Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 69
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Filtros aplicados
Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202155

RESUMO

En el presente artículo, reflexionamos sobre la exclusión de otras especies, así como de grupos humanos, a los que se les somete y se les violenta, a partir de coloquios después del visionado de vídeos y películas. Partimos de la hipótesis de que cuando se adornan ciertos grupos humanos de narcisismo patológico, estos se convierten en supremacistas, o en mentes que funcionan predominantemente en la parte psicótica de la personalidad. Hay una represión de las representaciones más ori­ginales que dificultan la comprensión, la empatía, el trabajo y el vínculo social


In this article, we reflect on the exclusion of other species, as well as of human groups, to which they are subjected and which are subjected to violence, based on discussions after watching videos and films. We start from the hypothesis that when certain human groups are embellished with pathological narcissism, they become supremacists, or minds that function predominantly in the psychotic part of the personality. There is a repression of the most original representations that make un­derstanding, empathy, work and social bonding difficult


En el present article, reflexionem sobre l'exclusió d'altres espècies, així com de grups humans, als quals se'ls sotmet I se'ls violenta, a partir de col·loquis després del visionament de vídeos I pel·lícules. Partim de la hipòtesi que quan es revesteixen certs grups humans de narcisisme patològic, aquests es converteixen en supremacistes, o en ments que funcionen predominantment en la part psicòtica de la personalitat. Hi ha una repressió de les representacions més originals que dificulten la comprensió, l'empatia, el treball I el vincle social


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Pensamento/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Processos Mentais/fisiologia , Vínculo Humano-Animal , Transtorno Autístico/psicologia , Estigma Social , Emoções , Apego ao Objeto
2.
Ansiedad estrés ; 24(1): 40-46, ene.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173016

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sistemática para conocer el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre el sistema serotoninérgico y la conducta en roedores. Estrategia de búsqueda: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en marzo de 2017 en las bases de datos y buscadores: Pubmed, Medline, Cinahl, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library y Plos One. Selección de estudios: Se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión (ensayos publicados entre enero de 2012 y febrero 2017) y exclusión (trabajos realizados en humanos, estudios duplicados y que no se ajustases al tema de estudio), obteniéndose un total de 12 artículos. Síntesis de resultados: El ejercicio disminuye la conducta ansiosa. En cuanto al neurotransmisor estudiado existen diferentes resultados. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio físico ejerce cambios a nivel conductual y cerebral. El efecto sobre neurotransmisor 5-HT depende de la región o sistema cerebral estudiados. Aumenta los niveles de 5HT1a provocando un efecto ansiolítico y la resistencia a la acción ansiogénica del 5HT2c


OBJECTIVE: Perform a systematic review to know the effect of physical exercise on the serotoninergic system and behavior in rodents. Search strategy: In March 2017 the following databases and search engines were used: Pubmed, Medline, Cinahl, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Plos One. Selection of studies: After applying the inclusion (published trials between January 2012 and February 2017) and exclusion criteria (human work, duplicate studies and those not adjusted to the subject of study) 12 articles were analysed. Synthesis of results: exercise decreases anxious behavior. As for the neurotransmitter studied, there are different results. CONCLUSIONS: physical exercise exerts behavioral and cerebral changes. The effect on 5-HT neurotransmitter depends on the region or brain system studied. It increases 5HT1a levels provoking an anxiolytic effect and the resistance to the anxiogenic action of 5HT2c


Assuntos
Animais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Serotoninérgicos/metabolismo , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Roedores/psicologia , Serotonina
3.
An. psicol ; 34(2): 378-384, mayo 2018. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-172810

RESUMO

Two experiments were carried out in order to compare the speed of acquisition of visual simple discriminations by pigeons depending on whether the negative stimuli could vary trial by trial (varied condition) or it was always the same stimulus (constant condition). In the first experiment, the subjects were randomly assigned to the conditions and then exposed to a go/no-go procedure in which -no-go| trials were also reinforced. Subsequently, the subjects changed from one condition to the other and were exposed to a new discrimination. In the second experiment, two discriminations were arranged in the same way as in the previous experiment, but, this time, -no-go| trials were not reinforced. In Experiment 1, the acquisition was slower in the varied condition. In Experiment 2, this effect was only observed when the subjects were exposed to the varied condition in the second discrimination. These results suggest, on one hand, that the variety of negative stimuli is an important variable to be considered. And, on the other hand, that the resulting effect on acquisition might be strongly sensitive to the kind of procedure that is used


Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos con el objetivo de comparar la velocidad de adquisición de discriminaciones simples visuales en palomas en función de si el estímulo delta podía variar ensayo tras ensayo (condición variada) o si era siempre el mismo (condición constante). En el primer experimento, los sujetos fueron asignados al azar a las dos condiciones y a continuación fueron expuestos a un procedimiento tipo go/nogo en el que también fueron reforzados los ensayos -no-go|. Posteriormente los sujetos cambiaron de condición y realizaron una nueva discriminación. En el segundo experimento se realizaron dos discriminaciones de la misma forma que en el experimento anterior, pero esta vez en el procedimiento utilizado los ensayos -no-go| no se reforzaron. En el Experimento 1, la adquisición resultó ser más lenta en la condición variada. En el Experimento 2 se observó el mismo efecto solo cuando los sujetos fueron expuestos a la condición variada en segundo lugar. Estos resultados sugieren, por un lado, que la variedad de estímulos delta es una variable relevante a tener en cuenta y, por otro lado, que su efecto sobre la velocidad de adquisición es muy sensible al tipo de procedimiento utilizado


Assuntos
Animais , Discriminação Psicológica , Reforço Psicológico , Comportamento Animal , Columbidae , Percepção Visual
4.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 39(1): 64-87, ene. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-175102

RESUMO

Two experiments were conducted with the goal of exploring the effect of experiencing associative interference upon concurrent learning about conditioned stimuli and contexts in rats’ appetitive conditioning. During the first training phase, two groups of rats received a conditioned stimulus (CS1) followed by food, whereas another conditioned stimulus (CS2) was presented alone. During a second training phase, discrimination was reversed in group R, while it remained the same in group D. A new conditioned stimulus (CS3) was concurrently trained followed by food during this second Phase (Experiment 1). Reversal discrimination did not facilitate concurrent conditioning of the new stimulus, but there was a trend towards facilitation of contextual conditioning, measured by magazine entries in the absence of stimuli, that was confirmed in Experiment 2. These results suggest that the interference treatment may facilitate context conditioning under circumstances and with boundaries that are yet to be established


Se realizaron dos experimentos con el objetivo de explorar el efecto de experimentar una interferencia asociativa sobre el aprendizaje concurrente acerca de estímulos condicionados y contextos en condicionamiento apetitivo con ratas. Durante la primera fase de entrenamiento, dos grupos de ratas recibieron un estímulo condicionado (CS1) seguido de comida, mientras otro (CS2) se presentaba solo. Durante la segunda fase de entrenamiento, la discriminación se invirtió en el grupo R, mientras se mantuvo constante en el grupo D. Durante esta segunda fase, un estímulo condicionado nuevo (CS3) fue presentado seguido de comida (Experimento 1). La inversión de la discriminación no facilitó el aprendizaje concurrente acerca del nuevo estímulo, pero sí hubo una tendencia hacia la facilitación del condicionamiento contextual, medido a partir de la respuesta de entrada en el comedero en ausencia de estimulación, que se confirmó en el Experimento 2. Estos resultados sugieren que los tratamientos de interferencia pueden facilitar el condicionamiento contextual en circunstancias y con limitaciones que están aún por determinarse


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Discriminação Psicológica , Comportamento de Escolha , Condicionamento Psicológico , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Comportamento Apetitivo , Comportamento Animal , Animais de Laboratório/psicologia , Condicionamento Clássico
5.
Apuntes psicol ; 36(1/2): 21-25, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-178021

