Desesperanza en mujeres privadas de libertad y su correlación con síntomas de depresión y ansiedad / Desesperança em mulheres privadas de liberdade e sua correlação com sintomas de depressão e ansiedade / Hopelessness in women deprived of liberty and their defense with symptoms of depression and anxiety

Introducción: La desesperanza se caracteriza como la perspectiva negativa del sujeto sobre el futuro. Las personas privadas de libertad están predispuestas al sufrimiento ya la pérdida de la esperanza. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia, el nivel de desesperanza y la correlación con depresión y ansiedad en mujeres privadas de libertad. Materiales y método: Estudio transversal descriptivo cuantitativo realizado en un Establecimiento Penitenciario con 77 mujeres, muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizaron para la recolección de datos: a) ficha sociodemográfica; b) Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI); c) Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI); yd) Inventario de Desesperanza de Beck (BSH). Resultados: En la muestra, el 5,2% de los sujetos entrevistados mostró desesperanza, con niveles moderados y severos. Se observaron mayores promedios de desesperanza en las mujeres que nunca estudiaron (7,33), no tenían profesión (5,04), no tenían religión (7,14) y no realizaron actividades laborales durante el período de encarcelamiento (4,86). Se identificaron mayores medias de desesperanza en mujeres que presentaban síntomas de depresión (5,31) y ansiedad (4,63). Hubo una correlación positiva entre las puntuaciones BHS y BDI. Conclusión: Hubo una baja prevalencia de desesperanza. Se asoció a condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables y al no desarrollo de actividades laborales durante el período de encarcelamiento. La desesperanza se correlacionó con la depresión, y las personas con síntomas de ansiedad tenían niveles más altos de desesperanza. Se sugiere investigar la desesperanza entre las personas privadas de libertad en la práctica clínica y en la investigación, así como la promoción de actividades laborales y educativas durante el período de encarcelamiento para promover la esperanza y la salud mental. (AU)

Introdução: A desesperança é caracterizada como a perspectiva negativa do sujeito quanto ao futuro. Os indivíduos em privação de liberdade estão predispostos ao sofrimento e à perda de esperança. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência, o nível de desesperança e a correlação com a depressão e ansiedade em mulheres privadas de liberdade. Materiais e método: Estudo quantitativo e descritivo com corte transversal, realizado em um Estabelecimento Prisional no Brasil, com 77 mulheres por amostragem não probabilística. Foram utilizados na coleta de dados: a) Formulário sociodemográfico; b) Inventário de Beck Depressão (BDI); c) Inventário de Beck Ansiedade (BAI); e d) Inventário de Beck Desesperança (BSH).Resultados: Na amostra, 5,2% dos sujeitos apresentaram desesperança com níveis moderado e grave. Maiores médias de desesperança foram percebidas em mulheres que nunca estudaram (7,33), desprovidas de profissão (5,04) bem como de religião (7,14) e que não desenvolviam atividades laborais no período do encarceramento (4,86). Maiores médias de desesperança foram identificas em mulheres que possuíam sintomas de depressão (5,31) e ansiedade (4,63). Houve correlação positiva entre o escore BHS e BDI. Conclusão: Houve baixa prevalência de desesperança. Ela esteve associada às condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis e ao não desenvolvimento de atividades laborais no período de encarceramento. A desesperança se correlacionou à depressão, e as pessoas com sintomas de ansiedade apresentaram maiores níveis de desesperança. Sugere-se a investigação da desesperança entre as pessoas privadas de liberdade na prática clínica bem como a promoção de atividades laborais e educacionais no período de encarceramento para promover a esperança e a saúde mental. (AU)

Introduction: Hopelessness is characterized as the subject's negative outlook on the future. Individuals in deprivation of liberty are predisposed to suffering and loss of hope. Objective: To identify the prevalence, level of hopelessness and the correlation with depression and anxiety in women deprived of liberty. Materials and method: Quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in a Correctional Facility in Brazil, with 77 women by non-probability sampling. The data collection used were: a) Sociodemographic form; b) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); c) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); and d) Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BSH). Results: In the sample, 5.2% of the subjects presented hopelessness with moderate and severe levels. Higher mean scores of hopelessness were perceived in women who never studied (7.33), had no profession (5.04), no religion (7.14), and did not develop labor activities during incarceration (4.86). Higher mean scores of hopelessness were identified in women who had symptoms of depression (5.31) and anxiety (4.63). There was a positive correlation between the BHS and BDI scores. Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of hopelessness. It was associated with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and the lack of work activities during the period of incarceration. Hopelessness correlated with depression, and people with anxiety symptoms had higher levels of hopelessness. It is suggested that hopelessness among people deprived of liberty be investigated in clinical practice and that work and educational activities be promoted during incarceration to promote hope and mental health. (AU)

Career Don’t Stop Believing: Career Empowerment as a Mediator between Hope and Organizational Outcomes / [No dejes de creer en la carrera profesional: empoderamiento de carrera como mediador entre la esperanza y los resultados organizacionales]

