Clonal relationship, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Morganella morganii isolated from community-acquired infections and hospitalized patients: a neglected opportunistic pathogen

Morganella morganii is a bacterium belonging to the normal intestinal microbiota and the environment; however, in immunocompromised individuals, this bacterium can become an opportunistic pathogen, causing a series of diseases, both in hospitals and in the community, being urinary tract infections more prevalent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, virulence profile, and resistance to antimicrobials and the clonal relationship of isolates of urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by M. morganii, both in the hospital environment and in the community of the municipality of Londrina-PR, in southern Brazil, in order to better understand the mechanisms for the establishment of the disease caused by this bacterium. Our study showed that M. morganii presents a variety of virulence factors in the studied isolates. Hospital strains showed a higher prevalence for the virulence genes zapA, iutA, and fimH, while community strains showed a higher prevalence for the ireA and iutA genes. Hospital isolates showed greater resistance compared to community isolates, as well as a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates. Several M. morganii isolates from both sources showed high genetic similarity. The most prevalent plasmid incompatibility groups detected were FIB and I1, regardless of the isolation source. Thus, M. morganii isolates can accumulate virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, making them a neglected opportunistic pathogen. (AU)

Recomendaciones de los servicios de Medicina Interna hispano-lusos en la lucha contra el cambio climático y la degradación ambiental / Recommendations of the Spanish-Portuguese Internal Medicine services in the fight against climate change and environmental degradation

Ante la gravedad del impacto sobre la salud del cambio climático y la degradación ambiental 32 sociedades, colegios y asociaciones de Medicina Interna de 29 países de habla hispana y lusa divulgan un documento de consenso en que llaman a la implicación de los médicos y todos los profesionales de salud en la lucha global contra las causas de estos cambios. Este compromiso requiere la cooperación de las organizaciones relacionadas con la salud, elaboración e implementación de buenas prácticas de sostenibilidad ambiental, sensibilización de los profesionales de la salud y de la población, promoción de la educación e investigación en esta área, refuerzo de la resiliencia climática y la sostenibilidad ambiental de los sistemas de salud, combatir las desigualdades y proteger a las poblaciones más vulnerables, adopción de comportamientos que protegen el medio ambiente, y defensa de la Medicina Interna como una especialidad central para habilitar al sistema de salud para responder a estos desafíos. (AU)

Facing the severity of the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on human health, 32 Internal Medicine societies, colleges, and associations of 29 Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries issue a consensus document calling for the implication of doctors and all health professionals in the global fight against the causes of these changes. This commitment requires the cooperation of health-related organizations, elaboration and implementation of good environmental sustainability practices, greater awareness of professionals and population, promotion of education and research in this area, increasing climate resilience and environmental sustainability of health systems, combating inequalities and protecting the most vulnerable populations, adopting behaviors that protect the environment, and claiming Internal Medicine as a core specialty for empowerment of the health system to respond to these challenges. (AU)

Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y salud respiratoria / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory health

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad que cursa con manifestaciones multisistémicas y agudizaciones, y que conlleva una importante carga de morbilidad, mortalidad y costes sanitarios. Distintas medidas terapéuticas y de prevención juegan un papel importante en mejorar el pronóstico y la salud respiratoria de estos pacientes. Realizar actividad física de forma generalizada, llevar a cabo unos hábitos dietéticos y nutricionales adecuados, abandonar el consumo de tabaco y alcanzar un estado de inmunización óptimo son varias de las acciones de salud recomendadas. Estas también enlentecerán el proceso de envejecimiento. Además, se recomienda realizar políticas de salud pública para reducir la contaminación del aire y el cambio climático. Por último, debemos prestar especial atención a las características del sueño de estos pacientes y llevar a cabo un abordaje terapéutico que incluya una mejor calidad del sueño. (AU)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with multisystemic manifestations and exacerbations that lead to a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Various therapeutic and preventive measures play an important role in improving the prognosis and respiratory health of the patients. General physical activity, proper dietary and nutritional habits, smoking cessation, and achieving an optimal immunization status are some of the recommended health actions. They also slow down the aging process. In addition, public health policies are recommended to reduce air pollution and climate change. Finally, we should pay special attention to the sleep characteristics of these patients and carry out a therapeutic approach that includes better sleep quality. (AU)

