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1.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 38(1): [100226], Jan.-Mar. 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229235

RESUMO

Background and objectives This study explored the correlation between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and family functioning among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with mood disorders. Methods A total of 142 participants were clinically assessed for NSSI, with 85 in the NSSI group and 57 in the non-NSSI group. The correlation between NSSI and family functioning was compared and a regression prediction model was constructed to determine the risk probability of NSSI. Results A significant association was found between family functioning and NSSI (P = 0.017). The correlation between adolescents with NSSI and gender, communication, affective responsiveness, and behaviour control was statistically significant. A nomogram graph and ROC curve were constructed, with an AUC of 0.772. Conclusion The findings support the notion that family functioning is associated with a higher risk for NSSI among adolescents with mood disorders. Furthermore, gender, communication, affective responsiveness, and behaviour control may be contributing factors. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal , Características da Família , Conflito Familiar , China
2.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 37(4): [100219], October–December 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227337

RESUMO

Background and Objective Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is under-investigated in First Episode Psychosis (FEP). BPD psychotic manifestations and mood changes are also difficult to differentiate from first episode affective psychosis. The aim of this study was to compare sociodemographic and clinical features between FEP patients with BPD vs. Bipolar Disorder (BD) or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) both at baseline and across a 2-year follow-up period. Methods 224 FEP participants (49 with BPD, 93 with BD and 82 with MDD) completed the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Psychiatric diagnosis was reformulated at the end of our follow-up. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis or the Chi-square test. A mixed-design ANOVA model was also performed to assess the temporal stability of clinical scores within and between the 3 subgroups. Results Compared to FEP/BD subjects at baseline, FEP/BPD patients showed higher depressive symptom severity and lower excitement severity. Compared to FEP/MDD at entry, they had a higher prevalence rate of substance abuse, a lower interpersonal impairment and a shorter DUP. Finally, they had a lower treatment response on HoNOS “Psychiatric Symptoms” subscale scores across the follow-up in comparison with both FEP/BD and FEP/MDD individuals. Conclusion BPD as categorical entity represents a FEP subgroup with specific clinical features and treatment response. Appropriate treatment guidelines for this FEP subgroup are thus needed. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/terapia , Transtornos Psicóticos/prevenção & controle , Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal
3.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 32(4): 81-93, Oct 15, 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228854

RESUMO

Seasonal affective disorder is a depressive affective psychiatric disorder that recurs at the same time of the year and seriously impacts people's daily work and life. The university stage is an important period for individuals to transition to social life, in which they are more vulnerable to negative life events such as academic performance pressure, interpersonal discomfort, and employment problems. Hence, the incidence of depression among university football players is at a high level. As an important timing factor, ambient light has a wide range of effects on various physiological and psychological functions, and its non-visual effects on mood have attracted particular attention from researchers. The illuminance, color temperature and wavelength of ambient light are important physical factors influencing mood. Abnormal light patterns such as short photoperiods, artificial light at night, and continuous light can lead to mood disorders. Light duration, time point, individual characteristics, subjective preferences, and genotype also modulate the mood effects of light. On the one hand, light signals are projected by intrinsic light-sensitive ganglion cells in the retina to brain regions involved in emotion regulation to directly influence mood. On the other hand, light signals indirectly influence mood by synchronizing internal physiological rhythms and their regulated hormone secretion, neurotransmission and sleep. The proposed method uses heart rate, exercise behavior, environment, and textual information from social platforms as raw data for mental health analysis; feature extraction of various types of information by convolutional neural network in artificial intelligence; and random forest algorithm as a classifier to determine the factors influencing seasonal affective disorder in college football players. The test and data analysis results show that the scheme described in the paper has a high recognition accuracy, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the scheme.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atletas/psicologia , Desempenho Atlético , Futebol/psicologia , Fototerapia/métodos , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal , Estudantes/psicologia , Psicologia do Esporte , Esportes/psicologia , Medicina Esportiva , Saúde Mental , Meio Ambiente
5.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 35(126): 367-380, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135893