The growing trend towards individual career management requires understanding the driving forces of career changes. In the current study we explore how personal resources, namely hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and social support are associated with the motivational construct of career empowerment, which in turn predicts employees’ behavioral (OCB, performance appraisal) and attitudinal (job engagement, life satisfaction) outcomes. We conducted a quantitative study in which 251 full- and part-time employees completed paper-and-pencil surveys measuring internal and external resources, and career empowerment. Our results indicate that the research variables are significantly and positively correlated with one another. Mediation analyses with competing models indicate that career empowerment is a partial mediator between personal resources and various outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.(AU)

La creciente tendencia hacia la gestión de la carrera profesional exige entender las fuerzas motrices de los cambios en dicha carrera. El estudio explora de qué modo se asocian los recursos personales, es decir, la esperanza, el optimismo, la autoeficacia y el apoyo social, con el constructo motivacional de empoderamiento de la carrera profesional, que a su vez predice los resultados comportamentales (conducta de ciudadanía ocupacional, valoración del desempeño) y actitudinales (compromiso laboral, satisfacción con la vida) de los empleados. Llevamos a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en el que 251 empleados a tiempo completo cumplimentaron cuestionarios de papel y lápiz que medían los recursos internos y externos, así como el empoderamiento profesional. Los resultados indican que las variables de la investigación correlacionan mutuamente de un modo positivo y significativo. Los análisis de mediación con otros modelos alternativos señalan que el empoderamiento profesional es un mediador parcial entre los recursos personales y diversos resultados. Se comentan las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.(AU)

Hopelessness and Fighting Spirit Relation with Illness Perception in Breast Cancer Patients / Relación de la Desesperanza y el Espíritu de Lucha con la Percepción de Enfermedad en Pacientes con Cáncer de Mama

Objective: Breast cancer is related to numerous psychological challenges, so the way of coping with the illness and its consequences may influence the outcome of treatment. Also, while confronting the diagnosis individuals will use their own illness perception in order to evaluate the possibility of healing and that can affect different areas of their functioning. The aim was to examine the degree to which women with breast cancer perceived their illness as threatening, as well as to examine potential predictive power of illness perception on strategies of coping with illness (hopelessness and fighting spirit). Method: 102 patients (Mage = 58.64, SDage = 10.143), who were hospitalized at the Center for Oncology and Radiology, for treatment of previously diagnosed breast cancer (Mmonths= 19.07, SDmonths = 23.49), were included in the study. The instruments included sociodemographic questionnaire, medical records, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. Results: Patients declared to use fighting spirit more than hopeless style of coping the illness. Model that included Illness perception, Metastasis and Treatment length predicted 16% of Fighting Spirit variance. Model that included Illness perception and Age predicted 39% of Hopelessness variance. Conclusion: Illness perception can predict the tendency to resort to hopelessness and there is a correlation between certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with hopelessness and fighting spirit coping styles (AU)

Objetivo: El cáncer de mama se asocia a una serie de cambios psicológicos, el modo de afrontamiento la enfermedad y sus consecuencias puede influir en el resultado del tratamiento. Además, al afrontar el diagnóstico las personas utilizarán su propia percepción de la enfermedad para evaluar la posibilidad de curación, lo que puede afectar diferentes aspectos de su funcionamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el nivel en el que las mujeres con cáncer de mama perciben su enfermedad como amenaza, además de examinar el posible valor predictivo de la percepción de la enfermedad en las estrategias del afrontamiento con la enfermedad (desesperanza y espíritu de lucha). Método:102 pacientes (Medad = 58,64; SDedad= 10,143) incluídos en la investigación, todos internados en el Centros de Oncología y Radioradio, para tratamiento (Mmonths = 19,07, SDmonths = 23,49) del cáncer mamario previamente diagnosticado. Los instrumentos incluyeron un cuestionario sociográfico, registros médicos, El Cuestionario Breve de Percepción de la Enfermedad y La Escala-Mini de Ajuste Mental al Cáncer. Resultados: Las pacientes afirmaron que utilizan más el espíritu combativo que la desesperación para afrontar la enfermedad. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad, metástasis y duración del tratamiento pronosticó 16% de la divergencia del Espíritu Combativo. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad y la edad pronosticó 39% de la divergencia de la desesperación. Conclusión:La percepción de la enfermedad puede pronosticar la tendencia hacia la desesperación; además, existe la relación entre ciertas características sociodemográficas y clínicas y ciertos mecanismos de afrontar la enfermedad, como son la desesperación o el espíritu combativo (AU)

“What if you listened to and involved the caregivers?” ‒ Experiences and needs amongst caregivers involved with mentally disordered offenders and mental health services

