Evaluación del riesgo clínico, no genómico y resultados de supervivencia en el carcinoma de mama hormonosensible, HER-2 negativo, con ganglios negativos / Evaluation of non-genomic, clinical risk and survival results in endocrine-sensitive, HER-2 negative, lymph node negative breast cancer

Antecedentes y objetivos: En el cáncer de mama hormonosensible, HER-2 negativo, con ganglios negativos, la presencia de un riesgo genómico bajo permite tratar solo con hormonoterapia adyuvante, obteniendo unas excelentes tasas de supervivencia. La justificación de este estudio es demostrar que también se obtienen unas excelentes tasas de supervivencia tratando solo con hormonoterapia adyuvante mediante la evaluación del riesgo clínico. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo entre 2006 y 2016 de la cohorte de cáncer de mama hormonosensible, HER-2 negativo, con ganglios negativos, tamaño del tumor mayor de 1cm o entre 0,6 y 1cm con características desfavorables. Revisión retrospectiva de los registros de salud. Datos de mortalidad del Registro Nacional de Defunciones. Resultados: Un total de 203 pacientes fueron evaluables para la supervivencia. Ciento veintitrés (60,50%) fueron tratadas solo con hormonoterapia adyuvante, 77 (37,90%) con quimioterapia-hormonoterapia, una (0.50%) solo con quimioterapia y 2 (1%) no recibieron ningún tratamiento. La tasa de supervivencia global a los 5 años fue del 97% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% 94-100). La tasa de intervalo libre de metástasis a distancia fue del 94% (IC 95% 90-98). En el subgrupo de pacientes tratadas solo con hormonoterapia la tasa de supervivencia global y del intervalo libre de metástasis a distancia a los 5 años fue del 98% (IC 95% 95-100) y 97% (IC 95% 93-100), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las pacientes con cáncer de mama hormonosensible, HER-2-negativo, con ganglios negativos, tratadas solo con hormonoterapia según su riesgo clínico, obtienen resultados de supervivencia similares a los descritos cuando son tratadas solo con hormonoterapia según su riesgo genómico

Background and objectives: In endocrine-sensitive, HER-2 negative, node negative breast cancer, the presence of a low genomic risk allows treatment with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, obtaining excellent survival rates. The justification for this study is to show that excellent survival rates are also obtained by treating with adjuvant hormone therapy alone, based on clinical risk assessment. Patients and methods: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was performed between 2006 and 2016 with endocrine-sensitive, HER-2 negative, node negative breast cancer, greater than 1cm or between 0.6 and 1cm with unfavourable features. Retrospective review of health records. Mortality data of the National Registry of Deaths. Results: A total of 203 patients were evaluable for survival. One hundred and twenty-three (60.50%) were treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, 77 (37.90%) with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, one (0.50%) with chemotherapy alone and 2 (1%) were not treated. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94-100). Distant recurrence-free interval was 94% (95% CI 90-98). In the subgroup of patients treated with endocrine therapy alone, overall survival and distant recurrence-free interval rates at 5 years were 98% (95% CI 95-100) and 97% (95% CI 93-100), respectively. Conclusions: Patients with endocrine-sensitive, HER-2-negative, node negative breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy alone according to their clinical risk have similar survival outcomes as those treated with endocrine therapy according to their genomic risk

Re-expression of microRNA-4319 inhibits growth of prostate cancer via Her-2 suppression

Purpose: Her-2 is an epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in some prostate cancers (PC) associated with outgrowth of the tumor. Dysregulation of some microRNAs is involved in the regulation of PC pathogenesis, whereas the role of miR-4319 in PC is unknown and addressed in the current study. Methods: The levels of miR-4319 in PC tissues were determined by RT-qPCR and their association with patient survival was studied by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Targeted genes for miR-4319 were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Growth of cells of overexpression or inhibition of miR-4319 or Her-2 was analyzed by an MTT assay. Cell survival in response to a chemotherapeutic drug, estramustine (EM), was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and Western blotting for apoptosis-associated proteins. Results: MiR-4319 levels were decreased in PC specimens, compared to corresponding normal prostate tissue. Lower levels of miR-4319 were correlated with poorer overall patients’ survival. In vitro, the cell survival mediated with Her-2 against chemotherapy was inhibited by overexpression of miR-4319 and was enhanced by depletion of miR-4319. Depletion of miR-4319 in primary prostate epithelial cells increased Her-2-dependent cell growth, while re-expression of miR-4319 in PC cells inhibited Her-2-dependent cell growth and Her-2-dependent resistance to EM-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: The growth and chemo-resistance of PC cells may be suppressed via re-expression of miR-4319 that inhibits Her-2 signaling

