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1.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 64(2): 128-135, Mar-Abr 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-204417

RESUMO

La exposición a radiaciones ionizantes es un factor condicionante a la hora de elegir radiología vascular intervencionista, lo que justifica el bajo porcentaje de radiólogas dedicadas a ello y el elevado número de bajas en trabajadoras embarazadas de servicios de radiodiagnóstico sin patología gestacional. Las recomendaciones y actual legislación sobre embarazo y manejo de radiaciones ionizantes de las diferentes instituciones nacionales no se ajustan a evidencias científicas, estableciendo medidas de protección basadas en desinformación y una protección injustificada al feto cuya validez no se ha demostrado científicamente. El desconocimiento y falta de información basada en evidencias podría ser una causa de esta disparidad laboral relacionada con el género de los trabajadores.Se realiza una revisión en la base de datos PubMed de los artículos y guías de práctica clínica más relevantes, con especial atención a los publicados en los últimos 5 años (2015-2020), y se describen los resultados de una encuesta online realizada a trabajadores sanitarios expuestos.(AU)


Exposure to ionizing radiation is a decisive factor in women's choice of entering the field of interventional radiology. This issue explains the low percentage of women in interventional radiology and the high number of women who take leave from work when they are pregnant even though they have no problems with their pregnancy. The current guidelines and legal framework regarding pregnancy and ionizing radiation from different national institutions are not in line with the scientific evidence. They establish recommendations based on disinformation and a need to protect the fetus that has not been scientifically validated. Lack of knowledge and lack of evidence-based information could contribute to gender-based inequality at work.This article reviews the evidence from the articles and clinical guidelines in PubMed, paying special attention to publications from the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, it reports the results of an online survey of healthcare professionals exposed to radiation in their work.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Radiologia Intervencionista , Radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Riscos de Radiação , Radiação Eletromagnética , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Gestantes , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Radiologia
3.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 24(1): 24-33, enero 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-203411

RESUMO

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) with multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (BT) and whole breast irradiation (WBI), in terms of toxicity, aesthetic result, quality of life and survival, in clinical practice.Materials and methodsA comparative study of two prospectively recorded cohorts of 76 breast cancer patients who complied with the recommendations of GEC-ESTRO for APBI was conducted. The main objective was toxicity, quality of life measured through validated questionnaires and the aesthetic results. Secondary objectives were overall survival and disease-free survival.ResultsSeventy-six stage I/II breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 66 years entered the study. APBI group showed less acute G1-2 dermatitis (51.4 vs 94.9%, p < 0.001) and late hyperpigmentation (0 vs 17.9%, p = 0.04). There were no differences in aesthetic results, both assessed by the patient herself and by the doctor. Statistically significant differences in measures of quality of life were observed in favour of the APBI, both in EORTC QLQ-BR23 and body image scale questionnaires. With a median follow-up of 72 months (6 years), the estimated overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 96.8 and 77.7%, respectively, and disease-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 91.1 and 69.4%, respectively, without statistically significant differences between groups.DiscussionAPBI is an attractive alternative in candidate patients with initial breast cancer, with benefits in acute toxicity and quality of life and fewer visits to the hospital, without compromising tumor control or survival.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ciências da Saúde , Neoplasias da Mama , Braquiterapia , Radiação , Toxicidade/efeitos adversos
5.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 46(supl.1): S107-S114, abr. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193500

RESUMO

El presente artículo comprende una amplia y descriptiva revisión de la radiación desde su concepción básica, características, clasificación, fuentes, equipos, elementos radioactivos y los efectos biológicos en el ser humano. La diferencia entre radiación ionizante y no ionizante radica en la cantidad de energía del fotón individual y no en la cantidad de energía total. La radiación no ionizante se caracteriza por no contar con energía suficiente para convertir átomos o moléculas a iones, sin embargo es capaz de producir calor, útil en tratamientos fisiátricos y estéticos, pero con la posibilidad de producir quemaduras y otras lesiones que aún siguen en estudio. Entre las fuentes de radiación no ionizante tenemos la luz visible, el laser, la luz infrarroja, el microondas, y el teléfono móvil. Los diversos equipos de diagnóstico y tratamiento empleados en Medicina como rayos X, radioterapia, medicina nuclear, o en el caso de accidentes nucleares y guerras radiactivas, pueden generar radiaciones del tipo ionizante que rompen enlaces químicos, con el consecuente desarrollo de lesiones biológicas, en ocasiones graves


