Resiliencia y Satisfacción con la Vida mostraron correlaciones positivas con Optimismo y correlaciones negativas con Pesimismo, indicativo de validez convergente.Se logró la invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar, lo que indica que LOT-R-Sport puede medir atletas de diferentessexos,deportes, edades y años de experiencia por igual. Aunque se necesitan más estudios para confirmar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, la adaptación de LOT-R al contexto deportivo fue el primer paso en el futuro sobre la influencia del Optimismo en el rendimiento deportivo. (AU)

O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar culturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da Life Orientation Test Revisada para o contexto esportivo (LOT-R). A amostra foi composta por 953 jovens atletas brasileiros de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 16 anos. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória produziram duas dimensões correlacionadas, refletindo otimismo e pessimismo e forneceram suportepara um modelo de dois fatores. Foi encontrado um ajuste satisfatório para LOT-R para o esporte (LOT-R-Sport) com seis itens ítems (χ2=4.541, df=8; CFI=1; TLI=1; RMSEA=0 [90%IC = 0.000 -0.024]; SRMR=0.016). Testes satisfatórios de consistência interna foram gerados através da análise de cargas fatoriais. Os índices Confiabilidade Composta (0.72/ 0.70) foram adequados para Otimismo e Pessimismo, respectivamente. Motivação, Resiliência e Satisfação com a Vida apresentaram correlações positivas com Otimismo e negativas com Pessimismo, indicativo de validade convergente.A invariância configural, métrica e escalar foi alcançada, indicando que o LOT-R-Sport pode avaliar de diferentessexos, modalidades, idadese anosde experiência igualmente. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos para confirmar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, a adaptação do LOT-R-Sport ao contexto esportivo foi o primeiro passo para futuros estudos sobre a influência do otimismo no desempenho esportivo. (AU)

Social support and well-being among eelocating women: the mediating roles of resilience and optimism / El apoyo social y el bienestar en las mujeres expatriadas: el papel mediador de la resiliencia y el optimismo

The relative lack of research on the relocation of women to foreign assignments prompted this study that focused on a large online community of women in relocation. We examined the relationship between two support types, perceived social support (PSS) and online support, and well-being measures (meaning in life, depression, and loneliness) in the new setting. Based on the literature, we hypothesized that (a) PSS and online support positively relate to personal resilience and optimism, (b) resilience and optimism positively associate with well-being levels, and (c) resilience and optimism mediate the association between both types of support and well-being. Two waves of data (T1 & T2) were collected in the current study. The results largely reflected the propositions, with some deviations from the expected model, and indicated that resilience was the more prominent mediator at both T1 and T2. A complex pattern of relationships was documented between various types of virtual support and well-being. Women who received social support could foster a positive, optimistic future perspective experience and an increased sense of meaning in their lives. This study engendered implications for organizations' appropriate preparation of relocating staff, in general, and the relocation of women employees, in particular (AU)

La relativa falta de investigación sobre las mujeres expatriadas ha propiciado este estudio, centrado en una amplia comunidad online de mujeres en esa situación. Analizamos la relación de dos tipos de apoyo, apoyo social percibido (ASP) y apoyo online y las medidas de bienestar (sentido de la vida, depresión y soledad) en el nuevo escenario. De acuerdo con la literatura científica planteamos las hipótesis de que a) el ASP y el apoyo online se relacionan positivamente con la resiliencia personal y el optimismo, b) estos últimos se asocian positivamente con el nivel de bienestar y c) median en la asociación entre ambos tipo de apoyo y bienestar. Se recogieron dos oleadas de datos (T1 y T2) en el presente estudio. Los resultados reflejaban ampliamente las proposiciones con alguna desviación del modelo esperado e indicaban que la resiliencia era el mediador más sobresaliente tanto en T1 como en T2. Se documentó un complejo patrón de relaciones entre diversos tipos de apoyo virtual y bienestar. Aquellas mujeres que habían recibido apoyo social podían albergar una experiencia perspectiva futura optimista y una mayor sensación de significado en su vida. El estudio tiene implicaciones para la adecuada preparación de las organizaciones para la asignación de un trabajo en el exterior su personal y en particular a las mujeres empleadas (AU)