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An independent survival prognostic role for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastric cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis

Background. Some studies have suggested that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive is associated with poor outcomes in gastric cancer (GC), whereas another inconsistent studies make the situation confused. This meta-analysis was performed to determine whether HER2 played an independent prognostic role in clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of GC. Patients and methods. Combination of GC and human epidermal growth factor 2 or HER2 or HER2/neu or erbB-2 or cerbB-2 or c-erbB2 or CD340 or p185 were used as key words. Data were compared according to the HER2 status. Time-to-event outcomes of overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Hazard Ratios (HRs) with fixed effect, while 5-year survival rate and clinicopathological factors were performed using odd ratios (OR) with random effect. Results. Nighteen trials, from 1986 to October 2013, were identified by two independent authors. A total of 6344 GC patients were included in this meta-analysis, with 1148 HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification. Comparison of 5-year survival of patients with HER2-positive status versus HER2-negative status showed that OR was 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.91], and the result was significant (P = 0.02). The survival outcome of HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification patients was worse than those with normal HER2 (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.12-1.18; P < 0.00001). However, the difference of III-IV stage ratio between HER2-positive and HER2-negative patients was not significant (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.95-2.18; P = 0.09) even in the subgroup analysis of Asia (P = 0.12 and Europe (P = 0.51). Conclusion. HER2 protein overexpression or gene amplification in GC patients is associated with a poor survival outcome, and may play a role in GC tumorigenesis (AU)

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Cost minimization analysis of treatment with intravenous or subcutaneous trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in Spain

Purpose. To describe healthcare professional (HCP) and patient time and related costs associated with trastuzumab intravenous infusion (IV) and trastuzumab subcutaneous (SC) formulations in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. Methods. This prospective, observational time, and motion study in three Spanish centers was run as a substudy of the PrefHer trial. We recorded active HCP time for trastuzumab SC and IV-related tasks and calculated HCP time as the mean sum of task times over 154 administrations (80 IV, 74 SC). We calculated mean patient infusion chair time and treatment room time. Staff costs were calculated using fully loaded salary costs based on Spanish salaries (Euros 2012). Results. The transition from trastuzumab IV to SC led to a 50% reduction in active HCP time [27.2 min (95% CI 21.8-32.6) vs. 13.2 min (95% CI 8.9-17.5) per cycle]. Time savings resulted from avoiding IV catheter installation and removal, line flushing, and drug reconstitution. SC administration led to a fivefold reduction (78-85%) in chair time and a fourfold reduction (59–81%) in patient treatment room time, resulting in 24 h free-up time in the total treatment course (18 cycles). Total estimated direct costs were Euros 29,431.75 and Euros 28,452.12 for IV and SC, respectively, a saving of EUROS 979.60 over a full treatment course. Conclusions. Trastuzumab SC provided substantial time savings for HCP and patients, and reduced staff costs vs. trastuzumab IV. Reducing the use of hospital facilities may result in further savings and improved quality of medical care (AU)

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La genómica en cáncer de mama: nuevas perspectivas / Genomics in breast cancer: new directions

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HER2/neu, p53, MIB1 and PAX8 immunoexpression in Primary Serous Fallopian Tube Carcinomas / Determinación inmunohistoquímica de HER2/neu, p53, MIB1 y PAX8 en el Carcinoma Seroso Primario de la Trompa Uterina