RESUMO

La discusión sobre las contribuciones de la neurociencia y en particular de la neurociencia cognitiva para la comprensión del comportamiento animal y humano, sigue siendo un tema en la agenda de la Psicología en general y del análisis experimental de la conducta en particular. El notable incremento en la producción investigadora de la neurociencia en los años recientes ha desplazado el interés por la investigación conductual. Sin embargo, distintos aspectos filosóficos, conceptuales y metodológicos están implicados en esta discusión que marcan las distancias entre ambos dominios, pero paradójicamente a la vez, podrían ser considerados para intentar establecer posibles vías de interacción entre la neurociencia y el análisis de la conducta, si realmente estamos interesados en ganar una comprensión más completa del comportamiento


The discussion on the contributions of neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience specifically, to the understanding of animal and human behavior remains an issue on the agenda of Psychology in general, and also a particular issue for the experimental behavior analysis. The notable increase in the neuroscience research in recent years has displaced the interest outside behavioral research. However, different philosophical, conceptual and methodological aspects are involved in this discussion, so it marks the distance between both domains. At same time, paradoxically, if we are really interested in acquiring a more complete understanding of behavior, those aspects could be considered to establish possible interactions between neuroscience and behavior analysis


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cérebro , Comportamento , Neurociência Cognitiva/tendências , Comportamento Animal , Adaptação Psicológica
6.
J. physiol. biochem ; 73(2): 187-198, mayo 2017. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-168475

RESUMO

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, ω-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, ω-6) on experimental autism features induced by early prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) in albino wistar pups. The pups were scrutinized on the accounts of behavioral, biochemical, and inflammatory markers, and the results suggested that the GLA can impart significant protection in comparison to ALA against VPA-induced autism features. When scrutinized histopathologically, the cerebellum of the GLA-treated animals was evident for more marked protection toward neuronal degeneration and neuronal loss in comparison to ALA. Concomitant administration of ALA and GLA with VPA demonstrated a marked cutdown in the Pgp 9.5 expression with GLA having more pronounced effect. Henceforth, it can be concluded that ALA and GLA can impart favorable protection against the VPA-induced autism-like features with GLA having pronounced effect (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Transtorno Autístico/prevenção & controle , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Ácido gama-Linolênico/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidade , Antimaníacos/toxicidade , Comportamento Animal , Ácido Valproico/toxicidade , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Biomarcadores , Ratos Wistar , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo
7.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 38(2): 195-208, 2017. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-163535

RESUMO

The experiment aimed to test in a spontaneous object recognition (SOR) task the effects of stimulus similarity and the interval between a previous familiarization trial and such a task. 1h or 24 h after the familiarization trial with two identical copies of an object, exploration of one of the objects and another novel object was assessed by recording the number of approaches, as well the time spent close to them. On the test the stimuli could either differ slightly in form (Difficult discrimination condition) or markedly in form and color (Easy condition). Subjects in the Easy but not the Difficult condition preferred to explore the novel object regardless of the retention interval (1h or 24h). After the 24h interval, exploration of the novel stimulus was greater for subjects in the Easy than the Difficult condition but they did not differ in terms of exploring the familiar object. Thus, rats in the Difficult condition might remember the familiar stimuli as well as rats in the Easy condition after 24 h, but were unable to distinguish it from the novel stimulus. The implications of this notion for using the SOR task as a procedure for studying perceptual learning and memory are discussed (AU)


El objetivo del experimento fue comprobar en una tarea de reconocimiento espontáneo de objetos el efecto de la similitud de los estímulos y el intervalo de retención entre esta tarea y un ensayo previo de familiarización. 1 hora o 24 horas después de la familiarización con dos copias idénticas del mismo objeto, se midió la exploración de uno de estos objetos y otro nuevo registrando la duración y número de aproximaciones a cada objeto. En la tarea los estímulos difirieron ligeramente en su forma (condición de Discriminación Difícil) o marcadamente en forma y color (Condición de discriminación Fácil). Independientemente del intervalo de retención, la condición Fácil pero no la condición Difícil, prefirió explorar el objeto nuevo. Después del intervalo de 24 horas, la condición Fácil exploró el objeto nuevo más que la condición Difícil pero no difirieron en la exploración del estímulo familiar. Entonces, las ratas de la condición Difícil podrían haber recordado el estímulo familiar tan bien como las ratas de la condición Fácil pero fueron incapaces de distinguirlo del estímulo nuevo. Se discuten las implicaciones de esta posibilidad en la utilización de tareas de reconocimiento espontáneo de objetos para el estudio del aprendizaje perceptivo y la memoria (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Processos Mentais/fisiologia , Retenção Psicológica/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Ratos Wistar , Análise de Variância , Discriminação Psicológica , Percepção
8.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 28(4): 421-427, nov. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-157799