This article includes a broad and descriptive review of radiation from its basic conception, characteristics, classification, sources, equipment, radioactive elements and the biological effects on humans. The difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation lies in the amount of energy of the individual photon and not in the amount of total energy. Non-ionizing radiation is characterized by not having enough energy to convert atoms or molecules to ions; however they are capable of producing heat, useful in physiological and aesthetic treatments, with the possibility of producing burns and other injuries that are still under study. Among the non-ionizing radiation sources, we have visible light, laser, infrared light, microwave and mobile phone. The various diagnostic and treatment equipment used in Medicine such as X-rays, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, or in the case of nuclear accidents and radioactive wars, can generate ionizing type radiation that breaks chemical bonds, with the consequent development of biological lesions that may be severe


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Queimaduras/complicações , Radiação/classificação , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Lesões por Radiação/diagnóstico , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Pele/lesões , Radiação Ionizante , Radiação não Ionizante/efeitos adversos , Lesões por Radiação/complicações
6.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(1): 81-91, ene.-feb. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-170158

RESUMO

Objetivo: Sintetizar y analizar las revisiones sistemáticas, los estudios de casos y controles, de cohortes y metaanálisis que indaguen sobre la asociación entre la exposición a la radiofrecuencia de los teléfonos móviles y la aparición de tumores en personas adultas. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, MedLine y Cinahl de artículos publicados en inglés y español entre enero de 2005 y febrero de 2016, que analicen el riesgo de tumor asociado a la exposición a la radiofrecuencia de los teléfonos móviles en personas adultas. Se siguieron las recomendaciones de la Declaración PRISMA y se analizó la calidad de los artículos con la herramienta AMSTAR y la Escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Resultados: Se encontraron 1034 estudios, de los cuales se incluyeron 14 en la presente revisión. La mayoría afirman que a corto plazo no es posible determinar la relación, aunque a largo plazo (más de 10 años) la radiofrecuencia emitida por los teléfonos móviles puede provocar efectos tumorales, aumentando el riesgo la exposición homolateral y la latencia. Conclusiones: Aunque la radiofrecuencia emitida por los teléfonos móviles tiene efectos tumorales sobre las personas, la evidencia científica disponible no es robusta. Son necesarios estudios más rigurosos, con mayores tamaños muestrales y periodos de seguimiento largos para conocer en profundidad los efectos a largo plazo (AU)


Objective: To synthesize and analyse systematic reviews, case-control studies, cohort studies and meta-analysis that investigate the association between exposure to radiofrequency from mobile phones and the appearance of tumours in adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Medline and Cinahl of articles published in English and Spanish between January 2005 and February 2016 that analyse the risk of tumour associated with exposure to radiofrequency from mobile phones in adults. The recommendations of the PRISMA Declaration were followed, and the quality of the articles was analysed with the AMSTAR tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: 1034 studies were found, fourteen of which were included. Most studies agree that it is not possible to determine a relationship in the short term, although long-term (over 10 years) radiofrequency emitted by mobile phones can cause tumour effects, with an increased risk by ipsilateral exposure and latency. Conclusions: Although radiofrequency from mobile phones has tumour effects on humans, the available scientific evidence is not robust. More rigorous follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and broader periods are necessary to learn more about the long-term effects (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Radiação , Telefone Celular , Fatores de Risco , Ondas de Rádio/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias/classificação , Neoplasias/radioterapia
7.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 19(10): 1225-1231, oct. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-166155

