RESUMO
Hypertension may also be referred to as essential hypertension. The circulatory movement is in its early stages. Hypertension is a self-contained systemic ailment characterised by elevated arterial blood pressure, leading to detrimental effects on various organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and other bodily systems. The term "high" refers to a state or condition that is elevated or above average. Hypertension is a prevalent and highly morbid condition within the cardiovascular system. The prevalence of hypertension in our nation is experiencing an upward trend, with a concomitant rise in the proportion of hypertensive adults observed annually. Currently, the predominant approach to managing hypertension in our nation revolves around pharmacological interventions; however, it is worth noting that these drug treatments are associated with certain adverse effects. In the long term, there is a significant fluctuation in blood pressure following discontinuation. There is an urgent need for an improvement to be made regarding this particular phenomenon. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of aerobic exercise on stress levels, quality of life, and lipid and glucose metabolism among hypertensive adults. A total of 92 individuals diagnosed with hypertension were assigned to two groups: a control group consisting of 46 participants, and a study group also consisting of 46 participants. The allocation of individuals to each group was determined based on digital criteria. Both cohorts were administered a regimen of pharmaceutical compounds, with the experimental group additionally engaging in aerobic exercise as an adjunctive intervention.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hipertensão , Exercício Físico , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Saúde Mental , Psicologia do Esporte , Esportes , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos de Coortes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Autoavaliação (Psicologia)RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: la elevada prevalencia de la obesidad en las edades pediátricas plantea el desarrollo de comorbilidades, dentro de las cuales se encuentran las alteraciones glucídicas. OBJETIVO: determinar si existe alteración glucídica en pacientes pediátricos con obesidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo, transversal, en 76 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de obesidad atendidos en el Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Juan Manuel Márquez (La Habana, Cuba), en el periodo de enero de 2015 a enero de 2019. Las variables en estudio fueron: edad, sexo, tipo de prediabetes, tiempo de evolución y grado de obesidad. Las variables cualitativas se describieron estadísticamente mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas, la asociación entre las variables categóricas se exploró con el test χ2 y la probabilidad exacta de Fisher. En todas las pruebas estadísticas se consideró un nivel de significación de alfa igual a 0,05. RESULTADOS: el 71,05% de los pacientes presentaron prediabetes, de los cuales el 40,59% pertenecían al sexo femenino y el 72,22% eran mayores de 10 años de edad. Predominaron los pacientes con TGA (70,37%), de los cuales el 50,0% eran mayores de 10 años de edad y el 37,04% eran del sexo femenino. El tiempo de evolución de la obesidad no resultó significativo y se constató un incremento de la prediabetes a mayor grado de la obesidad (p = 0,0095). CONCLUSIONES: se presentaron alteraciones del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono expresadas por la presencia de prediabetes. Predominó el sexo femenino. No existió asociación entre la prediabetes con el tiempo de evolución de la obesidad, pero sí con el grado de obesidad
INTRODUCTION: high prevalence of obesity in the paediatric population carries a risk of development of comorbidities, including abnormal blood glucose levels. OBJECTIVE: to determine whether abnormal blood glucose levels are present in paediatric patients with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in 76 paediatric patients with a diagnosis of obesity managed in the Department of Endocrinology of the Juan Manuel Márquez hospital (Havana, Cuba) between January 2015 and January 2019. The variables under study were: age, sex, type of prediabetes, duration and severity of obesity. We described qualitative variables as absolute and relative frequencies and analysed the association between categorical variables with the χ2 and Fisher exact tests. We defined statistical significance as an alpha probability of 0.05. RESULTS: we found that 71.05% of the patients in the sample had prediabetes, of who 40.59% were female and 72.22% aged more than 10 years. There was a predominance of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (70.37%), of who 50.0% were older than 10 years and 37.04% female. We did not find a significant association between the duration of obesity and prediabetes, but we found an increase in prediabetes with increasing severity of obesity (p = 0.0095). CONCLUSIONS: we found abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism manifesting as prediabetes. The prevalence was higher in female patients. We did not find a significant association between the duration of obesity and prediabetes, but we found an increase in prediabetes with increasing severity of obesity
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Estado Pré-Diabético/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La diabetes gestacional es la enfermedad que con mayor frecuencia origina alteraciones médicas en el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la relación entre la presencia de alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono durante el embarazo y el riesgo de presentar resultados obstétricos adversos en la madre y el feto. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio observacional en 799 mujeres que acababan de dar a luz. Se analizaron las características clínicas y obstétricas de las pacientes, así como los datos relacionados con la gestación y el parto, incluyendo el estado del recién nacido. Se evaluó la información con relación a las alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Para las mujeres con diabetes gestacional encontramos un riesgo de 2,64 veces mayor de pérdida de bienestar fetal y 3,14 veces mayor de requerir hospitalización durante el embarazo. Para las gestantes con intolerancia a los hidratos de carbono encontramos un riesgo de 2,61 veces mayor de requerir episiotomía en el parto vaginal, 7,54 veces mayor de encontrar pérdida del bienestar fetal y 2,06 veces mayor de requerir hospitalización. El grupo de intolerancia a los hidratos de carbono se comportó de forma similar al de la diabetes. CONCLUSIONES: El grupo de intolerancia a los hidratos de carbono es un grupo poco estudiado y se han encontrado alteraciones obstétricas significativas frente al grupo control y similares a las del grupo de diabetes gestacional
INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes is the pathology that most frequently causes medical alterations in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the presence of alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates during pregnancy and the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes in mother and foetus. PATIENTS AND METHOD: An observational study was conducted on 799 women who had just given birth. The clinical and obstetric characteristics of the patients, as well as the data related to pregnancy and delivery, including the state of the new born infant were analysed. The information was evaluated in relation to the alterations in carbohydrate metabolism. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: For women with gestational diabetes a 2.64 times greater risk of loss of foetal well-being and 3.14 times greater risk of requiring hospitalization during pregnancy were found. For pregnant women with carbohydrate intolerance, a 2.61 times higher risk of requiring episiotomy in vaginal delivery, a 7.54 times greater risk of finding loss of foetal well-being, and a 2.06 times greater risk of requiring hospitalization were found. The group with carbohydrate intolerance behaved similarly to that with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The group with intolerance to carbohydrates is a little studied group and significant obstetric alterations were found compared to the control group and similar to those of the gestational diabetes group
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Gravidez/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Resistência à Insulina , Idade Gestacional , Antropometria , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
Genome shuffling by recursive protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis also known as Scheffersomyces stipitis resulted in a promising yeast hybrid strain with superior qualities than those of the parental strains in enhancing biofuel production. Our study focused on the substrate utilization, ethanol fermentation, and ethanol tolerance of the hybrids and the parental strains. The parental strain S. cerevisiae is limited to utilize only hexose sugars, and this leads to decrease in the ethanol yield when they are subjected to ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass which is rich in pentose sugars. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a hybrid yeast strain through genome shuffling which can assimilate all the sugars present in the fermentation medium. After two rounds of recursive protoplast fusion, there was a higher increase in substrate utilization by hybrid SP2-18 compared to parental strain S. cerevisiae. SP2-18 was able to consume 34% of xylose sugar present in the fermentation medium, whereas S. cerevisiae was not able to utilize xylose. Further, the hybrid strain SP2-18 was able to reach an ethanol productivity of 1.03 g L−1 h−1, ethanol yield 0.447 g/g, and ethanol concentration 74.65 g L−1 which was relatively higher than that of the parental strain S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, the hybrid SP2-18 was found to be stable in the production of ethanol. The random amplified polymorphic DNA profile of the yeast hybrid SP2-18 shows the polymorphism between the parental strains indicating the migration of specific sugar metabolizing genes from P. stipitis, while the maximum similarity was with the parent S. cerevisiae
No disponible
Assuntos
Embaralhamento de DNA , Etanol/metabolismo , Engenharia Metabólica/métodos , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Pichia/efeitos dos fármacos , Pichia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biocombustíveis , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Microbiologia Industrial , Recombinação GenéticaRESUMO
Fundamentos: Una dieta basada en alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido en azúcar y almidón digestible se considera un factor de riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles tales como obesidad y diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo es resumir las evidencias disponibles sobre la efectividad de los compuestos fenólicos en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y en la reducción del riesgo y el tratamiento de estas patologías. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica mediante los sistemas de búsqueda PubMed y WOS para la identificación de compuestos fenólicos con efecto en el metabolismo de carbohidratos y las patologías metabólicas relacionadas. Resultados: Los compuestos fenólicos actúan a diferentes niveles: vía formación de complejos compuesto fenólico-carbohidrato, vía inhibición enzimática, modulación del transporte y regulación de la liberación de hormonas relacionadas con el metabolismo de los carbohidratos. Su efectividad puede ser igual o superior a la de fármacos utilizados comúnmente en el tratamiento de la diabetes, sin los efectos secundarios que se asocian a estos últimos. Conclusiones: Los flavonoides son los compuestos fenólicos de la dieta que podrían ser más efectivos en la regulación del metabolismo de carbohidratos. Estos pueden inhibir enzimas, modular transportadores; así como, estimular la secreción de hormonas de saciedad