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This study examines the effect of the amount of training on alcohol seeking behavior in rats. Contemporary theories of instrumental learning suggest that habit learning processes are involved in the development of the compulsive drug seeking that characterizes addiction. METHOD: Wistar rats were trained to perform an instrumental response for a solution of ethanol. In Experiment 1, the rats received 2 instrumental training sessions, whereas animals in Experiment 2 received 2, 8, or 16 sessions. An aversion was then conditioned to ethanol by pairing it with LiCl, and the performance in extinction was subsequently tested. RESULTS: Instrumental responding showed variable sensitivity to outcome devaluation as a function of the length of training. After 2 and 8 training sessions, but not after 16 sessions, drug seeking was influenced by a change in the value of ethanol. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that alcohol seeking is more flexible and goal-directed in early stages of training, but it becomes habitual and less governed by its consequences with more extended training


ANTECEDENTES: en este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la duración del entrenamiento instrumental sobre la conducta de búsqueda de alcohol en ratas. La investigación actual sugiere que la formación de hábitos E-R es responsable de la búsqueda compulsiva de la droga que caracteriza a las conductas adictivas. MÉTODO: se entrenó a las ratas a realizar una respuesta instrumental con etanol como recompensa. Los sujetos recibieron 2 sesiones de entrenamiento en el primer experimento y 2, 8 o 16 sesiones en el segundo estudio. Tras devaluar el etanol con LiCl se estimó la tasa de respuesta de los animales en extinción. RESULTADOS: el efecto de la devaluación del reforzador sobre la conducta instrumental dependió del número de sesiones de entrenamiento recibidas; la tasa de respuesta disminuyó tras un entrenamiento moderado (2 y 8 sesiones) pero no se vio afectada con un entrenamiento más prolongado (16 sesiones). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados sugieren que la búsqueda de alcohol depende del valor reforzante de la droga en la fase inicial de desarrollo de la adicción pero se vuelve rígida y automática (hábito) con la experiencia repetida


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Psicologia Experimental/instrumentação , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Etanol/análise , Comportamento Aditivo/complicações , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Controle Comportamental/psicologia , Análise de Variância
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 28(4): 442-447, nov. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-157802

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Stevia rebaudiana plant is likely to become a major source of high-potency sweetener for the growing natural-food market. S. rebaudiana is the source of a number of sweet diterpenoid glycosides, but the major sweet constituents are rebaudioside A and stevioside. These two constituents have similar pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles in rats and humans, and thus, studies carried out with either steviol glycoside are relevant to both. Other studies illustrate the diversity of voluntary sweet intake in mammals. METHOD: This study was done using a series of two-bottle tests that compared a wide range of sweetener concentrations versus saccharin concentrations and versus water. RESULTS: Wistar rats displayed preferences for stevia extract and pure rebaudioside A solutions over water at a range of concentrations (0.001% to 0.3%), and their intake peak occurred at 0.1% concentration. They also preferred solutions prepared with a commercial rebaudioside A plus erythritol mixture to water, and their peak was at 2% concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides new information about the responses of Wistar rats to stevia compounds and commercial stevia products such as Truvia. These results could help with the appropriate dosage selection for focused behavioral and physiological studies on stevia