RESUMO

Purpose. To determine if there is an association between the incidental radiation dose to the subventricular zone and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide. Methods and materials. Sixty-five patients, treated between 2006 and 2015, were included in this retrospective study. The doses (75th percentile; p75) administered to the ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral subventricular zone were compared to overall survival and progression-free survival using Cox proportional hazards models. Covariates included: age, sex, surgery, tumor location, and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. Results. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 11.5 ± 9.96 and 18.8 ± 18.5 months, respectively. The p75 doses to the ipsilateral, contralateral and bilateral subventrivular zone were, respectively, 57.30, 48.8, and 52.7 Gy. Patients who received a dose ≥48.8 Gy in the contralateral subventricular zone had better progression-free survival than those who received lower doses (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23-0.91 P = 0.028). This association was not found for overall survival (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.30-1.22 P = 0.16). Administration of adjuvant temozolomide was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.09-0.41 P < 0.0001) and overall survival (HR 0.11; 95% CI 0.05-0.24 P = 0.001). In the subgroup of 46 patients whose O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene promoter status was known, the methylation had no effect on either progression-free survival (P = 0.491) or overall survival (P = 0.203). Conclusion. High-dose radiation in the contralateral subventricular zone was associated with a significant improvement in progression-free survival but not overall survival in patients treated for glioblastoma multiforme (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/radioterapia , Glioblastoma/cirurgia , Radiação , Doses de Radiação , Biópsia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Multivariada
8.
Ars pharm ; 57(4): 193-199, oct.-dic. 2016. ^filus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159648

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto protector del extracto acuoso de Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, ante el daño inducido por las radiaciones UVC. Material y Métodos: Para evaluar si el extracto acuoso de C. citratus era capaz de inducir roturas de cadenas en el ADN, moléculas de plásmido pBluescript SK II fueron tratadas con diferentes concentraciones del extracto (0,01 - 4,0 mg/mL), en los tiempos de exposición: 30, 60 y 90 min. El efecto fotoprotector fue evaluado aplicando el extracto vegetal antes, durante, y después de la irradiación del ADN plasmídico con 200 J/m2 de UVC. La actividad enzimática de T4 endonucleasa V fue empleada para detectar formación de CPDs. Las formas superenrollada y relajada de las moléculas de plásmido fueron separadas electroforéticamente en gel de agarosa. Adicionalmente, se midió la transmitancia del extracto acuoso a la DO de 254 nm. Resultados: Ninguna de las concentraciones evaluadas resultó genotóxica con 30 min de tratamiento. Las concentraciones ≥ 2 mg/mL indujeron roturas de cadenas a los 90 min de incubación. El extracto de C. citratus a concentraciones ≥ 0,5 mg/mL protegió al ADN frente a las radiaciones UVC. Conclusiones: En nuestras condiciones experimentales, el extracto acuoso de C. citratus protege al ADN frente a la genotoxicidad inducida por la luz UVC, previniendo la generación de CPDs, pero no es capaz de eliminarlas una vez formadas


Aim: to evaluate the photoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf against UVC-induced damage to ADN. Material and methods: In the experimental procedure, samples of plasmid pBluescript SK II solutions were exposed to C. citratus aqueous extract in 0.01-4.0 mg/mL concentrations during 30, 60 and 90 min. In order to evaluate the photoprotective effect, the vegetal extract was applied before, during and after UVC radiation at 200 J/m2 doses. DNA repair enzymes T4 endonuclease V was employed in order to discriminate CPDs damage. Then, supercoiled and relaxed forms of DNA were separated after electrophoretic migration in agarose gels. Also aqueous extract transmittance was measure at 254 nm OD. Results: None of the concentrations tested were genotoxic in 30 min of exposition. Concentrations ≥ 2 mg/mL induced strand breaks at 90 min of incubation. The C. citratus extract at concentrations ≥ 0.5 mg/ mL protect DNA in front of UVC radiation. Conclusions: In our experimental conditions, C. citratus extract protects DNA from the genotoxicity induced by light UVC, preventing the CPDs generation, but is not able to eliminate DNA damage once formed


Assuntos
DNA/análise , Cymbopogon , Cymbopogon/genética , Cymbopogon/efeitos da radiação , Radiação , Desoxirribonuclease IV (Fago T4-Induzido) , Genotoxicidade/métodos , Dímeros de Pirimidina/síntese química , Dímeros de Pirimidina/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais
9.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 22(5): 217-223, sept.-oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146293

