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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(6): 279-282, jun.-jul. 2020. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-201190

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the presence of sIgA in saliva, versus Escherichia coli secreted proteins (Esp) related to the type III secretion system (T3SS), and its semi-quantitative concentration in children under 2 years-old (no longer breastfed) who were previously colonized or infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). METHODS: We analyzed the presence of sIgA in 40 children, who previously had positive cultures for EPEC associated (n = 17) or not associated (n = 23) with diarrhea, using the Western Blot technique versus E. coli secreted proteins: EspABCD. A semi-quantitative measurement of the reaction for each protein was made by its density peaks (OD). RESULTS: We found sIgA versus all or some EspABCD proteins in both groups. However, the ill patients had higher concentrations of these antibodies than colonized patients. DISCUSSION: The presence of sIgA in saliva could reflect an intestinal immune response and their levels could be related to a greater exposure and/or bacterial load


INTRODUCCIÓN: Evaluamos la presencia de inmunoglobulina secretoria A (sIgA) frente a proteínas secretadas por E. coli (Esp) relacionadas con el sistema de secreción tipo III (T3SS) en saliva, y su concentración semicuantitativa en niños menores de 2 años (no lactantes) colonizados o infectados previamente con E. coli enteropatógena (EPEC). MÉTODOS: Analizamos la presencia de sIgA en 40 niños con cultivos positivos previos para EPEC asociados (n=17) o no (n=23) con diarrea, mediante la técnica de Western-blot frente a las proteínas secretadas por E. coli (EspABCD), realizando mediciones semicuantitativas de la reacción de cada proteína mediante sus picos de densidad (OD). RESULTADOS: Ambos grupos presentaron sIgA frente a las proteínas EspABCD, aunque los pacientes enfermos presentaron mayores concentraciones de estos anticuerpos que los colonizados. DISCUSIÓN: La presencia de sIgA en la saliva podría reflejar una respuesta inmune intestinal y sus niveles podrían estar relacionados con una mayor exposición y/o carga bacteriana


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Saliva/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A Secretora , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/imunologia , Diarreia Infantil/imunologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/imunologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Anticorpos
2.
Av. odontoestomatol ; 36(1): 11-19, ene.-abr. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192995

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Demostrar la existencia de agregación bacteriana a los materiales de sutura que suelen emplearse en la práctica odontológica, comprobar si dicha agregación está relacionada con la inflamación que sucede al acto quirúrgico y por último dar recomendaciones sobre què tipo de sutura se adapta mejor para la prevención de la adherencia bacteriana. MATERIAL Y MÈTODO: Búsqueda bibliográfica a travès de las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane y Scielo empleando las palabras clave: surgical sutures, bacterial adherence. Como criterios de inclusión se aceptaron los estudios publicados en los últimos 15 años, in vivo o in vitro en relación con la cirugía oral y con un nivel de evidencia científico superior a 3 según los criterios de evidencia científica. Fueron excluidas todas aquellas publicaciones que no tenían como objeto de estudio las sutura seda, Nylon™, Supramid™, Monocryl™, Vicryl™ o Vicryl Plus™. Tambièn se excluyeron todas aquellas publicaciones que no relacionaban los materiales de sutura a la agregación bacteriana. RESULTADOS: Un total de 9 publicaciones se organizaron en función del tipo de sutura empleada, si eran estudios in vivo o in vitro, el número de pacientes/muestras, tiempo transcurrido hasta la remoción de las suturas, si se realizaron controles, si existió algún tipo de reacción inflamatoria, que tipo de bacterias se agregaron y que material obtuvo mayor agregación. DISCUSIÓN: Los materiales de sutura que mayor acúmulo de placa bacteriana presentan bajo las mismas condiciones de tiempo de exposición a bacterias, son los de tipo multifilamento reabsorbible no tratados con antimicrobianos


OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the existence of bacterial aggregation to the suture materials that are usually used in dental practice, to verify if aggregation is related to the inflammation that occurs after the surgical act and finally give recommendations on what type of suture is best suited for the prevention of bacterial adhesion. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Bibliographic search through PubMed, Cochrane and Scielo databases using the keywords: surgical sutures, bacterial adherence. Inclusion criteria were accepted studies published in the last 15 years, in vivo or in vitro in relation to oral surgery and with a level of scientific evidence of more than 3 according to the criteria of scientific evidence. All those publications that did not have the suture subject Silk, Nylon™, Supramid™, Monocryl™, Vicryl™ or Vicryl Plus™ were excluded. All publications that did not relate suture materials to bacterial aggregation were also excluded. RESULTS: A total of 9 publications were organized according to the type of suture used, whether they were in vivo or in vitro studies, the number of patients/samples, time elapsed until removal of the sutures, controls if they were performed, any type of inflammatory reaction, which type of bacteria were added and which material obtained greater aggregation. DISCUSSION: The suture materials with the greatest accumulation of bacterial plaque present under the same conditions of exposure to bacteria, are the reabsorbable multifilament type not treated with antimicrobials


Assuntos
Humanos , Aderência Bacteriana , Suturas/microbiologia , Cirurgia Bucal , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Boca/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Suturas/classificação
3.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 25(1): e13-e20, ene. 2020. graf, ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-196191

