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1.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 98: e202402009, Feb. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231352

RESUMO

La presencia de brotes epidémicos de poliomielitis en las décadas iniciales y centrales del siglo pasado constituyó un importante problema de Salud Pública, debido a la ausencia de tratamientos eficaces, por afectar de forma preferente a edades infantiles, en entornos con niveles aceptables de salubridad y por las temibles secuelas paralíticas. En este trabajo se intentan reconstruir algunas de las respuestas que se dieron en el estado español, tanto en los ámbitos profesionales sanitarios como desde planteamientos hete-rodoxos alternativos como el método Kenny, tomando como eje de referencia la cultura compasiva que estuvo detrás del desarrollo de las medidas adoptadas, así como su análisis crítico, en el periodo anterior a la puesta en marcha de las vacunas antipoliomielíticas.(AU)


The presence of epidemic outbreaks of poliomyelitis in the initial and central decades of the last century constituted an important Public Health problem due to the absence of effective treatments because it preferentially affected children, in environments with acceptable levels of health, and the fear of the paralytic sequelae. This work attempted to reconstruct some of the responses that were given in the Spanish state, both in professional health settings and from alternative heterodox approaches such as the Kenny method, taking as a reference axis the compassionate culture that was behind the development of the measures. adopted and their critical analysis, in the period before the implementation of anti-polio vaccines.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , História do Século XX , Poliomielite , Saúde Pública , Epidemias , Empatia , Programas de Imunização , Espanha/epidemiologia
2.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 20(2): 357-372, 26 oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226871

RESUMO

Introducción: La calidad de vida profesional (que incluye satisfacción y fatiga por compasión) y sus factores asociados, han sido poco explorados en cuidados paliativos (CP) en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida profesional en CP y su relación con el autocuidado, la capacidad de atención plena y el sentido de vida. Método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal. Participaron profesionales laborando en CP en Colombia. Se empleó el PROQOL para evaluar satisfacción por compasión (SC), Burnout y trauma secundario (TS), el PSCS para examinar autocuidado, el MAAS para examinar atención plena y la Escala dimensional de sentido de vida (EDSV). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y de regresión múltiple. Resultados: participaron 108 profesionales. Edad promedio 38 años, 55% médicos, 73% mujeres, 32,4% reportaron elevada afectación del bienestar por la Covid-19. El 85% obtuvieron puntuaciones medias o altas en SC, el 75,9% en Burnout y el 81,5% en TS (con medianas de 42.5, 21 y 12, respectivamente). Hubo una correlación positiva y significativa entre PSCS, MAAS y EDSV con SC, pero negativa y significativa con Burnout y TS. En conjunto, la SC, el MAAS y el autocuidado social tuvieron un efecto predictivo negativo sobre los niveles de Burnout (R2=0,535). Conclusiones: Aunque la mayoría de participantes están satisfechos con su labor, los índices de Burnout y TS fueron elevados durante el período de pandemia. El en conjunto, la satisfacción por compasión, la atención plena y el autocuidado social predijeron niveles menores de Burnout, indicando potenciales vías de apoyo para quienes ejercen CP (AU)


Introduction. Professional quality of life (involving compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue) and its related factors have been poorly explored in Palliative Care (PC). Objectives. To determine the professional quality of life of PC practitioners in Colombia and its relationship with self-care, mindfulness and meaning of life. Methods. Observational cross-sectional study. Practicing professionals of PC of Colombia were invited. Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout, and Secondary Trauma (ST) were assessed using PROQOL; selfcare was examined using PSCS; MAAS was used to assess Mindfulness capacity, and the Dimensional Scale of sense of life (EDSV) was also employed. Descriptive correlational, and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results. One-hundred and eight participants participated; mean age of 38 years, 73% women, 32,4% indicated high impact on their wellbeing due to Covid-19; 85% of participants showed medium-high scores on CS, 75,9% on Burnout, and 81,5% on ST (median scores of 42.5, 21, and 12, respectively). Scores on PSCS, MAAS and EDSV positively and significantly correlated with CS, and were negatively and significantly related with Burnout and ST. Altogether, SC, MAAS and social selfcare had a negative predictive effect on Burnout levels (R2=0.538). Conclusion. Although most participants were satisfied with their jobs, scores on Burnout, and TS were high during the Pandemic. Together, compassion satisfaction, mindfulness and social selfcare were predictive of lower levels of Burnout, signaling potential lines of intervention for PC practitioners (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esgotamento Psicológico/psicologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos , Espiritualidade , Empatia , Estudos Transversais
3.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 32(3): 29-41, Sept 3, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227441