RESUMO

El Trastorno Afectivo Estacional es una patología frecuente en la práctica clínica habitual, cuya prevalencia se halla entre el 1 y el 10% de la población. Se define como la presencia de episodios depresivos mayores recurrentes en una época determinada del año con remisión total posterior cuando es superada dicha estación. En su fisiopatología están implicados diferentes mecanismos tales como: la alteración del ritmo circadiano, la sensibilidad retiniana a la luz, el metabolismo anormal de la melatonina y la disminución de la secreción de neurotransmisores, sobre todo de la serotonina. El tratamiento se basa en la fototerapia o farmacoterapia, optando por uno u otro según las características clínicas del paciente. El objetivo de este artículo, es hacer una revisión clínica sobre dicho trastorno para su mejor reconocimiento y manejo (AU)


Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a common condition in clinical practice, the prevalence is 1 to 10% of the population. SAD is defined as the presence of recurrent major depressive episodes at a particular time of the year with total remission when that season has passed. Different mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology such as alteration of the circadian rhythm, changes in retinal sensitivity to light, abnormal metabolism of melatonin and decreased secretion of neurotransmitters, especially serotonin. The treatment is based on phototherapy or pharmacotherapy, selection depending on the characteristics of the patient. The aim of this article is to review on this disorder clinic for better recognition and management (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Clima , Psicoterapia , Fototerapia , Tratamento Farmacológico
6.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 25(2): 252-257, abr.-jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-112238

RESUMO

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the MOOD Questionnaire in child population. This instrument was developed to cover the existing gap in the evaluation of mood in children. Method: The MOOD was administered to 1489 children (mean age= 9.11 years old). Results: The psychometric properties of the Mood questionnaire are adequate. Moreover, the questionnaire was associated with somatic complaints and emotional awareness. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the use of this diagnostic tool with Spanish children seems justified (AU)


Antecedentes: en este estudio se analizan las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Estados de Ánimo (MOOD) en población infantil española. Este instrumento fue desarrollado para cubrir el vacío existente en la evaluación de los estados de ánimo en niños. Método: el MOOD fue administrado a una muestra de 1.489 niños (edad media= 9,11 años). Resultados: las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario resultaron adecuadas, observándose la relación de los estados de ánimo con la competencia emocional y las quejas somáticas. Conclusiones: en base a los resultados obtenidos, el uso de esta herramienta diagnóstica con niños españoles parece justificado (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/prevenção & controle , Afeto/fisiologia , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/tendências , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria/organização & administração , Estudos Longitudinais/métodos
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 15(57): 89e41-89e55, ene.-mar. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-111135

RESUMO

El pediatra de Atención Primaria tiene que conocer los aspectos básicos del desarrollo psicoafectivo y cognitivo del niño, tanto para realizar una exploración de su salud mental como para proporcionar una intervención adecuada. En este artículo se abordan los aspectos más básicos del desarrollo emocional y cognitivo del niño. Para entender su desarrollo, hay que tener en cuenta la interdependencia entre el desarrollo afectivo, cognitivo y motor, y considerar al ser humano de forma integral, como una unidad biopsicosocial (AU)


The primary care pediatrician must know the basics of psycho-affective and cognitive development of the child, in order to perform a scan of his mental health or to provide appropriate intervention. This article addresses the most basic aspects of emotional and cognitive development of the child. To understand their development, we must take into account the interdependence between the affective, cognitive and motor development, and considering the human being comprehensively, as a bio-psychosocial unit (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Saúde Mental/educação , Saúde Mental/normas , Saúde Mental/tendências , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Ciência Cognitiva/educação , Ciência Cognitiva/métodos , Apego ao Objeto , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/prevenção & controle , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos
8.
Rev. esp. med. legal ; 38(4): 155-160, oct.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107924

