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1.
Int. microbiol ; 22(2): 217-225, jun. 2019. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184828

RESUMO

Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated in the current study along with the expression levels of laccase genes involved in biodegradation under variable conditions. Biodegradation of PAHs (naphthalene, anthracene, and 1,10-phenanthroline) was detected spectrophotometrically. Recorded data revealed that biodegradation of the tested PAHs was time dependent. Elevated level of naphthalene biodegradation (86.47%) was observed compared to anthracene (27.87%) and 1,10-phenanthroline (24.51%) within 3 days post incubation. Naphthalene was completely degraded within 5 days. Further incubation enhanced the biodegradation of both anthracene and 1,10-phenanthroline until reaches 93.69% and 92.00% biodegradation of the initial concentration within an incubation period of 11 and 14 days, respectively. Naphthalene was selected as a PAH model. HPLC and thin layer chromatography of naphthalene biodegradation products at time intervals proposed that naphthalene was first degraded to alpha- and ß-naphthol which was further metabolized to salicylic and benzoic acid. The metabolic pathway of naphthalene degradation by this fungus was elucidated based on the detected metabolites. The expression profile of six laccase isomers was evaluated using real-time PCR. The transcriptome of the fungal laccase isomers recorded higher levels of transcription under optimized fermentation conditions especially in presence of both naphthalene and Tween 80. The accumulation of such useful metabolites from the biodegradation of PAH pollutants recommended white rot fungus as a potential candidate for production of platform chemicals from PAH wastes


No disponible


Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Lacase/biossíntese , Naftalenos/metabolismo , Pleurotus/enzimologia , Pleurotus/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Lacase/genética , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Espectrofotometria , Fatores de Tempo
2.
Int. microbiol ; 22(2): 227-237, jun. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184829

RESUMO

Chicken feather waste is generally insufficiently utilized despite its high content of protein, constituting an environmental issue. Biodegradation of the waste with enabling microbes provides an advantageous option among the available solutions. In this study, an efficient whole feather-degrading strain was strategically isolated from a soil sample taken from a local tea plantation that has little or nothing to do with feathers. The strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis (designated as FDB-10) according to the cloned complete 16S rRNA sequence. The FDB-10 could efficiently degrade briefly heat-treated whole feather (102 °C, 5 min; up to 90% of a maximum concentration of 30 g/L) in a salt medium supplemented with 0.1 g/L yeast extract within 24 h (37°C, 150 rpm). Addition of carbon sources (glycerol, glucose, starch, Tween 20, Tween 80, 1.25 g/L as glycerol) to the fermentation medium could improve the degradation. However, significant inhibition could be observed when the added carbon source reached the amount usually adopted in the investigation of carbon source preference (1%). Nitrogen source (NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, peptone) adversely influenced the performance of the strain. When the molar concentrations of NH4+ were equal for the two salt, the inhibitory effect on degradation of whole feathers was similar. Entirely different from other reported feather-degrading strains showing a preference to melanin-free feather substrates, the strain isolated in this study could degrade melanin-containing feather equally efficiently, and higher protease activity could be detected in the digest mix. As a plus, the strain could degrade feathers in rice wash produced in daily cooking, indicating its potential use in the simultaneous treatment of rice cooker wastewater produced by a rice processing plant. All these results imply that the FDB-10 is a strain with great potential in the biodegradation of feather waste


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus thuringiensis/isolamento & purificação , Plumas/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Biotransformação , Bacillus thuringiensis/metabolismo , Bacillus thuringiensis/classificação , Galinhas , Análise por Conglomerados , Meios de Cultura , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico , Resíduos Industriais , Queratinas/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Chá/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Temperatura
3.
Int. microbiol ; 22(1): 103-110, mar. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184818

RESUMO

Two ascomycete strains were isolated from creosote-contaminated railway sleeper wood. By using a polyphasic approach combining morpho-physiological observations of colonies with molecular tools, the strains were identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. (IBPPM 543, MUT 4558; GenBank accession no. MG593980) and Lecanicillium aphanocladii Zare & W. Gams (IBPPM 542, MUT 242; GenBank accession no. MG593981). Both strains degraded hazardous pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anthraquinone-type dyes, and oil. Oil was better degraded by F. oxysporum, but the aromatic compounds were better degraded by L. aphanocladii. With both strains, the degradation products of anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluorene were 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, and 9-fluorenone, respectively. During pollutant degradation, F. oxysporum and L. aphanocladii produced an emulsifying compound(s). Both fungi produced extracellular Mn-peroxidases, enzymes possibly involved in the fungal degradation of the pollutants. This is the first report on the ability of L. aphanocladii to degrade four-ring PAHs, anthraquinone-type dyes, and oil, with the simultaneous production of an extracellular Mn-peroxidase


No disponible


Assuntos
Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Hypocreales/isolamento & purificação , Óleos/metabolismo , Madeira/microbiologia , Microbiologia Ambiental , Hypocreales/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Enzimas/análise , Hypocreales/classificação
4.
Int. microbiol ; 22(1): 155-167, mar. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184823