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Morphological, physical and chemical properties of both implants and prostheses can determine the biofilm formation on their surface and increase the risk of biological complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of biofilm formation of Candida albicans on different materials used to manufacture abutments and prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biofilm formation was analyzed on cp grade II titanium, cobalt-chromium alloy and zirconia, silicone, acrylic resin (polymethylmethacrylate) and nano-hybrid composite. Some samples were partially covered with lithium disilicate glass ceramic to study specifically the junction areas. C. albicans was incubated in a biofilm reactor at 37 °C with agitation. The biofilm formation was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours. In addition, the morphology of the biofilm was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: C. albicans developed biofilms on the surface of all materials tested. Cobalt-chromium alloy showed the lowest density of adhered biofilm, followed by zirconia and titanium. Silicone and resin showed up to 20 times higher density of biofilm. A higher biofilm formation was observed when junctions of materials presented micro-pores or imperfections. CONCLUSIONS: The biofilm formed in the three materials used in the manufacture of abutments and prostheses showed no major differences, being far less dense than in the resins. Two clinical recommendations can be made: to avoid the presence of resins in the subgingival area of implant prostheses and to design prostheses placing cobalt-chromium alloy/ceramic or titanium/ceramic junctions as far as possible from implants


No disponible


Assuntos
Dente Suporte/microbiologia , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prótese Dentária/microbiologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Materiais Dentários , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Teste de Materiais , Propriedades de Superfície , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 94(12): 609-613, dic. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190014

RESUMO

Se presentan tres casos de pacientes anoftálmicos con implantes orbitarios expuestos. Aunque solo un paciente mostraba signos clínicos evidentes de infección, los tres implantes fueron estudiados para determinar la presencia de microorganismos adheridos a su superficie mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB) y cultivo microbiológico. La MEB permitió la visualización de microorganismos adheridos a los tres implantes, si bien solo uno de ellos presentó crecimiento en los cultivos microbiológicos. Además, la técnica de MEB empleada en el caso número 3 consiguió una mejor orientación y apreciación de los microorganismos respecto a las imágenes de los casos número 1 y 2. Estos hallazgos apoyan la idea de que la superficie de los implantes orbitarios expuestos está colonizada por microorganismos incluso cuando todavía no muestran signos evidentes de infección. Por lo tanto, es necesario una eliminación mecánica de la superficie expuesta del implante antes de recubrirla con injertos o colgajos


Three cases are presented of anophthalmic patients with exposed orbital implants. Although only one patient showed evident clinical signs of infection, all three implants were studied to determine the presence of microorganisms adhered to their surface using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microbiological culture. The SEM allowed the visualisation of microorganisms adhered to the three implants, although only one of them showed growth in the microbiological cultures. In addition, the SEM technique used in case No. 3 achieved a better orientation and appreciation of the microorganisms with respect to the images of cases No. 1 and 2. These findings support the idea that the surface of exposed orbital implants is colonised by microorganisms, even when they still do not show obvious signs of infection. Therefore, mechanical removal of the exposed surface of the implant is necessary before covering it with grafts or flaps


Assuntos
Humanos , Aderência Bacteriana , Implantes Orbitários/microbiologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Micrococcus/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
5.
Rev. calid. asist ; 31(3): 152-158, mayo-jun. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-153368

RESUMO

Objetivos. Primero, valorar la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la guía de práctica clínica de manejo de la infección por Clostridium difficile de las sociedades americanas de enfermedades infecciosas y epidemiología de 2010 y evaluar su influencia en la evolución de los pacientes. Segundo, identificar las recomendaciones no aplicadas en la práctica para su posterior implementación. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de pacientes con síntomas clínicos compatibles y positividad para toxinas A y/o B de C. difficile en heces, en un servicio de medicina interna de un hospital de tercer nivel, en un período de 36 meses. Se recogieron datos clínicos, demográficos, evolutivos, factores de riesgo y la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la guía de práctica clínica. Resultados. Se identificaron 77 pacientes con infección por C. difficile (87 episodios). La estratificación por gravedad mostró un 49,3% de pacientes leves-moderados, 35,1% graves y 15,6% graves-complicados. La adherencia completa a las recomendaciones terapéuticas se observó en 40,2% de pacientes y fue significativamente mejor en los leves-moderados (71,0%), que en los graves (7,4%) o graves complicados (16,6%) (p < 0,003). La adherencia se asoció significativamente a una mayor probabilidad de curación (57% vs 42%) y menor de recurrencia (22,2% vs 77,7%) y mortalidad (25% vs 75%) (p < 0,01). Las recomendaciones no implementadas fueron la estratificación de la gravedad de los pacientes y la adecuación del tratamiento antibiótico a la categoría de gravedad clínica. Conclusiones. La adherencia a las recomendaciones terapéuticas de las guías es baja, especialmente en pacientes graves y graves complicados, asociándose a un peor curso evolutivo. Se precisan intervenciones educacionales para mejorar su aplicación (AU)


Objectives. The first aim was to determine whether patients are being treated in accordance with the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA/SHEA) Clostridium difficile guidelines and whether adherence impacts patient outcomes. The second aim was to identify specific action items in the guidelines that are not being translated into clinical practice, for their subsequent implementation. Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted over a 36 month period, on patients with compatible clinical symptoms and positive test for C. difficile toxins A and/or B in stool samples, in an internal medicine department of a tertiary medical centre. Patient demographic and clinical data (outcomes, comorbidity, risk factors) and compliance with guidelines, were examined. Results. A total of 77 patients with C. difficile infection were identified (87 episodes). Stratified by disease severity criteria, 49.3% of patients were mild-moderate, 35.1% severe, and 15.6% severe-complicated. Full adherence with the guidelines was observed in only 40.2% of patients, and was significantly better for mild-moderate (71.0%), than in severe (7.4%) or severe-complicated patients (16.6%) (P < .003). Adherence was significantly associated with clinical cure (57% vs 42%), fewer recurrences (22.2% vs 77.7%), and mortality (25% vs 75%) (P < .01). The stratification of severity of the episode, and the adequacy of antibiotic to clinical severity, need improvement. Conclusions. Overall adherence with the guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection was poor, especially in severe and severe-complicated patients, being associated with worse clinical outcomes. Educational interventions aimed at improving guideline adherence are warranted (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Clostridioides difficile , Aderência Bacteriana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico
6.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(10): 631-637, dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130105