Biofouling inhibition by Staphylococcus aureus extracts and their potential use for paints / Inhibición de la bioincrustación por extractos de Staphylococcus aureus y su uso potencial para pinturas

For the control of biofouling, some paints based on compounds that are toxic to marine organisms have been used. There is an intensive search for biodegradable solutions that are friendly to non-target organisms. Bacteria have been shown to be a source of compounds with antifouling potential. In this work, the antifouling activity of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Extracts activity against biofilm-forming bacteria and the toxicity against Artemia franciscana were evaluated. The extracts were incorporated in a hard gel and a paint matrix, and they were exposed to the sea. In both the laboratory and field, we found that the compounds produced by S. aureus have antifouling activity. The non-toxicity of the tested extracts against Artemia franciscana nauplii suggests that the extracts obtained from S. aureus could have a low ecological impact over non-target organisms. Significant differences were found in the percentage of organisms cover in hard gels with extracts and control. After 90 days, important differences were also observed between the percentage of organisms cover of the paints that contained extracts and the control. Dichloromethane extract is the most effective for the inhibition or delay of the settlement of organisms For this reason, they could be used in matrices with different applications, such as in the shipping industry, aquaculture, or any other in which biofouling is a cause of inconvenience.(AU)

The Influence of the Green Consumption Concept on the Demand for Mass Sports / La influencia del concepto de consumo verde en la demanda de deportes de masas

Sports play an integral part in promoting physical fitness and fostering the advancement of social civilization. Promoting the healthy development of sports involves guiding sports activities to return to green spaces and integrate with nature. This direction and choice are significant. Green sports aims to integrate sports, humanity, and ecology effectively, promoting a coordinated and symbiotic development of the sports industry. To investigate the influence of the green consumption concept on the demand for mass sports. In regions A, B, C, D, and others, we distributed a total of 650 questionnaires between March and May 2020. A total of 627 questionnaires were recovered, resulting in a recovery rate of 96.46%. A total of 595 questionnaires were considered valid, resulting in an effective rate of 94.90%. The study employed questionnaire surveys, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis to analyse the influencing factors, consumption level, and demand structure of mass sports consumption comprehensively and deeply in a province. Based on the results, the study deduced the development trend of mass sports in the province. The standard site density is 4.46 sites per 10,000 individuals, with a building area per person of 0.32m2 and a site area per person of 0.81m2. The sports ground has a total area of 85.78 million metres2, with a building area of 68.55 million metres2. The theme and crucial guarantee for the sustainable development of sports, as well as the focus of mass sports development in a Province in the new era, are correct guidance, reasonable planning, participation of the entire population, and the establishment of a mass sports civilization. In the development of green sports, it is crucial to focus on guiding participants towards the formation of appropriate values. In particular, Athletes and event organisers should prioritise the inherent value of sports and refrain from sacrificing it for the sake of maximising economic gains. It is crucial to prioritise guiding the public towards adopting a proper approach to sports. Exploring the convergence of sports technology and cultural development can help identify a rational path for the intelligent advancement of sustainable sports.(AU)

Percepción del ambiente educacional en estudiantes de Odontología pertenecientes a la Universidad de Valparaíso / Perception of the educational environment in dental students belonging to the University of Valparaíso

Introducción: El ambiente educacional es todo lo que rodea al estudiante en una comunidad educativa. Actualmente ha tomado mucha relevancia, ya que se conoce su relación con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y sirve como base para generar una transformación social y un desarrollo significativo para los estudiantes. A pesar de ello, resulta ser diferente en cada institución y dependiente de la propia percepción de los alumnos. Por eso, esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir la percepción del ambiente educacional de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad de Valparaíso. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta, Dundee Ready Education Enviroment Measure (DREEM), a 117 estudiantes de 3.er a 6.o años que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los datos se analizaron utilizando Excel y el software JASP con los estadísticos chi cuadrado y Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: De las 117 encuestas DREEM se obtuvo una media de 111,9 puntos. En la dimensión 1, el 56% indicó percepción positiva; en la dimensión 2, un 53% indicó buena dirección en la percepción docente; en la dimensión 3, un 67% indicó una autopercepción académica positiva; en la dimensión 4, un 53% indicó que el ambiente podía mejorar; y en la dimensión 5, un 45% percibió que no era un buen ambiente. Todas las dimensiones tuvieron una asociación estadísticamente significativa y una igualdad entre sus medias. Conclusión: Los estudiantes valoraron la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Valparaíso como con ‘más aspectos positivos que negativos’ según los parámetros del cuestionario DREEM.(AU)