RESUMO

Lindane contamination in different environmental compartments is still posing a serious threat to our environment and effective measures need to be taken for the detoxification of lindane. Soil bacteria isolated from agricultural fields are known to possess certain plant growth promoting traits like the production of phytohormones, production of ammonia, nitrogen fixation and solubilization of phosphorus, etc. In the present study, an indigenous bacterial strain Paracoccus sp. NITDBR1 have been isolated from an agricultural field in Manipur, India which could grow on 100 mg L−1 lindane as the sole source of carbon and could degrade up to 90% of lindane in mineral salt media under liquid culture conditions in 8 days. The strain NITDBR1 was able to form biofilm in lindane media and the addition of substrate like glucose and sucrose enhanced the biofilm formation by 1.3 and 1.17-fold respectively in 3 days. The strain NITDBR1 could produce glycolipid and glycoprotein based biosurfactants. It was also found to possess plant growth promoting traits like nitrogen fixation and indole-3-acetic acid production to assist crop production. The phytotoxicity studies carried out on mustard seeds revealed that the degradation products formed after treatment with NITDBR1 could lower the toxicity of lindane for root elongation by 1.3-fold. Therefore, strain NITDBR1 could be useful for the bioremediation of soil contaminated with lindane with lesser damage to the environment, biofilm forming ability may help the bacteria survive under stressed environmental conditions, and biosurfactant production will help in increasing the bioavailability of contaminants. The plant growth promoting traits can be beneficial for agriculture. With such soil friendly activities coupled with pesticide degradation, this strain can be used for environmental as well as agricultural applications


No disponible


Assuntos
Hexaclorocicloexano/metabolismo , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Mostardeira/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paracoccus/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biotransformação , Índia , Microbiologia do Solo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas , Paracoccus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paracoccus/isolamento & purificação , Tensoativos
5.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 20(10): 1353-357, oct. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-173724

RESUMO

Although oxaliplatin (Oxali) plays a key role in the treatment of many types of cancer and has been reported to be an irritant, there is no specific and effective method for its extravasation and failure in Oxali extravasation management results in the need for plastic surgery. In the body, Oxali bio-transforms upon dilution in chloride-containing buffer salts to its di-chloro derivative and loses an oxalate molecule. Consequently, the chloride ions exchange with water molecules in the intracellular environment to produce the di-aqua derivative, which is the most active biotransformation product of Oxali in terms of forming the DNA adducts. Thus, inhibiting transformation of di-chloro to di-aqua derivatives by accumulating chloride ions at the site of extravasation and saturating the Oxali molecule with these ions is a strategy that could help manage extravasation. Injecting normal saline at this site is a simple yet effective way to achieve this goal


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Platina/efeitos adversos , Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos/terapia , Neoplasias/complicações , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Biotransformação/fisiologia
6.
J. physiol. biochem ; 74(1): 69-83, feb. 2018. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-178919

RESUMO

Gut bacteria play an important role in several metabolic processes and human diseases, such as obesity and accompanying co-morbidities, such as fatty liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes, and cardiovascular events. Among other factors, dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and non-dietary factors, such as stress, age, exercise, and climatic conditions, can dramatically impact the human gut microbiota equilibrium and diversity. However, the effect of minor food constituents, including food additives and trace contaminants, on human gut microbiota has received less attention. Consequently, the present review aimed to provide an objective perspective of the current knowledge regarding the impacts of minor food constituents on human gut microbiota and consequently, on human health


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Disbiose/etiologia , Aditivos Alimentares/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Saúde Global , Biotransformação , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Disbiose/fisiopatologia , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade
7.
Pharm. care Esp ; 19(2): 93-99, 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-161964

RESUMO

Una paciente habitual de nuestra farmacia comunitaria nos consulta acerca de un cuadro de astenia, debilidad y fatiga de varias semanas de evolución. Tras realizar el estado de situación inicial y estudiar el caso detectamos varios problemas relacionados con medicamentos, siendo una marcada bradicardia el más acuciante. El estudio en detalle de la farmacoterapia de la paciente revela que la fracción de timolol absorbida tras su instilación ocular, que emplea para tratar su hipertensión ocular, podría ser responsable de una acusada disminución de su frecuencia cardiaca. Dicha bradicardia puede ser especialmente significativa en personas de edad avanzada y en individuos que, como consecuencia del polimorfismo de la enzima responsable del metabolismo de timolol, expresan un determinado genotipo con menor capacidad de biotransformación. Intervenimos indicando a la paciente la conveniencia de que su médico valorase otras opciones para el tratamiento de la hipertensión ocular. Tras una visita a urgencias por el agravamiento de los síntomas, se constata la bradicardia severa y el betabloqueante es sustituido por un tratamiento alternativo (latanoprost). La intervención farmacéutica resulta en la retirada de timolol, la remisión de los síntomas y en la resolución de dos problemas relacionados con medicamentos