Background and objectivesOver the past 20 years, the number of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) has increased intensively in Denmark. Consequently, the number of caregivers, families and network involved with MDOs has also increased. Despite a heightened political focus on the involvement of caregivers as an important part of the patient pathway and recovery processes, knowledge of caregivers’ experiences is very limited. The aim of this study is to illuminate experiences and needs amongst caregivers taking care of MDOs in Denmark.MethodsThe study is based on semi-structured interviews with caregivers. The content of the interviews is analysed using content and textual analysis focusing on identifying patterns and themes.ResultsCaregivers involved with MDOs perform various roles and tasks from practical support to acting as case managers. These tasks tend to put a remarkable pressure and challenges on caregivers. Furthermore, caregivers experience emotional stress such as loneliness, shame, sorrow and feelings of inadequacy. Caregivers spend a lot of time establishing sustainable narratives about mental illness and offences, in order to reduce stigma and come to terms with chaotic and extraordinary incidents, and they play an important role as carriers of hope on behalf of the patients to support processes of personal recovery.ConclusionThe majority of caregivers in this study share a fundamental experience of neither having achieved sufficient support in the trajectories leading up to the forensic debut nor being involved or receiving enough and dedicated information while the often long-term sentences to treatment or placement are ongoing. (AU)

Depresión y desesperanza en adultos mayores pertenecientes a agrupaciones comunitarias en Chillán, Chile / Depression and despair in older adults belonging to a community group in Chillán, Chile

Objetivos: Describir la depresión y desesperanza en adultos mayores pertenecientes a agrupaciones comunitarias de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile). Metodología: El diseño del estudio es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó un censo comunitario en una población de 78 adultos mayores. Se aplicó la Escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage y la Escala de desesperanza de Beck. Resultados: Según la escala de Yesavage se encontró un nivel de depresión leve en un 24,4%, seguido de un 9,0% de depresión severa. Al estudiar la desesperanza se encontró desesperanza leve en un 56,4%, moderada en un 23,1% y severa en un 3,8%. Conclusiones: El 33,4% de adultos mayores presenta síntomas de depresión y un 83,3% algún nivel de desesperanza, por lo que es importante incentivar la participación en agrupaciones comunitarias, ya que es un factor protector que se debe fortalecer en esta etapa de la vida (AU)

Objective: To describe the Depression and Hopelessness in older adults belonging to community groups in the city of Chillán (Chile). Method: The study design is quantitative descriptive and transversal. A community census was carried out in a population of 78 older adults. Yesavage's Geriatric Depression Scale and Beck's Hopelessness Scale were applied. Results: According to the Yesavage scale, a level of mild depression was found in 24.4% followed by 9.0% of severe depression. When studying despair, mild despair was found in 56.4%, moderate in 23.1% and severe in 3.8%. Conclusion: 33.4% older adults have symptoms of depression and 83.3% some level of hopelessness. Therefore, it is important to encourage participation in community groups, as it is a protective factor that should be strengthened at this stage of life (AU)

Dialéctica de la esperanza en pacientes con pronóstico de vida limitado. Aspectos éticos y narrativos / Dialectic of hope in patients with a limited life expectancy. Ethical and narrative aspects

El derecho del paciente a conocer su información clínica se corresponde con el deber del profesionalsanitario, en especial del médico responsable de su atención, a proporcionárselo. Sin embargo, en el casode los enfermos cuyo pronóstico de vida es limitado, esto presenta varias dificultades. Determinar el con-tenido de este derecho es complicado, porque depende de las circunstancias. Esto favorece la conspiraciónde silencio, cuya causa principal puede cifrarse en el mantenimiento de la esperanza del paciente. Ahorabien, condenar al paciente a una falsa esperanza impide que éste elabore un proceso de duelo, que exigerenunciar a aquélla y abrirse a otra esperanza indeterminada de contenido abierto. En este trabajo trata-mos de bosquejar la estructura de este proceso dialéctico, que puede explicarse, en términos narrativos, através de la estructura del mito heroico, que resulta operativo aun cuando falte la estructura energéticadel carácter moral y que es graduable a la medida de cada persona.(AU)

The patient’s right to know his/her clinical information corresponds with the duty of the health careprofessional, especially the physician responsible for his/her care, to provide it. However, in the case of pa-tients whose life prognosis is limited, this presents several difficulties. Determining the content of this rightis complicated because it depends on the circumstances. This favors the conspiracy of silence, the maincause of which can be found in the maintenance of the patient’s hope. However, condemning the patientto a false hope prevents him/her from developing a grieving process, that requires renouncing that hopeand embracing another undetermined hope of open content. In this work we try to outline the structure of this dialectical process, which can be explained, in narrative terms, through the structure of the heroicmyth, which is functional even when the energetic structure of the moral character is missing and which isadjustable for each person.(AU)

Pacto de silencio y derecho a la información en pacientes gravemente enfermos. Escribiendo el último capítulo de la vida / Pact of silence and right to information in seriously ill patients. Writing the last chapter of life

