The Influence of Ideological and Political Education on Students' Self-Harvest in Physical Education Courses in Colleges / La influencia de la educación ideológica y política en la autocosecha de los estudiantes en los cursos de educación física en las universidades

To encourage physical education teachers to prioritise students' physical education as the central focus of interaction, foster a shift towards student-centred teaching, enhance enthusiasm for college physical education courses, and integrate moral education principles into the physical education curriculum. This study examined the impact of teacher-student interaction on students' self-cultivation in ideological and political education within the physical education curriculum at the college level through the construction of an equal education model. The data was entered into the system using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 26.0 statistical software to assess the reliability, validity, and research hypothesis of the model. The impact of physical exercise, personal exercise, sports organisations, sports events, and teacher consultation were found to be 0.944%, 0.93%, 0.897%, and 0.935%, respectively. Teacher-student interaction is crucial in physical education (PE) classes, particularly for sports education and promoting growth. The presence of sports facilities and equipment significantly influences teacher-student interaction. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the development of PE courses, improve the availability of physical education resources, update teaching approaches, implement innovative models of PE classes, and enhance students' sense of achievement to facilitate effective teacher-student interaction.(AU)

The Healthy Context Paradox: When Reducing Bullying comes at a Cost to Certain Victims

Bullying remains one of the most serious problems affecting school systems around the world. The negative consequences of bullying in the short and long term have been widely documented, showing that victimized students are at greater risk of suffering psychosocial distress. In this paper, we first summarize the current situation of bullying prevention, adopting a contextual perspective, and briefly highlighting the characteristics of the most effective prevention programs. Secondly, we address a disturbing phenomenon detected in classrooms where bullying has been reduced through interventions and which has been termed “the healthy context paradox”. In these healthier contexts, students who remain in a situation of victimization have been found to present poorer psychological adjustment after the intervention. Understanding the causes of this phenomenon may offer clues for the prevention of bullying. In this regard, we present three hypotheses recently proposed to explain the phenomenon. Finally, we offer some implications for the study and prevention of bullying derived from “the healthy context paradox”. (AU)

Percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo de los compañeros de trabajo en el lugar de trabajo: investigación cualitativa / Nurses’ perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research

Objetivo: Aunque los factores psicológicos del entorno laboral afectan la calidad del desempeño de los empleados más que los físicos, estos aún no han sido explicados ampliamente. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar las percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo del compañero de trabajo como recurso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo. Método: El presente estudio es una investigación cualitativa. Catorce enfermeras trabajadoras en hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Khoy, Irán, fueron seleccionadas según un muestreo intencional para la realización de entrevistas en profundidad no estructuradas. Todas las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas utilizando el enfoque de análisis de contenido convencional a través del método comparativo constante. Resultados: El análisis de datos reveló 4 temas principales con 11 subtemas. Los 4 temas principales incluyen «apoyo emocional», «relación de trabajo efectiva y colaboración», «relaciones sociales adecuadas» y «orientación y enseñanza». Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que las enfermeras tenían una percepción positiva del apoyo de sus colegas en el lugar de trabajo. El apoyo al compañero de trabajo es un fenómeno multidimensional y está influido por varios factores. Percibir el apoyo del colega y tener un sentido de apoyo puede promover la calidad de la atención y aumentar el manejo de situaciones estresantes en enfermería. Por lo tanto, se recomienda enseñar habilidades de comunicación y flexibilidad tanto al personal como a las personas gestoras.(AU)

Objective: Although the psychological factors of the work environment affect the quality of employees’ performance more than physical factors, they have not been broadly explained yet. This study is conducted to explore nurses’ perceptions of the co-worker support as psychological resource in the workplace. Method: The present study is a qualitative research. Fourteen staff nurses who were working in hospitals affiliated to the Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Iran were selected based on purposeful sampling and interviewed using un-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach through constant comparative method. Results: Data analysis revealed four major themes with 11 sub themes. The four major themes include ‘emotional support’, ‘effective working relationship and collaboration’, ‘suitable social relationships’, and ‘guidance and teaching’. Conclusion: The results showed that, nurses had a positive perception of their colleagues’ support in the workplace. Co-worker support is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. Perceiving support from the colleague and having a sense of support can promote the quality of care and increase dealing with stressful situations in nursing. Therefore, communication and flexibility skills should be taught to both staff and managers in this regard.(AU)