RESUMO

The positive impact of sports education programmes in promoting the physical and emotional well-being of students has been firmly proven. However, it is important to comprehend the aspects that lead to student happiness in these programmes in order to guarantee successful execution and favourable results. The present study seeks to examine the impact of instructor empathy, system quality, and reputation on student happiness within the context of sports education programmes offered in high schools in Indonesia. The Privietlab Research Institute administered an online questionnaire to students, resulting in the collection of 364 valid responses. The data was analysed and the study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results of the study indicate that there is a strong and positive relationship between instructor empathy and system quality on reputation. Additionally, reputation was found to have a major beneficial influence on student satisfaction. The findings highlight the significance of instructor empathy, system quality, and reputation in augmenting student satisfaction within sports education programs. Therefore, this research offers significant contributions for educators, school administrators, and policymakers, underscoring the importance of prioritizing these aspects in order to guarantee a superior sports education experience for children in Indonesia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes , Esportes/educação , Empatia , Currículo , Felicidade , Psicologia , Esportes , Psicologia do Esporte , Indonésia
4.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 32(3): 1-18, Sept 3, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226593

RESUMO

The concept of resilience has a crucial role in various aspects of individuals' lives, including physical exercise, self-efficacy, self-esteem, body image, and overall welfare. The importance of this factor in assisting athletes in effectively navigating the demands of sports performance should not be underestimated. The present study aims to investigate the effects of consistent physical exercise and participation in competitive activities on an individual's psychological resilience. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a sample of 329 participants, consisting of 229 individuals who engaged in regular exercise and 100 individuals who did not exercise. The participants were selected from athletics club members and college students. The Resilience Scale and Physical Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were administered to theparticipants using a survey conducted through Google Forms. Prior informed consent was obtained from all participants. The findings suggest that those in the regular exercise group had enhanced emotional impulse control, heightened positive emotions, improved communication skills, more empathy, and greater self-improvement in comparison to those in the non-exercise group. In a similar vein, individuals who took part in competitive activities had a significant improvement in their ability to regulate their emotional impulses, showed a greater understanding and management of positive emotions, exhibited improved communication abilities, displayed heightened empathetic capacities, and experienced enhanced personal growth compared to those who did not participate. The aforementioned results highlight the beneficial impact of consistent physical activity in strengthening one's psychological resilience, which is consistent with previous research that has demonstrated exercise's ability to reduce stress and enhanceresilience. This study highlights the positive associations between consistent physical activity, engagement in competitive sports, and increased psychological resilience among athletes. Examining these connections offers practical knowledge for athletes and sports professionals aiming to enhance their psychological well-being and performance in demanding environm.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resiliência Psicológica , Autoeficácia , Autoimagem , Imagem Corporal , Exercício Físico , Desempenho Atlético , Esportes , Psicologia do Esporte , Atletas/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Emoções , Empatia , Atividade Motora
5.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(3)jul.-sep. 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-218526

RESUMO

Background: Compassion motivation is associated with increased heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting a calm and self-soothing physiological state. Recent work, however, suggests that this association is dynamic for the specific components of compassion. Objectives: The present study adopted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the right insula to see whether this would modulate the sensitivity to suffering and the commitment to engage in helpful actions (i.e., the components of compassion motivation). Method: Ninety-seven healthy individuals underwent 15-min anodal or sham tDCS over the frontotemporal lobe, while watching a video inducing empathic sensitivity and performing a Redistribution Game. Tonic and phasic HRV, dispositional traits, and momentary affects were assessed. Results: Compared to sham condition, anodal stimulation favored significant i) HRV reductions during the video and HRV increases during the Redistribution Game; ii) decreases in self-reported levels of negative affect and increases in positive affect during task when the latter was preceded by the video, without influencing altruistic behavior. Conclusions: Anodal tDCS over the right insula may modulate the engagement phase of compassion by intensifying the psychophysiological sensitivity to signals of distress and protecting from being subjectively overwhelmed by it. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Motivação , Empatia , Emoções , Frequência Cardíaca
6.
An. psicol ; 39(2): 287-293, May-Sep. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219767