A 78-year-old woman who is patient of our community pharmacy asked for our advice. She has been experiencing symptoms such as asthenia, weakness and fatigue for some weeks. The patient was interviewed and main data concerning her pharmacological treatment were collected in an assessment form. Several negative outcomes associated with her medication were detected from which bradycardia was the main matter of concern. A more detailed study of the case revealed that timolol eye drops, which our patient used to treat intraocular hypertension, were systemically absorbed and, thus, may cause adverse cardiovascular effects such as decreased heart rate. Bradycardia may be specially severe in aged persons, in cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 poor metabolizers and in patients taking concomitant enzyme inhibitors. Finally, we issued a report in which we strongly recommend the patient to seek medical advice from her primary care physician in order to find an alternative to timolol treatment. The patient visited the local hospital emergency unit because of an increase on her symptoms. After diagnosing severe bradycardia, a medical emergency team withdrew timolol eyedrops and prescribed an alternative treatment (latanoprost). A few days after our intervention heart rate was normal, initial symptoms were no present and two main negative outcomes associated with her medication had been solved


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Bradicardia/tratamento farmacológico , Timolol/uso terapêutico , Instilação de Medicamentos , Farmácia/métodos , Biotransformação , Tratamento Farmacológico , Hipertensão Ocular/tratamento farmacológico
8.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 39(2): 101-113, mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-133965

RESUMO

Antecedentes El uso de propranolol se ha propuesto para atenuar la respuesta hipermetabólica del paciente quemado. Objetivos Revisar los estudios publicados hasta diciembre de 2013 que analizan los efectos del propranolol en el paciente quemado. Métodos Se aplicaron los términos «burns», «thermal injury», «betablocker» y «propranolol», con los filtros «human» y «English» y «Spanish» en el buscador Pubmed. Se identificaron 42 artículos de los que 15 eran ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Se resumen los resultados principales de estos artículos. Resultados principales El propranolol ajustado para lograr una frecuencia cardiaca un 20% menor a la basal (4-6mg/kg/día por vía enteral) disminuye la termogénesis suprafisiológica, el trabajo cardiaco, el gasto energético en reposo y la lipólisis periférica. Aumenta la eficiencia de la síntesis proteica muscular y disminuye la acreción de masa central. La mayor parte de estudios han sido realizados en niños. Conclusiones El propranolol atenúa la respuesta hipermetabólica del paciente quemado pediátrico. Son necesarios más estudios sobre su efecto en la población adulta (AU)


Background The use of propranolol has been proposed to reduce the hypermetabolic response of patients with burn injuries. Objectives To review the studies published up to December 2013 on the effects of propranolol in burn patients. Methods A PubMed search was conducted using the terms «burns», «thermal injury», «beta-blocker» and «propranolol», with the filters «human» and «English» and «Spanish». A total of 42 citations were retrieved, 15 of which were randomized clinical trials. The main results are summarized. Main results Propranolol at doses adjusted to decrease the heart rate by 20% of the baseline value (4-6mg/kg/day p.o.) reduces supraphysiological thermogenesis, cardiac work, resting energy expenditure and peripheral lipolysis. It likewise increases the efficiency of muscular protein synthesis and reduces central mass accretion. Most studies have been conducted in pediatric burn patients. Conclusions Propranolol reduces the hypermetabolic response in pediatric burn patients. More studies on its effects in adult burn patients are needed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Propranolol/farmacocinética , Queimaduras/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo Energético , Biotransformação , Queimaduras/metabolismo , Catecolaminas/análise , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Hormônio do Crescimento/uso terapêutico
9.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(6): 275-283, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106335

RESUMO

Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina precede y predice la presencia de diabetes mellitustipo 2, condición que supone un notable incremento del riesgo cardiovascular. La interleucina-6es uno de los mediadores que relacionan la inflamación crónica observada en estados de obesidad con la resistencia a la insulina a través de la activación de STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), con el consiguiente aumento de SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokinesignaling 3) en el hígado. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar si un agonista del receptor activado por proliferadores peroxisómicos (PPAR) / , GW501516, es capaz de evitar la activación de la vía de senalización IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 y la resistencia a la insulina en células hepáticas. Material y métodos: Células HepG2 humanas se estimularon con IL-6 (20 ng/ml) en presenciao en ausencia de GW501516 (10 M). También analizamos el hígado de ratones salvajes y con deficiencia PPAR / . Los niveles de ARNm y proteínas se analizaron mediante las técnicas deRT-PCR y Western-Blot, respectivamente. Resultados: GW501516 evitó la fosforilación en Tyr705 y en Ser727 de STAT3 y el aumento deSOCS3 inducidas por la IL-6. Asimismo, el tratamiento con este fármaco evitó la activación por la IL-6 de la ERK1/2, una serina-treonina cinasa implicada en la fosforilación de STAT3 enSer727. Cabe destacar que el hígado de ratones deficientes en PPAR / mostró un aumento (..) (AU)


Introduction: Insulin resistance precedes and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease which increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Interleukin (IL)-6 is one of the mediators linking obesity-derived chronic inflammation with insulin resistance through activation of STAT3, with subsequent up regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)in liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) / agonist GW501516 prevented activation of the IL-6/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway and insulin resistance in hepatic cells. Material and methods: Human HepG2 cells were stimulated for 10 min with IL-6 (20 ng/mL)in the presence or in the absence of 10 M GW501516, then mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by RT-PCR or Western-Blot, respectively. In addition, we also analyzed protein levels from PPAR / null mice and wild-type mice livers. Results: GW501516 prevented IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation on Tyr705 and Ser727 and avoided the increase in SOCS3 caused by this cytokine. In addition, this drug also preventedIL-6-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, a serine-threonine protein kinase involved in STAT3phosphorylation on Ser727. Interestingly, livers from PPAR / null mice showed increased phosphorylations on Tyr 705 and Ser727 of STAT3 as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels. Finally, all (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Proliferadores de Peroxissomos/farmacocinética , Resistência à Insulina , Hepatócitos/metabolismo , Biotransformação/fisiologia , Interleucina-6/farmacocinética , Fosforilação Oxidativa , Citocinas/farmacocinética
10.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(2): 311-316, mar.-abr. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-94577