Background. Carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare gynecological malignancy. A previous review of Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma (PFTC) from a multi-institutional study identified several poor prognosis indicators, including the depth of invasion, advanced stage disease, tumor grade and the presence of lymph node metastases. The detection of the malignant lesion at an early stage and the identification of biomarkers with prognostic significance are the major concerns of recent studies. Aims. In this study, we have investigated the immunohistochemical expression of 4 proteins in cases of low-grade (n:5) and high-grade (n:65) serous PFTC to determine their role in PFTC prognosis. Material and methods. HER2/neu, p53, PAX8 and MIB-1 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of 70 serous PFTC and the expression was correlated to the following clinico-pathologic variants: age, grade, lymph node metastases, stage and survival. Results. HER2/neu oncoprotein overexpression was demonstrated in 20 of 65 (31%) high-grade serous fallopian tube carcinomas. p53 was demonstrated in more than 50% (3+) of the tumor in 59 (90.7%) high-grade serous FTCs, while eight cases (12%) were moderate or weakly positive (2+). The expression of PAX8 was positive in 55 (78.5%) cases, the remaining 15 (21%) cases being negative. The outcome of the disease for patients with tumors showing HER2/neu overexpression was worse (p:0.0001). p53, MIB-1 or PAX8 failed to have a predictive value in disease outcome. Conclusion. The potential prognostic relevance of HER2/neu in tubal cancer and its potential role in the selection of patients for targeted therapy should be investigated further (AU)

Introducción. El carcinoma de la trompa uterina (TU) es una neoplasia poco frecuente del tracto ginecológico. Una revisión previa de los carcinomas primarios de la TU, en un estudio multiinstitucional, identificó varios factores de mal pronóstico, incluyendo profundidad de invasión, estadio avanzado, grado histológico y presencia de ganglios linfáticos metastásicos. Detectar esta neoplasia en estadios tempranos e identificar biomarcadores con significado pronóstico ha sido el objetivo de los últimos estudios. Objetivos. En este estudio investigamos la expresión de 4 proteínas a través de inmunohistoquímica en 70 casos de carcinomas serosos de la TU (CSTU) (5 de bajo grado [BG], y 65 de alto grado [AG]) para determinar su papel pronóstico. Material y métodos. Se evaluó el estado de HER2/neu, p53, PAX8 y MIB-1 en matrices de tejidos, y se correlacionó con las siguientes variantes clinicopatológicas: edad, grado, metástasis ganglionares, estadio y supervivencia. Resultados. Demostramos la sobreexpresión de la oncoproteína HER2/neu en 20 de 65 (31%) CSTU AG. p53 se expresó en más de 50% (3+) del tumor en 59 (90,7%) casos, mientras que en 8 casos (12%), la expresión fue moderada o débil (2+). El PAX8 se expresó en 55 (78,5%) casos, y los otros 15 casos (21%) fueron negativos. El pronóstico de las pacientes cuyos tumores sobreexpresaron el HER2/neu fue más adverso (p=0,0001). p53, MIB-1 o PAX-8 no tuvieron un papel predictivo en el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. La relevancia del papel pronóstico de la sobreexpresión del HER2/neu en el CSTU, así como la posibilidad de seleccionar pacientes para recibir terapias dirigidas deben ser investigadas en más estudios (AU)

Relevancia biológica de un misterioso grupo hidroxilo / Biological relevance of a mysterious hydroxyl group

La evolución lleva consigo la pérdida de diversos genes ancestrales, siendo relevante la inactivación en los seres humanos del gen GMAH que nos hace genéticamente incapaces para producir el ácido siálico N-glicolilneuramínico (Neu5Gc). Este ácido se comporta como un antígeno extraño si se incorpora a los tejidos a partir de componentes alimentarios, pudiendo interaccionar con anticuerpos humanos anti-Neu5Gc y promover inflamación y cáncer. Xenotrasplantes, células madre y medicamentos de origen biológico pueden estar contaminados con Neu5Gc. El conocimiento de las interacciones de enlace en el anticuerpo monoclonal 14F17, capaz de discriminar el antígeno tumoral Nglicolil GM3 de su análogo N-acetilado debido a la presencia de un grupo hidroxilo adicional, está dando algunas claves de este fenómeno, cuya aplicación podría ser de interés en la inmunoterapia del cáncer

Evolution is linked to gene loss, being of biological relevance the inactivation of CMAH gene which made humans genetically unable to produce the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic (Neu5Gc). This acid acts as a foreign antigen after incorporation into tissues from dietary components, interacting with human antiNeu5Gc antibodies thus promoting inflammation and cancer progression. Xenotransplants, stem cells and drugs of biological origin may be contaminated by Neu5Gc. The binding chemistry of the monoclonal antibody 14F17, which is able to discriminate the tumorspecific antigen N-glycolyl GM3 from the closely related N-acetyl GM3 on the basis of the presence of a single additional hydroxyl group in the former, reveals some clues of this phenomenon that could be of interest in new cancer immunotherapy approaches