RESUMO

Valoración del riesgo autolítico. Existen numerosas guías clínicas que especifican las variables que deben registrarse en los informes clínicos para evaluar el riesgo autolítico. Sin embargo, estas recomendaciones no siempre se siguen. Repercusiones médico-legales. La evaluación del riesgo autolítico da lugar a frecuentes demandas de responsabilidad profesional. No obstante, en las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo son escasas las condenas tanto en el campo penal como en el civil. Conclusiones. En el informe clínico de una tentativa de suicidio, se recomienda una evaluación clínica completa, conforme a la lex artis. Además, emplear protocolos y escalas clínicas puede tener valor legal y puede ser muy útil para mejorar la forma en que se documente la información, así como aumentar la exhaustividad de la evaluación clínica. Con independencia de los instrumentos utilizados para la evaluación, siempre debe dejarse constancia en la historia clínica de los resultados de dicha evaluación(AU)


Self-harm risk assessment. Numerous clinical guidelines specify the variables that must be recorded in the clinical reports to assess the risk of self-harm. However, these recommendations are not always implemented. Medical and legal implications. This assessment involves frequent professional liability claims. However, with regard to Supreme Court judgments, convictions are rare in both criminal and civil law. Conclusions. When compiling a clinical report of a suicide attempt, we recommend a complete clinical evaluation according to the lex artis. In addition, following protocols and clinical scales can have legal value and be very useful to improve the way information is documented, as well as improve the completeness of the clinical evaluation. Regardless of the tools used for assessment, results should always be recorded in the medical record(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Assunção de Riscos , Grupos de Risco , Tentativa de Suicídio/legislação & jurisprudência , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Medicina Preventiva/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina Preventiva/métodos , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/prevenção & controle , Medicina Legal/métodos , Medicina Legal/tendências , Intervenção na Crise/legislação & jurisprudência , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/prevenção & controle
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 24(4): 668-673, oct.-dic. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105626

RESUMO

El inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la medida de la depresión en dolor crónico. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen la estructura y adecuación del uso del BDI en estos pacientes. En este trabajo se han realizado análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de los resultados del BDI en una muestra de 300 pacientes de fibromialgia. La estructura factorial exploratoria del BDI plantea tres factores que incluyen los síntomas cognitivos, afectivos y somáticos. Los análisis de ecuaciones estructurales realizados para confirmar el ajuste de os datos de esta muestra a los modelos recogidos en la literatura para el dolor crónico no han resultado significativos. Estos resultados parecen señalar que existen diferencias entre las manifestaciones depresivas de este tipo de pacientes y los de dolor crónico. Además, la peculiar estructura del BDI en esta muestra de pacientes parece indicar un solapamiento entre algunos síntomas depresivos y los síntomas de fibromialgia, que podría conducir a una sobreestimación de la ocurrencia de depresión, cuando ésta se mide con el BDI, sesgo que debería ser valorado y modificado (AU)


The Beck Depression inventory is a widely used instrument for the measurement of depression in chronic pain. However, there are no studies that analyze the structure and adequacy of the use of the BDI in these patients. In this work, we have carried out exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the results of the BDI in a sample of 300 patients with fibromyalgia. The factor structure of the exploratory BDI yields three factors that include cognitive, emotional and somatic symptoms. The structural equation analyses carried out to confirm the fit of the data in this sample with the models of chronic pain presented in the literature were not significant. These results indicate that there are differences between the depressive manifestations of this type of patients and those with chronic pain. In addition, the peculiar structure of the BDI in this sample of patients seems to indicate an overlap between some depressive symptoms and the symptoms of fibromyalgia, which could lead to an overestimation of the occurrence of depression when measured with the BDI, a bias that should be assessed and modified (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Censos/métodos , Fibromialgia/psicologia , Dor/psicologia , Dor Crônica/psicologia , Dor Crônica/terapia , Depressão/psicologia , Afeto/fisiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
10.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 5(2): 89-97, abr.-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100429