Background: A diet based on foods and beverages with high sugar content and digestible starch is considered a risk factor of non-communicable chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim is to summarize the evidence available on the effect of phenolic compounds in the metabolism of carbohydrates and in the reduction of risk and treatment of these pathologies. Methods: Literature search using PubMed and WOS as search systems for the identification of phenolic compounds with an effect on carbohydrate metabolism and related metabolic pathologies. Results: Phenolic compounds act at different levels: via complex formation of phenolic-carbohydrate compounds, via enzymatic inhibition, modulation of transporters and regulation of the release of hormones related to carbohydrate metabolism. Their effectiveness may be equal or superior to that of drugs commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, but without the side effects that are associated with the latter. Conclusions: Flavonoids are the phenolic compounds found in diet that are effective in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. They can inhibit enzymes, modulate transporters; as well as, stimulate the secretion of satiety hormones
Assuntos
Humanos , Compostos Fenólicos/análise , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Flavonoides/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Substâncias Protetoras/análise , Resposta de Saciedade/fisiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) conocida e ignorada entre los médicos de Atención Primaria (MAP), así como el tratamiento utilizado y el grado de control metabólico. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de ámbito nacional. Fueron elegidos 495 MAP aleatoriamente entre los médicos afiliados a la Fundación redGDPS. A todos se les determinó la HbA1ccapilar con dispositivo A1CNow+(R) y se les aplicó una encuesta específicamente diseñada para el estudio. Resultados: La prevalencia total de DM2 fue del 11,1% (IC 95% 8,33-13,9) (8,1% con DM2 conocida y 3,0% con DM2 ignorada) y del 16,2% para la prediabetes (IC 95% 13,0-19,4). El 62,5% de los MAP con DM2 conocida alcanzan cifras de control de la HbA1c<7% y el 15% tienen cifras superiores a HbA1c>8,5%. El control tensional (PA<140/90mmHg) se alcanza en el 87,5% y el control del colesterol LDL<130mg/dl sin antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular es alcanzado por el 88,6% de los casos de DM conocida, y si existen antecedentes de enfermedad macrovascular, el LDL<100mg/dl solo se alcanza en el 42,9% de los casos. El 12,5% son fumadores activos. El 71,4% de los MAP con DM conocida se autotrataban su propia enfermedad, habitualmente con 2 o más fármacos (el 51,4%). El fármaco más utilizado era la metformina (74,3%), seguido por los iDPP4 (el 48,6%). Conclusiones: Los MAP con DM2 tienen un control metabólico algo mejor que la población general. Es necesario estudiar si los pacientes de MAP con DM2 pueden tener una mayor adherencia al tratamiento y alcanzar un mejor control metabólico (AU)
Objective: To describe the prevalence of known and ignored type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among primary care physicians (PCP), as well as the treatment used and the degree of metabolic control reached. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study on national level. The participants were randomly selected PCPs, members of the redGDPS Foundation. A total of 495 PCP were enrolled. Capillary HbA1c measurement was done with a A1CNow+(R) device and a diabetes-related survey specifically designed for the study was administered to the participants. Results: The total prevalence of T2DM was 11.1% (95% CI 8.33-13.9) (known disease 8,1% and ignored disease 3.0%). The prevalence of prediabetes was 16.2% (95% CI 13.0-19.4). A total of 62.5% of PCPs with known T2DM reached HbA1c<7% and 15% had HbA1c>8.5%. Control of blood pressure (BP<140/90mmHg) was reached in 87.5% and control of LDL cholesterol<130mg/dl with no history of cardiovascular disease was reached in 88.6% of cases of known T2DM. In the PCPs with a history of macrovascular disease, good control of LDL was reached in 42.9% of the cases. A total of 12.5% were active smokers. A total of 71.4% of PCPs with known T2DM self-treated their own disease, usually with 2 or more drugs (51.4%). The most commonly used drug was metformin (74.3%) followed by iDPP4 (48.6%). Conclusions: PCPs with T2DM have better metabolic control than the general population. It is necessary to study whether PCPs with T2DM may have greater adherence to treatment and do they achieve a better metabolic control (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Médicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Metabolismo dos CarboidratosRESUMO
The present study investigated the effects of myo-inositol on muscle glucose uptake and intestinal glucose absorption ex vivo as well as in normal and type 2 diabetes model of rats. In ex vivo study, both intestinal glucose absorption and muscle glucose uptake were studied in isolated rat jejunum and psoas muscle respectively in the presence of increasing concentrations (2.5 % to 20 %) of myo-inositol. In the in vivo study, the effect of a single bolus dose (1 g/kg bw) of oral myo-inositol on intestinal glucose absorption, blood glucose, gastric emptying and digesta transit was investigated in normal and type 2 diabetic rats after 1 h of co-administration with 2 g/kg bw glucose, when phenol red was used as a recovery marker. Myo-inositol inhibited intestinal glucose absorption (IC50 = 28.23 ± 6.01 %) and increased muscle glucose uptake, with (GU50 = 2.68 ± 0.75 %) or without (GU50 = 8.61 ± 0.55 %) insulin. Additionally, oral myo-inositol not only inhibited duodenal glucose absorption and reduced blood glucose increase, but also delayed gastric emptying and accelerated digesta transit in both normal and diabetic animals. Results of this study suggest that dietary myo-inositol inhibits intestinal glucose absorption both in ex vivo and in normal or diabetic rats and also promotes muscle glucose uptake in ex vivo condition. Hence, myo-inositol may be further investigated as a possible anti-hyperglycaemic dietary supplement for diabetic foods and food products (AU)
No disponible
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/dietoterapia , Hiperglicemia/dietoterapia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Inositol/farmacologia , Absorção Intestinal , Músculos Psoas , Administração Oral , Transporte Biológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Jejuno , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Insulina/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Metabolismo dos CarboidratosRESUMO