RESUMO

La fluorosocopia es una técnica esencial para la realización de la mayoría de bloqueos en tratamiento del dolor pero, a pesar de utilizarse diariamente, un gran porcentaje de especialistas no ha recibido formación específica, según se describe en una encuesta realizada entre los encuestados de la especialidad (1). Con este artículo pretendemos exponer conceptos básicos de los tipos de radiación, sobre cómo se generan los rayos X y cómo podemos controlar la imagen que obtenemos en el monitor modificando diferentes parámetros como corriente o voltaje. También se describen los límites de dosis establecidos en la legislación española, cómo se puede monitorizar la radiación, las recomendaciones para reducir la exposición a rayos X y tratamos de insistir en la importancia de informar al paciente del uso de rayos X, lo cual raramente realizamos (AU)


The use of fluoroscopy is an essential tool for the practice of blocks and techniques in pain management. However and despite its frequent use, a large number of pain specialists have not received specific training, according to the study that we carried out among pain practitioners (1). In the present study we pretend to describe the basic principles of radiation, generation of X rays, and control of the monitor image using the, voltage or current. We also describe the dose limits established by Spanish law, how to monitor radiation, recommendations to reduce exposure to X rays and finally we insist on the importance to inform the patient about the use of X rays, since rarely it is done (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fluoroscopia/instrumentação , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Fluoroscopia , /métodos , /normas , Manejo da Dor/instrumentação , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Radioterapia/métodos , Manejo da Dor/normas , Manejo da Dor , Terapia por Raios X/tendências , Radiação/classificação , Radiação Ionizante , Exposição à Radiação
10.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 35(2): 359-388, 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-144231

RESUMO

This essay draws attention to the role of the WHO in shaping research agendas in the biomedical sciences in the postwar era. It considers in particular the genetic studies of human populations that were pursued under the aegis of the WHO from the late 1950s to 1970s. The study provides insights into how human and medical genetics entered the agenda of the WHO. At the same time, the population studies become a focus for tracking changing notions of international relations, cooperation, and development and their impact on research in biology and medicine in the post-World War II era. After a brief discussion of the early history of the WHO and its position in Cold War politics, the essay considers the WHO program in radiation protection and heredity and how the genetic study of «vanishing» human populations and a world-wide genetic study of newborns fitted this broader agenda. It then considers in more detail the kind of support offered by the WHO for these projects. The essay highlights the role of single individuals in taking advantage of WHO support for pushing their research agendas while establishing a trend towards cooperative international projects in biology (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
População , Vigilância da População , Organização Mundial da Saúde/história , Organização Mundial da Saúde/organização & administração , Explosões Nucleares , Saúde Pública/história , Administração em Saúde Pública/história , Energia Nuclear/história , Radiação , Histocitoquímica/história , UNESCO
11.
Dynamis (Granada) ; 35(2): 389-408, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-144232

RESUMO

Mutation breeders in the 1960s seemed poised to use atomic energy to speed up mutation rates in plants in order to develop new crop varieties, for the benefit of all people. Although skepticism had slowed this work in the United States, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) nurtured the scientific field, its community of experts, and an imagined version of the future that put humans in control of their destiny. The IAEA acted as a center of dissemination and support for experts and ideas even when they had fallen from favor elsewhere. Through the lens of the IAEA, plant breeding bore the appearance of a socially progressive, ultra-modern science destined to alleviate population pressures. Administrators at the IAEA also were desperate for success stories, hoping to highlight mutation plant breeding as a potential solution to the world’s ills. The community of mutation plant breeders gained a lifeline from the consistent clarion call from the Vienna-based agency to use atomic energy to understand the natural world and quicken its pulse with radioisotopes (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
História do Século XX , Energia Nuclear/economia , Energia Nuclear/história , Agricultura/história , Agricultura/tendências , Peace Corps/história , Cooperação Técnica , Radiação , Efeitos da Radiação , Isótopos/história , Nações Unidas/história
12.
Rev. esp. cir. ortop. traumatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(5): 309-313, sept.-oct. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127035