RESUMO

El debate sobre si la eutanasia debe ser o no una práctica legal está presente en la sociedad española desde los años 90. Recientemente, el gobierno español ha aprobado la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 sobre la regulación de la eutanasia. En relación con esta cuestión, que ha suscitado y sigue suscitando polémica tanto en la opinión pública como en el mundo político y jurídico, este trabajo explora la relación de las diferentes variables con las actitudes del público español hacia la eutanasia. Para ello, participaron en el estudio 182 personas residentes en España. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias en cuanto a la edad o el sexo de los participantes en sus actitudes hacia la eutanasia. Las personas creyentes (independientemente de la religión) tienen actitudes menos favorables hacia la eutanasia que las personas no creyentes. La orientación política también se relaciona con las actitudes hacia la eutanasia. Finalmente, la confianza en el sistema de salud del país y la preocupación empática de las personas también está relacionada con sus actitudes hacia la eutanasia. La eutanasia acaba de aprobarse en España y se empieza a poner en práctica, es de vital importancia considerar la perspectiva social de la eutanasia.(AU)


The debate surrounding whether or not euthanasia should be a legal practice has been present in Spanish society since the 90’s. Recently, the Spanish government has passed Organic Law 3/2021 on the regulation of euthanasia. In relation to this question, which has raised and continues to raise controversy among both public opinion and the political and legal world, this work explores the relation of the different variables to the atti-tudes of the Spanish public towards euthanasia. For this purpose, 182 peo-ple residing in Spain took part in the study. The results indicate that there are no differences with regard to the age or gender of the participants in their attitudes towards euthanasia. Those who hold religious beliefs (irre-spective of their religion) hold less favourable attitudes towards euthanasia than non-believers. Political orientation also relates to attitudes towards eu-thanasia. Finally, trustin the country’s health system and people’s empathic concern is also related to their attitudes towards euthanasia. At this point in time, when euthanasia has only just been regulated and starts to be put into practice in this country, it is of vital importance to consider the social perspective of euthanasia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Eutanásia , Empatia , Religião , Confiança , Sistemas de Saúde , Espanha , Jurisprudência
7.
Rev. psicol. clín. niños adolesc ; 10(2): 1-6, MAYO 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219701

RESUMO

El acoso escolar es un fenómeno que está presente en las aulas. Las competencias emocionales que desarrollan los niños en su crecimiento pueden tener relación con la participación en este proceso. La empatía es una competencia que se ve afectada en agresores y víctimas. Este trabajo analizó si existen diferencias en el nivel de empatía en función de los participantes del acoso escolar (víctimas y acosadores). Además, se estudiasi hay diferencias en empatía en función del sexo de la persona hacia quien va dirigida la acción empática y de quién la ejerce. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 180 niños siendo el 50% chicas y 50% chicos de entre 10 y 12 años, encontrando la media en 11,23 años y la desviación típica de .914. reclutados en cinco colegios de la provincia de Alicante (Petrel, Ibi y Alicante), en España. Los niños respondieron al Cuestionario de Índice de Empatía para Niños y Adolescentes (Index of Empaty for Children and Adolescents, IECA) para evaluar la empatía y al Test Bull-S paraevaluar los posibles perfiles de agresor y víctima en las aulas. Los agresores y las víctimas obtuvieron un menor índice de empatía con respecto a la media global de la muestra; aunque no hubo diferencia en empatía entre agresores y víctimas. Las chicas puntuaron más alto en empatía que los chicos. Las chicas mostraron ser más empáticas con las chicas, que con los chicos. Se concluye que las competencias emocionales pueden verse afectadas en personas involucradas en situaciones de acoso. Por tanto, se debe dar prioridad a programas de prevención basados en mejorar las competencias emocionales y así evitar el problema del acoso escolar antes de que ocurra. (AU)


Bullying is a phenomenon that is present in the classroom. The emotional competences that children develop as they grow up may be related to their participation in this process. Empathy is a competence thatis affected in aggressors and victims. This paper analysed whether there are differences in the level of empathy depending on the participants in bullying (victims and bullies). In addition, we studied whether there are differences in empathy according to the gender of the person towards whomthe empathic action is directed and who is exercising it. The sample consisted of 180 children, 50% girls and 50% boys between 10 and 12 years of age, with a mean of 11.23 years and a standard deviation of .914, recruited from five schools in the province of Alicante (Petrel, Ibi and Alicante),Spain. The children responded to the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA) questionnaire to assess empathy and to the Bull-S test to assess possible aggressor and victim profiles in the classroom. Bullies and victims scored lower on empathy than the overall sample mean, although there was no difference in empathy between bullies and victims. Girls scored higher on empathy than boys. Girls were more empathetic towards girls than boys. It is concluded that emotional competences may be affected in people involved in bullying situations. Therefore, priority should be given to prevention programmes based on improving emotional competences in order to prevent the problem of bullying before it occurs. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Bullying/psicologia , Empatia , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudos Transversais , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
8.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(2): 1-5, abr.-jun. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213890