RESUMO

El trastorno bipolar (TBP) es una de las causas más importantes de discapacidad en el mundo. Estudios epidemiológicos sugieren que este trastorno podría estar infradiagnosticado debido a la dificultad de detección de episodios de hipomanía. La detección de episodios de hipomanía, tanto actuales como pasados, permitiría el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados de este trastorno. La Lista de Valoración de Hipomanía (HCL-32) es un cuestionario validado al español diseñado para la detección de episodios de hipomanía, pasados y presentes. Se seleccionan 128 sujetos mayores de 18 años diagnosticados de trastorno bipolar tipo i (TBP-I) (n=30), trastorno bipolar tipo ii (TBP-II) (n=1), depresión unipolar (DM)(n=57), trastornos de ansiedad (TA) (n=15) y un grupo control (C)(n=25) de acuerdo con los criterios diagnósticos del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, cuarta edición, texto revisado, (DSM-IVTR). El cribado de episodios de hipomanía se realiza mediante la aplicación de la escala HCL-32. El área bajo la curva ROC=0,65 IC95% (0,55-0,75). El punto de corte de la HCL-32 elegido es el 15. Los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) y prevalencia de episodios de hipomanía en los pacientes del grupo de depresión (P) para el punto de corte 15 son: S=71,4%, IC95%(57,8, 85,1), E=45,8%, IC95%(34,5-57,1), VPP= 43,75%, IC95%(32,25-55,25), VPN:73,08%, IC95%(60,06-86,09) y P=67,2%. La HCL-32 constituye un instrumento de cribado muy sensible, aunque poco específico. Esto explicaría, en parte, la elevada proporción de episodios de hipomanía que detectamos en nuestra muestra. A diferencia de estudios previos, nuestra muestra es heterogénea (procede de diferentes ámbitos) y a nivel clínico es más grave e inestable. Futuras investigaciones deberían desarrollar instrumentos de medición de episodios de hipomanía más específicos y con mayor validez externa(AU)


Bipolar disorder (BP) is one of the major causes of disability in the world. Epidemiological studies suggest that this disorder could be under-diagnosed owing to the difficulty in detecting hypomania episodes. The detection of present and past episodes of hypomania could help in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disorder. The Hypomania Check List (HCL-32) is a questionnaire validated into Spanish and designed to detect past and present hypomania episodes in the psychiatric patient population. A total of 128 patients over 18 years old and diagnosed with type I bipolar (BP-I) disorder (n=1), type II bipolar (BP-II) disorder (n=30), major depression (MD) (n=57), anxiety disorders (AD) (n=15) were selected, along with a control group (C) (n=25). The patients were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IVTR). Screening for hypomania episodes was carried out by applying the HCL-32 scale. The area under the ROC curve was 0.65 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.55-0.75. The chosen cut-off point of the HCL-32 was 15. The values for the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and the prevalence (P) of hypomania episodes in the patients of the UP depression, for a cut-off point of 15 were: Se =71.4%, 95% CI; 57.8, 85.1, Sp =45.8%, 95% CI; 34.5-57.1, PPV=43.75%, 95% CI; 32.25-55.25), NPV:73.08%, 95% CI; 60.06-86.09) and P=67.2%. The HCL-32 is a very sensitive, but not very specific, screening tool. This could partly explain the high proportion of hypomania episodes detected in our sample. Unlike previous studies, our sample is heterogeneous (from different environments) and at a more severe and unstable clinical level. Future research should develop more specific measuring tools, and with greater external validation, for hypomania episodes(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/diagnóstico , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Curva ROC , Intervalos de Confiança
11.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 86(1): 101-114, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99791