RESUMO

Objetivo. Analizar la exposición a radiaciones ionizantes por parte de dos cirujanos ortopédicos en su práctica diaria y revisar las principales recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales al respecto. Material y método. Se efectúo un estudio retrospectivo de la actividad quirúrgica con uso de fluoroscopia realizado por dos cirujanos ortopédicos en un año. Se calculó la radiación recibida basándose en mediciones por procesos publicados en la bilbliografía. Revisión bibliográfica de recomendaciones y normativas internacionales. Resultado. La radiación recibida en un año por los dos cirujanos ortopédicos no sobrepasó el límite de la legislación actual ni el de las nuevas recomendaciones europeas e internacionales. La exposición fue asimétrica, siendo las manos la zona más radiada. Las nuevas recomendaciones rebajan los niveles permitidos de radiación en ojos. Discusión. La estimación de radiación recibida hace necesario proteger y vigilar especialmente las manos y los ojos. Son necesarios conocimientos del funcionamiento del fluoroscopio y de las medidas de radioprotección (AU)


Objective. To analyse the exposure of two Orthopaedic Surgeons to ionizing radiations in their daily work, and to review the main national and international recommendations on this subject. Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on the surgical treatments that use fluoroscopy performed by two Orthopaedic Surgeons during a one year period. An evaluation was made of the radiation received, based on measurements of the processes published in the bibliography section. A literature review of international recommendations and regulations is also presented. Results. The radiation received by the two Orthopaedic Surgeons during one year did not exceed the limits of present-day legislation or the new European and international recommendations. The exposure was asymmetrical, with the hands being the most radiated part. The new recommendations reduce the permitted level of radiation on eyes. Discussion. The evaluation of the radiation received demonstrates the need for radiation protection, paying particular attention to the hands and eyes. Good knowledge of operating a fluoroscope and radiation safety measures are also essential (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Radiação , Exposição à Radiação , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Medição de Radiação , Radiometria/métodos , Radiometria , Dosimetria/métodos , Salas Cirúrgicas , Proteção Radiológica/legislação & jurisprudência , Proteção Radiológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Fluoroscopia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Radiometria/instrumentação , Radiometria/tendências
13.
Rev. senol. patol. mamar. (Ed. impr.) ; 26(4): 138-145, oct.-dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117225

RESUMO

La radioterapia en el cáncer de mama se ha empleado desde hace más de 100 años para el control local de la enfermedad. Las mejoras tecnológicas incorporadas en los últimos 20-30 años han optimizado estos resultados de control local y han conseguido aumentar la supervivencia global (nivel de evidencia 1, en el metaanálisis de Oxford). Realizamos un breve recuerdo histórico de los avances que han cambiado la práctica clínica de la radioterapia en el cáncer de mama, desde las 2 dimensiones a las 3 dimensiones con la incorporación de la tomografía axial computarizada para la simulación virtual, los conceptos de volúmenes de tratamiento, órganos de riesgo, histogramas dosis-volumen y el objetivo de distribución homogénea de la dosis absorbida entre el 95 y el 107%. Las mejoras tecnológicas en las unidades de tratamiento, desde la cobaltoterapia a los aceleradores con multiláminas automáticos con colimación de los haces hasta 5 mm en un tiempo récord, acortando los tiempos de tratamiento y la protección exquisita de los órganos de riesgo, como el pulmón y el corazón. Describiremos las generalidades de las técnicas de radioterapia en el cáncer de mama, la inmovilización en supino y en prono, la posición y volúmenes de tratamiento, la calidad de la radiación, técnica y dosis recomendadas. Mencionaremos también los nuevos fraccionamientos, que están irrumpiendo en la práctica clínica asistencial de la radioterapia del cáncer de mama, con un nivel de evidencia suficiente, con resultados en control local, supervivencia, estéticos y de toxicidad similares a los del fraccionamiento de 2 Gy en 25 fracciones (AU)