RESUMO

Abnormal surface expression of HLA-DR by leukocytes is associated with a poor prognosis in critical care patients. Critical care patients often receive total parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsion (LE). In this study we evaluated the influence of fish oil LE (FO) on human monocyte/macrophage (Mφ) expression of surface HLA-DR under distinct activation states. Mononuclear leukocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers (n=18) were cultured for 24 hours without LE (control) or with 3 different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5%) of the follow LE: a) pure FO b) FO in association (1:1-v/v) with LE composed of 50% medium-chain trygliceride and 50% soybean oil (MCTSO), and c) pure MCTSO. The leukocytes were also submitted to different cell activation states, as determinate by addition time: no INF-γ addition, 18 hours before, or at the time of LE addition. HLA-DR expression on Mφ surface was evaluated by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. In relation to controls (for 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%: 100) FO decreased the expression of HLA-DR when added alone [in simultaneously-activated Mφ, for 0.1%: 70 (59 ± 73); for 0.25%: 51 (48 ± 56); and for 0.5%: 52.5 (50 ± 58)] or in association with MCTSO [in simultaneously-activated Mφ, for 0.1%: 50.5 (47 ± 61); for 25%: 49 (45 ± 52); and for 0.5%: 51 (44 ± 54) and in previously-activated Mf, for 1.0%: 63 (44 ± 88); for 0.25%: 70 (41 ± 88); and for 0.5%: 59.5 (39 ± 79)] in culture medium (Friedman p < 0.05). In relation to controls (for 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%: 100), FO did not influence the expression of these molecules on non-activated Mφ [for 0.1%: 87.5 (75±93); for 0.25%: 111 (98 ± 118); and for 0.5%: 101.5 (84 ± 113)]. Results show that parenteral FO modulates the expression of HLA-DR on human Mφ surface accordingly to leukocyte activation state. Further clinical studies evaluating the ideal moment of fish oil LE infusion to modulate leukocyte functions may contribute to a better understanding of its immune modulatory properties (AU)


La expresión anómala del HLA-DR sobre la superficie de los leucocitos se asocia con un pronóstico sombrío en pacientes críticos. A menudo, estos pacientes reciben nutrición parenteral total con una emulsión lipídica (EL). En este estudio, evaluamos la influencia de una EL de aceite de pescado (AP) en la expresión del HLA-DR en la superficie de monocitos/macrófagos humanos (MΦ) bajo diferentes estados de activación. Se cultivaron leucocitos mononucleares de sangre periférica de voluntarios sanos (n = 18) durante 24 horas sin la EL (control) o con 3 concentraciones distintas (0,1, 0,25 y 0,5%) de la siguiente EL: a) AP puro b) AP en asociación con EL (1:1 v/v) compuesta de 50% de triglicéridos de cadena media y 50% de aceite de soja (TCMAS), y c) TCMAS puro. También sometimos a los leucocitos a diferentes estados de activación celular, determinado por INF-γ tiempo de adición: no INF-γ adición 18 horas antes, o en el momento de añadir la EL. La expresión del HLA-DR sobre la superficie de los MΦ se evaluó mediante citometría de flujo utilizando anticuerpos monoclonales específicos. En relación con los controles (para 0,1%, 0,25% y 0,5%: 100) el AP disminuyó la expresión de HLA-DR cuando se añadía solo [en MΦ activados simultáneamente, para 0,1%: 70 (59 ± 73); para 0,25%: 51 (48 ± 56); y para 0,5%: 52.5 (50 ± 58)] o en asociación con TCMAS [en MΦ activados simultáneamente para 0,1%: 50,5 (47 ± 61); para 0,25%:(45 ± 52); y para 0,5%: 51 (44 ± 54) y en MΦ previamente activados para 0,1%: 63 (44 ± 88); para 0,25%: 70 (41 ± 88); y para 0,5%: 59,5 (39 ± 79)] en el medio de cultivo (Friedman p < 0,05). Con respecto a los controles, (para 0,1%, 0,25% y 0,5%: 100), el AP no influyó en la expresión de estas moléculas en MΦ no activados [para 0,1%: 87,5 (75 ± 93); para 0,25%: 111 (98 ± 118); y para 0,5%: 101,5 (84 ± 113)]. Los resultados muestran que el AP parenteral modula la expresión del HLA-DR sobre la superficie de los MΦ humanos en función del estado de activación leucocitaria. Estudios clínicos adicionales que evalúen el momento idóneo de añadir la infusión de EL con aceite de pescado para modular las funciones leucocitarias podrían contribuir a entender mejor sus propiedades inmunomoduladoras (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Monócitos , Macrófagos , Óleos de Peixe/metabolismo , Infusões Parenterais , Biotransformação/fisiologia
11.
Trauma (Majadahonda) ; 21(1): 33-38, ene.-mar. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-84350