Hoy nadie duda, al menos en los países de tradición occidental, de que el titular del derecho a la información clínica es el paciente sobre cuya salud versa dicha información, como ha sido institucionalmente reconocido en distintas leyes e instrumentos internacionales. Sin embargo, es todavía posible constatar ciertas prácticas que van en sentido contrario a este común asenso; señaladamente, aquella que, con un sesgo paternalista, omite la obligación de informar adecuadamente al enfermo al que se le ha diagnosticado una enfermedad grave con un pronóstico de vida limitado. Aunque son variadas las razones habitualmente invocadas para justificar esta reticencia, se puede afirmar que, en el fondo, todas concurren al objetivo de que el paciente no pierda la esperanza de recobrar la salud. En este estudio tratamos de poner de manifiesto que este objetivo priva al paciente de la oportunidad de escribir con sentido el último capítulo de su vida y de sentir el aliento de una esperanza nueva y verdaderamente libre, ocasionándole un perjuicio mayor que el que se le trata de evitar (AU)

Today no one doubts, at least in Western countries, that the holder of the right to clinical information is the patient whose health as has been institutionally recognized in several laws and international instruments. However, it is still possible to observe certain practices that go against this common assumption; particularly those that, with a paternalistic bias, omit the ob-ligation to provide adequate information to the patient who has been diagnosed with a serious illness with a limited life prognosis. Although the reasons usually invoked to justify this reti-cence are varied, it can be affirmed that, in the end, they all concur with the objective that the patient should not lose hope of recovering his or her health. The aim of this paper is to show that this objective deprives the patient of the opportunity to write meaningfully the last chap-ter of his or her life and to find the strength of a fresh and truly free hope, thus causing a greater harm than the one it is intended to prevent (AU)

Avui ningú dubte, almenys als països de tradició occidental, que el titular del dret a la informació clínica és el pacient sobre la salut del qual versa aquesta informació, com ha estat institucionalment reconegut en diferents lleis i instruments internacionals. No obstant això, és encara possible constatar certes pràctiques que van en sentit contrari a aquest comú consens; senyaladament, aquella que, amb un biaix paternalista, omet l'obligació d'informar adequadament el malalt al qual se li ha diagnosticat una malaltia greu amb un pronòstic de vida limitat. Encara que són variades les raons habitualment invocades per a justificar aquesta reticència, es pot afirmar que, en el fons, totes concorren a l'objectiu que el pacient no perdi l'esperança de recobrar la salut. En aquest estudi tractem de posar de manifest que aquest objectiu priva al pacient de l'oportunitat d'escriure amb sentit l'últim capítol de la seva vida i de sentir l'alè d'una esperança nova i veritablement lliure, ocasionant-li un perjudici major que el que se li tracta d'evitar (AU)

Validez de la versión española del Herth Hope Index y la Beck Hopelessness Scale en personas que han realizado una tentativa de suicidio / Validity of the spanish version of the Herth Hope Index and The Beck Hopelessness Scale in people who have attempted suicide

INTRODUCCIÓN: La evaluación del riesgo suicida sigue siendo un hándicap para políticas públicas sanitarias. La conducta más predictiva del suicidio consumado es la tentativa suicida previa. Sin embargo, los estudios centrados en factores de riesgo, hasta la fecha, no han disminuido las tasas de muertes por suicidio. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio sería adaptar el Herth Hope Index (HHI) y la Beck Hopelessness Scale como instrumentos de evaluación de la esperanza y desesperanza en población clínica española que ha realizado una tentativa de suicidio y valorar su validez estructural y validez divergente. METODOLOGÍA: La muestra estuvo constituida por N=682 personas (62,4% mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 77 años (M = 39; DT=19,1) con tentativas suicidas previas a los que se les aplicó la Herth Hope Index (HHI), la Beck Hopelessness Scale y la Escala de Resiliencia CD-RISC-10. RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que la HHI presenta una estructura bididimensional que explica el 71,2% de la varianza, una alta consistencia interna (alpha = 0,97), y adecua-da validez divergente con desesperanza de -0,77. Y además existen importantes diferencias en esperanza según el nivel de resiliencia de los participantes. CONCLUSIONES: El riesgo de suicidio debe evaluarse mediante enfoques preventivos y clínicos. La esperanza modula la resiliencia ante tentativas de suicidio y se ofrece una nueva escala breve adaptada a población clínica española y fácil de aplicar en urgencias hospitalarias que predice el nivel de vulnerabilidad futura al reintento de suicidio futuro más grave

INTRODUCTION: Suicide risk assessment remains a handicap for public health policies. Suicide is a major global public health problem. The most predictive behavior of completed suicide is prior suicide attempt. However, studies focused on risk factors have to date proved unsuccessful in reducing death by suicide rates. AIM: To adapt the Herth Hope Index and the Beck Hope-lessness Scale as assessment tools for assessing hope and hopelessness to a Spanish clinical population having carried out a suicide attempt, and assess its structural validity and divergent validity. METHODS: The sample comprised 682 people (62.4% female) aged between 18 and 77 years (M = 39; SD =19.1) with previous suicide attempts who were administered the Herth Hope Index (HHI), the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the CD-RISC-10 Resilience Scale. RESULTS: The findings showed that the HHI had a two-dimensional structure that explains 71.2% of the variance, a high internal consistency (alpha = .97), and adequate divergent validity with hopelessness of -.77. And there are also important differences in hope according to the resilience level of the participants. CONCLUSION: The suicide risk should be assessed by preventive and clinical approaches. Hope modulates resilience to suicide attempts and a new short scale adapted to the Spanish clinical population is offered. This short tool is easy to use in emergency department settings and predicts the level of potential vulnerability to more serious future re-peated attempts