La importancia de las alteraciones metabólicas y su repercusión en los pacientes con VIH requiere un estudio particularizado y actualización continua. A los factores de riesgo presentes en población general se añaden los propios de la infección y/o del tratamiento antirretroviral que obligan a la adecuación de las pautas terapéuticas con fármacos antirretrovirales actualmente disponibles, con un mejor perfil metabólico. Actualmente, las alteraciones metabólicas más comunes de los pacientes con el VIH (resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, hiperlipidemias u osteopenia), así como otros factores de riesgo vascular como la hipertensión arterial, deben tratarse según directrices similares a las de la población general, debiendo insistir en medidas encaminadas a estilos de vida más saludables. El objetivo del presente documento es proporcionar una herramienta de consulta para todos los profesionales que atienden a pacientes con infección por el VIH y que pueden presentar o presentan alguna de las alteraciones metabólicas recogidas en este documento
The importance of the metabolic disorders and their impact on patients with HIV infection requires an individualized study and continuous updating. HIV patients have the same cardiovascular risk factors as the general population. The HIV infection per se increases the cardiovascular risk, and metabolic disorders caused by some antiretroviral drugs are added risk factors. For this reason, the choice of drugs with a good metabolic profile is essential. The most common metabolic disorders of HIV infected-patients (insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia or osteopenia), as well as other factors of cardiovascular risk, such as hypertension, should also be dealt with according to guidelines similar to the general population, as well as insisting on steps to healthier lifestyles. The aim of this document is to provide a query tool for all professionals who treat HIV-patients and who may present or display any metabolic disorders listed in this document
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Exercício Físico , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica , Diabetes Mellitus , Padrões de Prática Médica , Transtornos do Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Fígado GordurosoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La criptococosis meníngea es una de las patologías con mayor mortalidad en pacientes con sida. La diabetes mellitus (DM) comprende un grupo de enfermedades metabólicas que afecta a gran parte de la población mundial. La evolución de las infecciones en pacientes diabéticos ha demostrado ser siempre más grave. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la evolución de pacientes con criptococosis meníngea, DM e infección por VIH, comparándola con la de enfermos VIH-positivos con criptococosis meníngea de similar gravedad, pero no diabéticos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 182 pacientes con diagnóstico de criptococosis meníngea. Fueron seleccionados 28 pacientes con características clinicoepidemiológicas similares, se los dividió en 2 grupos, 14 pacientes con DM (grupo A) y los restantes sin alteraciones en el metabolismo de los glúcidos (grupo B). RESULTADOS: Solo 3/14 pacientes del grupo A (21,4%) lograron la negativización del cultivo de LCR, antes de las 10 semanas de tratamiento. Con respecto al grupo B, esto sucedió en 11/14 enfermos (78,5%). La mortalidad global para el grupo A fue del 85,7% (12/14 pacientes), para el grupo B del 21,4% (3/14 pacientes). En todos los casos los aislamientos de Cryptococcus neoformans resultaron sensibles in vitro a la anfotericina B y al fluconazol. CONCLUSIONES: La vinculación de DM y meningitis por Cryptococcus spp. se asoció a la evolución desfavorable en la gran mayoría de los casos; esto plantea la posibilidad de extender el tratamiento de inducción
INTRODUCTION: Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe AIDS-related infectious disease, with a high mortality rate. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder very common worldwide. Infectious diseases in diabetic patients are always more severe than in non-diabetic ones. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of a group of HIV-positive patients with DM and cryptococcal meningitis with a similar group HIV-positive patients with cryptococcal meningitis, but without DM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 182 clinical records of HIV-positive patients suffering cryptococcal meningitis were reviewed, and 28 of them with similar clinical and epidemiological characteristics, were chosen. They included 14 patients with DM (group A) and the remaining 14 who did not suffer this metabolic disorder (group B). RESULTS: Only 21.4% (3/14 cases) of group A patients had negative CSF cultures after 10 weeks of treatment. In group B patients, 78.5% (11/14 cases) achieved negative CSF cultures before 10 weeks. A higher overall mortality rate was observed in the diabetic patients (85.7%, 12/14 cases) than in the non-diabetic group (21.4%, 3/14 cases). All CSF isolates were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans, and all strains were susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B and fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptococcal meningitis in diabetic patients was associated with a poor clinical outcome and a high mortality rate. A longer treatment induction period is suggested in order to improve the outcome of cryptococcal meningitis in diabetic patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Meningite Criptocócica/complicações , Meningite Criptocócica/diagnóstico , Meningite Criptocócica/microbiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/microbiologia , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/microbiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/tendências , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of myrtenal, a natural monoterpene, for its antihyperglycemic effects and beta cell protective properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of myrtenal