ANTECEDENTES: la planta Stevia rebaudiana se convertirá en una de las principales fuentes de edulcorantes debido al crecimiento del consumo de productos naturales en el mercado. S. rebaudiana contiene distintos glucósidos diterpenoides, pero los que proporcionan dulzor son el rebaudiosido A y el esteviosido. Estos dos compuestos tienen perfiles farmacocinéticos y metabólicos similares en ratas y humanos. Por otro lado, hay estudios que muestran la existencia de distintos patrones de ingesta voluntaria de edulcorantes en los mamíferos. MÉTODO: se realizaron series de la prueba de libre elección entre dos botellas. Comparamos la ingesta de un rango de concentraciones de edulcorantes frente al agua y frente a sacarina. RESULTADOS: las ratas Wistar prefieren el extracto de estevia y el rebaudiosido A (concentraciones desde 0,001% hasta 0,3%) frente al agua, la ingesta máxima fue a la concentración de 0,1%. También prefieren las soluciones preparadas con el producto comercial Truvia (rebaudiósido A y eritritol) frente al agua, la ingesta máxima fue a la concentración de 2%. CONCLUSIONES: nuestro trabajo proporciona nueva información sobre la preferencia gustativa de las ratas Wistar por distintos compuestos de estevia. Estos resultados ayudarán al diseño de estudios centrados en los efectos comportamentales y fisiológicos del consumo de estevia


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Stevia/fisiologia , Ratos Wistar/psicologia , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Eritritol/metabolismo , Eritritol/farmacologia , Eritritol/uso terapêutico , Edulcorantes/uso terapêutico , Stevia/metabolismo , Psicologia Experimental/instrumentação , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Comparada/métodos , Análise de Variância
10.
Eur. j. anat ; 20(3): 195-203, jul. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-154878

RESUMO

The aim of this paper was to study the brain and associated structures of the Bengal tiger’s (Panthera tigris tigris) head by low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cadaver of a mature female was used to perform spin-echo T1 and T2-weighting pulse sequences in sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes, using a magnet of 0.2 Tesla. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled on the MRI according to the location and the characteristic signal intensity of different organic tissues. Spin-echo T1 and T2-weighted MR images were useful to demonstrate the anatomy of the brain and associated structures of the Bengal tiger’s head. This study could enhance our understanding of normal brain anatomy in Bengal tiger


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Tigres/anatomia & histologia , Cérebro/anatomia & histologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia
11.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 16(2): 29-36, 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155085

RESUMO

Esta investigación ha servido para construir el Cuestionario de la Relación entre el Jinete y el Caballo (CRJC). Para ello hemos seguido cinco etapas: I) Búsqueda Bibliográfica; II) Creación de los ítems; III) Prueba preliminar a una muestra reducida de jinetes; IV) Nueva consulta a especialistas; V) Primera versión. Este cuestionario tiene 30 ítems, agrupados en cuatro factores. El valor del KMO es de 0,716 (p 0,001). La varianza explicada por el modelo es de un 46,52%. La fiabilidad del cuestionario es elevada, con un valor de alfa de 0,81. Este cuestionario podrá convertirse en un instrumento de gran utilidad en la investigación de la relación entre el jinete y el caballo, con la finalidad de dar unas pautas en los casos en la que no sea muy adecuada y así mejorar el rendimiento deportivo (AU)


This research has helped to create the Relationship Questionnaire between the Rider and the Horse (CRJC). The conducted procedure includes five stages: I) Literature search; II) Creating questionnaire ítems; III) Pretest a small sample of riders, IV) Review by specialists; V) First version. This questionnaire has 30 items, grouped into four factors. KMO is the value of 0,716 (p< 0,001). The variance explained by the model is 46,52%. The reliability of the questionnaire is high, with an alpha value of 0,81. This questionnaire may be a useful tool in the investigation of the relationship between the rider and the horse with the purpose of providing guidance in cases in which this relationship is not very adequate and to improve athletic performance (AU)