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol (CEEA) es una práctica extendida en la población adolescente con graves riesgos para la salud, incluyendo el abuso/dependencia en la edad adulta. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar su asociación con los estados de ánimo negativos y algunas variables familiares entre los adolescentes catalanes. Métodos: Estudio transversal de una muestra representativa de adolescentes (edad 14-18 años) de Cataluña (Segunda oleada del Panel de Familias e Infancia) (2006-2010). Se realizan modelos de regresión logística para mujeres (n = 1.459) y hombres (n= 1.105) para estimar si los estados de ánimo negativos auto-percibidos (tristeza, presión parental, etc.) están asociados con el CEEA, capturado como haberse emborrachado por lo menos dos veces al mes durante el último año. Se estima en qué medida esos efectos son atribuibles a algunos factores familiares. Resultados: El sentimiento crónico de tristeza está asociado con el CEEAentre los varones (OR 2,7), al igual que sentirse presionado/a por los progenitores en ambos sexos (OR 1,8 hombres y OR 2,1 mujeres). Las mujeres de rentas medio-bajas y altas son más proclives al CEEA (OR 1,6 y OR 1,7 respectivamente). La existencia de progenitores de origen inmigrante (OR 0,4) y la fijación parental de un horario de retorno a casa los fines de semana (OR 0,6) presentan una asociación negativa con el CEEA entre las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los estados de ánimo negativos (EAN) están asociados al CEEA. Los efectos de los factores socio-económicos y familiares sobre el CEEA son más relevantes en mujeres que en varones(AU)


Background: Heavy episodic drinking is widespread among adolescents, with serious health risks, including abuse / dependence in adulthood. The aimof this paper is to analyze the influence of negativemood states and some family variables on this type of drinking behavior among Catalan adolescents. Methods: Cross sectional study of a representative sample of adolescents (age 14-18 years) fromCatalonia (SecondWave, Panel of Families and Children) (2006-2010). Separate logistic regression models are run for women (n = 1,459) and men (n = 1,105) to assess whether negative mood states (self-perceived) are associated with heavy episodic drinking measured as binge drinking at least twice a month or more in the last year. It is estimated to what extent these effects are attributable to familial factors. Results: Feelings of sadness are associated with binge drinking among male adolescents (OR 2.7). Feeling pressured by parents keeps also a positive association with binge drinking among both sexes (OR 1.8 for males and OR 2.1 for women). Women from low-middle and high income groups are more likely to engage in binge drinking (OR 1.6 and OR, 1.7 respectively). Migrant family background (OR 0.4) and parental control of arrival home on weekend (OR 0.6) are negatively related to binge drinking among female adolescents. Conclusions: Negative mood states are associated with heavy episodic drinking. Socio-economic and family factors have stronger effect on women than on men(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/epidemiologia , Afeto/fisiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/epidemiologia , Relações Familiares/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/normas , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/organização & administração , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Família/psicologia , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/normas , Estudos Transversais , Modelos Logísticos
12.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 23(4): 573-579, oct.-dic. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-91412

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio es identificar qué variables pueden explicar una mayor duración de los tratamientos psicológicos y analizar las diferencias entre casos extremos de corta y larga duración. Se analizaron los datos de 419 pacientes de la Clínica Universitaria de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Los factores que mejor explicaban la duración del tratamiento eran: número de técnicas aplicadas, presencia de comorbilidad, haber recibido algún tratamiento anterior y presentar un diagnóstico principal de trastorno del estado de ánimo o trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los casos de corta y larga duración en el número de técnicas aplicadas y el número de objetivos terapéuticos establecidos al comienzo del tratamiento, también en variables clínicas (grupo diagnóstico, comorbilidad y haber recibido algún tratamiento anterior) y sociodemográficas (edad y nivel educativo). Se discuten los resultados y se proponen líneas de actuación y/o reflexión (AU)