RESUMO

Background/Objectives: Several studies have shown that personality traits are a benchmark in research field of bullying prevention, while others have highlighted that the socio-emotional skills are important to prevent a wide range of maladjusted behaviors, suggesting that the investment in their developing may mediate the effects of personality dispositions. The present study aims to clarify if socio-emotional attitudes can mediate the relationships between personality traits and bullying. Methods: Five sequential mediation models are tested using the Big Five personality traits as focal predictors, bullying as the outcome, and trait emotional intelligence and empathy as causally chained mediators, involving 199 primary school children (8-10 years) through the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire, the Big Five Questionnaire for children, the Emotional Intelligence Index and the Empathy-Teen Conflict Survey. Results: Data showed that openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were inversely related to bullying, and that the causal chain of TEI-empathy negatively and completely mediated the relationship between emotional instability and bullying and negatively and partially mediated the relationship between openness and bullying. Conclusions: These results suggest that TEI and empathy mediate the relationship between personality traits and bullying, reducing the risk of being involved in bullying perpetration. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Personalidade , Bullying , Inteligência Emocional , Empatia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Desenvolvimento Infantil
9.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 46(4): 261-265, Abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-218416

RESUMO

Background and aims: A good patient–physician relationship in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very important and physician empathy is its cornerstone. There is no evidence about if age and/or sex of physicians and patients could influence on perceived empathy by patients. The aim of the study was to assess the level of empathy of IBD specialist physicians perceived by their patients and if it varies according to the age and gender of the patient and the physician. Methods: We performed a national cross-sectional study based on voluntary online survey to IBD patients that included the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) scale. Results: Five hundred sixty one responses to the survey were received. After applying exclusion criteria, 536 patients were included in the analysis. Total median score of CARE scale was 44.5 (maximum possible score: 50 points). Most of the patients (99.1%) considered the contents of the questionnaire to be an important issue. There were no significant differences in CARE scale scores in function of patient/physician age range or gender [physician gender: males vs. females: median 46 vs. 44, p=0.139; physician age: <40 years, 40–60 years, >60 years: 45.5 vs. 44 vs. 44, p=0.328]. Conclusion: Spanish inflammatory bowel disease patients have a great physician empathy perception, which is the key to a good patient–physician relationship, and this fact is not influenced by age or gender of patients or inflammatory bowel disease specialist.(AU)


Introducción y objetivos: Una buena relación médico-paciente con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es muy importante y la empatía del médico desempeña un papel clave para conseguirla. No hay evidencia sobre si la edad o el género de médicos y pacientes podría influir en la empatía percibida por los pacientes. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el nivel de empatía del médico especialista en EII percibida por sus pacientes y si esta varía en función de la edad o el sexo del paciente y el médico. Métodos: Estudio transversal nacional basado en la realización de encuestas voluntarias telemáticas por pacientes con EII, completando la escala Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE). Resultados: Se recibieron 561 respuestas a la encuesta. Tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, 536 pacientes fueron incluidos en el análisis. La mediana de la puntuación total en la escala CARE fue de 44,5 (puntuación máxima posible 50 puntos). La mayoría de pacientes (99,1%) consideraron los contenidos del cuestionario como aspectos de alto interés. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la puntuación de la escala CARE en función del rango de edad o el género de pacientes y médicos (género del médico: hombres vs. mujeres: mediana 46 vs. 44, p=0,139; edad del médico: <40 años, 40-60 años, >60 años: 45.5 vs. 44 vs. 44, p=0,328). Conclusión: Los pacientes españoles con EII han reportado unos altos niveles de empatía percibida, lo cual es clave para una buena relación médico-paciente, y este factor no está influido por la edad ni el género de los pacientes o el especialista en EII.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Relações Médico-Paciente , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Empatia , Identidade de Gênero , Gastroenterologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Psicol. conduct ; 31(1): 59-76, abr. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219453