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los avances en el tratamiento antirretroviral han mejorado la esperanza de vida de niños con infección por VIH por transmisión vertical. Sin embargo, han aparecido nuevos retos. Planteamos este estudio con el objetivo de determinar los aspectos psicosociales y el conocimiento sobre su enfermedad en una cohorte de adolescentes con infección por VIH por transmisión vertical. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron pacientes con infección por VIH por transmisión vertical con edades comprendidas entre 12-19 años. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevista semiestructurada y el Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire para cribado de trastornos emocionales y de conducta. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 96 pacientes (58% mujeres) con mediana de edad de 15 años (11-19,1) y mediana de edad del diagnóstico de 1,70 años (0-12,2). La mediana de CD4 en el momento del corte fue 626 céls/mm3 (132-998); el 72% de los pacientes presentaban una carga viral < 50 cop/ml. El 90% asistía al colegio; de ellos, el 60% había repetido algún curso. Conocían su diagnóstico el 81%. Solo el 30% conocía bien su enfermedad y el 18,2% había compartido el diagnóstico con sus amistades. Se detectaron 6 embarazos durante el periodo de estudio. El Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire mostró riesgo de hiperactividad en el 33%. CONCLUSIÓN: Se objetivan dificultades psicosociales en un elevado porcentaje de pacientes (conocimiento de la enfermedad, relación con pares, fracaso escolar...) que podrían tener impacto en su incorporación a la vida adulta. Son necesarios más estudios para profundizar en el origen y evolución de las dificultades observadas, así como intervenir para prevenir y modificar esta situación


INTRODUCTION: Thanks to advances in antiretroviral treatment, children with HIV infections through vertical transmission have improved their life expectancy. However, new challenges have emerged. We propose this study in order to determine the psychosocial aspects and knowledge of infections in a cohort of adolescents with vertically transmitted HIV infections. METHODS: Patients with vertically-acquired HIV infection between 12 and 19 years old were included. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for emotional and behavioral disorders screening. RESULTS: We evaluated 96 patients (58% females) with a median age of 15 years (11-19.1) and a median age at diagnosis of 1.70 years (0-12.2). The median CD4 count was 626 cells/mm3 (132-998), and the viral load was < 50 cp/ml in 72% of patients. Among them, 90% attended school and 60% repeated at least one course. Although 81% of them knew of their diagnosis, only 30% understood their disease, with 18.2% having discussed it with friends. Six unwanted pregnancies occurred during the study period. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire showed hyperactivity risk in 33%. CONCLUSION: A high percentage of adolescents show difficulties in several areas (disease knowledge, peer relationship, school failure...) that can have an impact on their adult lives. Further studies are needed to evaluate their origin and development in depth, as well as interventions to modify this situation


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , HIV/isolamento & purificação , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/metabolismo , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/microbiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Apoio Social , Impacto Psicossocial , Baixo Rendimento Escolar , Aderência Bacteriana , Reação de Imunoaderência/métodos , Adesão à Medicação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Diagnóstico Precoce
7.
Int. microbiol ; 16(4): 235-242, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-125454

RESUMO

The attachment of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 28213 onto six different materials used to manufacture dental implant abutments was quantitatively determined after 2 and 24 h of contact between the materials and the bacterial cultures. The materials were topographically characterized and their wettability determined, with both parameters subsequently related to bacterial adhesion. Atomic force microscopy, interferometry, and contact angle measurement were used to characterize the materials’ surfaces. The results showed that neither roughness nor nano-roughness greatly influenced bacterial attachment whereas wettability strongly correlated with adhesion. After 2 h the degree of E. coli attachment markedly differed depending on the material whereas similar differences were not observed for S. aureus, which yielded consistently higher counts of adhered cells. Nevertheless, after 24 h the adhesion of the two species to the different test materials no longer significantly differed, although on all surfaces the numbers of finally adhered E. coli were higher than those of S. aureus (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Aderência Bacteriana , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Dente Suporte/microbiologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/análise , Materiais Dentários/análise , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana
8.
Enferm. glob ; 12(32): 288-319, oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115719

RESUMO

Objetivo: Estudio de revision que analizó la investigación sobre la adherencia al tratamiento de la malaria producida entre 2000-2011. Métodos: 27 artículos se obtuvieron a partir de la busca en varias bases de datos, utilizando la combinación de diversos descriptores relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento y a la malaria. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios se realizó en África y América Latina y el tipo más investigado de la malaria fue Plasmodium falciparum. Los esquemas terapéuticos más comúnmente utilizados en la investigación fueron la cloroquina y primaquina, y artemeter-lumefantrina y combinaciones de la sulfadoxina-pirimetamina con otras drogas. Los niños fueron las personas más estudiadas. Se emplearon varios métodos para medir la adherencia. Hubo variabilidad en las tasas de prevalencia de adherencia/no adherencia. Pocos estudios han buscado conocer los factores que contribuyen a la adherencia/ no adherencia al tratamiento de medicamentos antipalúdicos. Conclusión: Existen lagunas a ser completadas con la realización de investigaciones para verificar la prevalencia de la adherencia al tratamiento de la malaria en los países latino-american (AU)