The purpose of this study was to identify variables that may explain a longer psychological treatment and to analyze differences between shortand long-term cases. Data from 419 patients of the University Clinic of Psychology at the Complutense University of Madrid were analyzed. Number of intervention techniques, comorbidity, previous treatments, and a primary diagnosis of mood disorder or eating disorder were the factors that explained longer treatment duration. Significant differences were observed between short- and long-term cases in number of intervention techniques, number of therapeutic objectives, and also in some clinical variables (diagnostic group, comorbidity, previous treatment) and demographics (age and educational level). Results are discussed and some lines of intervention and/ or reflection are proposed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Psicoterapia Breve/organização & administração , Assistência de Longa Duração/psicologia , Comorbidade/tendências , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Psicoterapia Breve/tendências , /tendências , Afeto/fisiologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia
13.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 31(112): 695-701, oct.-dic. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-90935

RESUMO

Se expone una experiencia en psicoterapia dinámica breve realizada en un varón de 48 años, ingresado en una Unidad de Agudos Hospitalaria de Salud Mental. Modelo de psicoterapia breve dirigida a trabajar la afectividad del paciente, haciendo del sentimiento el foco terapéutico y de la adquisición de un mejor manejo de éstos, el objetivo principal. Con el propósito de obtener herramientas psicoterapéuticas útiles allí donde la limitación temporal es un hándicap fundamental(AU)


We describe a brief psychotherapy experience made on a 48 year old man admitted to the Hospital Units for Acute Mental Health Patients. This psychotherapeutical model is directed to work the patient’s emotions, making his feelings the therapeutic focal point. The main objective of this brief psychotherapy was the acquisition of better management of the patient’s emotions and feelings. We aim at gaining useful psychotherapeutic tools where time is a major handicap(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia/tendências , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Risperidona/uso terapêutico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Citalopram/uso terapêutico , Flunitrazepam/uso terapêutico , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Alcoolismo/complicações , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Diagnóstico Diferencial
14.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; 20(1): 9-13, abr. 2011. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-91828

RESUMO

La astenia es un síntoma frecuente en la sociedad occidental moderna y no siempre es síntoma o manifestación de alguna enfermedad. La astenia primaveral podría considerarse una manifestación del llamado “trastorno afectivo estacional”, que se caracteriza por variaciones en el estado de ánimo y la vitalidad según la estación del año. Las soluciones propuestas para su tratamiento abarcan desde la exposición a la luz hasta el mantenimiento de hábitos de vida saludables o el apaciguamiento del ritmo de vida. Presentamos aquí los resultados de un estudio observacional desarrollado en 2010 para documentar los efectos de un complemento alimentario (BION® Activate) en individuos con astenia primaveral (AU)


Asthenia is a frequent symptom in the modern Western societies, and it is not always a symptom or manifestation of an underlying disease. Vernal asthenia might be considered a manifestation of the so-called “seasonal affective disorder”, and is characterized by seasonal variations in mood and vitality. The possible therapeutic measures proposed range from exposure to light to maintenance of a healthy or health-promoting lifestyle or reducing undue overactivity. We here present the results of an observational study performed in 2010 with the aim to document the effects of an alimentary complement (BION® Activate) in individuals with vernal asthenia (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Astenia/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
Apuntes psicol ; 28(1): 107-119, ene.-abr. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83064

RESUMO

Ciertas carazterísticas clínicas de la depresión nos han orientado a definir una intervención gruparl específica: su mayor tasa de suicidios consumados, la mayor resistencia a demandar ayuda, la tendencia al aislamiento y al consumo de tóxicos para apaciguar el sufrimiento. En este trabajo pretendemos dar cuenta de la mejoría clínica alcanzada por un grupo de 6 pacientes con diagnóstico de depresión mayor crónica, tras haber participado durante 2 años en terapia grupal. El tratamiento fue dirigido según las premisas de la Psicoterapia Interpersonal (PIP). Las pruebas psicométricas utilizadas fueron: MADRS (valora la intensidad de la sintomatología depresiva), SDI (discapacidad percibida por los pacientes en distintas áreas) y CGI-SI (impresión clínica). El grupo mostró una mejoría en todas las áreas. Pretendemos destacar, a partir de nuestra experiencia con este grupo de pacientes, la importancia de un tratamiento específico y prolongado con el objetivo de prevenir recaídas(AU)