RESUMO

La empatía es una habilidad que permite la identificación e interpretación de experiencias subjetivas de otros. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el “Cociente de empatía” (CE) en adolescentes mexicanos a partir de una muestra de 573 estudiantes (350 mujeres y 223 hombres) con una edad media de 14,8 años (DT= 1,96). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, identificando dos factores, uno con 16 ítems asociados a la dimensión afectiva y otro de 13 ítems con la dimensión cognitiva (índices de bondad de ajuste: GFI= 0,984, RMSEA= 0,034 y RMSR= 0,072). Para evaluar el modelo bifactorial obtenido, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, presentando adecuados índices de ajuste (RMSEA= 0,020, RMSR= 0,045, CFI= 0,998, GFI= 0,988). En la consistencia interna se encontró un coeficiente de correlación ω de McDonald de 0,941 para la dimensión afectiva y 0,772 para la dimensión cognitiva (p< 0,001). La validación de este instrumento de empatía apoyará su uso como herramienta de evaluación en investigación clínica en adolescentes mexicanos. (AU)


Empathy is a skill that enables the identification with and interpretation of others' subjective experiences. The purpose of this study was to validate the Empathy Quotient (EQ) in adolescents in Mexico. A sample of 573 Mexican adolescent students (350 female and 223 male) with an age range of 12-19 years was employed (Mage= 14.8 years, SD= 1.96). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out which identified two factors, one with 16 items associated with the affective dimension and one with 13 items related to the cognitive dimension (model fit indices: GFI= .984, RMSEA= .034, and RMSR= .072). To evaluate the resultant bifactor model, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, showing good fit indexes (RMSEA= .020, RMSR= .045, CFI= .998, GFI= .988). Regarding internal consistency, we found a McDonald's ω correlation coefficient of= .941 for the affective dimension and ω= .772 for the cognitive dimension, with p< .001. The validation of this empathy instrument will support its use as a clinical research assessment tool in Mexican adolescents. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Empatia , Cognição , Emoções , México , Análise Fatorial
11.
Psicosom. psiquiatr ; (24): 38-44, Ene-Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217996

RESUMO

Introducción: La conducta suicida es actualmente uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública con un aumento de la prevalencia en los últimos años. El modelo multidimensional de la empatía discrimina diferentes aspectos tanto de la empatía afectiva como cognitiva, y permite profundizar en el estudio de los factores de riesgo y protección de la conducta suicida. Objetivo. Analizar el patrón diferencial de la empatía en pacientes con conducta suicida y en controles sanos. Métodos: Estudio observacional caso-control en 95 pacientes y 151 controles sanos. Se utilizó la escala Empathy Quotient y el Interpersonal Reactivity Index [subescalas de empatía cognitiva: IRI-Perspective Taking (IRI-PT), IRI-Fantasy Scale (IRI-FS); subescalas de empatía afectiva: IRI-Empathetic Concern (IRI-EC), IRI-Personal Distress (IRI-PD)]. Resultados: 51 (53.7%) de los pacientes ingresados presentaban conducta suicida, y tenían, en relación a los pacientes sin conducta suicida, puntuaciones mayores estadísticamente significativas en IRI-EC (p=0.047). Respecto a los controles sanos, los pacientes con conducta suicida tenían menos empatía EQ (p=0.001) tanto cognitiva (IRI-PT p=0.002; IRI-FS p=0.040) como afectiva (IRI-EC p= 0.029) y mayor ansiedad IRI-PD (p<0.0001). Discusión: Los pacientes con conducta suicida presentan un patrón diferencial de la empatía respecto a los controles sanos. Los resultados sugieren que la empatía es un factor protector de la conducta suicida. Las intervenciones terapéuticas breves en personas vulnerables en situación de crisis, deberían aliviar eficazmente la ansiedad y ofrecer un espacio para sentir y expresar el malestar.(AU)


Introduction: Suicidal behaviour is currently one of the biggest public health problems with an increase in prevalence in recent years. The multidimensional model of empathy discriminates between different aspects of both affective and cognitive empathy, and allows further study of risk and protective factors for suicidal behaviour. Aim. Analyse the differential pattern of empathy in patients with suicidal behaviour and in healthy controls. Methods: Observational case-control study in 95 patients and 151 healthy controls. The Empathy Quotient scale and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index [cognitive empathy subscales: IRI-Perspective Taking (IRI-PT), IRI-Fantasy Scale (IRI-FS)] were used; affective empathy subscales: IRI-Empathetic Concern (IRI-EC), IRI-Personal Distress (IRI-PD)]. Results: 51 (53.7%) of the patients presented suicidal behaviour, and had, in relation to the patients without suicidal behaviour, statistically significant higher scores in IRI-EC (p=0.047). Compared to healthy controls, patients with suicidal behaviour had less empathy EQ (p=0.001) both cognitive (IRI-PT p=0.002; IRI-FS p=0.040) and affective (IRI-EC p= 0.029) and more anxiety IRI-PD (p<0.0001). Discussion: Patients with suicidal behaviour have a differential pattern of empathy compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that empathy is a protective factor against suicidal behaviour. Brief therapeutic interventions in vulnerable people in crises should effectively relieve anxiety and offer a space to feel and express discomfort.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Empatia , Tentativa de Suicídio , Ideação Suicida , Saúde Mental , Saúde Pública , Psiquiatria , Estudos de Casos e Controles
12.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 23(1): 1-10, ene.-abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213092

