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2.
Int. microbiol ; 27(1): 311-324, Feb. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230263

RESUMO

Management and improving saline-alkali land is necessary for sustainable agricultural development. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of spraying lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the cucumber and tomato plant soils. Three treatments were designed, including spraying of water, viable or sterilized LAB preparations to the soils of cucumber and tomato plants every 20 days. Spraying sterilized or viable LAB could reduce the soil pH, with a more obvious effect by using viable LAB, particularly after multiple applications. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that the soil microbiota in LAB-treated groups had higher alpha-diversity and more nitrogen-fixing bacteria compared with the water-treated groups. Both viable and sterilized LAB, but not water application, increased the complexity of the soil microbiota interactive network. The LAB-treated subgroups were enriched in some KEGG pathways compared with water or sterilized LAB subgroups, such as environmental information processing–related pathways in cucumber plant; and metabolism-related pathways in tomato plant, respectively. Redundancy analysis revealed association between some soil physico-chemical parameters (namely soil pH and total nitrogen) and bacterial biomarkers (namely Rhodocyclaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Nitrosomonadales). Our study demonstrated that LAB is a suitable strategy for decreasing soil pH and improving the microbial communities in saline-alkali land.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Bactérias/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Plantas , Álcalis , Lactobacillales , Metagenoma , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Solo , Biotecnologia/métodos , Metagenômica , Água/metabolismo
3.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(3): 168-175, sept.-dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229904

RESUMO

Introducción: la metagenómica es un campo nuevo en el que se persigue obtener secuencias del genoma de los diferentes microorganismos que componen una comunidad, extrayendo y analizando su ADN de forma global. La posibilidad de secuenciar directamente los genomas de microorganismos sin necesidad de cultivarlos abre nuevas opciones que suponen un cambio de rumbo en la microbiología, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta que en la cavidad oral sólo el 35% han sido identificadas. La microbiota oral humana es la comunidad de microorganismos comensales, simbióticos y patógenos que se encuentran en la cavidad oral. La saliva juega un papel importante en la determinación de su composición y actividad, siendo bien reconocida como un conjunto de marcadores biológicos, que se puede recolectar fácilmente, de forma no invasiva, indolora y no traumática, por lo que podría ser un sustituto de la sangre en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed de acuerdo con unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: fueron seleccionadas un total de 37 referencias bibliográficas entre 2010-2023. Conclusión: el análisis microbiológico de la saliva es una alternativa fácil y no invasiva. La microbiota salival refleja las alteraciones bacterianas locales que se producen en la microbiota subgingival y supragingival. Por ello resulta interesante poder ampliar el conocimiento en el mundo microbiano oral, y poder ayudar a definir con más exactitud la etiología de la caries y periodontitis y así poder avanzar hacia tratamientos preventivos y curativos mucho más eficaces. (AU)


Introduction: Metagenomics is a new field in which the aim is to obtain genome sequences of the different microorganisms that make up a community, extracting and analyzing their DNA globally. The possibility of directly sequencing the genomes of micoorganism, without the need to cultive them, opens up new options that represent a change of direction in microbiology, especially considering that only 35% have been identified in the oral cavity. The human oral microbiota is the community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Saliva plays an important role in determining its composition and activity, being well recognized as a set of biological markers, wich can be easily collected and non-invasive, painless and non-traumatic way, so it could be a substitute for blood in the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases. Method: A literature search was carried out in Pubmed according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 37 bibliographic references were selected between 20102023. Conclusion: Microbiological analysis of saliva is an easy and non-invasive alternative. The salivary microbiota reflects the local bacterial alterations that occur in the subgingival and supragingival microbiota. It is therefore interesting to be able to expand knowledge in the oral microbial world, and to be able to help define more accurately the etiology of caries and periodontitis and thus be able to move towards much more effective preventive and curative treatments. (AU)


Assuntos
Metagenômica , Saliva , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Periodontite/etiologia
4.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(3): 168-175, sept.-dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-522