Introduction: The educational environment is everything that surrounds the student in an educational community. This has currently taken on a lot of relevance, since its dependence on the teaching-learning process is known, serving as a basis to generate social transformation and significant development for students. Despite this, this turns out to be different in each institution and depend on the student’s own perception. This is why this research aims to describe the perception of the educational environment of the students of the School of Dentistry of the University of Valparaíso. Subjects and methods: A Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) survey was administered to 117 students in grades 3rd-6th who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Excel and JASP software with chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis’s statistics. Results: Of the 117 DREEM surveys, an average of 111.9 points was obtained. In the dimension (D) 1 a 56% indicated a positive perception; in D2 a 53% indicated good direction in teaching perception; in D3 a 67% indicated an academic, selfperception positive; in D4 53% considered that the environment can improve and in D5 45% that it is not a good environment. All dimensions had a statistically significant association and equality between their means. Conclusion: The students evaluated the dentistry career at the University of Valparaíso as ‘more positive than negativeaspects’ according to the parameters of the DREEM questionnaire.(AU)

Analysis of Factors Affecting Seasonal Affective Disorder in Public Environment and College Football Players Based on Computerized Neural Network Light Therapy / Análisis de los factores que afectan el trastorno afectivo estacional en entornos públicos y jugadores de fútbol universitario basado en la fototerapia de redes neuronales computarizadas

Seasonal affective disorder is a depressive affective psychiatric disorder that recurs at the same time of the year and seriously impacts people's daily work and life. The university stage is an important period for individuals to transition to social life, in which they are more vulnerable to negative life events such as academic performance pressure, interpersonal discomfort, and employment problems. Hence, the incidence of depression among university football players is at a high level. As an important timing factor, ambient light has a wide range of effects on various physiological and psychological functions, and its non-visual effects on mood have attracted particular attention from researchers. The illuminance, color temperature and wavelength of ambient light are important physical factors influencing mood. Abnormal light patterns such as short photoperiods, artificial light at night, and continuous light can lead to mood disorders. Light duration, time point, individual characteristics, subjective preferences, and genotype also modulate the mood effects of light. On the one hand, light signals are projected by intrinsic light-sensitive ganglion cells in the retina to brain regions involved in emotion regulation to directly influence mood. On the other hand, light signals indirectly influence mood by synchronizing internal physiological rhythms and their regulated hormone secretion, neurotransmission and sleep. The proposed method uses heart rate, exercise behavior, environment, and textual information from social platforms as raw data for mental health analysis; feature extraction of various types of information by convolutional neural network in artificial intelligence; and random forest algorithm as a classifier to determine the factors influencing seasonal affective disorder in college football players. The test and data analysis results show that the scheme described in the paper has a high recognition accuracy, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the scheme.(AU)

Farmacia hospitalaria ecológica: un enfoque sostenible del proceso de utilización de medicamentos en un hospital de tercer nivel / Green hospital pharmacy: A sustainable approach to the medication use process in a tertiary hospital