Este estudo tem ajudado a criar o Questionário de Relação entre o Cavaleiro e o Cavalo (CRJC). Então, nos temos seguido cinco etapas: 1) Pesquisa bibliográfica; 2) Criaçao dos ítens ;3) Teste preliminar de uma pequena amostra de cavaleiros; 4) Novas consultas para os especialistas; 5) Primeira versão. Este questionário tem 30 itens, agrupados em quatro fatores. O valor de KMO é de 0.716 (p< 0.001). A variânça explicada pelo modelo é un 46,52%. A confiabilidade do questionário foi elevada, com um valor de alfa de 0.81. Este questionário pode ser uma ferramenta útil na investigação de relação entre cavaleiro e cavalo, com o objetivo de oferecer orientação em casos em que não é adequada e ate pode melhorar o desempenho atlético (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Animal , Esportes/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Testes Psicológicos/normas , Cavalos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas
12.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 36(1): 1-15, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-133601

RESUMO

The experiment reported here uses a conditional self-discrimination task to examine the influence of social interaction on the facilitation of self- discrimination in rats. The study is based on a previous report (Penagos- Corzo et al., 2011) showing positive evidence of such facilitation, but extending the exposition to social interaction conditions prior to training. Specifically, rats were assigned to three conditions with different levels of social interaction and exposed to two conditional self-discrimination tasks, under an avoidance and positive reinforcement paradigm, where they had to discriminate their own internal state (with or without methylphenidate). Our results indicate that conditional self-discrimination was higher in groups with higher social interaction than in those with lower interaction and support the conclusion that self-discrimination learning curves for different degrees of social interaction positively increased with number of sessions and level of interaction (AU)


El experimento aquí reportado usa una tarea de auto-discriminación condicional para examinar la influencia de la interacción social sobre la facilitación de la auto-discriminación en ratas. El estudio está basado en un reporte previo (Penagos-Corzo et al., 2011) que señala evidencia positiva, pero aquí se extiende la exposición a las condiciones de interacción social previas al entrenamiento. Concretamente, las ratas fueron asignadas a tres condiciones con diferentes niveles de interacción social y expuestas a dos tareas de auto- discriminación condicional, bajo un paradigma de evitación y de refuerzo positivo, donde tenían que discriminar su propio estado interno (con o sin metilfenidato). Nuestros resultados indican que la auto-discriminación condicional fue mayor en los grupos con mayor interacción social que en aquellos con menor interacción y apoyan la conclusión que indica que las curvas de aprendizaje de auto-discriminación para los diferentes grados de interacción social aumentaron positivamente con el número de sesiones y el nivel de interacción (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Relações Interpessoais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Reforço Psicológico , Discriminação Psicológica , Modelos Animais , Comportamento Animal , Pesquisa Comportamental/métodos
13.
Span. j. psychol ; 17: e67.1-e67.6, ene.-dic. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-130479

RESUMO

One experiment used a free operant procedure with rats to compare ABA, AAB and ABC renewal by using a within-subject testing procedure. All rats were first trained to press a lever for food in context A. Lever pressing was then extinguished in either context A or context B. For rats in the groups ABA and ABC extinction took place in context B, while the rats in group AAB received extinction in the same context in which acquisition took place (context A). Finally, all rats were tested for renewal in two sessions. One extinction session was carried out in the same extinction context and another session in a different context. Rats in the group ABA were tested in context B and in context A; rats in the group AAB were tested in contexts A and B, whereas the group ABC was tested in contexts B and C. The results of the ANOVA showed context renewal since all groups had higher rates of responding when they were tested outside the extinction context, F(2, 21) = 15.32, p = .001, ηp 2 = .59; however, AAB and ABC renewal was lesser than ABA renewal, F(1, 21) = 16.70, p = .0001, ηp 2 = .61 (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/normas , Psicologia Experimental/tendências , Condicionamento Operante/fisiologia , Psicologia Experimental/organização & administração , Análise de Variância , Controle Comportamental/métodos , Controle Comportamental/normas
14.
Span. j. psychol ; 17: e69.1-e69.25, ene.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-130481