Radiation therapy in breast cancer has been used for more than a century for local disease control. Improved technology in the last 20-30 years has maximized outcomes not only in achieving local control but also in increasing overall survival (level 1 evidence in an Oxford meta-analysis). We present a brief historical review of all the technical and scientific advances that have changed clinical practice in breast cancer radiotherapy. These include the switch from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional technology with the use of computed tomography for virtual simulation, the new concepts of treatment volumes, organs at risk and dose-volume histograms, and the objective of a homogeneous distribution of the absorbed dose of between 95% and 107%. Technological advances in treatment units, from cobalt therapy to accelerators with MLC leaves with beam collimation of up to 5 mm in record time have shortened treatment times and provide exquisite protection to at-risk organs, such as the heart or lung. We describe the general features of radiation therapy techniques in breast cancer, including immobilization in supine and prone positions, the position and volumes of treatment, the quality of radiation, the technique, and recommended doses. We also mention the new dose fractions that are breaking into the clinical practice of breast cancer radiotherapy, with a considerable level of evidence showing good results in terms of local control, survival rates, and esthetic outcomes, as well as toxic effects very similar to those achieved with the standard dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions of 2 Gy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Radiação/classificação , Adjuvantes Farmacêuticos/uso terapêutico , Radioterapia Adjuvante/instrumentação , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/história , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/tendências
14.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 15(11): 889-896, nov. 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-127671

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of low-dose whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)-based differential radiation therapy (RT) for metastatic brain tumors. METHODS: A total of 242 targets (metastatic brain lesions) were analyzed in the present study. Median WBRT dose and number of fractions were 25 (range 25-35) Gy and 10 (range 8-15) fractions, respectively. A median normalized total dose (NTD) of 1.8 Gy (NTD(1.8Gy)) to the metastatic lesion was 45 (range 27-64.8) Gy. We numbered and contoured each metastatic lesion sequentially using computed tomography fused with serial magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate volumetric changes. RESULTS: The 6-month and 1-year freedom from remote ntracranial failure rates were 87.7 and 58.5 %, respectively. The 6-month actuarial local control (LC) rate was 93.4 %. Tumor diameter was a major determinant for LC, and tumor histology was a significant parameter predicting the volume reduction rate. With overall complete response (CR) rate of 56.6 % after RT, CR rate, if the target was more than 1 cm in size, was 25 % with a median NTD(1.8Gy) of 45 Gy, requiring dose escalation to achieve better target regression. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose WBRT with selective boost was feasible and effective. Our results pose the rationale of future trial of differential radiation therapy (RT), which prescribes different radiation dose according to the tumor density in metastatic brain tumors (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Radiação/classificação , Tomografia/mortalidade , Tomografia/métodos , Tomografia/tendências , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos
16.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 31(3): 148-150, mayo-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-99908

RESUMO

La sensibilidad aumentada de los detectores en los aeropuertos, el aumento del número de pruebas isotópicas y la globalización de la sociedad han dado lugar a varias falsos positivos en las alarmas de radioactivos de los aeropuertos y lugares públicos. Este trabajo presenta dos nuevos casos de pacientes que alertaron las alarmas de seguridad en el aeropuerto después de haber recibido 740MBq de 131I en bocio no-tóxico. Los intentos de comparar la literatura son sorprendentemente limitados en relación a este problema. Un hombre de 57 años desencadenó una alarma en tres aeropuertos diferentes durante los días 17, 28 y 31 después de haber recibido exposición a yodo radioactivo. Curiosamente, mientras tanto, en los días 18 y 22, no se detectó la radiación en el aeropuerto, donde fue detenido dos veces más adelante como fuente de radiación. El segundo caso presenta una mujer de 45 años que activó los detectores de la alama de seguridad cuando cruzó una frontera en un viaje en autobús después de haber recibido yodo radioactivo(AU)


An increased sensitivity of airport detectors, a growing number of isotopic tests, and globalization of the society have raised a number of false positive radioactive alarms at airports and public places. This paper presents two new cases of patients who triggered airport security alarms after receiving 740MBq of 131I for non-toxic goitre and attempts to compare surprisingly limited literature concerning this problem. A 57-year-old man triggered a security alarm at three different airports on the 17th, 28th, and 31st day after radioiodine exposure. Interestingly enough, in the meantime, on the 18th and 22nd day, no radiation was detected in him at the airport where he was twice detained as a source of radiation later on. The second case presents a 45-year-old woman who activated security alarm detectors while crossing a border on her coach trip 28 days after radioiodine administration(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radioisótopos do Iodo/análise , Controle Sanitário de Aeroportos e Aeronaves , Aeroportos/legislação & jurisprudência , Aeroportos/métodos , Aeroportos/tendências , Bócio Endêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Radiação , Segurança/normas , Aeroportos/instrumentação , Aeroportos/normas , Resíduos Radioativos/análise , Bócio Endêmico/terapia
18.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 138(3): 127-132, feb. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98053