Measuring implicit attractiveness bias in the context of innocence and guilt evaluations

Previous research on mock-jury trials has shown an explicit attractiveness bias in participant attributes of innocence. This study used the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to measure attractiveness-bias in implicit evaluations of innocence or guilt with a sample of 46 college students. Alternate IRAP trial-blocks required participants to affirm relations consistent and inconsistent with attractiveness bias (attractive-innocent/unattractive guilty versus unattractive-innocent/ attractive-guilty). Faster responding across consistent trial-blocks was interpreted in terms of implicit stereotype. Participants' beliefs about the importance of their own appearances were examined using the Beliefs about Appearances Scale (BAAS) and explicit attractiveness ratings for the IRAP photographic stimuli were measured using Likert scales; analysis examined relationships between these beliefs and IRAP scores. Results revealed statistically significant attractiveness bias for both male and female participants; specifically, both a pro-attractiveness and anti-unattractive bias. Findings are discussed regarding research in implicit evaluations of innocence or guilt and effects of attractiveness bias

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¿Cuántos créditos te convalidan por ser influencer? / No disponible

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Análisis de la comunicación en redes sociales de la campaña de la vacuna de gripe en España / Analysis of communication in social networks of the influenza vaccine campaign in Spain

OBJETIVO: Tras la aparición y difusión de los grupos anti-vacunas, se hace necesario realizar campañas de comunicación orientadas a la ciudadanía sobre los beneficios de la vacunación, y las redes sociales son una buena vía para alcanzar a una gran cantidad de población. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la comunicación en la red social Twitter durante la campaña de la vacuna de la gripe en el año 2018. METODOS: Se emplearon métodos de big data para recoger la totalidad de tuits sobre la vacuna de la gripe del 23 de octubre al 15 de diciembre de 2018. Se determinaron por análisis de cluster y los cálculos del eigenvector y pagerank quiénes fueron los usuarios o influencers más importantes durante la campaña. RESULTADOS: Se recogieron un total de 9.147 tuits, de los cuales el 71,94% fueron retuits (RT) o reenvíos de lo que escriben otros usuarios. Diez grupos generaron el 69,92% del tráfico de los mensajes sobre vacunas. La emoción principal vertida en los mensajes sobre vacunas fue el miedo a las consecuencias si la gente no se vacunara. CONCLUSIONES: Se determina que la información sobre la campaña es favorable a la vacunación pero está dirigida principalmente por (supuestamente) médicos, enfermeras o enfermos anónimos que tuitean y son muy seguidos por multitud de usuarios. Las campañas oficiales e institucionales, siendo algunas de ellas redifundidas de forma posiblemente organizada, quedan muy relegadas del seguimiento de la sociedad en las redes

OBJECTIVE: After arising of anti-vaccine groups and their dissemination, it is necessary to carry out communication campaigns on the benefits of vaccination aimed at citizens, and social networks are a good way to reach a large population. The objective of this article is to determine the communication on Twitter social network during the influenza vaccine campaign in 2018 in Spain. METHODS: Big data methods were used to collect all tweets about the influenza vaccine during October 23 to December 15. They were determined by cluster analysis, eigenvector and pagerank calculations to determinate who were the most important influencers during the campaign. RESULTS: A total of 9,147 tweets were collected, of which 71.94% were retweets (RT). Ten groups generated 69.92% of the message traffic on vaccines. The main emotion expressed in the messages about vaccines is the fear of consequences if people do not get vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that the information on the campaign is favorable to vaccination but is mainly directed by (supposedly) doctors, nurses or anonymous patients who tweet and are followed by many users. The official and institutional campaigns, some of which are re-disseminated in a possibly organized way, are very neglected in the monitoring of society in the networks

Contribution of the five factors of personality and peers on adolescent alcohol use: a cross-national study