RESUMO

Objetivo del trabajo: Describir el metabolismo óseo a lo largo de la adolescencia, según la edad y el desarrollo puberal en adolescentes. Material (pacientes) y método: El análisis de los marcadores de metabolismo óseo se realizó a partir de muestras de suero con osteocalcina (OC; n=95), propeptido aminoterminal del procolágeno de tipo 1 (P1NP; n=87) y C-telopépidos Beta-isomerizados (Beta-CTX; n=65)] y de orina [Beta-CTX (n=209)] que se analizaron mediante inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia. Resultados: La concentración de los marcadores de formación y resorción ósea eran más altos en los chicos y las chicas menos desarrollados comparado con los grupos de mayor desarrollo puberal (p < 0.05), excepto ‚-CTX (en orina) en chicos (p = 0,105). Sin embargo, la osteocalcina no mostró una tendencia significativa en chicos (p = 0.264) al agrupar por edades. Los chicos adolescentes presentaron un remodelado óseo superior al de las chicas. Conclusiones: Los chicos adolescentes presentaron un remodelado óseo superior al de las chicas, lo que sugiere una mayor actividad metabólica de éstos durante la adolescencia (AU)


Objetives: To describe bone metabolism throughout adolescence, according to age and pubertal development. Material and methods: Bone metabolism markers were analysed on serum [Osteocalcin (n=95), aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP, n=87) and ‚-isomerised C-telopeptides (Beta-CTX, n=65)] and urine samples [Beta-CTX (n=209)] by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: bone formation and resorption biomarkers concentration were higher in males and females with lower pubertal development compared with those groups with higher development (p < 0.05), except urine ‚- CTX in males (p = 0,105). Osteocalcin did not show a significant trend in males (p = 0.264) when grouping by age. Males had an increased bone turnover compared to females. Conclusions: Males showed an increased bone turnover compared to females, suggesting higher metabolic activity during adolescence (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Osteocalcina , Medições Luminescentes/instrumentação , Medições Luminescentes/tendências , Medições Luminescentes , Biomarcadores , Biotransformação , Índice de Massa Corporal
12.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 27(supl.2): 27-31, dic. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-179467

RESUMO

Etravirina (ETR) es un fármaco perteneciente a la familia de los inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no análogos de nucleósidos (ITINAN), con actividad antiviral en situaciones de resistencia a los ITINAN de primera generación. Las interacciones farmacológicas producidas por ETR se deben a su efecto dual sobre el sistema CYP450. Es inductor de la actividad de CYP3A4 e inhibidor de la de CYP2C9 y CYP2C19. ETR presenta escasas interacciones farmacológicas clínicamente significativas, entre las que destacan los inhibidores de la proteasa sin potenciar, los ITINAN efavirenz y nevirapina, ritonavir a dosis plena y tipranavir/ritonavir. La interacción con fosamprenavir/ritonavir no es clínicamente significativa, aunque hay una escasa variación de sus valores plasmáticos al administrarse de manera conjunta con ETR. No presenta interacciones con darunavir/ritonavir


Etravirine (ETR) belongs to the family of non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), with antiviral activity in patients with resistance to first-generation NNRTIs. The drug interactions caused by ETR are due to its dual effect on the CYP450 system. ETR acts as an inducer of CYP3A4 and inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. This drug shows few clinically significant drug interactions, the most important of which involve the unboosted protease inhibitors, the NNRTIs efavirenz and nevirapine, full-dose ritonavir and tipranavir/ritonavir. Interaction with fosamprenavir/ritonavir is not clinically significant, although their plasma levels vary slightly when used in combination with ETR. ETR shows no interactions with darunavir/ritonavir


Assuntos
Humanos , Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Biotransformação , Microssomos Hepáticos , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Anticoncepcionais Orais Hormonais , Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19 , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Piperazinas/farmacocinética
13.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 26(1): 23-34, mar. 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-136101

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Las infecciones fúngicas son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes inmunodeficientes. A pesar que en los últimos años se han desarrollado nuevos fármacos antifúngicos, el tratamiento de estas infecciones sigue siendo problemático. Objetivos: Revisar la farmacodinamia y la farmacocinética de una nueva equinocandina: micafungina. Métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión simple utilizando una búsqueda bibliográfica en las fuentes habituales (EBSCO Open Journals, Ovid Online, Proquest Medical Library, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Springer Links y Wiley Interscience) desde el año 2000 hasta 2008. Adicionalmente, se han incluido los libros de resúmenes de Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy and the Infectious Diseases Society of America celebradas desde 1998 hasta 2008. Resultados: La micafungina es una equinocandina con un potente mecanismo de acción: inhibe el enzima β-1,3-D-glucano sintasa e interfiere en la síntesis de la pared celular. Este fármaco comparte con la caspofungina un idéntico espectro in vitro frente a Candida albicans, especies de Candida diferentes de C. albicans y Aspergillus. Debido a la limitada biodisponibilidad oral, la micafungina se administra únicamente por vía parenteral. Se caracteriza por una farmacocinética lineal y por presentar pocos efectos adversos. La micafungina se metaboliza mínimamente por el citocromo P-450 y presenta pocas interacciones farmacológicas. No requiere reducir dosis en fracaso renal, ni en fracaso hepático leve o moderado. Conclusiones: La micafungina presenta un perfil farmacodinámico y farmacocinético que permite su administración de modo seguro, con mínimas interacciones medicamentosas y sin necesidad de ajuste de dosis en presencia de fracaso renal o hepático (AU)