at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 28 days resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and an increase in the levels of insulin and hemoglobin (Hb). Protection of body weight loss of diabetic rats by myrtenal was noted. The altered activities of the key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP levels of diabetic rats were significantly improved by the administration of myrtenal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, myrtenal treatment improved hepatic and muscle glycogen content in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies further revealed that the reduced islet cells were restored to near-normal conditions on treatment with myrtenal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. An alteration in liver architecture was also prevented by myrtenal treatment. Our results suggest that myrtenal possess antihyperglycemic and beta cell protective effects. Hence, myrtenal could be considered as a potent phytochemical for development as a new antidiabetic agent (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Pâncreas/fisiopatologia , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Diabetes Mellitus/induzido quimicamente , Estreptozocina/farmacocinética , EucalyptusRESUMO
Thyroid disorders are currently among the most widespread endocrine pathologies, affecting about 3% of the worlds population. Although the thyroid gland interacts with other endocrine organs, including the pituitary and adrenals, the many details of these feedback mechanisms remain obscure. In the relevant literature, no data concerning hypothyroidism-induced remodelling of adrenal gland glycoconjugates were found. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of experimental hypothyroidism on exposure of glycoepitopes in rat adrenal glands by means of lectin histochemistry. Hypothyroidism was induced by daily diet supplementation of experimental animals with 5 mg/kg mercazolil (1-methyl-2-mercapto-imidazole) for 30 days. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded adrenal glands were labelled by lectin-peroxidase conjugates, with subsequent visualization by diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride. The lectin panel included 12 lectins with different carbohydrate affinities (Con A, PSA, LCA, GNA, PFA, LABA, SNA, RCA, WGA, PNA, SBA, HPA).The most significant effects of hypothyroidism were detected in blood vessels. They included dilation of the adrenal medulla vascular bed, perivascular oedema, and increased LABA reactivity of the vascular endothelium of both the cortex and medulla. Hypothyroidism induced decreased exposure of αDMan/αLFuc with simultaneous accumulation of βDGal/ DGalNAc sugar determinants within the cells of the adrenal parenchyma; this phenomenon apparently was dependent on incomplete glycosylation patterns - i.e. impairments in the processing of oligomannosidic type N-glycans and of fucose-containing glycoconjugates. There was also an increased count of spider-like cells with strongly lectin-reactive cytoplasmic granularity in the cortical region of the adrenal glands, presumably due to hypothyroidism-induced uncoupling of biosynthesis and secretion, with subsequent retention of bioactive compounds within these cells. It can be concluded that hypothyroidism has significant effects on adrenal gland glycoconjugates, inducing decreased αDMan/αLFuc and enhanced βDGal/ DGalNAc determinant exposure, accompanied by an imbalance in the synthesis and secretion of physiologically active substances
No disponible
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiopatologia , Lectinas/metabolismo , Histocitoquímica/métodos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Las alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado no conocidas son frecuentes en los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio, sin que exista un consenso en que pacientes estudiar para su identificación precoz. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar qué variables al ingreso se asocian al diagnóstico posterior de una alteración de dicho metabolismo. DISEÑO: Estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Ámbito: Servicio de Medicina Intensiva del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia), España. PACIENTES: Un total de 138 pacientes ingresados en la UCI con infarto agudo de miocardio sin diabetes conocida ni de novo fueron, transcurrido un año, estudiados mediante un test de sobrecarga oral de glucosa. Variables principales: Se recogieron variables clínicas y parámetros analíticos al ingreso y trascurrido un año. Además, al año, se realizó una sobrecarga oral de glucosa y se estudió la capacidad diagnóstica para la diabetes de las variables al ingreso mediante las curvas ROC y análisis multivariable. RESULTADOS: Entre 138 pacientes estudiados, 112 (72,5%) presentaron una alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado, incluido un 16,7% de diabetes. La HbA1c se asoció independientemente con el diagnóstico de diabetes (RR: 7,28, IC 95%: 1,65-32,05, p = 0,009) y presentó la mejor área bajo la curva ROC para diabetes (0,81, IC 95%: 0,69-0,92, p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio, la HbA1c ayuda a identificar aquellos con alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado transcurrido un año. De esta forma, su determinación en este grupo de pacientes puede ser utilizada para identificar a aquellos que precisan un estudio mas detallado para establecer un diagnóstico precoz
