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1.
Span. j. psychol ; 26: e9, March-April 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219605

RESUMO

In recent years, researchers have begun to study the social consequences of conspiracy beliefs. However, little research has investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on interpersonal relationships. In this review, we draw attention to this issue by summarizing available empirical evidence and proposing potential social-psychological mechanisms to explain whether and why conspiracy theories affect interpersonal relationships. We firstly discuss that the attitude change that often accompanies the internalization of conspiracy beliefs might distance people’s opinions and, consequently, erode their relationships. Furthermore, we argue that the stigmatizing value of conspiracy theories can negatively affect the evaluation of conspiracy believers and discourage others from getting close to them. Finally, we consider that the misperception of social norms associated with the acceptance of certain conspiracy narratives can lead conspiracy believers to engage in non-normative behavior. Others are likely to perceive such behavior negatively, resulting in diminished interpersonal interaction. We highlight the need for further research to address these issues, as well as the potential factors that may prevent relationships being eroded by conspiracy beliefs. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Normas Sociais , Estereotipagem , Dissidências e Disputas , Atitude
2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 34(2): 266-274, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204114

RESUMO

Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) have been shown tobe useful for reducing excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. However, research on the explanatory factors of PBS is limited. This paperprospectively examines the contribution of perceived efficacy of PBS inreducing alcohol-related consequences and perceived descriptive normsof close peers ́ PBS use in young adults. The mediating role of perceivedefficacy of PBS between descriptive norms of PBS use and personal PBS use is also examined. Method: Targeted sampling was used to recruit acommunity-based sample of 339 young Spanish adults aged 18-25 years,who completed baseline and two-month follow-up questionnaires. Threetypes of PBS (serious harm reduction-SHR, manner of drinking-MOD, andstopping/limiting drinking-SLD) were measured. Results: Both perceivedefficacy and descriptive norms at baseline were positively associated withpersonal PBS use (SHR, MOD and SLD) at follow-up. A partial mediationeffect of perceived efficacy between descriptive norms and personal PBS use was found for the three PBS subscales.Conclusions: Our findingssupport the usefulness of correcting misperceptions of PBS use by peersin interventions aimed at reducing excessive drinking and alcohol-relatedconsequences in young adults in the community. Moreover, PBS perceivedefficacy should be included as a component of these interventions.


Antecedentes: las estrategias conductuales de protección (ECP)han mostrado utilidad para reducir el consumo excesivo de alcohol y sus problemas asociados, aunque la investigación sobre sus factores explicativos es escasa. Este trabajo examina la contribución de la eficacia percibida delas ECP para reducir las consecuencias negativas del alcohol, y la norma descriptiva percibida del uso de PBS de los iguales, en adultos jóvenes. Además, analiza el papel mediador de la eficacia percibida entre norma descriptiva y ECP. Método: mediante muestreo dirigido a poblacionesdiana, 339 jóvenes españoles (18-25 años) comunitarios cumplimentaron cuestionarios basal y de seguimiento (dos meses), midiéndose tres tipos deECP (reducción de daños-RR, forma de beber-FB, parar/limitar el consumo-PLC). Resultados: eficacia y norma se asociaron positivamente con el uso deECP (RR/FB/PLC) en el seguimiento. Para los tres tipos de ECP se detectóun efecto de mediación parcial de la eficacia percibida entre la norma y el usode ECP. Conclusiones: corregir percepciones erróneas del uso de ECP de losiguales puede ser útil en las intervenciones dirigidas a reducir el uso excesivode alcohol y sus consecuencias en adultos jóvenes comunitarios, al igual quela inclusión de la eficacia percibida como uno de sus componentes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Espanha , Normas Sociais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Etanol , Comportamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Transversais , Psicologia , Amostragem
3.
An. psicol ; 36(2): 330-339, mayo 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192070

RESUMO

En la actualidad, la corrupción constituye uno de los principales problemas psicológicos, sociales, económicos y políticos a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las variables psicológicas asociadas a la corrupción a través de una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones entre 2008 y 2018. Tras realizar una búsqueda en las bases de datos Psycinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo y Dialnet, se encontraron 44 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de selección propuestos. Los grandes núcleos encontrados fueron la ética organizacional, creencias y valores culturales, moral y normas percibidas, y personalidad y variables relacionadas. En general, los resultados apuntan a que variables organizacionales como la percepción de la conducta de sus dirigentes o las estrategias de justificación están relacionadas con la corrupción. Valores culturales meritocráticos y materialistas también han sido ligados a la conducta corrupta, como ocurre en el caso de la percepción de un entorno corrupto y de las normas sociales. En cuanto a la personalidad, rasgos como el narcisismo y la psicopatía se encuentran íntimamente ligados a este fenómeno. Por otra parte, variables como la percepción del poder o el sexo de los participantes han recibido un sustento empírico ambiguo