Are humor styles predictors of hope? sex and age differences in Italian adolescents and young adults

The study analyzed relationships among humor styles and hope and deepen the role of humor styles as predictors of hope in 582 Italian adolescents and young adults (with age ranged between 14 and 27). Sex and age differences were observed. The Humor Styles Questionnaire was used to assess the inclination to adopt positive (affiliative/self-enhancing) and negative (aggressive/self-defeating) humor styles, and Hope Scale was used to evaluate the general level of hope ("overall" hope score) and its two components (agency/pathways). Significant differences for sex and age-groups were found. Correlation analyses pointed out that positive humor styles were positively related to hope, and self-defeating humor was negatively associated to hope. Linear regressions displayed that self-enhancing and affiliative styles positively influenced hope while self-defeating negatively affected hope. The emerged relationships suggested that promoting the use of humor to amuse the others facilitate interpersonal relationships especially in developmental age

No disponible

La pandemia de la COVID-19: Breve relato siguiendo la estructura de las etapas del duelo y soñando con un mundo mejor / No disponible

Ante la experiencia sin precedentes que supone la pandemia de la COVID-19 causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, este artículo trata de hacer un resumen tan objetivo como para mí sea posible, a la vez que no exento de las emociones que todas las personas en general y los profesionales de la medicina preventiva y salud pública en particular, han vivido y estamos viviendo. Y con el objeto de que esas emociones estén estructuradas, he optado por intentar clasificarlas evolutivamente de acuerdo con las «cinco etapas del duelo» por las que pasan las personas o comunidades que sufren una catástrofe personal, según el modelo concebido en 1969 por la doctora Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (negación, ira, negociación, depresión y aceptación). Lo he planteado así porque esta pandemia ha constituido una verdadera emergencia y catástrofe incluyendo la experiencia que ha arrasado por sorpresa a muchas poblaciones del mundo, segando muchísimas vidas. Pero junto a la descripción en las etapas descritas, este trabajo añade un paso más: la etapa de aprender de la experiencia y plantear propuestas desde la esperanza, subrayando entre otras cosas la importancia de fortalecer la medicina preventiva y salud pública

In view of the unprecedented experience of the 19-COVID pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, this article tries to summarize the facts as objectively as possible, while not being free of the emotions that all people in general and preventive medicine and public health professionals in particular have experienced and are experiencing. And in order to structure these emotions, I have chosen to try to classify them evolutionarily according to the "five stages of grief and grieving" through which people or communities who suffer a personal catastrophic experience, according to the model conceived in 1969 by Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance). I have framed it in this way because this pan-demic has represented a real emergency and catastrophe including the experience that has swept away by surprise many populations of the world, taking too many lives. But together with the pure description within the stages described, this work adds one more step: the stage of learning from experience and making proposals from hope, underlining, among other things, the importance of strengthening preventive medicine and public health

Intervenciones promotoras de esperanza en padres de niños con necesidades especiales de salud: una revisión scoping / Intervenções promotoras de esperança em pais de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde: uma revisão scoping / Hope promoting interventions in parents of children with special health needs: a scoping review

El concepto de esperanza ha sido identificado como central para la enfermería, ganando visibilidad en el ámbito de la atención al niño con necesidades especiales de salud y sus familias. Surgiendo nuevos desafíos en la enfermería pediátrica y constatando las necesidades de los padres ante las adversidades que enfrentan, las intervenciones promotoras de esperanza deberán ser vistas en destaque.Objetivo: Mapear las intervenciones que se han implementado y evaluado para promover la esperanza en los padres de los niños con necesidades especiales de salud.Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión scoping, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute, en las bases de datos PubMed, CINHAL completa y SciELO, en portugués, inglés y español y en el marco de tiempo 2008-2018.Resultados: Fueron incluidos en esta revisión 7 estudios. La investigación encontrada es mayoritariamente cualitativa, dispersa en términos temporales y diferenciados en el marco conceptual. En la mayoría de los casos, los estudios engloban intervenciones de carácter grupal e individual, con variabilidad de contextos y características de intervención.Conclusión: Se mantiene la discusión sobre intervenciones promotoras de esperanza en los cuidados de enfermería pediátrica, existiendo necesidad de más investigación para la validación de intervenciones que promuevan la esperanza en los padres de niños con necesidades especiales de salud