Objective: Study review that analyzed some research on adherence to treatment of malaria produced during 2000-2011. Methods: We obtained 27 articles in a search made in several databases, using a combination of several descriptors related to treatment adherence and malaria. Results: Most studies were conducted in Africa and Latin America and the type of malaria researched was Plasmodium falciparum. Therapeutic regimens commonly used in research were chloroquine and primaquine, and artemether-lumefantrine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combinations with other drugs. The children were the most studied subject. Several methods were used for measuring compliance. There was variability in prevalence rates of adherence / non adherence. Few studies have sought to determine factors that contribute to adherence / nonadherence to antimalarial drugs. Conclusion: There are gaps that must be filled with research conducted to verify the prevalence of adherence to malaria treatment in Latin American countries (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Malária/enfermagem , Malária/terapia , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Serviços de Saúde , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento/ética , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Sulfadoxina/uso terapêutico , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Recusa do Médico a Tratar/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/educação , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 26(3): 214-219, sept. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115564

RESUMO

Objetivos. El género Legionella engloba especies muy pleomórficas responsables de brotes infecciosos en humanos. En la aparición de los mismos tiene gran importancia el desarrollo de biofilms en ecosistemas acuáticos artificiales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la dinámica de crecimiento y la evolución de la estructura interna de colonias de especies representativas del género como modelo de biofilm estático. Material y métodos. Colonias aisladas de Legionella pneumophila y Legionella bozemanii crecidas en medios específicos durante tres y quince días fueron procesadas por métodos histológicos de inclusión en parafina y resina epoxi para su análisis mediante microscopía óptica, microscopía electrónica y análisis de imagen. Resultados. En las colonias de ambas especies se observaron patrones arquitecturales definidos y específicos, basados en la estratificación y que evolucionan en el tiempo. Los estratos se diferencian por la cantidad de matriz extracelular, la morfología y densidad poblacional y la proporción de células muertas. La estructura interna de las colonias de tres días presentaba grandes diferencias entre L. pneumophila (dos estratos) y L. bozemanii (cuatro estratos). Sin embargo, en las colonias de quince días ambas especies evolucionaron hacia un patrón único común formado por tres estratos. En ambas especies se comprobó también el crecimiento en el interior del medio de cultivo, aunque este fenómeno fue mucho más intenso en L. bozemanii, con invasiones únicas, centrales y de gran tamaño. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados demuestran que las colonias de Legionella sobre medio de cultivo sólido son un buen modelo de biofilm estático, con una dinámica estructural compleja caracterizada por la presencia de subpoblaciones morfológicas y funcionales. La aproximación histológica empleada en este modelo permitirá estudiar adaptaciones evolutivas de comunidades multicelulares a medios hostiles, así como la respuesta a los antimicrobianos de las especies de Legionella de interés clínico (AU)


Objectives. The genus Legionella includes very pleomorphic species responsible for disease outbreaks in humans. The appearance of such has great importance to develop artificial biofilms in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of growth and evolution of the internal structure of colonies of representative species of the genus as static biofilm model. Methods. Isolated colonies of Legionella pneumophila and Legionella bozemanii grown in specific media for three and fifteen days were processed for histological methods and embedded in paraffin and epoxy resin for analysis by light microscopy, electron microscopy and image analysis. Results. In colonies of both species were observed and defined specific architectural patterns, based on stratification and evolve over time. The strata differ in the amount of extracellular matrix, the morphology and population density and the proportion of dead cells. The internal structure of three days colonies showed large differences between L. pneumophila (two layers) and L. bozemanii (four layers). However, in the fifteen days colonies of both species evolved towards a common unique pattern formed by three layers. In both species the growth was also found within the culture medium, although this phenomenon was more intense in L. bozemanii with unique, central and larger invasions. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that Legionella colonies on solid culture media are a good model of static biofilm with a complex structural dynamics characterized by the presence of morphological and functional subpopulations. We bring here an histological approach model, allowing, in further research, detailed studies in evolutionary adaptations in multicellular communities to adverse media and to antimicrobials in Legionella species of clinical interest (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biofilmes/classificação , Biofilmes , Adesinas Bacterianas , Adesinas Bacterianas/uso terapêutico , Legionella pneumophila , Legionella pneumophila/imunologia , Legionella pneumophila/metabolismo , Aderência Bacteriana , Microscopia/instrumentação , Microscopia Eletrônica/instrumentação , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica
10.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 16(4): 561-567, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-93052

RESUMO

Objectives: Surface attributes of a restoration play an important role in adherence of plaque bacteria. Prophylaxismethods may be involved in modification of or damaging the restoration surface. The aim of the present studywas to evaluate the effect of two prophylaxis methods on adherence of Streptococcus mutans to the surface of tworestorative materials. Study design: A total of 60 specimens were prepared from each material; a microfilled compositeresin (HelioProgress) and a giomer (Beautifil II). For each material, the specimens were randomly dividedinto three groups (n=20). Group 1: no prophylaxis treatment (control); Group 2: prophylaxis with pumice andrubber cup; Group 3: prophylaxis with air-powder polishing device (APD). The surfaces of selected specimensfrom each group were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface topography formedby the two prophylaxis methods was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adherence of Streptococcusmutans to the surface of specimens was determined by the plate counting method following immersion in abacterial innoculum for 4 hours, rinsing and sonication. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hocTukey test for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Bacterial adherence wassignificantly affected by both factors: restorative material type and prophylaxis method (P<0.0005). Mean bacterialadhesion was significantly higher in composite groups compared to corresponding giomer groups. Withineach material, bacterial adherence was significantly lower in the control group compared to prophylaxis groups.Prophylaxis with pumice and rubber cup resulted in a significantly lower bacterial adherence compared to (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Streptococcus mutans , Resinas Compostas , Aderência Bacteriana , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis
11.
Int. microbiol ; 14(1): 25-32, mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-94603