RESUMO

The ability to empathize with another person's inner experience is believed to be a central element of our social interactions. Previous research has focused on cognitive (e.g., theory of mind) and emotional (e.g., emotional contagion) empathy, and less on behavioral factors (i.e., the ability to respond empathically). Recent studies suggest that the Default Mode Network (DMN) mediates individual variability in distinct empathy-related behaviors. However, little is known about DMN activity during actual empathic responses, understood in this study as the ability to communicate our understanding of the others’ experience back to them. This study used an empathy response paradigm with 28 participants (22-37 years old) to analyze the relationship between the quality of empathic responses to 14 empathy-eliciting vignettes and patterns of attenuation in the DMN. Overall, the results suggest that high levels of empathic response, are associated with sustained activation of the DMN when compared with lower levels of empathy. Our results demonstrate that the DMN becomes increasingly involved in empathy-related behavior, as our level of commitment to the other's experience increases. This study represents a first attempt to understand the relation between the capacity for responding in a supportive way to others’ needs and the intra-individual variability of the pattern of the DMN attenuation. Here we underline the critical role that the DMN plays in high-level social cognitive processes and corroborate the DMN role in different psychiatric disorders associated with a lack of empathy. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Comportamento , Emoções , Empatia , Universidades , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética
13.
An. psicol ; 39(1): 119-126, Ene-Abr. 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213846

RESUMO

This study examined the role of social interest and empathy in helping and not helping adults during floods. Participants were split into two groups with helping behaviors (N=90) and without helping behaviors (N = 90) during floods from six cities, Khuzestan province, Iran. A demo-graphic questionnaire, the Social Interest Scale (SIS), and the Question-naire Measure of Empathic Tendency (QMET)) were used in this study. Analysis showed that people in the helping group had higher social interest than those in the control group. Also, individuals with helping behaviors had greater performance in susceptibility to emotional contagion, extreme emotional responsiveness, tendency to be moved by others' positive emo-tional experiences, tendency to be moved by others' negative emotional experiences, sympathetic tendency, willingness to be in contact with others who have problems, and the total score of empathy than persons in the control group.These findings can be combined with the emergency aid programs in natural disasters.(AU)


Este estudio examina el papel del interés social y la empatía en ayudar y no ayudar a los adultos durante las inundaciones. Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos con comportamientos de ayuda (N = 90) y sin comportamientos de ayuda (N = 90) durante las inundaciones de seis ciudades, provincia de Juzestán, Irán. En este estudio se utilizaron un cuestionario demográfico, la Escala de Interés Social (SIS) y el Cuestionario de Medida de Tendencia Empática (QMET). El análisis mostró que las personas en el grupo de ayuda tenían mayor interés social y empatía que las del grupo de control. Este estudio describe cómo, en resumen, el interés social y la empatía contribuirían a ayudar a las personas afectadas por las inundaciones a salvar sus vidas y sus propiedades. Estos hallazgos se pueden combinar con los programas de ayuda de emergencia en desastres naturales y se convertirán en información pública.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Empatia , Inundações , Socorro de Urgência , Comportamento , Desastres Naturais , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Irã (Geográfico) , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Index enferm ; 32(4): [e14781], 20230000.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231555

RESUMO

La vida de la estudiante de enfermería dio un giro cuando un familiar cercano ingresa en el hospital con problemas de salud graves y constata las dificultades de los profesionales para gestionar las malas noticias. La experiencia le enseñó lecciones valiosas sobre vivir con amor, aprender de la atención emocional y apreciar el momento presente. Años después, como enfermera oncológica, aplicó estas lecciones para brindar un trato humano a los pacientes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Enfermagem Oncológica , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Inteligência Emocional , Empatia , Enfermagem , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros
16.
Pap. psicol ; 43(3): 218-224, Sept. 2022. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212855