OBJECTIVES: Undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism is often seen in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction, although there is no consensus on which patients should be studied with a view to establishing an early diagnosis. The present study examines the potential of certain variables obtained upon admission to diagnose abnormal glucose metabolism. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was carried out. SETTING: The Intensive Care Unit of Arrixaca University Hospital (Murcia), Spain. PATIENTS: A total of 138 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with acute myocardial infarction and without known or de novo diabetes mellitus. After one year, oral glucose tolerance testing was performed. Main outcomes: Clinical and laboratory test parameters were recorded upon admission and one year after discharge. Additionally, after one year, oral glucose tolerance tests were made, and a study was made of the capacity of the variables obtained at admission to diagnose diabetes, based on the ROC curves and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of the 138 patients, 112 (72.5%) had glucose metabolic alteration, including 16.7% with diabetes. HbA1c was independently associated with a diagnosis of diabetes (RR: 7.28, 95% CI 1.65 to 32.05, P = .009), and showed the largest area under the ROC curve for diabetes (0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.92, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute myocardial infarction, HbA1c helps identify those individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism after one year. Thus, its determination in this group of patients could be used to identify those subjects requiring a more exhaustive study in order to establish an early diagnosis
Assuntos
Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Estudos Prospectivos , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
El hígado es un órgano con funciones importantes que influyen directamente en el estado nutricional y fisiológico de las personas. En presencia de cualquier enfermedad o lesión en dicho órgano, la cirrosis hepática representa la fase final. Quienes padecen esta patologÍa tienen disminuida la utilización y capacidad de almacenamiento de carbohidratos, además de un aumento en el catabolismo de proteínas y grasas. Esta situación, sumada a una baja ingesta y mala absorción de nutrientes, provoca que en esta población los índices de malnutrición sean elevados. Muchos estudios demuestran la importancia de un tratamiento nutricional oportuno a estos pacientes, trayendo consigo beneficios generales en la calidad de vida. Es importante conocer los riesgos y posibles deficiencias nutricionales que estos pacientes pueden presentar a lo largo de la enfermedad para poder tomar medidas preventivas al respecto. El tratamiento y asesoría nutricional en los pacientes cirróticos es trascendental tanto en fase compensada (sin complicaciones), como fase descompensada(con complicaciones) (AU)
The liver is an important organ with specific functions that influence directly on the nutritional and physiological status of every person. At the presence of any illnessor injury in this organ, liver cirrhosis is always its final phase. In this pathology, patients present carbohydrate utilization and storage diminishment, as well as protein and fat catabolism increase. This situation, plus a low ingest and a bad nutrient absorption, results in a high prevalence of malnutrition. Many studies prove the importance of an opportune nutritional treatment in these patients, bringing general benefits and improving their quality of life. Its important to considerate the possible nutritional risks and deficiencies that could appear in the course of the cirrhosis to take opportune actions. The nutritional assessment and treatment is transcendental both in compensated phase (without complications) and in decompensated phase (with complications) of the illness (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/dietoterapia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Avaliação Nutricional , Desnutrição/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: Desde la infancia y la adolescencia pueden aparecer alteraciones en el metabolismo de los lípidos e hidratos de carbono junto con alteraciones en la nutrición, y servir como marcadores cuya identificación en etapas tempranas de la vida puede menguar el desarrollo de episodios patológicos (diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cardiopatías, nefropatías). Sonora (México) es uno de los Estados con mayor prevalencia nacional de obesidad en edades tempranas y de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas y sus complicaciones. Por tal motivo nos propusimos determinar el perfil metabólico y el estado de nutrición en adolescentes de 15-18 años de una comunidad de Sonora. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, de 56 adolescentes de 15-18 años de edad, en quienes se determinó el peso, la talla, el índice de masa corporal, la glucemia, el perfil lipídico, los valores de insulina y el índice de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR), tomando como punto de corte 3,16 para considerar resistencia a la insulina (RI). Resultados: De los 56 adolescentes, 25 (44,6%) eran de sexo masculino y 31 (55,4%) de sexo femenino. La prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad era del 32,1%. Un 17,9% presentaba RI, un 33,3% un índice cintura de cadera elevado, un 8,9% colesterol elevado, un 16,1% triglicéridos elevados, un 25% una disminución de HDL, un 12,3% insulina elevada y solamente el 1,6% glucosa elevada. El 44,4% de los pacientes con sobrepeso-obesidad presentó RI. Conclusión: Uno de cada 4 adolescentes presenta, por lo menos, alguna alteración en el perfil metabólico, y 1 de cada 3 en el estado de nutrición (AU)
Introduction: Alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism coupled with changes in nutrition, may appear in childhood and adolescence and which serve as markers to identify early in life may reduce the development of pathological events (type 2 diabetes, heart disease, nephropathy). Sonora, Mexico, is one of the states with the highest national prevalence of obesity at an early age, and chronic degenerative diseases and their complications. Therefore we decided to determine the metabolic profile and nutritional status in adolescents 15 to 18 years in a community of Sonora, Mexico. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional survey of 56 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years who were weight, height, body mass index, glycemia, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR (resistance index insulin) taking as cutoff consider 3.16 for IR (insulin resistance). Results: Of the 56 teenagers got 25 (44.6%) males and 31 (55.4%) female; prevalence of overweight-obesity 32.1%, 17.9% had IR; 33.3% waist hip ratio high, 8.9% high cholesterol, 16.1% triglycerides, 25% decrease in HDL, high insulin 12.3% and only 1.6% high glucose. The 44.4% of patients with overweight-obesity presents IR. Conclusion: 1 in 4 teens has at least some alteration in the metabolic profile and 1 in 3 in the state of nutrition (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso-Estatura , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologiaRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Dermatomiosite/complicações , Lipodistrofia/complicações , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Metabolismo dos CarboidratosRESUMO