RESUMO

Introducción: la metagenómica es un campo nuevo en el que se persigue obtener secuencias del genoma de los diferentes microorganismos que componen una comunidad, extrayendo y analizando su ADN de forma global. La posibilidad de secuenciar directamente los genomas de microorganismos sin necesidad de cultivarlos abre nuevas opciones que suponen un cambio de rumbo en la microbiología, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta que en la cavidad oral sólo el 35% han sido identificadas. La microbiota oral humana es la comunidad de microorganismos comensales, simbióticos y patógenos que se encuentran en la cavidad oral. La saliva juega un papel importante en la determinación de su composición y actividad, siendo bien reconocida como un conjunto de marcadores biológicos, que se puede recolectar fácilmente, de forma no invasiva, indolora y no traumática, por lo que podría ser un sustituto de la sangre en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades. Material y método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed de acuerdo con unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Resultados: fueron seleccionadas un total de 37 referencias bibliográficas entre 2010-2023. Conclusión: el análisis microbiológico de la saliva es una alternativa fácil y no invasiva. La microbiota salival refleja las alteraciones bacterianas locales que se producen en la microbiota subgingival y supragingival. Por ello resulta interesante poder ampliar el conocimiento en el mundo microbiano oral, y poder ayudar a definir con más exactitud la etiología de la caries y periodontitis y así poder avanzar hacia tratamientos preventivos y curativos mucho más eficaces. (AU)


Introduction: Metagenomics is a new field in which the aim is to obtain genome sequences of the different microorganisms that make up a community, extracting and analyzing their DNA globally. The possibility of directly sequencing the genomes of micoorganism, without the need to cultive them, opens up new options that represent a change of direction in microbiology, especially considering that only 35% have been identified in the oral cavity. The human oral microbiota is the community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. Saliva plays an important role in determining its composition and activity, being well recognized as a set of biological markers, wich can be easily collected and non-invasive, painless and non-traumatic way, so it could be a substitute for blood in the prognosis and diagnosis of diseases. Method: A literature search was carried out in Pubmed according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 37 bibliographic references were selected between 20102023. Conclusion: Microbiological analysis of saliva is an easy and non-invasive alternative. The salivary microbiota reflects the local bacterial alterations that occur in the subgingival and supragingival microbiota. It is therefore interesting to be able to expand knowledge in the oral microbial world, and to be able to help define more accurately the etiology of caries and periodontitis and thus be able to move towards much more effective preventive and curative treatments. (AU)


Assuntos
Metagenômica , Saliva , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Periodontite/etiologia
5.
Int. microbiol ; 26(4): 893-906, Nov. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227478

RESUMO

Low microbial biomass in the lungs, high host-DNA contamination and sampling difficulty limit the study on lung microbiome. Therefore, little is still known about lung microbial communities and their functions. Here, we perform a preliminary exploratory study to investigate the composition of swine lung microbial community using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compare the microbial communities between healthy and severe-lesion lungs. We collected ten lavage-fluid samples from swine lungs (five from healthy lungs and five from severe-lesion lungs), and obtained their metagenomes by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. After filtering host genomic DNA contamination (93.5% ± 1.2%) in the lung metagenomic data, we annotated swine lung microbial communities ranging from four domains to 645 species. Compared with previous taxonomic annotation of the same samples by the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, it annotated the same number of family taxa but more genera and species. We next performed an association analysis between lung microbiome and host lung-lesion phenotype. We found three species (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Ureaplasma diversum, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis) were associated with lung lesions, suggesting they might be the key species causing swine lung lesions. Furthermore, we successfully reconstructed the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of these three species using metagenomic binning. This pilot study showed us the feasibility and relevant limitations of shotgun metagenomic sequencing for the characterization of swine lung microbiome using lung lavage-fluid samples. The findings provided an enhanced understanding of the swine lung microbiome and its role in maintaining lung health and/or causing lung lesions.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Pulmão/microbiologia , Metagenoma , Metagenômica , Microbiota/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Lesão Pulmonar , Projetos Piloto , Suínos , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
6.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 23(91): 248-268, jul. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226929