Personality characteristics such as extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness are relevant for alcohol use during adolescence. In addition, having friends who use alcohol is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent alcohol consumption and its negative outcomes. The selection model posits that friends display similar alcohol consumption when their friendships are formed on the basis of common characteristics as, among others, personality. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the mediation role of peers in the association between the five-factor model of personality and adolescent alcohol use in two cultures. One hundred and twenty Scottish and 221 Spanish respondents, all aged 12-15 years, answered the Alcohol Intake Scale (AIS). Adolescents were asked about the alcohol used at the weekend and also about the alcohol consumed by their friends. Scottish adolescents' personality was measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3). The Junior Spanish version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (JS NEO) was used to assess personality in the Spanish sample. Low agreeableness and low conscientiousness correlated with own alcohol quantity in both countries. We performed an independent structural equation modeling for each country. Extraversion (β = .205, p < .05) and low agreeableness (β = -.196, p < .01) for Scottish adolescents, and low conscientiousness (β = -.175, p < .05) for Spanish youths, predicted alcohol use through peer alcohol consumption at weekends. These findings support the relevance of personality traits and peer affiliation in relation to alcohol consumption in adolescence

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Beneficios, barreras y apoyo social para el ejercicio: diferencias por grado escolar / Vantagens, barreiras e apoio social para o exercício: diferenças por grade / Benefits, barriers and social support for exercise: differences by degree

Durante la adolescencia tardía y juventud, el ejercicio físico (EF) podría apoyar la formación de una personalidad estable. Sin embargo, se ha reportado un declive del 7% anual en la práctica de EF para chicos y chicas, que comienza en la niñez y continua a través de la adolescencia y juventud. El estudio examinó las diferencias según grado de escolaridad entre los beneficios, barreras y apoyo social para el ejercicio en universitarios. Basado en el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud de Pender. Diseño descriptivo comparativo. Una muestra de 928 jóvenes de 15 a 26 años estratificados por dependencia universitaria. El promedio de años de educación fue mayor (t = -3.28, gl = 926; p =.001) entre los que reportaron no practicar ejercicio. Se encontraron diferencias entre las muestras por grado de escolaridad para las variables de beneficios (z = -4.955, p <.05) y barreras (z = -2.388, p <.05). El análisis de los ítems de las escalas arrojó que existen diferencias significativas por grado de escolaridad entre los beneficios autónomos (z = - .960, p > .05) y respecto a barreras, para la opción de «no querer hacerlo» (z = -2.498, p < .05) y para «no tener ropa o zapatos adecuados» (z = -1.978, p < .05). Los resultados del estudio permiten concluir que la mayoría de los jóvenes que estudian no realizan EF, y a mayor escolaridad los jóvenes reportan menor EF. Los jóvenes de facultad perciben más beneficios e influencia de amigos, pero también más barreras hacia la práctica de EF (AU)

During late adolescence and youth, physical exercise (PE) could support the formation of a stable personality. However, it has reported a 7% annual decline in the practice of PE for boys and girls, beginning in childhood and continuing through adolescence and youth. The study examined differences by level of education among the benefits, barriers and social support for exercise in university. Based on the Health Promotion Model of Pender. Descriptive comparative design. A sample of 928 young people aged 15 to 26 years stratified by university level. The average years of education was higher among those who reported no exercise practice (t = -3.28, p = .001). Differences between education level were found for exercise benefits (z = 4.955, p <.05) and exercise barriers (z = -2.388, p < .05). The analysis of the items on the scales showed significant differences by level of education among autonomous benefits (z = -. 960, p > .05) regarding barriers to the option «not wanting to do» (z = 2498, p < 0.05) and for «not having adequate clothing or shoes» (z = 1,978, p < .05). The study results allow us to conclude that most young people who study not perform PE and more scholarship youth report lower PE. The young college perceives more benefits and influence of friends but also more barriers to the practice of PE (AU)