RESUMO

In 1913, the Anthropoid Station for psychological and physiological research in chimpanzees and other apes was founded by the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin) near La Orotava, Tenerife. Eugene Teuber, its first director, began his work at the Station with several studies of anthropoid apes’ natural behavior, particularly chimpanzee body language. In late 1913, the psychologist Wolfgang Köhler, the second and final director of the Station, arrived in Tenerife. During his stay in the Canary Islands, Köhler conducted a series of studies on intelligent behavior in chimpanzees that would become classics in the field of comparative psychology. Those experiments were at the core of his book Intelligenzprüfungen an Menschenaffen (The Mentality of Apes), published in 1921. This paper analyzes Köhler's experiments and notions of intelligent behavior in chimpanzees, emphasizing his distinctly descriptive approach to these issues. It also makes an effort to elucidate some of the theoretical ideas underpinning Köhler's work. The ultimate goal of this paper is to assess the historical significance of Köhler's book within the context of the animal psychology of his time (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Primatas/psicologia , Pesquisa Comportamental/métodos , Pesquisa Comportamental/tendências , Psicologia Comparada/métodos , Psicologia Comparada/normas , Psicologia Comparada/tendências , Pesquisa Comportamental/educação , Pesquisa Comportamental/história , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/psicologia , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/normas , Psicologia Experimental/tendências
15.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 34(1): 59-78, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-108292

RESUMO

The present study sought to determine whether post-training exposure to a novel or familiar object, encountered in either the location of the original fear conditioning (black compartment of a passive avoidance {PA} chamber) or in a neutral setting (open field where initial object training had occurred) would prove capable of reducing fear at subsequent test in a passive avoidance task. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rats that encountered a novel object in either the black PA compartment or the open field, as well as those encountering a familiar object located in the black PA compartment all displayed weaker fear at test than did those subjects that encountered a familiar object in the open field. These effects were explained in terms of a counter-conditioning of fear resulting from the appetitive aspects of novelty exposure. Experiment 2 compared the fear-reducing capabilities of novel object exposure to a more simple extinction procedure. While both the extinction and novelty groups generally showed reduced fear compared to control animals, some evidence suggested that novel object exposure resulted in significantly less fear at test than did extinction alone(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/tendências , Diferenciação Sexual/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal , Transtornos Fóbicos/psicologia , Psicologia Experimental/organização & administração , Psicologia Experimental/normas , Análise de Variância
16.
Apuntes psicol ; 30(1/3): 31-36, ene.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132422

RESUMO

La conducta tiende generalmente a ser funcional. A menudo, algunas conductas desadaptativas específicas pueden entenderse en términos de contingencias de reforzamiento prevalentes que son opuestas a las contingencias de reforzamiento previamente experimentadas por el individuo o por los ancestros de ese individuo, y que tienen una persistente influencia sobre su conducta. Cuando un individuo se enfrenta a una revocación de las contingencias de reforzamiento que resulta en una conducta disfuncional, la terapia debe oponerse a la información previa para que sea posible desarrollar una conducta apropiada. Cuando un cambio en las contingencias de reforzamiento tiene lugar en contradicción a una predisposición genética hacia patrones de respuesta que evolucionaban como resultado de la evolución natural y de contingencias de reforzamiento, las terapias deben centrarse en circunvenir la predisposición genética a responder de una manera que actualmente es desadaptativa. Usando ejemplos provenientes del laboratorio animal, se revisan varios casos de conductas disfuncionales que surgen de cambios en las contingencias de reforzamiento (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Animal , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Reforço Psicológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Processos Mentais
18.
Apuntes psicol ; 30(1/3): 255-264, ene.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132433

RESUMO

La obra científica de Thorndike se desarrolla durante un período de grandes cambios institucionales y profesionales en la psicología norteamericana. En el seno de estos cambios, la obra de este autor sobresale como uno de los referentes más claros, permanentes y respetados. Probablemente, ello se deba a que en su trabajo destacan como características más básicas el uso de métodos experimentales, la simplicidad conceptual, el rigor y la consistencia interna. Rasgos que se encuentran ya en su tesis doctoral, una de las pocas que se han convertido en un clásico (AU)


