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2.
An Real Acad Farm ; 86(1): 29-60, ene.-mar. 2020. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-190872

RESUMO

El virus vaccinia modificado de Ankara (MVA) ha alcanzado la madurez como sistema de administración de antígenos y como candidato vacunal frente a un amplio espectro de enfermedades infecciosas gracias al conocimiento derivado de las investigaciones sobre la interacción entre el virus y la célula hospedadora, el perfil de expresión génica que estimula, la distribución tras su inoculación y la inmunogenicidad mostrada en ensayos preclínicos y clínicos. En esta revisión, se engloban las principales aportaciones que hemos realizado desde el conocimiento básico de la biología del vector MVA, tanto in vitro como in vivo, en comparación con la cepa atenuada NYVAC, hasta su evaluación como candidato vacunal frente al VIH/SIDA en ensayos clínicos. Detallaremos la generación y caracterización del vector recombinante MVA que expresa los antígenos Env, Gag, Pol y Nef del subtipo B del VIH-1 (denominado MVA-B) y revisaremos los datos preclínicos que respaldaron la evaluación de MVA-B como la primera vacuna profiláctica y terapéutica frente al VIH-1 ensayada en humanos en España. Además, valoraremos los resultados de los ensayos clínicos y discutiremos las líneas de investigación en las que estamos trabajando actualmente considerando los últimos avances científicos en el campo de vacunas frente al VIH


The highly attenuated poxvirus strain modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has reached maturity as antigen delivery system and as a vaccine candidate against a broad spectrum of infectious diseases. This has been largely recognized from research on virus–host cell interactions, gene expression profiling, virus distribution and immunological studies in preclinical and clinical trials. This review includes our main contributions from the basic knowledge of the biology of the MVA vector, both in vitro and in vivo, in comparison with the attenuated NYVAC strain, to its evaluation as a vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS in clinical trials. We will detail the generation and characterization of the recombinant poxvirus vector MVA expressing the HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol and Nef antigens from clade B (referred as MVA-B) and review the preclinical data that supported the evaluation of MVA-B as the first in human HIV-1 prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine in Spain. In addition, we will assess the results of clinical trials and discuss the research projects we are currently working on considering the latest scientific advances in the HIV vaccine field


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Vacinas contra a AIDS , Expressão Gênica , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Antígenos HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
3.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 111(4): 275-282, abr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-189924

RESUMO

Introduction: increasing evidence suggests a role of intestinal dysbiosis in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The advances in recent years with regard to the role of the gut microbiota raise the potential utility of new therapeutic approaches based on the modification of the microbiome. Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the bacterial communities in obese patients with or without NAFLD to those of healthy controls. Patients and methods: the fecal microbiota composition of 20 healthy adults, 36 obese patients with NAFLD and 17 obese patients without NAFLD was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq system. Results: the results highlighted significant differences in the phylum Firmicutes between patients with and without NAFLD, which was a determining factor of the disease and supported its possible role as a marker of NAFLD. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Blautia, Alkaliphilus, Flavobacterium and Akkermansia was reduced in obese patients, both with or without NAFLD, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the number of sequences from the genus Streptococcus was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD in comparison with individuals without the disease, constituting another possible marker. Comparison of bacterial communities at the genus level by a principal coordinate analysis indicated that the bacterial communities of patients with NAFLD were dispersed and did not form a group. Conclusion: in conclusion, these results indicate the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of NAFLD associated with obesity. There was a differential microbiota profile between obese patients, with and without NAFLD. Thus, supporting gut microbiota modulation as a therapeutic alternative for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD


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Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Fígado Gorduroso/fisiopatologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Interações entre Hospedeiro e Microrganismos/imunologia , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Bacteroidetes/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , RNA Ribossômico 16S/imunologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Proteobactérias/isolamento & purificação , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia
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