O conceito de esperança tem sido identificado como central para a enfermagem, ganhando visibilidade no âmbito da prestação de cuidados à criança com necessidades especiais de saúde e suas famílias. Surgindo novos desafios na enfermagem pediátrica e constatando as necessidades dos pais diante as adversidades que enfrentam, as intervenções promotoras de esperança deverão ser vistas em destaque. Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções que foram implementadas e avaliadas para promover a esperança em pais de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Método: realizou-se uma revisão scoping, seguindo a metodologia proposta pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, nas bases de dados Pubmed, CINHAL complete e SciELO, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e na janela temporal de 2008 a 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão 7 estudos. A investigação encontrada é maioritariamente qualitativa, dispersa em termos temporais e diferenciada no quadro conceptual. Maioritariamente avaliada em indivíduos, os estudos englobam intervenções de carater grupal e individual, com variabilidade de contextos e características de intervenção. Conclusão: mantém-se a discussão sobre intervenções promotoras de esperança nos cuidados de enfermagem pediátrica, existindo necessidade de mais investigação para a validação de intervenções que promovam a esperança em pais de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde

The concept of hope has been identified as central to nursing and have gained visibility in the caring of children with special health needs and their families. With the emergence of new challenges in pediatric nursing and knowing the needs and adversities parents are facing in their daily life, interventions that promote hope should be highlighted.Objective: to map the interventions that have been implemented and evaluated to promote hope in parents of children with special health needs.Method: a scoping review was held, following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, in the databases Pubmed, CINHAL complete and SciELO, in portuguese, english and spanish and in the time window from 2008 to 2018.Results: Seven studies were included in this review. The research that was found is mostly qualitative, dispersed in time and differentiated in terms of conceptual framework. Mostly evaluated in individuals, the studies encompass either group and individual interventions, with a large variability of contexts and intervention characteristics. Conclusion: discussions about hope promoting interventions in pediatric nursing care are currently occurring, the need for more research persists for the validation of hope promotion interventions in parents of children with special health needs

Towards an explanatory model of suicidal ideation: the effects of cognitive emotional regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness

Suicide constitutes a public health problem that has a significant economic, social and psychological impact on a global scale. Recently, the American Psychological Association has indicated that suicide prevention should be a public health priority. Suicidal ideation appears as a key variable in suicide prevention. The objective of this research was to verify the adjustment of an explanatory model for suicidal ideation, which considers the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness. An open mode on-line sample of 2,166 Argentine participants was used and a path analysis was carried out. The results make it possible to conclude that the model presents an optimal fit (χ2 = .10, p = .75, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .01) and predicts 42% of suicidal thoughts. The model proves to be invariant based on age and gender. In conclusion, there is an importance of reducing the use of automatic strategies, such as repetitive negative thoughts of ruminative type, and increasing the use of more controlled strategies, such as reinterpretation or planning

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Esperanza en Pacientes Oncológicos Paliativos hacia una revisión sistemática / Hope in Palliative Oncology Patients towars a systematic review

Objetivo. Revisión sobre el término esperanza. Método. Estudio sistemático, en el que se han seleccionado 31 artículos con población oncológica adulta, en estadio terminal, de edades entre 20 a 88 años, de ambos géneros. Resultado. La esperanza, es inherente para la vida del ser humano, es una expectativa del futuro, dinámica, cambiante, fluctuante, medible y multifacética; presenta dos connotaciones como verbo y como sustantivo. La esperanza se puede mantener y fomentar mediante estrategias personales del paciente, del entorno social y de los profesionales de la salud; además, existen herramientas, técnicas, programas y psicoterapias que facilitan dichos resultados. Conclusión. La esperanza se puede fomentar, mantener y fortalecer y es fundamental para esta etapa de enfermedad. No existe un protocolo de intervención específico, lo principal es escuchar al paciente

Objective. review on the term hope. Method. systematic study, in which 31 articles with adult population of ages between 20 to 88 years of both genders have been selected. Result. hope for palliative cancer patients is inherent in the life of the human being, it is an expectation of the future, dynamic, changing, fluctuating, measurable and multifaceted; presents two connotations as a verb and as a noun. Hope can be maintained and fostered through personal strategies of patient, social environment and health professionals; In addition, there are tools, techniques, programs and psychotherapies that facilitate these results. Conclusion. Hope can be encouraged, maintained and strengthened and is fundamental for this stage of illness. There is no specific intervention protocol for this, the main thing is to listen to the patient

Spirituality in adolescents with cancer

Objective: As adolescents with cancer are at risk of experiencing spiritual distress, they tend to have unique spiritual needs. Spirituality plays a significant role for adolescents with cancer as it contributes to increased comfort and calmness, and better coping mechanisms when confronted with the illness, which indirectly improves the adolescent's quality of life. This study aimed to explore spiritual experiences in adolescents with cancer. Method: A qualitative study using a phenomenology approach was conducted. Nine adolescents with chemotherapy-treated cancer were purposefully selected to be involved in this study. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: This study identified six spiritual themes in adolescents with cancer: a) accepting their illness; b) believing their illness in God's will; c) improving spiritual practices; d) expressing empathy to parents; e) maintaining relationships with significant others, and f) achieving self-actualization. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that spirituality gave hope to adolescents by helping them to overcome existential problems related to cancer. We believe it is necessary for nurses to address the spiritual needs of adolescent with cancer as this will help these young people accept their condition with more grace and humility