Afatinib en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de pulmón: contexto actual y opción de un tratamiento oral / Afatinib in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: current context and the option of oral treatment

El carcinoma escamoso de pulmón (SCC) representa un 30% del cáncer de pulmón de célula no pequeña (CPCNP). Docetaxel y el inhibidor de la tirosincinasa (ITK) del EGFR, erlotinib, han sido los 2 únicos fármacos aprobados para el tratamiento de segunda línea del SCC avanzado. La sobreexpresión de EGFR puede explicar la sensibilidad de SCC a ITK. Erlotinib demostró beneficio significativo en supervivencia global (SG) en líneas sucesivas en CPCNP, incluyendo histología escamosa. La magnitud de este beneficio es similar a la de la QT. Afatinib es un inhibidor irreversible de toda la familia ErbB (EGFR, HER2-4), que ha sido aprobado recientemente para su indicación actual, CPCNP avanzado con mutación de EGFR, y tiene una toxicidad básicamente gastrointestinal y cutánea, bien definida y manejable. El ensayo LUX-Lung 8 fue un estudio fase III aleatorizado en pacientes con CPCNP con histología escamosa en segunda línea, que comparó erlotinib frente a afatinib. Se incluyeron 795 pacientes y se observó beneficio significativo para afatinib en supervivencia libre de progresión (2,7 frente a 1,9 meses; HR: 0,79; IC del 95%, 0,68-0,91; p = 0,0012) y en SG (7,9 frente a 6,8 meses; HR: 0,81; IC del 95%, 0,69-0,95; p = 0,0077), así como mejoría significativa en SG a 12 y 18 meses. Se observó más diarrea y estomatitis con afatinib y más exantema con erlotinib, pero la proporción global de toxicidad fue similar en cada grupo. Afatinib ofreció mejores resultados en calidad de vida. En resumen, afatinib es una opción de tratamiento en segunda línea en CPCNP escamocelular sobre la base de los resultados de mejoría en supervivencia respecto a erlotinib (AU)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung represents 30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Docetaxel and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib, are the only two drugs approved for second-line treatment of advanced SCC. The sensitivity of SCC to TKIs can be explained by EGFR overexpression. Erlotinib demonstrated a significant benefit in terms of overall survival (OS) in successive lines in NSCLC, including squamous histology. The magnitude of this benefit is similar to that of chemotherapy. Afatinib is an irreversible inhibitor of the entire ErbB family (EGFR, HER2-4) that has recently been approved for its current indication, advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and has well-defined and manageable toxicity, mainly gastrointestinal and cutaneous. The LUX-Lung 8 study was a phase III randomized trial in patients with NSCLC with squamous histology that compared erlotinib versus afatinib as second-line treatment. A total of 795 patients were included and a significant benefit was observed for afatinib in progression-free survival (2.7 vs 1.9 months (HR 0.79 [95%CI 0.68-0.91]; p=0.0012) and in OS (7.9 vs 6.8 months (HR 0.81 [95%CI 0.69-0.95]; p=0.0077), as well as a significant improvement in OS at 12 and 18 months. More diarrhoea and stomatitis was observed with afatinib and more rash with erlotinib, but the overall proportion of toxicity was similar in each group. Afatinib offered better results in quality of life. In summary, afatinib is a second-line treatment option in squamous NSCLC based on its survival advantage over erlotinib (AU)

The NanoString-based multigene assay as a novel platform to screen EGFR, HER2, and MET in patients with advanced gastric cancer