RESUMO

Se prevé que en un futuro próximo los robots estarán cada vez más involucrados en roles sociales, sin embargo,comprender cómo los estudiantes aprenden habilidades empáticas, y cómo la tecnología puede respaldar este proceso, es un área importante pero poco investigada. Este trabajo analiza los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de la empatía desde la infancia temprana y las variables de la empatía robótica que podrían ayudar a favorecer este aprendizaje. Se ha encontrado que la inteligencia artificial socioemocional (IAS) ya ha logrado implementar conéxito algunos de los mecanismos humanos de la empatía que están presentes durante los primeros años de vida. El estado actual de la investigación en IAS está lejos de lograr una capacidad empática completa, pero puede aportarherramientas útiles para fomentar habilidades empáticas desde la infancia.(AU)


It is expected that in the near future robots will be increasingly involved in social roles, however, understanding how students learn empathic skills, and how technology can support this process, is an important but under-researched area in artificial intelligence. This paper analyzes the factors that contribute to the development of empathy from early childhood and the variables of robotic empathy that could help promote this learning. It has been found that social emotional artificial intelligence (SEAI) has already successfully implemented some of the human mechanisms of empathy that are present during the first years of life. The current state of SEAI research is far from achieving full empathic capacity, but it can provide useful tools to promote empathic skills, the basis of social cooperation and ethical and prosocial behavior, from childhood.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes , Empatia , Inteligência Artificial , Relações Interpessoais , Robótica , Tecnologia , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia Social
17.
Cuad. bioét ; 33(109): 303-316, Sep-Dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212919

RESUMO

Las habilidades sociales y de comunicación juegan un papel importante en la relación que establecenlos profesionales sanitarios con sus pacientes. En este ámbito, soledad y empatía clínica es previsible quejueguen un papel importante de influencia. Sin embargo, el conocimiento que existe sobre dicho papelaún es bastante limitado. Esta revisión se hizo con el propósito de recoger los hallazgos reportados enesta materia en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. La revisión incluyó: artículos publicados en ingléso castellano durante los últimos cincuenta años que estuvieran indexados en MedLine o SCOPUS, con estu-diantes o profesionales sanitarios como participantes, y donde empatía y soledad hubieran sido utilizadascomo medidas principales. Once artículos, publicados entre 1986 y el 2020, cumplieron los criterios antesindicados y fueron incluidos en el análisis. De ellos, ocho fueron estudios observacionales y tres estudiosde intervención. Ocho estudios se realizaron con estudiantes y tres con profesionales sanitarios. Una co-rrelación negativa entre empatía y soledad apareció en cuatro estudios. Además, la soledad en el entornofamiliar fue descrita como predictor negativo de la empatía hacia los pacientes. Los programas formativosen habilidades empáticas y de acompañamiento grupal de los estudiantes demostraron no solo ser eficacesen la mejora de la empatía, sino también en la reducción de la soledad. Estos hallazgos confirman unaestrecha relación entre empatía y soledad. También demuestran que la mejora en habilidades empáticastiene un efecto positivo en la conducta ética profesional hacia los pacientes y en la mejora del estado debienestar medido en una menor percepción de soledad.(AU)


Social and communication skills play an important role in the relationship between healthcare profes-sionals and their patients. In this field, it is plausible that clinical empathy and loneliness play an importantrole of influence. However, the knowledge about this roll is still scarce. The main purpose of this reviewwas to collect findings reported on this matter in students and healthcare professionals. The review in-cluded: articles published in English or Spanish during the last fifty years that were indexed in MedLineor SCOPUS, with students or health professionals as participants, and where empathy and loneliness hadbeen used as main measures. Eleven articles, published between 1986 and 2020, that met the abovemen-tioned criteria were included in the analysis. From them, eight corresponded to observational studies andthree to interventional studies. Eight studies included students and the other three included healthcareprofessionals in their study samples. A negative correlation between empathy and loneliness was foundin four studies. Furthermore, loneliness in the family environment was described as a negative predictorof empathy towards patients. Training programs in empathic skills and group accompaniment proved notonly effective in the improvement of empathy in students, but also in the reduction of loneliness. Thesefindings confirm a close relationship between clinical empathy and loneliness. They also show that theimprovement in empathic skills not only has a positive effect on the professional ethical behavior towardspatients, but it also helps improving the professional’s well-being by reducing loneliness.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoal de Saúde , Solidão , Empatia , Ciências da Saúde , Estudantes , Bioética , Temas Bioéticos
18.
Psicol. conduct ; 30(2): 391-410, Sept. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-208435