Background: Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among immuno- compromised patients. Although several new antifungal agents have been developed in the past few years, the management of serious fungal infections continues to be problematic. Aims: To review the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a new antifungal agent: micafungin. Methods: A systematic review of biomedic databases (EBSCO Open Journals, Ovid Online, Proquest Medical Library, PubMed/Medline,, Science Direct, Springer Links and Wiley Interscience) has been performed. Search was conducted from 2000 to 2008. Supplementary sources included abstracts from the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents (ICAAC) and Chemotherapy and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) from 1998 to 2008. Results: Micafungin has a potent mechanism of action: inhibits β-1,3-D-glucan synthase interfering with fungal cell wall synthesis. This agent shares with caspofungin an identical spectrum of in vitro activity against Candida albicans, non-albicans Candida species, and Aspergillus. Due to the limited oral availability, micafungin is available for parenteral administration only. Micafungin is characterized by a linear pharmacokinetic profile and substantially fewer toxic effects. Micafungin is a poor substrate for the cytochrome P450 enzymes, and compared to azoles, fewer drug interactions have been described. No dose reduction is required in renal impairment or in mild to moderate liver failure. Conclusions: The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of micafungin imply that this drug is a safe alternative for the treatment of fungal infections. Micafungin can be safely co-administered with most drugs without the need for dosage adaptation even in patients with renal o liver function impairment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Equinocandinas/farmacologia , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Fúngicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Glucosiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Lipopeptídeos/farmacocinética , Pneumocystis carinii , Pneumocystis carinii/enzimologia , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Equinocandinas/efeitos adversos , Equinocandinas/farmacocinética , Lipopeptídeos/efeitos adversos , Lipopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Aspergillus , Aspergillus/enzimologia , Candida , Candida/enzimologia , Estrutura Molecular , Biotransformação , Interações Medicamentosas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
14.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 99(supl.1): 2-8, ene. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-62892

RESUMO

La psoriasis es una enfermedad cutánea inflamatoria crónica de carácter sistémico y de base inmunológica,mediada por linfocitos T. Estas células juegan un papel importante en el sistema inmunológico y en larespuesta inflamatoria que determina el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de las lesiones de psoriasis. Sin duda,un mejor entendimiento de la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad ha llevado al desarrollo de tratamientos biológicosespecíficos y selectivos. Efalizumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal humanizado IgG1 que se fija al antígeno1 asociado a la función leucocitaria (LFA-1). Al unirse al CD11a –subunidad alfa del LFA-1– se evita lafijación de este ligando a la molécula de adhesión intercelular 1. Esto inhibe varios procesos relacionados con loslinfocitos T, fundamentales en la patogénesis de la psoriasis: la activación de los linfocitos T en el gangliolinfático, la migración de los linfocitos T hacia la dermis y la epidermis y, por último, la reactivación de éstosen el foco inflamatorio. Los estudios clínicos han demostrado que efalizumab, administrado en forma subcutáneauna sola vez por semana, proporciona un beneficio clínico, a la vez que una mejoría en la calidad de vidaen pacientes con psoriasis en placas crónica, moderada o grave. Los estudios de tratamiento a largo plazo sugierenque la terapia continua con efalizumab es más beneficiosa en el mantenimiento de la mejoría de la respuestay demuestran que efalizumab puede ser administrado de forma segura durante períodos prolongados.Dada su eficacia, su rápido comienzo de acción, el perfil de seguridad por su selectivo mecanismo de acción yla conveniencia en su autoadministración subcutánea semanal, efalizumab ofrece una nueva opción terapéuticaespecialmente interesante para el tratamiento de la psoriasis (AU)


Psoriasis is a systemic type T cell mediated immune system chronic inflammatory skin disease. These cells play an important role in the immune system and in the inflammatory response that determines the development and maintenance of the psoriasis lesions. However, greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease has led to the development of specific and selective biological treatments. Efalizumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to the Leukocyte-Function-Associated Antigen 1 (LFA-1).When it binds to the CD11a –alpha subunit of LFA1– it inhibits the binding of this lig and to the intercellular adhesion molecule 1. This inhibits several processes related with the T cells that are fundamental in the pathogenesis of psoriasis: activation of the T cells in the lymph nodes, the migration of the T cells towards the dermis and epidermis and finally the reactivation of these in the inflammatory focus. The clinical studies have demonstrated that efalizumab, administered subcutaneously only once a week, provides a clinical benefit as well as improvement in the quality of life in patients with psoriasis with chronic, moderate or severe plaques. Long-term treatment studies suggest that continuous therapy with efalizumab is more beneficial in the maintenance of the improvement of the response and demonstrate that efalizumab may be administered safely for prolonged periods. Given its efficacy, rapid onset action, safety profile due to its selective action mechanism and convenience in its subcutaneous self-administration weekly, efalizumab offers a new therapeutic option, especially of interest for the treatment of psoriasis (AU)