Introduction: Molecular targets are emerging rapidly and the development of clinical tests that simultaneously screen for multiple targets has become especially important. We assessed the gene expression levels of three known targets in advanced gastric cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine human osteosarcoma transforming gene (MET), using the nCounter assay (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA) and compared these results with protein overexpression, detected by immunohistochemistry, to evaluate the performance of this new technology. Methods: We investigated 42 formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tumor samples from patients with gastric cancer. A NanoString-based assay containing a 522 kinase gene panel was investigated. We analyzed the correlations between immunohistochemical findings and kinase gene expression levels of EGFR, HER2 and MET to validate this assay. Results EGFR, HER2, and MET overexpression were observed in 7 (16.6 %), 5 (11.9 %), and 3 (7.1 %) cases, respectively. For EGFR, HER2, and MET, the concordance rates between the NanoString-based assay results and the immunohistochemistry methods were 83.3, 97.6, and 100 %, respectively. Relative to immunohistochemistry findings, the NanoString-based assay sensitivities and specificities were 85.7 and 82.8 % for EGFR, 100 and 97.2 % for HER2, and 100 and 100 % for MET, respectively. Conclusions: We found a high concordance between immunohistochemistry- and nCounter-based assessments of EGFR, HER2, and MET in advanced gastric cancer. Judged against immunohistochemistry results, the NanoString assay had high sensitivities and high specificities. These results suggest that the nCounter assay provides a reliable, high-throughput assay to simultaneously screen for the overexpression of several target proteins (AU)

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Trastuzumab emtansine in locally advanced or metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer; GENESIS-SEFH drug evaluation reporta / / Trastuzumab emtansina en cáncer de mama her2 positivo metastásico o localmente avanzado; informe de evaluación genesis-sefh

Trastuzumab emtansina (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against the HER2 for the treatment of HER2+ mestastatic breast cancer (MBC), who has previously received trastuzumab plus a taxane. According to the results of the EMILIA trial versus lapatinib plus capecitabine T-DM1 shows an improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS). It has a favorable profile reducing the incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions such as hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea. On the contrary increases significantly severe thrombocytopenia; bleeding risk and liver function should also be monitored. With the current import price T-DM1 has a cost per QALY of over 120,000 Euros. The price of the drug for the Spanish NHS has not yet been established. Drug cost would be the key factor in the sensitivity analysis and a 50% reduction in the price of the drug would place it close to the threshold of cost-effectiveness usually considered in our midst. According to the budget impact model used, a maximum of 1,218 patients / year and the budgetary impact throughout the Spanish state would be at 70,490,850 Euros. In the initial analysis no advantage was found for T-DM1 in those patients without visceral involvement. Although a subsequent re-analysis of the results of PFS in which the definition of visceral involvement was specified a significant benefit was shown in this subgroup. We believe that this approach introduces a high degree of uncertainty, which does not guarantee the benefit achieved for this subgroup of patients (AU)

T-DM1 es un conjugado anticuerpo-fármaco dirigido contra el HER2 para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama metastásico (CMM) HER2 +, que ha recibido previamente trastuzumab más un taxano. De acuerdo con los resultados del ensayo EMILIA frente a lapatinib más capecitabina T-DM1 muestra una mejora en la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) y la supervivencia global (SG). Tiene un perfil favorable reducir la incidencia de reacciones adversas grado 3-4 tales como el síndrome mano-pie y la diarrea. Sin embargo, aumenta significativamente el riesgo de trombocitopenia grave y debe monitorizarse el riesgo de hemorragia y la función hepática. Con el precio de importación actual T-DM1 tiene un coste por AVAC de más de 120.000 Euros. El precio del fármaco para el Sistema Nacional de Salud en España aún no ha sido establecido. El precio del fármaco sería el factor clave en el análisis de sensibilidad y una reducción del 50% en el precio lo situaría cerca del umbral de coste-efectividad generalmente considerada en nuestro medio como aceptable. De acuerdo con el modelo de impacto presupuestario utilizado, se trataría un máximo de 1.218 pacientes / año y el impacto presupuestario de todo el estado español estaría entorno a 70.490.850 Euros para este volumen de pacientes. En el análisis inicial no se encontró ninguna ventaja para T-DM1 en aquellos pacientes sin afectación visceral. Aunque un re-análisis posterior de los resultados de SLP en el que se especifica la definición de la afectación visceral se muestra un beneficio significativo en este subgrupo. Creemos que este enfoque presenta un alto grado de incertidumbre, y no garantiza el beneficio logrado para este subgrupo de pacientes (AU)

Prevalencia de receptores hormonales y del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano tipo 2 en pacientes mexicanas con cáncer de mama / Prevalence of hormonal receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in Mexican female patients with breast cancer

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Reacción infusional grave e infrecuente por trastuzumab / An unexpected and severe infusion reaction induced by trastuzumab