Certain clinical carazterísticas of the depression have orientated us to define an intervention gruparl specific: his major rate of perfect suicides, the major resistance to demand help, the trend to the isolation and to the consumption of toxins to pacify the suffering. In this work we try to realize of the clinical improvement reached by a group of 6 patients with diagnosis of major chronic depression, after having taken part for 2 years in therapy grupal. The treatment was directed according to the premises of the Interpersonal Psychotherapy (PIP). The tests psicométricas used were: MADRS (it values the intensity of the depressive symptomatology), SDI (disability perceived by the patients in different areas) and CGI - IF (clinical impression). The group showed an improvement in all the areas. We try to emphasize, from our experience with this group of patients, the importance of a treatment specific and prolonged with the aim of anticipating relapses(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia de Grupo/métodos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Doença Crônica , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/terapia
17.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 23(3): 166-176, jul.-sept. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-85519

RESUMO

Background and Objectives: Recent decades have seen significant advancesin the knowledge of pathogenesis of mood disorders, as well as of other conditionsdirectly or indirectly related to such diseases. Such progress has led to the emergence ofnew treatments, such as bright light therapy, based on the discovery of the therapeutic effectsof exposure to bright light with the so-called seasonal affective disorder (SAD), aDSM seasonal pattern specifier linked to major depression and bipolar disorder recurrentdescribing the course of illness during seasons. The goal of the present work is to reviewthe potential clinical applications of phototherapy, including SAD, obsessive-compulsivedisorder, bulimia, premenstrual syndrome, non seasonal major depression, sleep disorders,jet-lag, dementia, normal populations and in primary care.Methods: A systematic review of the literature about this matter since the early Rosenthal’sgroup observations has been carried out.Results: A considerable number of studies has been published about this therapeuticapproach, pointing that not only depression but also other pathologies that may follow aseasonal pattern could benefit from phototherapy integrated with more standard treatments,as well as other disorders directly or indirectly related to mood, and even anotherconditions without a seasonal pattern.Conclusions: The data about the different uses of this treatment neither confirm nordismiss its efficacy, stating that the therapy should still be regarded as experimental. Futurestudies should continue investigating to draw reliable conclusions about the usefulnessof bright light therapy on mood disorders and other conditions to provide an alternativeto standard treatments almost exclusively based on psychoactive drugs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos do Humor/terapia , Fototerapia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos do Humor/classificação , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/terapia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual/terapia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/terapia , Síndrome do Jet Lag/terapia , Demência/terapia , Transtorno de Pânico/terapia
19.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 36(6): 331-336, nov.-dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69164

RESUMO

Introducción. Los trastornos de personalidad (TP) constituyen un problema clínico y asistencial creciente. En España los estudios de los TP y de la utilización de servicios de salud mental (SM) en población clínica son escasos. Sin embargo, estos datos son necesarios para planificar la asistencia de los TP. Método. Se han estudiado todos los pacientes atendidos durante 1 año en el conjunto de los servicios psiquiátricos (n=2.701) y por separado en los servicios hospitalarios (n=193) y ambulatorios (n=2.649). Se han incluido todos los pacientes diagnosticados de TP mediante entrevista clínica (criterios DSM-IV-TR). Se han investigado variables demográficas, clínicas y uso de servicios de SM. Resultados. La proporción de TP en el conjunto de la población atendida fue del 11% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 9,8-12,2) y en los servicios hospitalarios y ambulatorios del 17,6% (IC 95%: 12,9-23,6) y 10,3% (IC 95%: 9,2-11,5), respectivamente. Los TP más representados fueron el límite (25,7%), el histriónico (24%) y el obsesivo-compulsivo (6,4%), y el 19,6% fueron TP no especificado. Los TP hicieron una utilización importante de los recursos de salud mental (hospitalarios, ambulatorios y urgencias). Los trastornos del estado de ánimo, de ansiedad y por consumo de sustancias fueron los más comórbidos en el eje I. Conclusiones. El estudio de los TP atendidos en los servicios de SM de un distrito sanitario mediante evaluación clínica es un instrumento económico, sencillo y reproducible para planificar la asistencia de los TP (AU)