Assuntos
Linfócitos/imunologia , Linfócitos/patologia , Linfócitos/fisiologia , Psoríase/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Linfócitos T/patologia , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Biotransformação/fisiologia , Psoríase/fisiopatologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacocinética , Biotransformação
15.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 73(4): 1199-1236, oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64424

RESUMO

La Industria Farmacéutica se enfrenta en la actualidad, forzada por la normativade la UE a reducir la producción de residuos (200 Kg) por kilogramo deproducto. Ello implica el desarrollo de procesos de síntesis más eficaces y selectivos,utilizando mejores catalizadores. Por ello la Biocatálisis y las Biotransformaciones,como aplicación de la misma a la Síntesis Orgánica, están adquiriendo unpapel importante en el diseño de las nuevas síntesis de fármacos. En la presenterevisión se comentan algunas de las metodologías desarrolladas por el Grupo deBiotransformaciones de la UCM en este campo. Se abordan las metodologías desarrolladaspara la mejora de los biocatalizadores: nuevas técnicas de inmovilización o de modificación química, control de la actividad de agua etc. Se describenalgunos procesos de interés desarrollados en el grupo como la resolución de racémicosy su aplicación a la obtención de ácidos S-2-arilpropiónicos o de β-bloqueantesadrenérgicos; la reducción estereoselectiva de cetonas proquirales, la síntesisen un paso de nucleósidos con actividad farmacológica etc. En todos los casos secomentan las ventajas de las nuevas metodologías de síntesis en sintonía con lanueva normativa de obligado cumplimiento de la UE sobre eliminación de disolventescontaminantes (CH2Cl2, TCE), inflamables (hexano, isooctano), compuestosorgánicos volátiles (COV) etc, y de reactivos contaminantes v.g.: catalizadoresórgano metálicos


Pharmaceutical industries are nowadays facing the challenge of lowering theratio (kg of residues/kg of product) to levels below 200, as required by the Europeanlegislation. This fact is demanding the implementation of more selective andefficient synthetic procedures, so that new and better catalysts are needed. For thispurpose, Applied Biocatalysis, and more specifically Biotransformation (the use ofthe former in Organic Synthesis), are becoming more prominent in the design ofnew strategies for drugs synthesis. In this review, some of the methodologiesapplied inside the Biotransformations Group of the Complutense University arepresented; thus, the employ of different methodologies (such as immobilizationand/or modification of biocatalysts, or the control of water activity of the reactionmedia) for improving the biocatalyst performance are described. The biocatalyzedresolution of racemates for obtaining enantiopure S-2-aryl propionic acids (profens)or cardiotonic β-blockers, the estereoselective carbonyl reduction of prochiralketones, or the one-step semi-synthesis of therapeutically significant nucleosideswill be discussed. In all cases, a special emphasis is set on the environmentaladvantages of the biocatalyzed processes, as demanded by EU legislation on substitutionof contaminant solvents (CH2Cl2, TCE) or reagents (organo metallic catalysts),as well as highly flammable compounds (n-hexane, isooctane), or promotingVOCs release


Assuntos
Química Farmacêutica/instrumentação , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Ética Farmacêutica , Catálise , Biotransformação , Biotransformação/fisiologia , Nucleosídeos/síntese química , Nucleosídeos/farmacologia , Metais Pesados , Resíduos Metálicos , Catálise/efeitos da radiação , Biotransformação/efeitos da radiação , Clorometilcetonas de Aminoácidos/síntese química , Clorometilcetonas de Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Cetonas/síntese química , Resíduos Inflamáveis , 35504 , Resíduos Voláteis , Sólidos Voláteis , 35508
18.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 73(2): 501-531, abr. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055970

RESUMO

La Biotecnología blanca está relacionada con la utilización de sistemas biológicos para la fabricación, transformación o degradación de moléculas gracias a procesos enzimáticos y fermentativos. Esta definición encuadra los procesos biocatalíticos y las biotransformaciones dentro de este conjunto de disciplinas y ciencias más amplio que se ha definido como Biotecnología. La estabilización de enzimas y células para hacerlas más resistentes a los disolventes orgánicos mediante técnicas de inmovilización y modificación así como posteriormente por ingeniería genética ha supuesto el impulso significativo para este campo. Por otra parte, el conocimiento del medio de reacción así como el control de las variables que intervienen en el proceso ha supuesto una verdadera transformación tecnológica. La Biotecnología Industrial puede ser de una gran ayuda para la obtención de medicamentos (y otros bioproductos) que son difícil o imposibles de obtener mediante métodos químicos tradicionales. En la actualidad más de 325 millones de personas en el mundo consumen medicamentos de origen biotecnológico, de lo que se deduce que la aplicación de la Biotecnología y Biocatálisis en particular ha atravesado la frontera académica encontrando un amplio campo de acción en la Industria Farmacéutica. Los procesos biotecnológicos, por su elevada eficiencia y especificidad, cuentan entre sus propiedades más características el que generan unos menores niveles de residuos que los procesos químicos convencionales y, además, esos residuos son comparativamente mucho menos peligrosos