La investigación en modelos animales ha demostrado el papel de la osteocalcina, marcador de formación ósea, en la regulación del metabolismo energético. Estos trabajos han dado lugar a un nuevo concepto del hueso como órgano endocrino mediante la secreción de osteocalcina, que actúa incrementando la secreción de insulina, disminuyendo la glucosa plasmática, así como aumentando la sensibilidad a la insulina y el gasto energético. Los resultados en humanos han sido diversos y en ocasiones contradictorios. Por otro lado, los fármacos antirresortivos frente a la osteoporosis disminuyen los niveles de osteocalcina mientras que los osteoanabólicos la incrementan. No obstante, no se han investigado los efectos de estas terapias sobre el metabolismo energético (AU)
Research in animal models has demonstrated the role of osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, in regulation of energy metabolism. Those studies have led to a new concept of the bone acting as an endocrine organ by secreting osteocalcin, which acts by increasing insulin secretion, lowering plasma glucose, and increasing insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. Results in humans have been conflicting. On the other hand, antiresorptive drugs used against osteoporosis decrease osteocalcin levels, while anabolic drugs increase osteocalcin levels. However, the effects of these therapies on energy metabolism have not been investigated (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Osteocalcina , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Osteoporose/fisiopatologia , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Available experimental data suggest that adiponectin and thyroid hormones have biological interaction in vivo. However, the effects of thyroid hormones on adipose adiponectin gene expression in thyroid dysfunction are unclear. We induced hyper- (HYPER) and hypothyroidism (HYPO) by daily administration of a 12 mg/l of levothyroxine and 250 mg/l of methimazole in drinking water of rats, respectively, for 42 days. The white adipose tissues and serum sample were taken on days 15, 28, 42 and also 2 weeks after treatment cessation. Analysis of adiponectin gene expression was performed by real-time PCR and 2−ÄÄct method. The levels of adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA in the HYPO rats were decreased during the 6-week treatment when compared to control rats (<0.05) and were increased significantly 2 weeks after HYPO cessation (P < 0.05). This decline in adiponectin gene expression occurred in parallel with a decrease in T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations (P < 0.05). In opposite to HYPO rats, adipose adiponectin gene expression was increased in HYPER rats during the 6-week treatment in parallel with an increase the thyroid hormones concentrations (P < 0.05), and its expression was decreased 2 weeks after HYPER cessation (P < 0.05). Adiponectin gene expression levels showed significant negative correlations with concentrations of LDL (HYPO; r = −0.806, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.749, P = 0.002), triglyceride (HYPO; r = −0.825, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.824, P = 0.001) and significant positive correlations with concentrations of glucose (HYPO; r = 0.674, P = 0.004 and HYPER; r = 0.866, P = 0.001) and HDL (HYPO; r = 0.755, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = 0.839, P = 0.001). The current study provides evidence that adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue is regulated by thyroid hormones at the translation level and that lipid and carbohydrate disturbances in a patient with thyroid dysfunction may be, in part, due to adiponectin gene expression changes (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Adiponectina , Tecido Adiposo , Hormônios Tireóideos/farmacocinética , Expressão Gênica , Hipertireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologiaRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus (DM) currently belongs to the most widespread human pathologies, affecting about 4% of the world adult population. Despite the pivotal role of the liver in the development of metabolic disorders, the influence of DM on hepatic glycoconjugates remains obscure. The aim of the present investigation was to use a set of lectins with different carbohydrate affinities to investigate impairment in rat liver glycoconjugates influenced by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. The lectin panel included 7 conventional lectins - Con A, SNA, RCA, WGA, PNA, SBA, and HPA, supplemented with the original fucose-specific lectin preparation from Laburnum anagyroides bark (LABA). Tissue samples were fixed in 4% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, and subjected to lectin-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine staining. In control rats a strong reactivity against Con A, LABA, SBA and SNA with cytoplasmic granularities of hepatocytes was detected, while RCA, WGA and HPA showed a strong reactivity with vascular endothelium, and WGA and HPA with bile capillaries. Experimental diabetes was associated with a redistribution of Con A and LABA receptor sites from centrolobular hepatocytes to hepatocytes with peripheral localization. Among the most remarkable observations was DMinduced exposure of lectin reactivity with hepatocyte and endothelial cell nuclei. The endothelial lining of sinusoidal hemocapillaries, of central veins, and portal tract vessels also displayed a significant and differential rearrangement of carbohydrate determinants when influenced by DM. Diabetes-induced activation of Kupffer cells was accompanied by the expression of SNA, PNA and SBA receptor sites within the cytoplasm of these cells, which was lectin-negative in control specimens. The results reported provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of DM-induced impairment of hepatic carbohydrates, and demonstrate the applicability of the original fucose-specific lectin preparation to experimental histopathology (AU)