Thorndike’ scientific works developed within an epoch in which Northamerican Psychology underwent deep institutional and profesional changes. During those changes, his work was one of the most enduring, respected and clearer standard. Probably, as a the result of its main features: experimental methods. conceptual simplicity, meticulousness and intemal consistency. All these features can be found in his thesis, one of the few ones that has became a classic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia/história , Psicologia Experimental/história , Psicologia Comparada/história , Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , Comportamento Animal , Evolução Biológica , Inteligência
19.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 33(2): 293-303, 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-100392

RESUMO

The present study examined the effects of predatory odor (cat urine) on social novelty preference in Long-Evans rats. Adult male subjects encountered a juvenile conspecific at training, were exposed to either clean cat litter (control) or litter soiled with cat urine (predatory odor), and were tested for social novelty preference. While the predatory odor and control groups did not differ in exploration of the initial conspecific at training or in the investigation of both the novel and familiar conspecifics at test, animals exposed to predatory odor prior to test spent a smaller percentage of their exploration time investigating the novel conspecifics than did controls, suggesting that predator odor is capable of disrupting social novelty preference(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/tendências , Psicologia Social/métodos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Psicologia Experimental/organização & administração , Psicologia Experimental/normas , Psicologia Social/organização & administração , Psicologia Social/normas , Psicologia Social/tendências
20.
Trauma (Majadahonda) ; 22(4): 281-288, oct.-dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-93861

RESUMO

Objetivo: Investigar la capacidad de trasplantes de astrocitos encapsulados en esferas de alginato de recuperar el déficit en la habilidad manual producida por la lesión de la corteza frontal, en ratas adultas. Material y metodología: Se utilizaron ratas Wistar, y se emplearon pruebas conductuales, cultivos celulares, técnica de encapsulación de células y trasplantes. Los animales se condicionaron en un test de habilidad motora fina y se determinó su mano preferente. Se lesionó la corteza frontal contralateral a la mano preferente y se evaluó la efectividad de la lesión mediante el test de conducta. En un grupo de animales lesionados se trasplantó astrocitos encapsulados en esferas de alginato en la cavidad producida por la lesión; en un segundo grupo, se trasplantó tejido cortical fetal; y en un tercer grupo, se implantó esferas de alginato sin células. Resultados: A los tres meses post-trasplante, tanto los animales con trasplantes de astrocitos encapsulados como con trasplantes de tejido cortical mejoraron el déficit motor inducido por la lesión. Los animales con trasplantes de esferas de alginato vacías no experimentaron mejoría. Conclusión: Los trasplantes de astrocitos encapsulados mejoran, a largo plazo, el deficit motor. El alginato indujo efectos secundarios en el huésped (AU)


Objetive: To investigate whether transplants of encapsulated astrocytes in alginate spheres were able to recover the deficit in motor skills produced by frontal cortex lesion, in adult rats. Material and method: Male Wistar rats were used. Behavioral test, tissue culture, astrocyte transplants and immunocytochemical and histological techniques were applied. Animals were conditioned in a paw reaching for food task and the preferred paw determine. Lesion was produced in the frontal cortex contralateral to the preferred paw and the effectiveness of the lesion tested. In one group of lesion animals, encapsulated astrocytes in alginate spheres were implanted in the lesion cavity; in a second group, fetal cortical tissue was used as donor material; while in a third group empty alginate spheres were implanted. Results: Three months after grafting, the rats with encapsulated astrocyte or with fetal cortical tissue transplants ameliorated the lesion-induced motor deficit.The rats with implant of empty alginate spheres showed no improvement. Conclusion: Transplants of encapsulated astrocytes in alginate spheres induce a long- term improvement of motor lesion deficits. The alginate induced long-term side effects on the host (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Astrócitos/transplante , Córtex Pré-Frontal/lesões , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Córtex Motor/lesões , Córtex Motor/cirurgia , Córtex Motor , Aptidão/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Astrócitos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Ratos Wistar/lesões , Ratos Wistar/cirurgia , Modelos Animais , Imuno-Histoquímica/tendências , Imuno-Histoquímica , Análise de Variância
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...