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Lapatinib en combinación con trastuzumab en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama metastásico HER2 positivo: Experiencia de uso / Lapatinib plus transtuzumab for HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer: Experience of use

Objetivo: Describir los resultados obtenidos con la utilización conjunta de dos inhibidores del receptor HER2 (lapatinib y trastuzumab) en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama metastático HER 2 positivo. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se seleccionaron pacientes en tratamiento con trastuzumab y lapatinib entre enero de 2010 y mayo de 2012. Se recogieron datos demográficos y clínicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 23 pacientes con cáncer de mamametastático (edad media de 59,3 ± 13,3 años). Todos ellos habían recibido una media de 5 líneas de tratamiento previo con al menos una línea de tratamiento con trastuzumab. La mediana de supervivencia libre de progresión con lapatinib +trastuzumab combinado con o sin otra quimioterapia asociada fue de 7 meses (IC 95%: 2,78-11,21) y de 3 meses para las pacientes que sólo recibieron lapatinib y trastuzumab. Siete pacientes tuvieron efectos adversos y en cuatro pacientes se suspendió el tratamiento por toxicidad. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con dos inhibidores del receptorHER2 en nuestras pacientes ha resultado en una supervivencia libre de progresión similar a la de los ensayos clínicos publicados cuando las pacientes recibieron lapatinib + trastuzumab y no se combinó con otra terapia antineoplásica, con buena tolerancia al tratamiento (AU)

Objective: To describe the outcomes produced by con comitantuse of HER2-receptor inhibitors Lapatinib and Trastuzumab for the treatment of HER 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Method: Retrospective observational study. Patients treated with Trastuzumab and Lapatinib between January of 2010 and May of 2012 were selected. Demographical and clinical data were gathered. Results: 23 patients with metastatic breast cancer (mean age 59.3± 13.3 years) were included. All of them had received an average of 5 treatment lines with at least one of them including Trastuzumab. The median progression-free survival rate with combined Lapatinib + Trastuzumab, with or without associated chemotherapy was 7 months (95% CI: 2.78-11.21) and 3 months for the patients only receiving Lapatinib and Trastuzumab. Seven patients experienced adverse events and in four patients the treatment was stopped due to toxicity. Conclusions: The treatment with HER2-receptor inhibitors inour patients resulted in progression-free survival rates similar to those published in clinical trials with patients receiving Lapatinib+ Trastuzumab not combined with any other anti-cancer therapy, with good treatment tolerability (AU)

SEOM clinical guidelines for the management of metastatic breast cancer 2013

Patients with metastatic breast cancer should be offered comprehensive and personalized medical attention including, but not limited to, psychosocial, supportive and symptom-related interventions. A large number of treatment options are available and several prognostic and predictive factors are useful to identify the best therapeutic options individually (AU)

SEOM Clinical Guidelines for the systemic treatment of early breast cancer 2013

The purpose of this article is to update our previous work on the treatment and follow-up in early breast cancer. In this new version we have classified a treatment by immunohistochemistry subtypes of breast cancer. Latest advances in the management of this disease have been compiled, either in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting or chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. This review is presented in an easy way for oncologist, fellows and for other specialties (AU)

Consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) for HER2 testing in gastric carcinoma

The identification of HER2 alterations in advanced gastric carcinomas is of critical importance in daily clinical practice as such neoplasms require specific treatment with trastuzumab. For these reasons, pathologists and oncologists with expertise in gastric carcinomas and HER2 testing from both organisations (SEAP and SEOM) have endeavoured to discuss and agree on national guidelines for HER2 testing in gastric carcinomas. These guidelines are based on the experience of those who participated in the discussions and also on experience published internationally. These agreed guidelines give the minimum requirements that a pathological anatomy laboratory must fulfil in order to guarantee adequate HER2 testing in daily practice. Any laboratories which do not meet the minimum standards set out in the guidelines must make every effort to achieve compliance (AU)