White Biotechnology is related to the utilization of biological systems for the manufacture, transformation or degradation of molecules using enzymatic and fermentative processes. This definition fits the biocatalytic processes and the biotransformations in the huge set of disciplines and sciences that have been defined as Biotechnology. The stabilization of enzymes and cells for increasing their resistance towards the organic solvents by immobilization and modification techniques, as well as using genetic engineering, has supposed a significant impulse. On the other hand, the knowledge of the reaction media and the control of the variables affecting the process has supposed a real technological transformation. Industrial Biotechnology has become an important tool for obtaining drugs (and other bioproducts) which are difficult or impossible to obtain by chemical traditional methods. At the present, more than 325 million people in the world use drugs with a biotechnological origin, so it can be deduced that the application of the Biotechnology (and specially Biocatalysis) has crossed the academic border finding a wide range of utilities in the pharmaceutical Industry. The biotechnological processes, due to their high efficiency and specificity, generate reduced levels of residues when compared to chemical conventional processes which on the other hand, are comparatively more dangerous


Assuntos
Biotecnologia/tendências , Indústria Farmacêutica/tendências , Técnicas de Sonda Molecular/tendências , Biotransformação , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Solventes , 35482
19.
Int. microbiol ; 6(2): 105-112, jun. 2003. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-23612

RESUMO

This review describes the relationships and links between culture collections, which act as sources of genomes, transcriptomes, proteome, and metabolomes, and fields of research biochemistry that demand their support and help. In addition, the invaluable but not always rewarded efforts of these organizations as a source and conservator of organism diversity is discussed. Biological waste-water treatment, ethanol as a non-finite source of energy, Rhodococcus fascians as the source of a citrus-juice debittering agent, the sporulation of filamentous fungi in liquid medium, and biotransformation with growing and resting cells are processes developed by the authors that demonstrate some of the applications of organisms from culture collections in the general field of biotechnology and related areas, including industrial biochemistry and biocatalytic synthesis (AU)


Esta revisión describe las relaciones existentes entre las colecciones de cultivos y las diferentes áreas de investigación en bioquímica que precisan de la ayuda de estos centros de recursos biológicos, que actúan como fuentes de genomas, transcriptomas, proteomas y metabolomas. Se describen los esfuerzos impagables y no siempre reconocidos de estas organizaciones como fuentes de diversidad microbiana y de conservación de dicha diversidad. Se comentan algunos ejemplos de procesos desarrollados por los autores que muestran algunos posibles usos de los organismos almacenados en las colecciones de cultivos en biotecnología y áreas relacionadas, como la bioquímica industrial y la síntesis biocatalítica. Estos ejemplos incluyen el tratamiento biológico de las aguas residuales, la producción de etanol como fuente de energía no finita, la utilización de Rhodococcus fascians para contrarrestar la acidez del zumo de cítricos, la esporulación de hongos filamentosos en medio líquido o la biotransformación mediante células en crecimiento o en estado latente (AU)


Assuntos
Microbiologia , Bioquímica , Rhodococcus , Esporos Fúngicos , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Biotransformação , Biotecnologia , Etanol , Indústrias , Transporte de Elétrons , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Reatores Biológicos , Citrus
20.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21641

RESUMO

Los macrólidos, cetólidos y estreptograminas son tres familias de antibióticos de estructura química muy diferente que comparten el mismo mecanismo de acción. Los tres se unen a distintas bases del centro peptidil transferasa del ARNr 23S. Su espectro antibacteriano es prácticamente superponible; sin embargo, desigualdades en la afinidad y/o el número de lugares de unión determinan diferencias en la intensidad del efecto antibacteriano (bacteriostático/bactericida) y en la actividad frente a cepas con mecanismos de resistencia adquiridos. Son activos frente a la mayoría de microorganismos grampositivos y muchos microorganismos de crecimiento intracelular. En nuestro país, durante los últimos 5 años, el porcentaje de cepas de neumococo y Streptococcus pyogenes resistentes a los macrólidos ha aumentado sensiblemente. Telitromicina (cetólido) y Synercid (estreptogramina) mantienen la actividad frente a estas cepas.Se metabolizan en el hígado a través de la enzima CYP3A4 y pueden bloquear parcialmente la actividad de ésta, interfiriendo con el metabolismo de otros fármacos que emplean la misma vía metabólica. Apenas se eliminan con la orina (a excepción de claritromicina). Alcanzan concentraciones elevadas en el citoplasma celular, pero no se difunden al líquido cefalorraquídeo. Se incluyen en la categoría B de fármacos empleables durante el embarazo. La tolerancia de los macrólidos y telitromicina es buena y los efectos secundarios son escasos. Su principal indicación clínica es el tratamiento empírico de infecciones de vías respiratorias altas y bajas, de intensidad leve o moderada, adquiridas en la comunidad. Synercid está indicado en el tratamiento de infecciones producidas por estafilococos resistentes a meticilina y enterococos resistentes a glucopéptidos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Macrolídeos , Estreptograminas , Antibacterianos , RNA Bacteriano , RNA Ribossômico 23S , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Microssomos Hepáticos , Inibidores da Síntese de Proteínas , Biotransformação , Interações Medicamentosas , Resistência a Medicamentos , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450 , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Gastroenteropatias , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas
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