Optimismo Disposicional Y Estrés: Claves Para Promover El Bienestar Psicológico / Dispositional Optimism And Stress: Keys To Promoting Psychological Well-Being

Numerosos estudios señalan que los factores psicológicos afectan de forma importante al funcionamiento fisiológico del organismo. El optimismo disposicional considerado un rasgo unidimensional de personalidad, se relaciona con las expectativas de éxito futuro según la Self-Regulatory Behavior Theory. En diversos estudios, el optimismo se propone como factor modulador de la respuesta de estrés tanto crónico como agudo ya que altos niveles en la dimensión se asocian con bajos niveles de estrés percibido y cortisol. Además, el optimismo parece ser una variable clave en la regulación del ritmo circadiano del eje Hipotálamo-Hipófiso Adrenal (HHA). Esta influencia se ha estudiado con datos de cortisol en pelo, la respuesta matutina de cortisol y el nivel de cortisol a lo largo del día, encontrando resultados inconsistentes hasta el momento. En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación entre el optimismo y la respuesta de estrés acorde al eje HHA que ha mostrado ser relevante en la promoción del bienestar físico y psicológico. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la incorporación del optimismo disposicional en los programas de intervención psicológica como estrategia para promover el bienestar psicológico y prevenir la enfermedad en la población dada su relación con el desarrollo de alteraciones físicas y psicológicas como resultado de estados disfuncionales de estrés. (AU)

Numerous studies indicate that psychological factors significantly affect the physiological functioning of the body. Dispositional optimism, considered a one-dimensional personality trait, is related to expectations of future success according to self-regulatory behavior theory. In various studies, optimism is proposed as a modulating factor of both the chronic and acute stress response, since high levels in optimism have been associated with low levels of perceived stress and cortisol. Furthermore, optimism appearsto be a key variable in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This influence has been studied with data on hair cortisol, the awakening cortisol response, and the cortisol level throughout the day, with inconsistent results being found so far. In the present work, the relationship between optimism and the stress response according to the HPA axis is analyzed, which has been shown to be relevant in promoting physical and psychological well-being. Likewise, the incorporation of dispositional optimism in psychological intervention programs is considered as a strategy to promote psychological well-being and prevent disease in the population, given its relationship with the development of physical and psychological alterations as a result of dysfunctional states of stress. (AU)

Modelo predictivo de los niveles de estrés y recuperación en nadadores de competición / Predictive model of stress levels and recovery in competitive swimmers

El presente estudio examinó los niveles de resiliencia, el optimismo disposicional y las estrategias de afrontamiento como predictores de los niveles de estrés-recuperación y aspectos correlaciónales asociados. 91 nadadores, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 29 años (M = 15.73; DT = 2.62), participaron en el estudio cumplimentando la siguiente batería de cuestionarios: la Escala de Resiliencia (RS), la Escala de Orientación hacia la vida-Revisado (LOT-R), el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en Competición Deportiva (ISCCS) y el Cuestionario de Estrés-Recuperación para Deportistas (RESTQ-Sport). El objetivo principal del estudio fue realizar un modelo predictivo del estrés y de la recuperación en una muestra de nadadores de competición. El modelo de regresión ajustado reveló asociación positiva entre la resiliencia y el optimismo disposicional con la utilización de estrategias orientadas a la tarea. Elevados niveles de resiliencia y optimismo se relacionaron con menores niveles de estrés y mayores de recuperación, siendo el modelo invariante al sexo. Nuestros hallazgos reflejan que la resiliencia, el optimismo disposicional y las estrategias de afrontamiento son características psicológicas que influyen en el estado de forma del deportista.(AU)

Influencia del optimismo y la percepción de apoyo social del personal sanitario sobre la calidad de vida de los enfermos de cáncer / Influence of optimism and perception of social support from health personnel on the quality of life of cancer patients