RESUMO

Se discuten diversas interpretaciones del término tóxico y la necesidad de actualizar la definición adaptándola a los cambios producidos por los avances científicos. Tras analizar los factores que contribuyen a la relatividad del término y sus fronteras, se propone una definición clara y precisa, que pretende ajustarse al concepto más ampliamente extendido de su significado. La nueva definición dice: «tóxico es, para los seres humanos y su entorno biológico no patógeno o dañino, toda radiación electromagnética o corpuscular y todo agente químico no infeccioso, de tamaño no superior a una pequeña partícula o fibra, que, tras generarse internamente o entrar en contacto, penetrar y/o ser absorbido por un organismo vivo, en dosis suficientemente alta, puede producir o produce un efecto adverso directo o indirecto en el mismo no manifiestamente relacionado con su temperatura o con una diferencia mensurable de potencial eléctrico». El conocimiento científico precisa definiciones exactas que eviten ambigüedades (AU)


We discuss different interpretations of the term poison as well as the need of bringing up to date the changes in this matter according to the science progress. A clear and exact definition is proposed after analysing the factors that affect the relativity of the concept and its boundaries. The proposal for a definition is presented taking into account the most broadly extended concepts concerning its significance. That is to say: "a poison is, for human beings and their non-pathogenic and non-harmful biological environment, an electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation, or a non-infectious chemical agent, structured no larger in size than a small particle or fibre that, after being generated internally or after contact, penetration and/or absorption by a live organism, in sufficiently high dose, can produce or produces a direct or indirect adverse effect unrelated to its temperature or measurable electrical potential difference". The scientific knowledge needs accurate definitions to avoid ambiguities (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Substâncias Tóxicas , Radiação/classificação , 35510 , Medidas de Toxicidade , Toxicidade/classificação , Fontes de Radiação
19.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 23(2): 189-195, abr.-jun. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-86581

RESUMO

Las áreas cerebrales más activas y su secuencia de activación durante el recuerdo y la denominación exitosa de caras (Condición SI) y durante el fenómeno de la punta de la lengua (Condición PDL) fueron estimadas a partir de potenciales evocados mediante tomografías electromagnéticas de baja resolución (LORETA). Los resultados muestran evidencia de que una adecuada activación de una red neural (estando principalmente implicadas áreas temporales posteriores, insula, áreas prefrontales mediales y laterales, y áreas temporales mediales) durante los primeros 500 ms después de la presentación de la cara está relacionada con la recuperación exitosa de información léxicofonológica sobre el nombre de la persona. Además se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre ambas condiciones en el intervalo 538-698 ms; concretamente, el giro cingulado anterior y el área motora suplementaria mostraron una mayor activación en la Condición SI que en la Condición PDL, posiblemente relacionada con la respuesta motora y como consecuencia de la recuperación exitosa de la información léxico-fonológica sobre la persona (AU)


Active brain areas and their temporal sequence of activation during the successful retrieval and naming of famous faces (KNOW) and during the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state were studied by means of low resolution electromagnetic tomographic analysis (LORETA) applied to event-related potentials. The results provide evidence that adequate activation of a neural network during the first 500 ms following presentation of the photograph -mainly involving the posterior temporal region, the insula, lateral and medial prefrontal areas and the medial temporal lobe- is associated with successful retrieval of lexical-phonological information about the person’s name. Significant differences between conditions were observed in the 538-698-ms interval; specifically there was greater activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) towards the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the KNOW than in the TOT condition, possibly in relation to the motor response and as a consequence of the successful retrieval of lexical-phonological information about the person (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Cérebro/fisiologia , Tomografia , Linguística/métodos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal , Compreensão , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Radiação/classificação , Análise de Dados/métodos , 28599 , Análise de Variância , Lobo Parietal/fisiologia , Lobo Parietal , Eletrofisiologia/tendências
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