RESUMO

Forty nine Campylobacter jejuni isolates from cattle feces collected from Alberta feedlots and 50 clinical C. jejuni isolates from people in Alberta were tested for the presence of 14 genes encoding putative virulence factors by PCR. These included genes implicated in adherence and colonization (flaC, cadF, docC, racR, jlpA, peb1, and dnaJ), invasion (virB11, ciaB, pldA, and iamA) and protection against harsh conditions (htrA, cbrA, and sodB). The genes examined were widely distributed in both the cattle fecal isolates and the human isolates. Of the isolates tested, 67% contained all of the genes except virB11. The cadF gene was found in 100% of the isolates tested. The presence or absence of virulence-associated genes was not associated with the ability of the organism to colonize birds. All of the C. jejuni isolates used to challenge birds were able to colonize the animals regardless of virulence gene profile. While some diversity in the profile of the occurrence of virulence-associated genes in C. jejuni exists, the distribution of these putative virulence-associated genes isolates from feedlot cattle feces and humans in Alberta was similar. In addition it was not possible to predict the ability of the selected isolates to colonize young chicks based on the presence of these genes coding for virulence determinants (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Campylobacter jejuni/patogenicidade , Infecções por Campylobacter/transmissão , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Aderência Bacteriana , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Alberta , Fezes/microbiologia
12.
Rev. fitoter ; 10(1): 5-21, mayo 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83006

RESUMO

Esta revisión explora la posible relación entre metabolitos del arándano americano o cranberry (fruto de Vaccinium macrocarpon) y un efecto beneficioso sobre la salud humana. Estudios in vitro sobre E. coli han demostrado que el arándano americano posee efecto de antiadhesión bacteriana por su contenido en proantocianidinas (PAC) tipo A, de forma dosis-dependiente. Numerosos estudios en distintas poblaciones han demostrado su efecto preventivo en el desarrollo de infecciones urinarias. Su aparente falta de riesgo durante la gestación, su buena tolerancia y la ausencia de interacciones significativas con fármacos está permitiendo su uso generalizado. Existen estudios experimentales y preclínicos que sugieren posibles beneficios del arándano americano en el terreno antitumoral y antioxidativo. Ensayos clínicos lo vinculan a la prevención de la enfermedad gástrica por H. pylori y de la enfermedad periodontal. Para estas aplicaciones, sin embargo, se deberían desarrollar nuevos estudios que expliquen el mecanismo de acción y confirmen las expectativas clínicas (AU)


This review explores possible relationship between metabolites of cranberry (fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon) and its beneficial effect on human health. In vitro studies in E. coli have shown that Cranberry has anti bacterial adhesion effect due to its content of proanthocyanidin (PAC) type A, in a dose-dependent way. Many studies have shown its preventive effect in the development of urinary infections in different populations. Its apparent lack of risk during gestation, good tolerability and absence of significative interactions with drugs are allowing their widespread use. Preclinic studies suggest possible benefits of cranberry in antitumoral and antioxidative fields. Clinical assays link cranberry with the prevention of both gastric disease caused by H. pylori and periodontal disease. However, for these applications, additional studies are needed to explain the mechanisms and to confirm clinical expectatives (AU)


Esta revisão aborda possíveis relações entre metabolitos do arando americano (fruto do Vaccinium macrocarpon) e um efeito benéfico sobre a saúde humana. Estudos in vitro em E. coli mostraram que o arando americano tem efeito de anti-adesão bacteriana pelo seu conteúdo em proantocianidinas (PAC) do tipo A, de forma dosedependente. Vários estudos em diferentes populações têm demonstrado o seu efeito preventivo sobre o desenvolvimento de infecções do tracto urinário. A sua aparente falta de risco durante a gravidez, boa tolerância e ausência de interacções significativas com fármacos tem permitido o seu uso generalizado. Existem estudos experimentais e pré-clínicos que sugerem possíveis benefícios do arando americano como anti-tumural e antioxidante. Ensaios clínicos associam-no à prevenção da doença gástrica por H. pylori e doença periodontal. Para estas aplicações, no entanto, mais estudos devem ser desenvolvidos para explicar o mecanismo de acção e confirmar as expectativas clínicas (AU)


Assuntos
Vaccinium macrocarpon/imunologia , Vaccinium macrocarpon/metabolismo , Vaccinium macrocarpon/fisiologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Pesquisa/métodos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais/métodos , Proantocianidinas/síntese química , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêutico , Espectrofotometria/instrumentação , Doenças Periodontais/tratamento farmacológico , Pesquisa/normas , Pesquisa/tendências , Escherichia coli , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Infecciosos Urinários/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos Urinários/farmacocinética , Aderência Bacteriana
13.
Sanid. mil ; 65(4): 246-258, oct.-dic. 2009. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87063

RESUMO

Bacterial biofilms are stratified microbial communities imbibed in an extracellular polymer and adhered to a solid surface in an aquatic environment. They might be integrated by one or several species and are organized in complex communities selfregulated by an efficient communication system. They protect themselves against hostile agents assembling with their own materials a peculiar architecture with an interior network of channels guaranteeing the supply of water, nutrients and gases to the majority of its components. Moreover, through the modulation of these chemical signals, individual cells or small groups detach themselves and occupy new grounds initiating the slow but inexorable invasion of a habitat. The damage to the warships’ hull; biocorrosion of the weaponry and other alloy materials –or non metallic ones– susceptible to moisture; biodegradation of excess of trinitrotoluene; foodborne diseases due to cross contaminations; oral pathologies; persistent infections in chronic wounds; contamination of the water supply in military barracks; development of slime on the walls of the water tanks, in cisterns or fountains of the military barracks dining-halls; persistence of Legionella spp in the cooling towers or the antibiotic resistance in infections after implantation of joint prosthesis or any other clinical device; these are frequent situations in which biofilm-producing microorganisms participate in their emergence and evolution. In this article the different phases leading to their development are described, the regulation mechanisms and the strategies that allow their survival in a hostile environment against the action of the biocides or the immune response of the host (AU)