Objetivo: El presente estudio se plantea analizar la relación del apoyo social proporcionado por el personal sanitario y el optimismo del paciente con la calidad de vida y el estrés percibido por los enfermos de cáncer. Método: Se recogen datos referidos a características sociodemográficas, de salud, optimismo, apoyo social, calidad de vida y estrés percibido de 200 pacientes de cáncer con una edad media de 50,5 años (DT = 13,05). El 73,5% son mujeres y el 26,5% son hombres. Resultados: La satisfacción con el apoyo recibido del personal sanitario (emocional, instrumental e informacional) y el optimismo se relacionan con una mayor calidad de vida y un menor estrés percibido. Los modelos predictivos indican que la satisfacción con el apoyo instrumental es el que más disminuye el estrés de los pacientes. Respecto a la calidad de vida los modelos predictivos indican que es el apoyo informacional el que más aumenta el estado global de salud, el apoyo emocional y el instrumental los que mejoran el funcionamiento y el apoyo instrumental es el que más reduce los síntomas de los pacientes. También se han encontrado diferencias de género, las mujeres perciben significativamente más estrés y peor calidad de vida que los hombres. Conclusión: El personal sanitario es una fuente de apoyo útil para las personas con cáncer y el optimismo mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes oncológicos. De este estudio se resaltan importantes implicaciones prácticas (AU)

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the relationship of social support provided by health personnel and the patient’s optimism with quality of life and stress perceived by cancer patients. Method: Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, health, optimism, social support, quality of life and perceived stress are collected from 200 cancer patients with a mean age of 50.5 years (SD = 13.05). 73.5% are women and 26.5% are men. Results: Satisfaction with the support received from health personnel (emotional, instrumental and informational) and optimism are related to a higher quality of life and less perceived stress. Predictive models indicate that satisfaction with instrumental support is the one that most reduces the stress of patients. Regarding quality of life, predictive models indicate that informational support is the one that most increases the global health status, emotional and instrumental supports that improve functioning, and instrumental support is the one that most reduces patients’ symptoms. Gender differences have also been found, women perceive significantly more stress and worse quality of life than men. Conclusion: Health personnel are a useful source of support for people with cancer and optimism improves the quality of life for cancer patients. This study highlights important practical implications (AU)

Maternal and paternal parenting styles as a whole: validation of the simple form of the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale / Estilos parentales materno y paterno en conjunto: validación de la forma simple de la Escala de Evaluación del Estilo Parental

Oliva's Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) [Scale for the evaluation of parenting styles] asks adolescents about their parents' education styles separately ("your father" and "your mother") or in a combined way ("your parents"), but only the separated version has been tested for validity. The objective of this work was to carry out a validation of the combined version. A sample of 1507 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, was recruited. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were run in two independent subsamples. Then, structural equation models (SEM) were run in order to test the association between the EEEP's subscales and adolescent outcomes (optimism, pessimism, and academic achievement). Results showed a good fit of the instruments' structure. Furthermore, the subscales showed associations with the outcomes. The EEEP can be reliably used in its combined form, which results in a reduction of items, often beneficial for research

La Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) pregunta a los adolescentes sobre los estilos educativos de sus padres por separado ("tu padre" y "tu madre") o de forma conjunta ("tus padres"), pero solo se ha evaluado la validez en la versión por separado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la validez de las inferencias de la versión conjunta. Se reclutó una muestra de 1507 adolescentes, de 12 a 18 años. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en dos submuestras independientes. Después se probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar la asociación de las subescalas de la EEEP con desenlaces de los adolescentes (optimismo, pesimismo y resultados académicos). Los resultados muestran buenas medidas de ajuste de la estructura del instrumento. Además, las subescalas mostraron asociación con los desenlaces. La EEEP puede ser usada con fiabilidad en su forma conjunta, resultando en una reducción de ítems, los cual es a menudo beneficioso para la investigación