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Self-determination and personal identity in university students: the mediating role of future orientation

In this study, we sought to extend the research on self-determination, future orientation, and personal identity construction by integrating the theories on self-determination and future orientation to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the relations between personal identity and the following individual characteristics: Hope, optimism, awareness of self, and perceived choice. 191 university students in China responded surveys in hardcopies on an individual basis. Our SEM results revealed that proximal future orientation influenced the mechanisms through which distal psychological traits affected identity construction. Specifically, hope mediated the effects of self-awareness on the participants' personal identity ratings (b = .45, p < .05). Although optimism was related to both awareness of self and perceived choice, it was not significantly related to personal identity. This study suggested an extended framework through which we could understand how the interaction between future orientation and self-determination can predict personal identity. The findings have significant implications for interventions in educational settings

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Psychometric properties of dispositional hope scale for Brazilian sport context

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS) for the Brazilian sport context. The sample for construct validity consisted of 474 athletes; internal validity was assessed with 101 athletes; and external validity was tested in 81 athletes, from which, were 55 had further participated in the temporal stability assessment. Data analysis was conducted through the following tests: Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Spearman Correlation Coefficient and intraclass correlation. Results had shown that the DHS presents satisfactory internal consistency (.79 ≤ α ≤ .83; .58 ≤ r ≤ .75). The EFA model revealed a two-factor solution to be the most adequate, while CFA confirmed such model (χ2= 59.88; p< .001; χ2/df = 3.15; CFI = .90; AGFI = .94; TLI = .90; RMSEA = .07 CI [.05, .08]). The hope dimensions were positively correlated with Self-esteem (r > .50). Temporal stability was achieved (ICC > .70). It was concluded that the DHS is a valid measure for the assessment of hope in Brazilian sports context; this instrument has potential practical applications for professionals working with Sport Psychology

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Validación de la Escala de Esperanza en Enfermedad Terminal para familiares breve (EEET-fb). Análisis de validez y fiabilidad / Validation of the Scale of Hope in Terminal Illness for relatives brief version (SHTI-b). Validity and reliability analysis

Fundamento: La Escala de Esperanza en Enfermedad Terminal (EEET) de Bermejo y Villacieros recoge específicamente significados de la esperanza ante la terminalidad, incluyendo consideraciones relativas al apoyo psicoemocional y de sentido trascendente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la validación de la escala EEET abreviada y reformulada (EEET-fb) para adaptar todos los ítems a un solo epígrafe. Material y métodos: Se partió de la EEET publicada para realizar un análisis factorial exploratorio con una muestra de 177 cuestionarios válidos. En una segunda fase, con otra muestra de 180 cuestionarios válidos, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio y un análisis de correlación con medidas externas de bienestar espiritual (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy- Sp) y esperanza (Herth Hope Index). Resultados: Se obtuvo un modelo bidimensional con índices de ajuste satisfactorios (GFI = 0,991; CFI = 0,984; SRMR = 0,08; RMSEA = 0,057); el factor Relaciones de trascendencia obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,872 y el de Relaciones personales un alfa de 0,762. Las correlaciones de la EEET-fb con las medidas externas fueron: r = 0,527 con FACIT, r = 0,266 con HHI, r = 0,667 con el factor Espiritualidad de FACIT y r = 0,348 con el factor Interrelación de HHI. La subescala Relaciones de trascendencia correlaciona tanto con Disposición y expectativa (r = 0,162) como con Interrelación de HHI (r = 0,329), mientras que la escala Relaciones personales solamente lo hace con Interrelación de HHI (r = 0,244). Conclusiones: La EEET-fb es un instrumento válido y fiable, específico para ámbitos de terminalidad (AU)

Background: Bermejo and Villacieros' Scale of Hope in Terminal Disease (SHTD) specifically collects meanings of hope facing terminal disease, including considerations relating to psycho-emotional support and that have a transcendental sense. The objective of this paper is to validate the SHTD abbreviated and rephrased to adapt all the items to a single domain. Methods: Starting from the published SHTD, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out with a simple of 177 valid questionnaires. In a second study, with another sample of 180 valid questionnaires, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a correlation analysis with other measurements of spiritual wellbeing (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Sp) and hope (Herth Hope Index) were done. Results. A bidimensional model with satisfactory goodness of fit index values was obtained (GFI = 0.991; CFI = 0.984; SRMR = 0.08; RMSEA = 0.057); the Relations of Transcendence factor obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.872 and Personal Relations an alpha of 0.762. The correlations of the SHTI-rb with external measures were: r = 0.527with FACIT; r = 0.266 with HHI; r = 0.667 with the Spirituality subscale of FACIT; and r = 0.348 with the Interrelation factor of HHI. The Relations of Transcendence subscale correlated with both Layout and Expectation and Interrelation of HHI (r = 0.162 and r = 0.329 respectively), while the scale of Personal Relations only correlated with Interrelation of HHI (r = 0.244). Conclusions: The Scale of Hope in Terminal Illness for relatives (brief version) is a valid and reliable specific instrument for terminal patients (AU)