RESUMO

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron analizar la presencia de laciberviolencia en parejas jóvenes, explorar las asociaciones entre la ciberviolencia,la dependencia emocional, la empatía y las relaciones filio parentales, e identificarfactores predictores de la ciberviolencia. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra deconveniencia compuesta por 469 estudiantes universitarios. Estos completaron la“Escala de violencia de pareja en las redes sociales en adolescentes” el“Instrumento de vínculo parental”, el de “Dependencia emocional en el noviazgode jóvenes y adolescentes” y la “Escala de empatía básica”. El 51,9% de la muestraafirmaba haber sufrido ciberviolencia y el 56,6% admitía haberla ejercido. Loschicos puntuaron más alto que las chicas en ciberviolencia y cibervictimización. Seencontró que a mayor nivel de estudios menos ciberviolencia y, a mayor númerode parejas, mayor posibilidad de sufrir ciberviolencia. La escasa evidencia empíricaacerca de los factores relacionados con la ciberviolencia apunta a la importancia deseguir investigando más profundamente sobre variables individuales y familiares. (AU)


The aims of this research were to analyze the presence of cyberviolence inyoung couples, to explore the associations between cyberviolence, emotionaldependence, empathy, and filioparental relationships, and to identify predictors ofcyberviolence. For this purpose, a convenience sample consisting of 469 universitystudents was selected. They completed the following measures: The AdolescentSocial Network Partner Violence Scale, the Parental Bonding Instrument, the DatingEmotional Dependence in Youth and Adolescents, and the Basic Empathy Scale.51.9% of the sample admitted to having suffered cyber-violence, and 56.6%admitted to having perpetrated it. Boys scored higher than girls on cyberviolenceand cybervictimization. It was found that the higher the level of education, thelower level of cyberviolence and the higher the number of partners, the greater thepossibility of suffering cyberviolence. The scarce empirical evidence about thefactors related to cyberviolence points to the need of further research on individualand family variables. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Rede Social , Cyberbullying , Dependência Psicológica , Empatia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudantes
19.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 34(4): 621-630, Jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-211787

RESUMO

Background: Self-Compassion is crucial for assessing how people relate to their suffering in moments of personal difficulty. The objective of this study was to check the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in a Colombian sample. Method: The Spanish version of the SCS was adapted to the Colombian context via a content validity technique. This version was administered to 751 Colombians from the general community. Psychometric analysis was performed using R studio packages. Results: 7 models were tested, the best fit was found for the bifactor ESEM model (χ2/df = 0.86, CFI = 1, TLI= 1, RMSEA= 0.00, SRMR= 0.01). This model produced optimal reliability indices (ωh = 0.83, FD= 0.93, H= 0.96). Conclusions: The study produced initial psychometric evidence of the structure of the SCS in Colombia, with evidence of a general factor in the bifactor ESEM model. More research is needed to justify the complete usage of the SCS in the country.(AU)


Adaptación Colombiana de la Escala de Autocompasión (EAC). Antecedentes: La Autocompasión es un concepto clave para evaluar la forma en que las personas se relacionan con su sufrimiento en momentos de dificultad personal. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Autocompasión (EAC) en una muestra colombiana. Método: Se adaptó la versión en español de la SCS al contexto colombiano a través de una técnica de validez de contenido. Esta versión fue administrada a 751 colombianos de la comunidad en general. Los análisis psicométricos se realizaron usando diferentes paquetes de R Studio. Resultados: 7 modelos fueron probados, el que mejor ajustó fue el modelo bifactor ESEM (χ2/df = 0.86, CFI = 1, TLI= 1.00, RMSEA= 0.000, SRMR= 0.01). Este modelo obtuvo índices de confiabilidad adecuados (ωh = 0.83, FD= 0.93, H= 0.96). Conclusiones: Se logró obtener una evidencia psicométrica inicial de la estructura del EAC en Colombia, en la cual se obtuvieron pruebas de la existencia de un factor general en el modelo ESEM bifactorial. Es necesario hacer más investigación para justificar completamente el uso del SCS en el país.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Empatia , Psicometria , Inteligência Emocional , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia Social , Colômbia
20.
Metas enferm ; 25(4): 33-35, May 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206386

RESUMO

Uno de los momentos más difíciles a los que se pueden enfrentar las personas es a ver a un familiar enfermo. Cuando un paciente padece una enfermedad crónica o avanzada o simplemente comienza a pesarle el paso de los años depende, en gran medida, de un cuidador, de una persona que esté a su lado 24 horas al día y le ayude a mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta figura es, en muchas ocasiones, una de las grandes olvidadas, que de forma habitual suele ser de la propia familia, básicamente por una cuestión de confianza.(AU)


Assuntos
Cuidadores , Espanha , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Empatia
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