Background Sustainable management of healthcare waste has a positive impact on the global environment. In order to reduce it, the sustainable practice of the pharmacotherapeutic process in all its stages is essential. Objective To analyze the sustainability strategies proposed by the pharmacy service to reduce drug waste derived from the pharmacotherapeutic process. Secondary objectives: to analyze the stage of the pharmacotherapeutic process and the number and type of drugs involved. Methods The study was carried out in a tertiary level hospital. To coordinate the proposals, a referent pharmacist from every pharmacy department area was selected. Four stages of the process were evaluated (procurement, validation, dispensing and compounding), patients concerned were classified as outpatients or inpatients, and drugs potentially involved were analyzed by the administration route: into oral or parenteral. Results 28 ideas were proposed, which could affect more than 1200 drugs. 39.3% would affect the validation process, 17.9% the procurement management, 17.9% dispensing and 7.1% the compounding. Implementation feasibility and acceptability of these proposals were evaluated. Those with the greatest potential were: limiting the duration of treatments when possible, favoring the implementation of computer prescription order entry, favoring the use of the oral route over the parenteral route, and implementing computers in the preparation areas to avoid the use of paper guides. Discussion In our study, many ideas have been proposed by hospital pharmacists to improve the sustainability of the medication use process. When assessing these proposals by impact and feasibility, according to our results, shorten as much as possible the duration of treatments, computerization of the medication use process and oral administration over intravenous should be prioritized in order to reduce environmental impact. (AU)

Antecedentes La gestión sostenible de los residuos sanitarios tiene un impacto positivo en el medio ambiente mundial. Para reducirlo, es esencial la práctica sostenible del proceso farmacoterapéutico en todas sus etapas. Objetivo Analizar las estrategias de sostenibilidad propuestas por el servicio de farmacia para reducir los residuos de medicamentos derivados del proceso farmacoterapéutico. Objetivos secundarios: Analizar la etapa del proceso farmacoterapéutico y el número y tipo de medicamentos implicados. Métodos El estudio se realizó en un hospital de tercer nivel. Para coordinar las propuestas se seleccionó un farmacéutico referente de cada área del servicio de farmacia. Se evaluaron cuatro etapas del proceso (Adquisición, validación, dispensación y formulación), se clasificaron los pacientes afectados como ambulatorios u hospitalizados y se analizaron los fármacos potencialmente implicados según la vía de administración: oral o parenteral. Resultados Se propusieron 28 ideas, que podrían afectar a más de 1.200 medicamentos. El 39,3% afectarían al proceso de validación, el 17,9% a la gestión, el 17,9% a la dispensación y el 7,1% a la formulación. Se evaluó la viabilidad de la aplicación y la aceptabilidad de estas propuestas. Las de mayor potencial fueron: limitar la duración de los tratamientos cuando sea posible, favorecer la implantación de la entrada de órdenes de prescripción por ordenador, favorecer el uso de la vía oral frente a la parenteral e implantar ordenadores en las áreas de preparación para evitar el uso de guías en papel. Conclusiones En nuestro estudio, son muchas las ideas propuestas por los farmacéuticos de hospital para mejorar la sostenibilidad del proceso de utilización de medicamentos... (AU)

Arlanzón: El balneario que pudo ser y apenas fue (1879-1902) / Arlanzón: the spa that could have been and barely was (1879-1902)

Conocedor de la existencia en el cercano pueblo de Arlanzón de un manantial de aguas minero-medicinales, el empresario burgalés Julián Fournier inició en 1879 los trámites para su uso terapéutico reglado. Conseguida la declaración de utilidad pública de sus aguas en 1882, tras el preceptivo análisis químico, para la construcción del balneario y su hospedería aneja constituyó al año siguiente la Sociedad J. Fournier, Sedano y Compañía, integrada por 12 miembros, que aportaron el capital necesario para las obras. Finalizadas éstas se inauguró el establecimiento en 1884, siendo designado ese mismo año primer Director, el Dr. Anselmo Bonilla Franco, al que se debe la redacción de dos memorias balnearias, sucedido en 1888 por Marco Antonio Díaz de Cerio. Lejos de consolidarse, la afluencia de usuarios fue decreciendo, lo que condujo a la quiebra de la Sociedad propietaria en 1892; los nuevos dueños tampoco consiguieron, en la década siguiente, mejorar la situación, por lo que finalmente decidieron la venta de todas las instalaciones, interrumpiéndose la actividad balnearia de manera definitiva. (AU)