Los biofilmes bacterianos o biopelículas son comunidades estratificadas de células embebidas en un polímero extracelular y adheridas a una superficie sólida en un medio acuático; están constituidos por una única especie o por especies diferentes. Se organizan en comunidades complejas autorreguladas gracias a un eficaz sistema de comunicación, protegiéndose frente a los agentes hostiles mediante la construcción con materiales propios, de una estructura de arquitectura particular y dotada de una red interior de canalizaciones, que garantiza el abastecimiento de agua, nutrientes y gases a la mayoría de los integrantes. Además, a través de modificaciones de estas señales químicas, células individuales o pequeños grupos se destacan en avanzadas sobre el terreno y, tras afianzarse sobre la posición, retoman la pausada pero inexorable invasión de un hábitat. El deterioro de los cascos de los buques de guerra; la biocorrosión del armamento y de otros materiales de aleación −o no metálicos− susceptibles de humedecerse; la biodegradación de excedentes de trinitrotolueno; la presentación de infecciones alimentarias por contaminaciones cruzadas; la incidencia de patologías bucodentales; las infecciones pertinaces en las heridas crónicas; la contaminación de las redes de distribución de agua de los acuartelamientos; la aparición de limos en las paredes de los depósitos de instalaciones interiores, en los aljibes o en las fuentes de los comedores colectivos militares; la persistencia de Legionella spp. en las torres de refrigeración o la antibiorresistencia de infecciones surgidas tras la implantación de prótesis articulares o de cualquier otro dispositivo de uso clínico, son situaciones frecuentes en cuya gestación y evolución posterior, intervienen microorganismos formando biofilmes. En este trabajo se describen las distintas etapas que conducen a su desarrollo, los mecanismos de regulación y las estrategias que les permiten sobrevivir en un medio desfavorable, venciendo la acción de los biocidas o la respuesta inmunitaria del hospedador (AU)


Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biodiversidade , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Adesinas Bacterianas , Praguicidas/farmacocinética , Fímbrias Bacterianas , Lectinas
14.
Int. microbiol ; 12(4): 243-251, dic. 2009. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-77877

RESUMO

A collection of 69 eae-positive strains expressing 29 different intimin types and eight tir alleles was characterized with respect to their adherence patterns to HeLa cells, ability to promote actin accumulation in vitro, the presence of bfpA alleles in positive strains, and bundle-forming pilus (BFP) expression. All of the nine typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (tEPEC) studied harbored the enteropathogenic E. coli adherence factor (EAF) plasmid, as shown by PCR and/or EAF probe results. In addition, they were positive for bfpA, as shown by PCR, and BFP expression, as confirmed by immunofluorescence (IFL) and/or immunoblotting (IBL) assays. Localized adherence (LA) was exclusively displayed by those nine tEPEC, while localized-adherence-like (LAL) was the most frequent pattern among atypical EPEC (aEPEC) and Shiga-toxinproducing E. coli (STEC). All LA and LAL strains were able to cause attaching and effacing (AE) lesions, as established by means of the FAS test. There was a significant association between the presence of tir allele alpha1 and bfpA-positive strains, and consequently, with the LA pattern. However, intimin type or bfpA was not associated with the adherence pattern displayed in HeLa cells. Among the eight bfpA alleles detected, a new type (beta10; accession number FN391178) was identified in a strain of serotype O157:H45, and a truncated variant (beta3.2-t; accession number FN 391181) in four strains belonging to different pathotypes (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Aderência Bacteriana , Actinas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica/patogenicidade , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/patogenicidade , Alelos , Fímbrias Bacterianas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genótipo , Células HeLa , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Plasmídeos
16.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 24(4): 268-271, 2007. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74997

RESUMO

Las biopelículas están constituidas por microcolonias incluidas dentro de unamatriz polimérica y representan una forma de crecimiento microbiano.Candida albicans puede colonizar las superficies de catéteres, prótesis yepitelios formando biopelículas que son resistentes a las drogas antifúngicas.El objetivo de este trabajo fue la caracterización genotípica de aislamientosclínicos de C. albicans formadores de biopelículas usando la técnica RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA).Fueron estudiados 25 aislamientos clínicos de C. albicans de fauces, sangre,piel, uñas, materia fecal, biopsia de esófago, y flujo vaginal de pacientescon candidiasis. Cada cepa fue previamente analizada en su capacidad decrecer y adherirse a la superficie de poliestireno, y la cuantificación de labiopelícula formada fue realizada mediante el ensayo de reducción de XTT[2,3-bis (2-metoxi-4 nitro-5 sulfofenil) -2 H tetrazolio-5 carboxanilida].Los coeficientes de similitud generados por RAPD variaron entre el 49 y el 91%con los cuatro iniciadores usados, revelando un alto nivel de variabilidadgenética. El dendrograma agrupó los aislamientos en cuatro grupos, incluyendotodos ellos cepas con muy diferente capacidad para formar biopelículas.Aislamientos con genotipos similares mostraron diferente capacidad deformación de biopelículas. Las cepas fueron agrupadas independientemente delorigen de la muestra. Nuestros resultados sugieren que en poblacionesnaturales de C. albicans no existe correlación entre la capacidad de formarbiopelículas y el genotipo determinado por PCR-RAPD(AU)