Introduction. Personality disorders (PD) are a growing clinical and health care problem. In Spain, the studies of PD and utilization of the Mental Health Services(MHS) in the clinical population are scant. However, these data are necessary in the planning of MHS for PD. Method. We studied all the patients attended throughout one year in all the psychiatric departments (n=2701), and separately in the inpatient (n=193) and outpatient (n=2649) psychiatric services. All the patients diagnosed with PD by clinical interview (DSM-IV-TR criteria) were included. Demographic and clinical variables as well as use of MHS were studied. Results. The proportion of PD in the population attended was 11% (95% CI: 9.8%-12.2%) and in the inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services 17.6% (95% CI: 12.9%-23.6%) and 10.3% (95% CI: 9.2%-11.5%), respectively. The most representative PD were borderline (25.7%), histrionic (24%) and obsessive-compulsive (6.4%) and 19.6% were not otherwise specified PD. PD accounted for an extensive use of mental health resources (inpatient, outpatient and emergency units). The most comorbid conditions in axis I were affective, anxiety and substance-related disorders. Conclusions. The study of PD attended in the MHS in a community area by means of clinical evaluation is an economical instrument, which is easily applied and replicated in planning of MHS for PD (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/tendências , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Comorbidade , Saúde Mental/classificação , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Departamentos Hospitalares , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos
20.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 36(6): 362-365, nov.-dic. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69168

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome orbitofrontal es un trastorno mental orgánico caracterizado por una serie de alteraciones de índole cognitivo, afectivo y conductual que son desencadenadas por la supresión de los mecanismos cerebrales inhibitorios. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 19 años que desarrolló un cambio de personalidad en el contexto de una operación por un aneurisma en la arteria cerebral media, con graves alteraciones conductuales de 1 año de evolución. Tras la instauración del tratamiento farmacológico se apreció una reducción significativa en la intensidad de la psicopatología; asimismo se constató la utilidad de la psicoterapia en la optimización del manejo familiar. Conclusiones. El síndrome orbitofrontal implica un daño en cualquiera de las estructuras y conexiones que comprenden el sistema orbitofrontal. El solapamiento psicopatológico con algunos trastornos psiquiátricos abre la posibilidad de un mayor entendimiento de las bases biológicas en la patología mental. El déficit en la capacidad metacognitiva y la alta dependencia los estímulos ambientales sitúan las técnicas conductuales como la psicoterapia de elección en esta clase de pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Orbitofrontal syndrome is an organic mental disorder characterized by cognitive, affective and behavioral alterations, triggered by the suppression of the inhibiting cerebral mechanisms. Clinical case. A 19 year-old woman developed a «change of personality» in the context of an aneurysm operation in the middle cerebral artery, with serious behavioral alterations during one year. After the drug treatment was established, there was significant reduction in the intensity of the psychopathology. Furthermore, the utility of psychotherapy in the improvement of the familiar management was affirmed. Conclusions. Orbitofrontal syndrome implies damage to any of the structures and connections included in the orbitofrontal system. The psychopathological overlapping with some psychiatric disorders opens the possibility of greater understanding of the biological bases of the mental disease. Because of the deficit in the metacognitive capacity and high dependency on environmental stimuli, it seems that behavioral techniques such as psychotherapy would be the treatments of choice for this type of patient (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Aneurisma Intracraniano/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Psicopatologia/métodos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal/psicologia , Entrevista Psicológica/métodos , Humor Irritável/fisiologia
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