No disponible
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/fisiologia , Ratos , Modelos Animais , Lectinas , Laburnum , Extratos Vegetais , Aglutininas/análiseRESUMO
Introducción La obesidad infanto-juvenil está sufriendo un incremento desmesurado en todo el mundo. Junto con ella, también se encuentran otras alteraciones que conllevan un importante riesgo cardiometabólico en la edad adulta, como son las alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono. Objetivo Consistió en establecer la prevalencia de prediabetes, definida como glucemia basal alterada (GBA) y/o intolerancia a hidratos de carbono (IHC) tras sobrecarga oral de glucosa, así como la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM-2) en una población infanto-juvenil con obesidad grave. Asimismo, se evaluaron las diferencias clínico-metabólicas entre pacientes prediabéticos frente a sujetos obesos sin prediabetes. Material y métodos Estudio transversal descriptivo en niños y adolescentes con obesidad grave (> percentil 97). Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, talla, peso, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura (CC), glucemia basal y tras sobrecarga oral de glucosa, insulinemia, resistencia a la insulina medida mediante el índice homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), triglicéridos, colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), tensión arterial sistólica y tensión arterial diastólica. Resultados Se reclutaron 133 pacientes, 67 varones (50,4%) y 66 mujeres (49,6%), con edad (..) (AU)
Introduction There is currently a disproportionate increase in childhood and adolescent obesity worldwide, together with other disorders involving substantial cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, such as alterations in carbohydrate metabolism. Objective To establish the prevalence of prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after an oral glucose tolerance test, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) in a pediatric population with severe obesity. Additionally, we aimed to assess clinical metabolic differences between prediabetic obese patients and obese subjects without prediabetes. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in children and adolescents with severe obesity (>97th percentile). The variables studied were age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test, insulinemia, insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results A total of 133 patients were included: 67 boys (50.4%) and 66 girls (..) (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Estado Pré-Diabético/epidemiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Glicemia/análiseRESUMO
Introducción: El receptor activado por proliferadores de peroxisomas (PPARγ2) es un factor de transcripción adipogénico que influye en la resistencia a la insulina (RI) en la presencia de agonistas como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI). Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de la grasa de la dieta en el metabolismo glucídico de mujeres con obesidad mórbida y con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas 25 mujeres con genotipo Pro12Pro. La ingesta habitual de lípidos fue estimada por registros alimentarios, siendo utilizada para la división de los grupos, GA (hasta un 30% del valor energético total (VET)) y GB (por encima de un 30% del VET). Fueron realizadas evaluaciones bioquímicas y antropométricas en ayuno, siguiendo la comida test rica en AGPI n-6 y los análisis bioquímicos postprandiales en GA y GB. La RI y la sensibilidad a la insulina (SI) fueron evaluadas por HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) y QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectivamente. Resultados y discusión: GA presentó HOMA-IR y QUICKI normales. GB presentó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), HOMA-IR, ingesta de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) y monoinsaturados (AGMI) superiores a GA (p < 0,05). En GB, los AGMI se correlacionaron negativamente con HOMA-IR, glucosa e insulina en ayuno, y positivamente con QUICKI. Los lípidios totales y AGS contribuyeron al aumento de la masa corporal y RI. Sin embargo, los AGMI parecen reducir el impacto de la dieta hiperlipídica en el metabolismo glucídico. Se propone que mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARγ2 eviten dietas ricas en lípidos y AGS, priorizando AGMI para el control de la obesidad y mejora de la SI (AU)
Introduction: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) is an adipogenic transcription factor that influences in insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of agonists such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Objective: Evaluate the influence of dietary fat in glicidic metabolism in morbidly obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the gene PPARγ2. Methods: Were selected 25 women with genotype Pro12Pro. The fat intake was estimated by food records, being used for the division of groups, GA (until 30% of the total energy expenditure (TEE)) and GB (greater than 30% of the TEE). Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were conducted in fasting, following the test meal high in n-6 PUFA and postprandial biochemical evaluations. IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) were assessed by HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectively. Results and discussion: GA presented normal HOMAIR and QUICKI. GB presented higher body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) intake higher, compared with GA (p < 0.05). In GA, the MUFA intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and insulin, and positively with QUICKI. The fat and SFA intake contributed to the increase in body mass and IR. However, MUFA intake may have reduced the impact of high fat diet in glicidic metabolism. It is suggested that obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the PPARγ2 gene avoid high fat and SFA diets, prioritizing MUFA for controlling obesity and improving the IS (AU)