In 1879, Burgalese businessman Julián Fournier, aware of the existence of a mineral-medicinal water spring in the nearby town of Arlanzón, began the necessary procedures for its regulated therapeutic use. After the mandatory chemical analysis, the declaration of public utility of the water was obtained in 1882, and the following year the Society “J. Fournier, Sedano y Compañía” was established, consisting of 12 members who provided the necessary capital for the construction of the spa and its adjacent inn. When the construction was finished, the establishment in 1884, and that same year the first Director, Dr. Anselmo Bonilla Franco, was appointed. He was responsible for the drafting of two spa reports, and was succeeded in 1888 Marco Antonio Díaz de Cerio. Far from consolidating, the number of users dwindled, leading to the bankruptcy of the owning Society in 1892. The new owners were also unable to improve the situation in the following decade, leading to the sale of all the facilities and the definitive interruption of the spa activity. (AU)

Estilos de vida, sostenibilidad y salud planetaria / Lifestyle, sustainability and planetary health

El concepto de salud planetaria relaciona la salud humana con la del medio que habitamos. La explotación de los recursos naturales nos ha situado en un contexto de emergencia climática y ambiental que compromete nuestra salud y bienestar.Nuestro estilo de vida entendido como nuestros hábitos y acciones diarias, además de tener un impacto directo en nuestra salud, tiene una serie de efectos ambientales que se relacionan con el uso de recursos naturales, la producción de residuos y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero: nuestra alimentación, la forma en la que nos desplazamos, el consumo de tóxicos como el alcohol y el tabaco, la proximidad de los espacios que habitamos a zonas verdes, o azules, no solo nos afectan como individuos, sino que pueden contribuir en mayor o menor medida al cambio climático y a la pérdida de biodiversidad.Conocer el impacto de estas acciones y estilos de vida en la salud del planeta y en la nuestra propia nos permitirá disponer argumentos adicionales que pueden motivar a individuos y poblaciones a apostar por las opciones más sostenibles, a la vez que saludables, adoptando el enfoque de salud planetaria.(AU)

The concept of planetary health relates human health to that of the environment we inhabit. The exploitation of natural resources has placed us in a context of climate and environmental emergency that compromises our health and well-being.Our lifestyle, understood as our habits and daily actions, in addition to having a direct impact on our health, has a series of environmental effects related to the use of natural resources, the production of waste and the emission of greenhouse gases: our diet, the way we move around, the consumption of toxins such as alcohol and tobacco, the proximity of the spaces we inhabit to green or blue areas, not only affect us as individuals but can contribute to a greater or lesser extent to climate change and biodiversity loss.Knowing the impact of these actions and lifestyles on the planet's health as well as on our own will enable us to have additional arguments; that can motivate individuals and populations to bet on the most sustainable, as well as healthy options, which adopt the planetary health approach.(AU)

La huella de carbono de la cirugía de catarata en España / The carbon footprint of cataract surgery in Spain

Antecedentes y objetivo El cambio climático es una de las amenazas más significativas para la salud humana actualmente. La industria sanitaria es responsable de una parte importante de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Este estudio pretende calcular la dimensión de las emisiones de GEI atribuibles de manera directa e indirecta a la cirugía de la catarata en España, para poder así identificar las áreas con mayor capacidad de mejora. Material y método Este estudio observacional de una serie de casos calcula y analiza la huella de carbono correspondiente a una cirugía de catarata mediante facoemulsificación en el Complejo Asistencial de Ávila siguiendo la norma de estandarización ISO 14064. Resultados La huella de carbono de una cirugía de catarata en el Complejo Asistencial de Ávila ha sido de 86,62kg de CO2eq. El 85% de las emisiones de GEI corresponden a las derivadas de los suministros de equipamiento y farmacéuticos Conclusiones La colaboración entre industria farmacéutica y oftalmólogos es esencial para intentar reducir el impacto ambiental de la cirugía de catarata. Se necesitan más estudios para implementar medidas que no comprometan la seguridad de los pacientes. Los nuevos modelos de cirugía verde podrían tener un papel muy alentador en el nuevo panorama de la salud global (AU)