Componentes de la esperanza en situación de terminalidad. Estudio de desarrollo de una escala de medida / Components of hope in situation of terminality. Study for development of a measurement scale

Objetivo: Analizar qué factores subyacen a la esperanza al final de la vida mediante el desarrollo de una escala de medida. Método: Estudio de validación. De una población de aproximadamente 300 asistentes a las Jornadas de Cuidados Paliativos organizadas por un centro sociosanitario se recogieron 163 cuestionarios válidos, 141 (86,5%) cumplimentados por mujeres y 22 (13,5%) por hombres, con una media de edad de 40,92 años (DT: 14,52). Tras una revisión bibliográfica sobre el concepto de esperanza se elaboró un listado de 78 ítems y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: Se obtuvo una escala de 69 ítems con seis factores: compañía (20 ítems, alfa 0,921), espiritualidad (12 ítems, 0,907), actitud personal (19 ítems, 0,864), negación (3 ítems, 0,674), sostener (7 ítems, 0,742) y lucha (8 ítems, 0,813). Existen diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre las puntuaciones de los grupos que se diferencian en cuanto a sus creencias sobre lo que hay más allá de la muerte. Puntúan más bajo los que no creen que haya nada frente a los que creen que allí están los seres queridos y los que creen que después está Dios (242 frente a 264 y 269). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la esperanza en terminalidad se obtiene a través de tres vías: la relación con otros (o seres queridos), la relación con Dios (o trascendencia) y la relación con uno mismo (o actitud personal). Destacamos que la espiritualidad añade esperanza al que cree en que hay algo más allá (sean los seres queridos o Dios) ante la situación de terminalidad (AU)

Objective: to analyse the factors that underlie the hope at the end of life through the development of a measurement scale. Method: Validation study. Of a population of approximately 300 attendees at the Conference on Palliative Care organized by a healthcare center, 163 valid questionnaires were collected, 141 (86.5%) women and 22 (13.5%) men, with an average age of 40,92 (d.t. 14.52, 17 and maximum 75 minimum). After a review of the literature on hope concept and definitions by recognized authors a list of 78 items was developed and a exploratory factor analysis was developed. Results: a 69 items scale with 6 factors was obtained: Company (20 items, alpha 0.921), Spirituality (12 items, 0.907), Personal attitude (19 items, 0.864), Denial (3 items, 0.674), Hold (7 items, 0.742) and Fight (8 items, 0.813). There are significant differences (p < .05) among scores of groups that differ in their beliefs about what lies beyond death. They scored lowest, those who do not believe there is anything against those who believe that there are lovedones and those who believe that after is God (242 vs 264 and 269). Conclusions: results suggest that hope is obtained through a 3-way path, the relationship with others (or beloved), with God (or trascendence) and with one’s self (or personal attitude). We emphasize that the spirituality adds hope to whom believe that there is something beyond (beloved or God) in terminality situation (AU)

Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Expectativas de Futuro en la Adolescencia (EEFA) / Development and validation of the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale

El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar y validar el instrumento Escala de Expectativas de Futuro en la Adolescencia (EEFA). Se analizó una muestra compuesta por 1125 participantes de ambos sexos procedentes de la provincia de Cádiz, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 15 años. A partir del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), realizado con la submuestra 1 (n=551), se identificaron cuatro factores: Expectativas económico/laborales, Expectativas académicas, Expectativas de bienestar personal y Expectativas familiares. Mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), usando la submuestra 2 (n=574), se confirmó la estructura factorial de la escala, cuyo modelo presentaba un buen ajuste. Los análisis de los ítems y de fiabilidad demostraron una aceptable consistencia interna de la escala. Para la obtención de otras evidencias de validez, los datos obtenidos mediante el instrumento EEFA se contrastaron con otros instrumentos que evalúan autoestima y satisfacción vital, esperando obtener relaciones positivas entre los mismos. Se concluye que el instrumento EEFA, compuesto por 14 ítems, posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, considerándose un instrumento válido para evaluar las expectativas de futuro que presentan los adolescentes

The aim of this study is to design and validate the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale. We analyze a sample consisting of 1125 participants of both sexes, from Cádiz, with an age range between 11 and 15 years old. Exploratory factorial analysis was performed with the sample 1 (n=551) and it resulted in four factors: economic expectations, academic expectations, expectations of personal well-being and family expectations. The application of the confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the sample 2 (n=574). The factor structure of the scale was confirmed. The model showed a good fit. The reliability and item analyses showed that the scale had good internal consistency. With the aim of determining construct validity, the data obtained by the Adolescent Future Expectations Scale were compared with other instruments that assess self-esteem and life satisfaction. We expected to get positive relationship between them. It was concluded that the 14-item scale is a valid instrument to evaluate adolescents' future expectations