Nowadays, corruption is one of the most important psychological, social, economic and political issues worldwide. The present paper aims to analyse psychological variables related to corruption through a systematic review of publications from 2008 to 2018. After carrying out a bibliographic search in scientific databases such as Psycinfo, Web of Science and Dialnet, 41 papers were found to match selection criteria. Core topics haven been organizational ethics, cultural beliefs and values, perceived norms and moral, and personality and related variables. Overall, results have shown that organizational variables such as leaders' behaviour and justification strategies are linked to corruption. Meritocratic and materialist values have also been linked to corrupt behaviour, just like perceiving a corrupt environment and social norms. In regard to personality, features such as narcissism and psychopathy are deeply connected with this phenomenon. On the other side, perception of power and gender have a mixed empirical support


Assuntos
Humanos , Corrupção/psicologia , Valores Sociais , Normas Sociais , Ética Institucional , Religião , Bases de Dados como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Moral
4.
Pap. psicol ; 40(3): 182-189, sept.-dic. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186992

RESUMO

En los últimos años el uso de información normativa-normas sociales para la promoción de la conducta proambiental ha recibido una atención notable, mostrando un gran potencial para la intervención psicosocial. Este artículo pretende transferir y hacer accesible los principales resultados de los estudios sobre información normativa para incentivar el desarrollo de programas de intervención de carácter medioambiental. Se revisan los conceptos de normas sociales descriptivas y prescriptivas, así como las principales recomendaciones para su uso adecuado en aplicaciones prácticas. Se atiende también a factores que afectan la efectividad de las normas sociales en la promoción de la conducta proambiental: uso de retroalimentación conductual, carácter dinámico de la norma, identidad social e implicación personal. Las normas sociales suponen una importante aportación de la psicología ambiental para la intervención en la problemática ambiental


In recent years, the use of normative information-social norms for promoting pro-environmental behaviour- has received remarkable attention, showing great potential for psychosocial interventions. This paper makes research on normative information accessible with the aim of translating it into pro-environmental programs and public policy. The concepts of descriptive and prescriptive social norms are reviewed, as well as the main recommendations for their effective use in applied contexts. Some factors found relevant for effective normative interventions on pro-environmental behavior are discussed: the use of behavioral feedback, the dynamic character of the norms, and personal involvement. Social norms represent an important contribution of environmental psychology to the intervention on environmental problems


Assuntos
Humanos , Meio Ambiente , Comportamento Social , Normas Sociais , Psicologia Ambiental/normas , Retroalimentação Psicológica , Política Pública
5.
Index enferm ; 28(4): 199-203, oct.-dic. 2019. graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192681

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir la teoría de rango medio (TRM) "Riesgo ecológico para desarrollar Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2". METODOLOGÍA: Se aplicó la estrategia "derivación teórica" por Walker y Avant a partir del Modelo Ecológico para la Promoción de la Salud. RESULTADOS: La teoría explica los factores individuales y del entorno involucrados en el riesgo de desarrollar Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2). CONCLUSIÓN: Existen en la literatura factores más allá del ámbito individual que influyen en las conductas de riesgo para desarrollar DMT2. Estos factores se pueden estructurar por medio del desarrollo de una TRM para facilitar la comprensión teórica del fenómeno. En este caso, la TRM se derivó del Modelo Ecológico para la Promoción de la Salud y permitió abordar el riesgo de desarrollar DMT2 desde una perspectiva ecológica


AIM: To describe the theory of mid-range (TRM) "Ecological risk to develop Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". METHODOLOGY: The "theoretical derivation" strategy proposed by Walker y Avant was applied starting from the Ecological Model for the Promotion of Health. RESULTS: The theory explains the individual and environmental factors involved in the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2). CONCLUSION: There are factors in the literature beyond the individual scope that influence risk behaviors to develop DMT2. These factors can be structured through the development of a TRM to facilitate the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. In this case, the TRM was derived from the Ecological Model for Health Promotion and allowed addressing the risk of developing DMT2 from an ecological perspective


Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/enfermagem , Percepção Social , Modelos de Enfermagem , Autocuidado , Normas Sociais , Modelos Teóricos , Doença Crônica/enfermagem , Gerenciamento Clínico , Promoção da Saúde , Assunção de Riscos
6.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 31(4): 465-474, nov. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-192258