Background and purpose Climate change is one of the most important threats to human health nowadays. The healthcare industry produces a significant part of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The aim of this study is to assess direct and indirect GHG emissions due to cataract surgery in Spain to identify opportunities for improving. Material and methods This observational case series study estimates and analyses the carbon footprint of a single cataract surgery using phacoemulsification in Ávila Hospital. ISO standard 14064 was applied. Results The carbon footprint of a single cataract surgery in Ávila Hospital was 86.62kg CO2eq. Medical and pharmaceutical equipment were responsible for 85% of GHG emissions. Conclusions Collaboration between pharmaceuticals and ophthalmologists is important to improve the environmental impact of cataract surgery. Future research is needed to introduce changes that do not compromise patient and surgeon safety. Green surgery models could play an encouraging role in the new global health scene (AU)

La formación específica en sostenibilidad y medio ambiente en el personal sanitario / Specific training on sustainability and environment for healthcare staff

Objetivo: identificar y describir las pautas formativas específicas en sostenibilidad y medioambiente para el personal sanitario.Método: se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa en 2021, mediante la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos contenidas en la herramienta de búsqueda de la Universidad Católica de Murcia (BUSCAM) y documentos en la entidad Ecoembes. Se usaron los términos MeSH: education, environment, climate change, health, sustainability, health professionals.Resultados: se localizaron 707 documentos, de los cuales 15 fueron incluidos en la revisión. Se evidencia la implicación y el impacto en la salud humana del desarrollo sostenible, que ocasiona y constituye la razón por la cual el sector de la salud ha sido incluido en la búsqueda de soluciones al problema. Aunque se están dando pasos importantes, aún no es suficiente para incorporar totalmente la materia de sostenibilidad en las competencias que adquieren los profesionales de la salud. Es esencial tener entornos de aprendizaje adecuados, acompañado de una actitud y comportamiento responsable. Así como, asumir una actitud proactiva hacia la sostenibilidad ambiental en su vida diaria.Conclusiones: las mejoras en esta materia harán líderes a los profesionales de la salud en este campo, para catalizar y apoyar una respuesta sólida de la salud pública al cambio climático, con el fin de garantizar un futuro seguro y sostenible.(AU)

Objectives: to identify and describe the specific training guidelines on sustainability and environment for healthcare staff.Method: a narrative review was conducted in 2021, through a search for articles in the databases included in the search tool from the Universidad Católica de Murcia (BUSCAM) and documents in the ECOEMBES organization. The following MeSH terms in English were used: education, environment, climate change, health, sustainability, health professionals.Results: in total, 707 documents were retrieved, and 15 of these were included in the review. The consequences and impact on human health of sustainable development was evident; this is the cause and reason for including the health sector in the search for solutions to the problem. Even though great steps are being taken, this is still not enough in order to incorporate completely the subject of sustainability into the skills acquired by health professionals. It is essential to have the adequate learning environments, as well as a responsible attitude and behaviour. Likewise, a proactive attitude towards environmental sustainability must be adopted in daily life.Conclusions: improvements in this matter will lead healthcare professionals to become leaders in this area, in order to catalyse and support a solid response by public health to climate change, with the aim to guarantee a safe and sustainable future.(AU)

La percepción social acerca del reciclaje en el municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit / Social perception about recycling in the municipality of Xalisco, Nayarit

En la presente investigación hemos abordado la falta de un programa de reciclaje o manejo adecuado de laseparación de residuos orgánicos e inorgánicos en el Municipio de Xalisco, Nayarit. Por ello es de sumaimportancia difundir y crear conciencia en los habitantes sobre los beneficios de implementar los hábitos degestión de residuos. Para ello, se implementa un enfoque cuantitativo, este estudio tiene como objetivo realizaruna encuesta de la población con la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, determinando unamuestra de 50 personas, con la finalidad de conocer qué tanta información tienen al respecto sobre losconceptos generales del tema, así como la separación y clasificación de la basura para crear hábitos de laimportancia de hacer un uso adecuado, tomando en cuenta los beneficios de implementar estrategias a travésde la capacitación y concientización de las personas, y dar solución al problema de la basura en el municipio.(AU)

In the present research, we have addressed the lack of a recycling program or adequate management of theseparation of organic and inorganic waste in the Municipality of Xalisco, Nayarit. For this reason, it is of theutmost importance to disseminate and raise awareness among the citizens regarding the benefits ofimplementing waste management habits. In this study, we have surveyed the population by determining a sampleof 50 people to evaluate the knowledge about the general concepts of the subject. We also aimed to createbeneficial habits through the recycling and classification of garbage and thus to solve waste managementproblems.(AU)