Biofilms are microbial communities encased in a self-produced polymeric matrixand represent a common mode of microbial growth. Candida albicans is able tocolonize the surface of catheters, prostheses, and epithelia, forming biofilms thatare highly resistant to antimicrobial drugs. The objective of this study was thegenotypic characterization of biofilm-forming C. albicans clinical isolates usingRAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA).We have studied 25 clinical isolates of C. albicans from oral cavities, blood, skin,nail, stool, oesophagus biopsy and vaginal fluids from patients suffering fromcandidiasis. For each strain biofilm formation was analysed by measuring theability to adhere to and grow on polystyrene plastic surfaces using XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxi-4nitro-5sulfophenil) -2H tetrazolium-5carboxanilide] reduction assay.The similarity coefficients generated by RAPD using four different primers variedfrom 49 to 91%, indicating a high degree of genetic variability between theclinical isolates. The dendrogram clustered the isolates in four related groups, allgroups included strains with very different abilities to form biofilms. The isolateswith similar genotypes often showed very different biofilm formation abilities.Strains were grouped into clusters independently of their clinical sources.Our results suggested that a direct correlation does not exist between thebiofilm-forming ability of natural populations of C. albicans and the genotype asdetermined by RAPD(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Candida albicans/genética , Candidíase/microbiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aderência Bacteriana , Variação Genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação
17.
Int. microbiol ; 9(4): 267-272, dic. 2006. ilus
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-055835

RESUMO

A magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote (MMP) is an assembly of bacterial cells organized side by side in a hollow sphere in which each cell faces both the external environment and an internal acellular compartment in the center of the multicellular organism. MMPs swim as a unit propelled by the coordinated beating of the many flagella on the external surface of each cell. At every stage of its life cycle, MMPs are multicellular. Initially, a spherical MMP grows by enlarging the size of each of its cells, which then divide. Later, the cells separate into two identical spheres. Swimming individual cells of MMPs have never been observed. Here we have used fluorescent dyes and electron microscopy to study the viability of individual MMP cells. When separated from the MMP, the cells cease to move and they no longer respond to magnetic fields. Viability tests indicated that, although several cells could separate from a MMP before completely losing their motility and viability, all of the separated cells were dead. Our data show that the high level of cellular organization in MMPs is essential for their motility, magnetotactic behavior, and viability (AU)


Un procariota multicelular magnetotáctico (MMP en inglés) es un conjunto de células bacterianas dispuestas una al lado de otra en una esfera hueca en la que cada célula se enfrenta tanto hacia el ambiente externo como hacia un compartimento acelular interno en el centro del organismo multicelular. Los MMPs pueden nadar como una unidad propulsadas por el batir coordinado de los numerosos flagelos de la superficie exterior de cada célula. Todas las fases del ciclo vital de los MMPs son multicelulares. Inicialmente, un MMP esférico crece debido al aumento del tamaño de cada célula, y entonces las células se dividen. Después, las células se separan, formando dos esferas idénticas. Nunca se han observado células individuales de MMPs nadando. Describimos el estudio de la viabilidad de las células individuales de MMP realizado con tinciones fluorescentes y el microscopio electrónico. Cuando se separan del MMP, las células dejan de moverse y ya no responden a campos magnéticos. Las pruebas de viabilidad indican que todas las células separadas están muertas. Varias células se pueden separar de un MMP antes de que ésta pierda completamente su movilidad y viabilidad. Nuestros datos indican que el alto nivel de organización celular de los MMPs es esencial para su movilidad, comportamiento magnetotáctico y viabilidad (AU)


Assuntos
Células Procarióticas/microbiologia , Sobrevivência Celular , Magnetismo , Bactérias/citologia , Morte Celular , Aderência Bacteriana
18.
Int. microbiol ; 9(1): 21-28, mar. 2006. ilus
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-044836

RESUMO

Microorganisms can live and proliferate as individual cells swimming freely in the environment, or they can grow as highly organized, multicellular communities encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix in close association with surfaces and interfaces. This microbial lifestyle is referred to as biofilms. The intense search over the last few years for factors involved in biofilm development has revealed that distantly related bacterial species recurrently make use of the same elements to produce biofilms. These common elements include a group of proteins containing GGDEF/EAL domains, surface proteins homologous to Bap of Staphylococcus aureus, and some types of exopolysaccharides, such as cellulose and the poly-b-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine. This review summarizes current knowledge about these three common elements and their role in biofilm development (AU)


Los microorganismos pueden vivir y proliferar como células individuales que nadan libremente en el medio o crecer en comunidades multicelulares muy bien organizadas dentro de una matriz que ellas mismas han sintetizado y asociadas a superficies o interfases. Esta forma de vida microbiana recibe el nombre de biopelículas. La búsqueda intensa de los factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de la biopelícula llevada a cabo estos últimos años ha revelado que especies bacterianas filogenéticamente alejadas recurren a los mismos elementos para producir la biopelícula. Entre los elementos comunes identificados hay proteínas que contienen los dominios GGDEF/EAL, proteínas de superficie que muestran homología con la proteína Bap de Staphylococcus aureus, y algunos exopolisacaridos, como la celulosa y la poli-b-1,6-N-acetilglucosamina. Esta revisión resume los conocimientos actuales sobre estos tres elementos y su función en la formación de la biopelícula (AU)


Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Polissacarídeos/análise , Aderência Bacteriana , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/análise , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crescimento Bacteriano
19.
Int. microbiol ; 9(1): 37-46, mar. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-044838