Durante o final da adolescência e juventude, o exercício físico (EF) podería apoiar a formação de uma personalidade estável. No entanto, tem sido relatado um declínio anual de 7% na prática de EF para meninos e meninas, começando na infância e continuando até a adolescência e juventude. O estudo examinou diferenças por nível de educação entre os benefícios, barreiras e apoio social para o exercício na faculdade. Com base no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde Pender. Descritivo comparativo. Uma amostra de 928 jovens de 15 e 26 anos estratificada por unidade universitária. A média de anos de escolaridade foi maior (t = -3,28, gl = 926, p = 0,001) entre aqueles que relataram não se exercitar. As diferenças entre as amostras do nível de educação para as variáveis de benefícios (z = -4,955, p <0,05) e barreiras (z = -2,388, p <0,05) foram encontradas. A análise dos itens das escalas mostraram que existem diferenças significativas, por nível de escolaridade entre os benefícios autônomos (z = -0,960, p > 0,05) e sobre barreiras para a opção «não quero fazer isso» (z = -2,498, p <0,05) e «não há roupas ou calçado certo» (z = -1,978, p <0,05). Os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que a maioria dos jovens que estudam não realizam EF, e com mais educação os jóvens relatam menos EF. Os jóvens estudantes da faculdade percebem mais benefícios e influência de amigos, mas também mais barreiras para a prática de EF (AU)

Influence on the choice of transportation mode of travel time variability, personal benefits, and environmental damage from cars versus public transportation / Influencia en la elección de modo de transporte de la información sobre variabilidad en el tiempo del viaje, beneficios personales y daño ambiental del coche vs. transporte público

The influence of information about travel time variability, personal benefits, or environmental damage from cars or public transportation on commuting mode choice (car or subway) is examined in an experimental study. In addition to these experimentally manipulated variables, the influence of prior attitudes towards the subway was verified. The sample is made up of habitual users of the car to travel to work (N = 220, age M = 37.4, SD = 8.1, 63.2% women). The results show that providing information about the advantages of public transportation, as well as prior attitudes towards the subway, decrease the preference, choice and perceived control of car use. Of the experimentally manipulated variables, information about the variability of travel time had the greatest influence. These results highlight the importance of taking into account these variables to implement institutional campaigns to reduce car use as transport model

En un estudio experimental, se examina la influencia en la elección de modo de transporte, para desplazarse al lugar de trabajo, de la información sobre la variabilidad del tiempo del trayecto, los beneficios personales o los daños ambientales de utilizar coche o transporte público. Además de estas variables, manipuladas experimentalmente, se ha comprobado la influencia de las actitudes previas hacia el metro. La muestra está compuesta por usuarios habituales de coche para ir al trabajo (N = 220, edad M = 37.4, DT = 8.1, 63.2% mujeres). Los resultados muestran que proporcionar información sobre las ventajas del transporte público, así como las actitudes previas hacia el metro, disminuyen la preferencia, la elección y la percepción de control del uso del coche. De las variables manipuladas experimentalmente, la información sobre la variabilidad del tiempo del trayecto es la que más influye. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de tener en cuenta estas variables al implantar campañas institucionales para disminuir el uso del coche como modo de transporte para ir al trabajo

Las influencias interpersonales en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria / The interpersonal influences in women with urinary incontinence

OBJETIVO: Describir las influencias interpersonales que presentan las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria (IU). METODOLOGÍA: La perspectiva teórico-metodológica utilizada ha sido la cualitativa fenomenológica, con la participación de 34 mujeres de la provincia de Barcelona. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas en profundidad y la técnica del grupo focal. La selección de la muestra fue intencional o de conveniencia, y el análisis categorial temático se realizó a partir de las transcripciones de los discursos de las participantes. RESULTADOS: Las influencias interpersonales más significativas para las participantes fueron las mujeres de su familia, las amigas y los profesionales de la salud. Dicha influencia ha sido mayoritariamente negativa y las involucró poco o nada en conductas promotoras de la salud en la resolución de su IU. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de las influencias interpersonales descritas en el estudio son fruto de las creencias derivadas de los estereotipos de género, que se transmiten en el proceso de socialización y que condicionan la percepción de la IU como una enfermedad tratable

OBJECTIVE: Describe the interpersonal influences that present women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: The theoretical-methodological approach used was qualitative phenomenological, involving 34 women in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group technique. The sample selection was intentional or convenience categorical, and thematic analysis was conducted from the transcripts of the speeches of the participants. RESULTS: The most significant interpersonal influences for participants are the women of his family, friends and health professionals. This influence is mostly negative and involves little or no health-promoting behaviors was solving its UI. CONCLUSIONS: Most of interpersonal influences described are the result of beliefs derived from gender stereotypes that are transmitted in the socialization process and shape perceptions of the UI as a treatable disease