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1.
Eur. j. anat ; 24(1): 57-62, ene. 2020. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-186065

RESUMO

Team-based learning (TBL) is a student-centered learning strategy, which has been confirmed in medical education to enhance learning. Nevertheless, it has not been implemented during practical anatomy learning that challenges the spatial perception of the learned material in contrast to other disciplines. This study aims to present a novel intervention in using practical-based team-based learning (PTBL) in anatomy and its impact as a tool for providing immediate feedback. It also determines students' perceptions of the PTBL and the effect of the given feedback on anatomy learning. The students were subjected to a formative objective structured practical examination (OSPE) in two successive formats: individual readiness assurance test (iRAT) and team readiness assurance test (tRAT). In the iRAT, individual students rotated around the practical stations in the form of a steeplechase examination. For the subsequent tRAT, groups of 5 students rotated around the same practical stations. The session was concluded by discussing the practical stations with the tutor and immediate feedback about the students' performance was provided along with an explana-tion of the reasoning behind judgments and practical assessment criteria. Students' perception(N = 90) was measured through a self-administered questionnaire and a comparison of test scores. There was a significant rise in the average final summative OSPE scores of the students (p-value = 0.029) comparing their results to the previous semester in which PTBL was not implemented, concluding that PTBL is a valuable pedagogical instrument that can be employed as an effective method for providing immediate feedback dur-ing anatomy education


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Assuntos
Humanos , Anatomia/educação , Educação Médica , Aprendizagem Espacial , Aprendizagem por Associação de Pares , Estudantes de Medicina , Retroalimentação , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
An. psicol ; 34(1): 16-22, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169874

RESUMO

Introducción: Recientemente se ha incrementado el interés en el estudio de los déficits neuropsicológicos que subyacen al TDAH. Entre ellos, destaca la Memoria de Trabajo (MT) en sus dimensiones visoespacial y fonológica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar las diferencias de rendimiento en memoria a corto plazo y memoria de trabajo visoespacial y fonológica entre un grupo control y un grupo clínico, teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad clínica del trastorno. Método: Se formó un grupo clínico de 76 niños con un diagnóstico previo de TDAH, divididos según su subtipo clínico: TDAH predominantemente inatento (n = 26, edad M = 10,9, SD = 1,8; 66% varones), y TDAH combinado (n = 50, edad M = 10.8, DT = 1.9; 61.5% varones). Además, se formó un grupo control conformado por niños sin diagnóstico TDAH (n = 40, edad M = 10.2, SD = 1.9; 57.5% varones). A todo ellos se les administró un batería de pruebas para medir la memoria a corto plazo y la memoria de trabajo, tanto visoespacial como fonológica. Resultados: El grupo TDAH obtuvo un peor rendimiento en las tareas de Memoria de Trabajo visoespacial (Tarea Corsi) y fonológica ('Letras y Números'de WISC). Este peor rendimiento se mantuvo también para los subtipos clínicos. No se halló relación entre las dimensiones del TDAH y el rendimiento en las tareas neuropsicológicas empleadas. Discusión: Este estudio aporta evidencia empírica a la hipótesis que sugiere que los niños con TDAH presentan un menor rendimiento en tareas que implican la memoria de Trabajo, tanto respecto a la memoria de trabajo fonológica como visoespacial. Además, los resultados de este estudio sugieren que no existiría una relación entre las dimensiones principales del TDAH y el rendimiento en las tareas de memoria de trabajo (AU)


Introduction: The interest in studying the neuropsychological deficits that lie behind ADHD, among which the Working Memory (WM) stands out in its visuospatial and phonological dimensions, has been on increase. The aim of the current study was to explore the performance differences concerning the short-term memory and the visuospatial and phonological working memory among control and clinical groups acknowledging the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder. Method: A group of 76 children with a prior diagnosis of ADHD was divided by the clinical subtype of the disorder: ADHD predominantly inattentive (n = 26, age M = 10,9, SD = 1,8; 66% male), and combined ADHD (n = 50, age M = 10.8, DT = 1.9; 61.5% male). Additionally, a control group of typically developing children was formed (n = 40, age M = 10.2, SD = 1.9; 57.5% male). Both groups completed a task battery to aimed to measure the short-term memory, as well as the visuospatial and phonological working memory. Results: The ADHD group showed a decreased performance at visuospatial (Corsi Block Task), as well as phonological (WISC Letter-Number Sequencing) working memory tasks. The decreased performance was consistent among the clinical subtypes. The dimensions of ADHD and the performance output in the neuropsychological tasks used in the study were not related. Discussion: This study offers empirical evidence to the hypothesis that suggests that children with ADHD show a poor performance than controls at Working Memory tasks, including both visuospatial and phonological WM. In addition, the results of the study suggested that there is no correlation between the dimensions of the ADHD and the performance output in the Working Memory tasks (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Transtornos da Memória/psicologia , Memória Espacial/fisiologia , Aprendizagem Espacial/fisiologia , Neuropsicologia/métodos , Análise de Dados/métodos
3.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(4): 236-240, mayo 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162028