HER2 status in breast cancer: experience of a Spanish National Reference Centre

BACKGROUND: Accurate HER2 testing is of great clinical value for the identification of breast cancer patients who are eligible for trastuzumab therapy. The aim of this study is to review breast carcinomas diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 at a Spanish National Reference Centre for HER2 testing, evaluating the agreement between HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) tests and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) tests. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information was obtained from 2751 breast carcinoma patients. HER2 IHC and FISH tests were performed both in a local laboratory and in the reference centre. The HER2 IHC0/1+, IHC2+, IHC3+ and FISH-positive patients comprised 64%, 20%, 16% and 24% of the available population, respectively (results from the reference centre). Using statistical approaches, we evaluated the agreement between: (1) HER2 IHC and FISH tests, and (2) results provided by the local and the reference laboratories. RESULTS: The data confirmed a statistically significant relation between HER2 overexpression and amplification. We also found that instances of polysomy 17 and heterogeneous patterns of HER2 expression (heterogeneous staining distribution in different areas of the same tumour) are more frequently observed in HER2-positive tumours. Finally, since the diagnoses were made from 2001 to 2007, we could also observe a rising agreement rate between laboratories/pathologists with time. CONCLUSIONS: HER2 testing is most accurate when performed by experienced pathologists and at a high-volume reference laboratory. Polysomy 17 and HER2 heterogeneous staining patterns should also be considered for a better understanding of the variation in the anti-HER2 therapeutic response (AU)

Phase II study of trastuzumab and cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer

INTRODUCTION: HER2 over-expression and/or amplification are present in 9-38% of gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers and are correlated to poor outcome. We conducted a multicentre phase II trial to evaluate trastuzumab in combination with cisplatin in patients with untreated HER2-positive advanced gastric or GEJ cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chemo-naïve patients with measurable, non-resectable, advanced or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, with HER2 over-expression and/or amplification (IHC 3+, or IHC 2+ and FISH+), age ≥18 years, ECOG ≤2, left ventricle ejection fraction ≥50% and adequate organ function were eligible. Treatment consisted of trastuzumab (8 mg/kg on cycle 1 day 1 as loading; 6 mg/kg in subsequent cycles) and cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)), both intravenously on day 1, every 21 days. RESULTS: Twenty-two out of 228 patients (10%) were HER2- positive and were included in this phase II trial. The median age was 66 years and ECOG 0/1 was 41%/59%. The median number of cycles was 4 (range 1-41). The confirmed ORR was 32% and disease control was achieved in 64% of patients. Median time to progression was 5.1 months. Grade 3 adverse events included asthenia (27%), neutropenia (18%), anorexia (14%), diarrhoea (9%) and abdominal pain (9%). There were no grade 4 toxicities or treatment-related deaths. Higher baseline HER extracellular domain (ECD) levels were associated with better outcome in terms of response and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Trastuzumab in combination with cisplatin is an active regimen and has a favourable toxicity profile in advanced HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal cancers (AU)

Consenso de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica (SEAP) y de la Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM) sobre la determinación de HER2 en el carcinoma gástrico / HER2 evaluation in gastric carcinoma: A consensus study by the Spanish Society of Pathology (SEAP) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM)

La identificación de los carcinomas gástricos avanzados con alteraciones de HER2 es esencial en la práctica clínica diaria, ya que estas neoplasias requieren un tratamiento específico con trastuzumab. Por estos motivos, patólogos y oncólogos expertos en carcinoma gástrico y en la determinación de HER2, en representación de las sociedades respectivas (SEAP y SEOM), han trabajado para debatir y consensuar las recomendaciones nacionales de determinación de HER2 en los carcinomas gástricos. Estas recomendaciones se basan no sólo en la experiencia de los participantes en el consenso, sino también en la experiencia internacional publicada. En este consenso se muestran los requisitos mínimos que un laboratorio de anatomía patológica debe cumplir para garantizar la adecuada determinación de HER2 en la práctica diaria. Los laboratorios que carezcan de los estándares mínimos expuestos en esta guía deberían trabajar en alcanzarlo(AU)

The identification of HER2 alterations in advanced gastric carcinomas is critically important in daily clinical practice as such neoplasms require specific treatment with Trastuzumab. For this reason, expert pathologists and oncologists have agreed on national guidelines for HER2 testing in gastric carcinomas. The guidelines are based on the experience of the participants and pertinent recent international publications. They outline the minimum requirements for the Pathology Laboratory in order to guarantee satisfactory routine HER2 testing. The guidelines recommend that any laboratory not fulfilling such requirements make the adjustments necessary for compliance(AU)