RESUMO

A survey of the extracellular ATP levels of 86 heterotrophic bacteria showed that gram-negative bacteria of the genera Sulfitobacter, Staleya, and Marinobacter secreted elevated amounts of extracellular ATP, ranging from 6.0 to 9.8 pM ATP/colony forming unit (cfu), and that gram-positive bacteria of the genera Kocuria and Planococcus secreted up to 4.1 pM ATP/cfu. Variations in the levels of extracellular and intracellular ATP-dependent luminescence were monitored in living cells of Sulfitobacter mediterraneus ATCC 700856T and Planococcus maritimus F 90 during 48 h of attachment on hydrophobic (poly[tert-butyl methacrylate], PtBMA) and hydrophilic (mica) surfaces. The bacteria responded to different polymeric surfaces by producing either intracellular or extracellular ATP. The level of intracellular ATP in S. mediterraneus ATCC 700856T attached to either surface was as high as 50-55 pM ATP/cfu, while in P. maritimus F 90 it was 120 and 250 pM ATP/cfu on PtBMA and mica, respectively. S. mediterraneus ATCC 700856T generated about 20 and 50 pM of extracellular ATP/cfu on PtBMA and mica, respectively, while the amount generated by P. maritimus F 90 was about the same for both surfaces, 6 pM ATP/cfu. The levels of extracellular ATP generated by S. mediterraneus during attachment on PtBMA and mica were two to five times higher than those detected during the initial screening. High-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging revealed a potentially interesting correlation between the porous cell-surface of certain a- and g-proteobacteria and their ability to secrete high amounts of ATP (AU)


Un estudio de los niveles del ATP extracelular de 86 bacterias heterotrofas mostró que las bacterias gram-negativas de los géneros Sulfitobacter, Staleya y Marinobacter secretaron grandes cantidades de ATP extracelular 6,0 a 9,8 pM ATP/unidad formadora de colonia (cfu) y las bacterias gram-positivas de los géneros Kocuria y Planococcus secretaban cantidades de hasta 4,1 pM ATP/cfu. Las variaciones de los niveles extracelulares e intracelulares de luminiscencia dependiente de ATP fueron controlados en células vivas de Sulfitobacter mediterraneus ATCC 700856T y Planococcus maritimus F 90 durante 48 h de adherencia a superficies hidrofóbicas (poli[tert-butil metacrilato], PtBMA) e hidrofílicas (mica). Las bacterias respondieron a las diferentes superficies produciendo ATP intracelular o extracelular. El nivel de ATP intracelular en S. mediterraneus ATCC 700856T llegó hasta 50-55 pM ATP/cfu en ambas superficies, mientras que para P. maritimus F 90 fue de 120 pM ATP/cfu en PtBMA y de 250 pM ATP/cfu en mica. El ATP extracelular generado por las células de S. mediterraneus ATCC 700856T se situó entre 20 pM ATP/cfu en PtBMA y 50 pM ATP/cfu en mica, mientras que para P. maritimus F 90 era casi igual en ambas superficies, 6 pM ATP/cfu. Los niveles detectados de ATP extracelular generados por S. mediterraneus durante la adherencia a PtBMA y a mica fueron de 2 a 5 veces los detectados en el cribado inicial. Las imágenes obtenidas mediante microscopia de fuerza atómica de alta resolución pusieron de manifiesto una correlación de posible interés entre la superficie celular porosa de ciertas a- y g-proteobacterias y la capacidad de secretar grandes cantidades de ATP (AU)


Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina , Aderência Bacteriana , Bactérias/ultraestrutura , Flora Aquática , Microscopia de Força Atômica/métodos
20.
Rev. fitoter ; 5(1): 5-16, jun. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051233

RESUMO

While cranberries (fruit of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and fruits in general provide many nutritional and health promoting qualities, due to their unique proanthocyanidin (PAC) composition, cranberries al so provide an additional benefit in the form of bacterial anti-adhesion activity. This activity is being seen to have an important impact on urinary tract health, and may impact other health states where bacterial adhesion is part of the disease mechanism. Continued research on the nutritional and healthful components of cranberries will be challenging. Analytically, lack of standards makes it difficult to quantify some of these components for determining how they vary and how they may be affected by processing. Improved methods are also needed to analyze the complex fractions derived from bioassay directed fractionation. Biologically, there is a need to better understand how these components are absorbed and metabolized for determining the mechanisms involved and so markers can be identified that allow for improved monitoring of clinical study compliance


Las frutas en general tienen un valor nutricional y un efecto potenciador de la salud. El arándano americano (fruto de Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.), debido a su composición en proantocianidinas (PAC), proporciona un beneficio adicional gracias a su actividad inhibidora de la adherencia bacteriana, por lo que puede tener un efecto beneficioso en determinadas afecciones bacterianas. Desde el punto de vista analítico, la falta de sustancias de referencia dificulta la cuantificación de algunos de los componentes del arándano americano para determinar su variabilidad y cómo se pueden ver afectados por el procesamiento. Asimismo, se necesitan métodos mejorados para analizar las complejas fracciones derivadas del fraccionamiento biodirigido. Desde el punto de vista biológico, existe la necesidad de comprender mejor la forma en que estos componentes se absorben y se metabolizan para determinar los mecanismos implicados y poder identificar los marcadores que permitan una mejor supervisión del seguimiento de los estudios clínicos


Assuntos
Humanos , Vaccinium macrocarpon/química , Proantocianidinas/isolamento & purificação , Proantocianidinas/uso terapêutico , Aderência Bacteriana , Fitoterapia , Proantocianidinas/farmacocinética
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