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) is one of the most widely-used scales for evaluating the Sexual Double Standard (SDS) and the Spanish version of the scale displays adequate psychometric properties in the adult Spanish population. The aim of this study is to examine the factorial invariance and differential item functioning (DIF) of the Spanish version according to sex, education level, and age, with the objective of describing and comparing SDS based on these variables. METHOD: A sample of 3,838 heterosexual participants was used (1,908 men and 1,930 women) between the ages of 18 and 90. RESULTS: The results showed that the factorial structure of the SDSS is invariant in terms of sex and education level; with none of these items displaying DIF. Only items 11 and 14 display DIF in terms of age and, therefore, it is recommended that these items be excluded when making comparisons between age ranges. The association of SDSS with sex, education level, and age follows the expected results. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the SDSS is invariant and, as a consequence, can be used in different types of samples


ANTECEDENTES: la Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) es una de las escalas más empleadas para evaluar el doble estándar sexual (DES) y la versión española presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en población adulta. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar la invarianza factorial y el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (DIF) de la versión en español según sexo, nivel de estudios y edad, con la finalidad de describir y comparar el DES en función de estas variables. MÉTODO: se empleó una muestra de 3.838 heterosexuales (1.908 hombres y 1.930 mujeres) entre 18 y 90 años de edad. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos muestran que la estructura factorial de la SDSS es invariante por sexo y nivel educativo, no presentando DIF ninguno de sus ítems. Solo los ítems 11 y 14 presentan DIF en función de la edad, por lo que se recomienda su eliminación en el caso de hacer comparaciones entre grupos etarios. La asociación del SDSS con el sexo, nivel de estudios y edad sigue los resultados esperados. CONCLUSIONES: la versión española de la SDSS es invariante, por lo que se puede emplear en diferentes tipos de muestra


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idioma , Autonomia Pessoal , Comportamento Sexual , Normas Sociais , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Heterossexualidade , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 18(3): 273-287, oct. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-174405

RESUMO

Empirical research on pliance, a functional class of rule-governed behavior, has been scarce in children. This study aims to develop a children version of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ), a self-report developed for adults that has shown excellent psychometric properties, a one-factor structure, and criterion validity. In so doing, we adapted the vocabulary of some the GPQ items and eliminated the items with content typical of adult life. Afterwards, the GPQ for children (i.e., GPQ-C) was administered to a sample of 797 Colombian children from 8 to 13 years. All items of the GPQ-C showed good discrimination indexes and the whole questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency. A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the questionnaire. The analysis showed that a one-factor structure showed a good fit to the data. The GPQ-C showed measurement invariance across gender and age group. Girls obtained higher scores than boys on the GPQ-C. Also, the GPQ-C scores seemed to decrease with age. The GPQ-C strongly correlated with measures of psychological inflexibility, repetitive negative thinking, pathological worry, and emotional symptoms. In conclusion, the GPQ-C seems to be a valid and reliable measure of generalized pliance for children


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Desejabilidade Social , Psicometria/instrumentação , Autoimagem , Autonomia Pessoal , Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Normas Sociais
9.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (225): 27-37, jul.-sept. 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158262

RESUMO

Tras una breve pincelada histórica sobre el concepto del inconsciente desde el punto de vista del psicoanálisis, realizamos una revisión del concepto del inconsciente social desde la perspectiva del grupo análisis, desde Foulkes hasta los autores contemporáneos. Tratamos de responder una serie de preguntas: ¿Qué entendemos por inconsciente social?, ¿cómo se ha pasado del inconsciente Freudiano al inconsciente social?, ¿cómo quedan registrados los aspectos socio-culturales en el inconsciente? y ¿cómo se puede acceder al inconsciente social desde la práctica clínica?


After a brief touch of history on the concept of the unconscious from the point of view of psychoanalysis, we review the concept of the social unconscious from the perspective of the group analysis, from Foulkes to the contemporary authors. We try to answer a series of questions: What do we understand by social unconscious?, how it has gone from the Freudian unconscious to the social unconscious?, how remain registered socio-cultural issues in the unconscious? and how can one access to the social unconscious from clinical work?


Assuntos
Humanos , Inconsciente Psicológico , Interpretação Psicanalítica , Teoria Freudiana , Conformidade Social , Normas Sociais , Repressão Psicológica , Comportamento de Massa , Poder Psicológico
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