RESUMO

Introducción. Debido a que la relación entre la masticación y las funciones cognitivas no está todavía completamente elucidada, se tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia del tipo de masticación sobre la memoria y el aprendizaje espacial en ratones albinos machos de la cepa BALB/c. Métodos. Veinte ratones de 8 semanas de edad fueron divididos en 2 grupos iguales; el grupo masticación normal fue mantenido con alimentación en granos, la misma que recibieron los 20 ratones desde el destete; el grupo masticación deficiente se alimentó con granos pulverizados. Se evaluó a los ratones a las 16 semanas de edad durante 5 días, los primeros 4 días en la fase de adquisición y el quinto día en la fase de recuperación de memoria y aprendizaje espacial en el laberinto acuático de Morris. Resultados. Tanto en la fase de adquisición como de recuperación, no se hallaron diferencias significativas en los grupos masticación normal vs. masticación deficiente. Sin embargo, las diferencias sí fueron significativas en la fase de adquisición del grupo masticación normal, comparando los resultados del primer día vs. los otros 3 días. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican que la masticación normal influye sobre la memoria y el aprendizaje espacial, al disminuir los tiempos de latencia en encontrar la plataforma oculta en la fase de adquisición dentro de dicho grupo experimental (AU)


Introduction. Since the relationship between chewing and cognitive functions has not been fully elucidated, this study aimed to determine the impact of chewing behaviour on spatial learning and memory in albino male BALB/c mice. Methods. Twenty mice aged 8 weeks were divided into 2 equal groups. The regular chewing group was fed with uncrushed grains (the same diet given to all 20 mice since they were weaned) and the limited chewing group was fed with crushed grains. At 16 weeks of age, the mice were evaluated over 5 days, including a 4-day acquisition phase prior to a probe test of spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze on the fifth day. Results. A comparison of the regular chewing group and the limited chewing group found no significant differences in either the acquisition phase or the probe test. However, there were significant differences in the acquisition phase for just the regular chewing group when comparing results from the first day to those from the other 3 days. Conclusions. The results suggest that regular chewing affects spatial learning and memory since mice in the regular chewing group decreased their times to find the hidden platform during the acquisition phase (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Mastigação/fisiologia , Aprendizagem Espacial/fisiologia , Memória Espacial/fisiologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Sistema Estomatognático/fisiologia , Modelos Animais , Análise de Dados/métodos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
4.
Psicológica (Valencia, Ed. impr.) ; 38(2): 177-193, 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-163534

RESUMO

Music can be used as a therapeutic tool and has several effects in cognitive and physiological functions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different musical pieces in spatial memory in adult male rats. A T maze was used to investigate spatial memory, with 2h and 6h inter trial interval between training and testing phases. Before training, animals were exposed to an active or relaxing musical stimulus corresponding to rock and classical pieces. It was found that in the experiment with 2h interval, animals explore more the novel arm in comparison with the other arm, which indicated that animals still had a good spatial memory. This was not observed in rats that were exposed to the relaxing rock piece, which could indicate that this stimulus diminished memory. With the 6h interval the rats explored both arms equally, except animals that were exposed to the activating rock piece of music which indicated a slightly enhance in memory. Thus, there were found different effects of music corresponding to the time of interval and the stimulus characteristics. This data provides information to use music as a possible treatment to modulate memory (AU)


La música puede ser usada como una herramienta terapéutica y ha demostrado tener múltiples efectos en las funciones cognitivas y fisiológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes piezas musicales en la memoria espacial de ratas adultas macho. Se utilizó un laberinto en forma de T para evaluar la memoria espacial, con 2 y 6 horas de intervalo entre ensayos entre el entrenamiento y fase de testeo. Antes del entrenamiento los animales fueron expuestos a estímulos sonoros activantes o relajantes correspondientes a piezas de rock y música clásica. Se encontró que en el experimento con 2 horas de intervalo los animales exploraron más el brazo novedoso en comparación con el ya conocido, lo cual indica que los sujetos tenían un buen índice de memoria espacial. Esto no se observó en las ratas que fueron expuestas a la pieza de rock relajante, lo que indicaría que este estímulo disminuyó la memoria. Con el intervalo de 6 horas los animales exploraron ambos brazos por igual, excepto los que fueron expuestos a la pieza activante de rock, lo cual indicaría una mejora en la memoria. Con lo cual, se hallaron diferentes efectos de la música en relación al intervalo de tiempo aplicado entre entrenamiento y test, así como al tipo de estímulo empleado. Estos datos proveen información acerca del uso de la música como un posible tratamiento de modulación de la memoria (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Memória Espacial/fisiologia , Musicoterapia/métodos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Música/psicologia , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Aprendizagem Espacial , Psicologia Experimental/organização & administração , Psicologia Experimental/tendências , Psicologia Aplicada/métodos
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