The Influence of the Development and Management of Sports Tourism Resources on the Emotional Experience of Human Settlements / La influencia del desarrollo y gestión de los recursos del turismo deportivo en la experiencia emocional de los asentamientos humanos

This study aims to determine how sports tourism resources' development and administration affect human settlements' emotional experience. To analyze the new influencing factors of the population change rate since the beginning of the 21st century, the first decade of the 21st century in each province and city served as the research object. Excel and SPSS statistical software were used for one-way ANOVA, multiple comparative analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. Society, the economy, medical care, education, and the natural environment were identified as the most influential factors in human settlements by the study. The population growth factor is still dominated by the economy, but people are paying increasing attention to the environmental factor. It has been discovered that people's requirements for human settlements vary over time. Despite its considerable efforts to improve the economy, China should give more attention to non-economic factors.(AU)

Desplazamiento activo en adolescentes: importancia de las barreras percibidas y el acompañamiento / Active Commuting in Adolescents: Importance of Perceived Barriers and Accompaniment

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el valor predictivo de la edad, el acompañamiento, y las barreras físicas y psicosociales en el desplazamiento activo. Participaron un total de 1325 estudiantes procedentes de centros educativos de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura (España), con edades comprendidas entre los 10-17 años ( =12.1; DT= 1.60). Los estudiantes cumplimentaron información sobre el modo, distancia, tiempo y acompañamiento a través del cuestionario PACO, y de las barreras percibidas para el desplazamiento activo mediante la escala BATACE. Los resultados revelaron una importante incidencia del acompañamiento, la distancia y las barreras psicosociales percibidas para la realización de desplazamiento activo hacia el colegio (R2 = .53; p = 0.00). Se concluye en la importancia de la distancia hasta el centro educativo, las barreras psicosociales, y el acompañamiento como elementos más importantes en la realización de desplazamiento activo. (AU)

The present study aims to know the predictive value of age, accompaniment, and physical and psychosocial barriers in active commuting. A total of 1,325 students from Primary Education and Secondary Education centers of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain) participated, with ages between 10-17 years (M =12.1; SD = 1.60). The students filled in information on the mode, distance, time and accompaniment through the PACO questionnaire, and the perceived barriers to active displacement using the BATACE scale. The results showed a significant incidence of accompaniment, distance, and perceived psychosocial barriers for active travel to school (R2 = .53; p = 0.00). It concludes on the importance of distance to the educational center, psychosocial barriers, and accompaniment as the most important elements in the realization of active displacement. (AU)

Medioambiente y salud cardiovascular: causas, consecuencias y oportunidades en prevención y tratamiento / Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment

El medioambiente es un gran determinante de la salud cardiovascular. La cardiología ambiental estudia la contribución de las exposiciones ambientales con el objetivo de minimizar las influencias nocivas de la contaminación y promover la salud cardiovascular mediante estrategias preventivas o terapéuticas específicas. La presente revisión se centra en el material particulado y los metales, contaminantes con la evidencia científica más sólida, e incluye las posibles intervenciones. La legislación, la mitigación y el control de los contaminantes en el aire, el agua y los alimentos y las políticas ambientales de espacios cardiosaludables son medidas clave para la salud cardiovascular. Entre las estrategias individuales, cabe reseñar la quelación de metales divalentes como el plomo y el cadmio, que solamente pueden eliminarse del cuerpo vía quelación. El ensayo clínico TACT (NCT00044213) demostró el beneficio cardiovascular en pacientes con un infarto de miocardio previo, especialmente en los diabéticos. Actualmente, el ensayo TACT2 (NCT02733185) está reproduciendo los resultados del TACT en personas con diabetes. Datos de Estados Unidos y Argentina también han mostrado la posible utilidad de la quelación en la enfermedad arterial periférica grave. Más investigación y acción en cardiología ambiental podría contribuir sustancialmente a mejorar la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares.(AU)

The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.(AU)