RESUMO

The use of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) as a diagnostic tool for respiratory infections, particularly in the context of retired fitness players, presents a novel avenue for optimizing healthcare and wellness in this unique population. Respiratory illnesses, including influenza, can have profound effects on the health and performance of retired athletes, making accurate and timely diagnosis paramount. In this study, we aimed to assess the applicability of mNGS in diagnosing influenza virus infections in retired fitness players. We collected and analyzed respiratory samples from this specific cohort, leveraging mNGS technology. Our research focused on evaluating mNGS's potential as a diagnostic tool compared to conventional methods. Our findings underscored the remarkable capabilities of mNGS. When compared to traditional diagnostic techniques, mNGS demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting influenza virus-positive respiratory samples in retired fitness players. Additionally, mNGS facilitated the identification of not only known influenza strains but also previously undetected viral variants, offering a comprehensive view of the viral landscape. The utilization of mNGS as a diagnostic tool in the care of retired fitness players holds great promise in enhancing their health monitoring and overall well-being. This technology can aid in the early detection and precise characterization of respiratory infections, contributing to the timely implementation of targeted interventions and improving the quality of healthcare for this unique and health-conscious population. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Metagenômica/instrumentação , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Orthomyxoviridae , Atletas , Aposentadoria , Cuidados Médicos , Influenza Humana
7.
Int. microbiol ; 26(1): 51-57, Ene. 2023. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-215916

RESUMO

There is a growing body of detailed research demonstrating that intermittent fasting is essentially a cleansing activity in terms of health. Especially since its applications that exceed 16 h trigger autophagy, it continues its effect on all tissue and organ systems after the regeneration movement that starts at the cellular level. Similarly, it continues to be better understood with each passing day that the gut microbiota (GM) has many positive effects on all tissue and organ systems. Although the GM is affected by many different parameters, dietary habits are reported to be the most effective factor. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of different preferred fasting practices on the GM, which has numerous health benefits. Pointing out this situation, this study aims to determine the effects of 18-h intermittent fasting for 5 weeks on the shaping of GM. A 12-month-old male Wistar rat was chosen as the model organism in the study. At the end of the application, the metagenome was applied to the cecum content of the intestinal tissue collected from the sacrificed animals. Intermittent fasting practice led to an increase in alpha diversity, which expresses a significant bacterial diversity, the stabilization of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratios (F/B), and the reshaping of the values with the highest prevalence in all stages of the classification, especially in the family, genus, and species care. Analysis results showed that the preferred intermittent fasting program helps balance the GM composition. This study is an important example showing the strong positive link between intermittent fasting and GM.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Jejum , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratos Wistar , Disbiose , Metagenômica , Microbiologia , Técnicas Microbiológicas
9.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 25(2): e240-e251, mar. 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-196254

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is considered as one of the most significant global health problem over the world. Dental caries initiates from bacterial shifts within the supragingival biofilm, then a polymicrobial biofilm is formed on the surface of tooth, and finally various bacterial species aggregate in a complex-organized manner. The exploiting variability in 16S rRNA gene sequence has been considered as a cost-efficient high-throughput characterization approach in human oral microbiome investigations. The aim of this study is to characterize bacterial species associated with superficial dental biofilm, underlying carious dentine and root caries lesion by16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Herein, the bacterial communities in carious dentin lesion, biofilm and root canal samples of 30 subjects (aged 4-76 years) admitted to a clinic in Tehran during 2017 were investigated using a culture independent approach. Total genomic DNA of each tissue was subjected to metagenomic identification of bacteria using a nested PCR assay and 16S rRNA library construction method. RESULTS: 31 samples collected from 30 consenting patients (29 samples from 29 patients ant two biofilm samples from one patient). Bioinformatics analyses of a-800bp sequences of the second step of Nested-PCR revealed presence of 156 bacterial isolates in carious (n = 45), biofilm (n = 81) and root canal (n = 30) specimens. Prevotella spp., Lactobacillus vaginalis, and streptococcus spp. showed higher prevalence in carious dentin, root and biofilm samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Exploring the dental microbiota and comparing them in health or diseased conditions is critical step in the determination of human general health. The method applied in this study could identify bacteria related to the three dental lesions. However, due to lack of data for comparison in Genbank or because of the sequence similarity lower than 98% for most identified bacteria, the use of more powerful approaches like NGS platforms or typing of multiple loci (MLST) in future studies is recommended


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/epidemiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Metagenômica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores Socioeconômicos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Bacteriano/genética , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia
10.
Int. microbiol ; 22(4): 429-435, dic. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-185061

RESUMO

Studies of the digestive microbiota of ruminant animals most often focus on the bacterial diversity in the rumen or the feces of the animals, but little is known about the diversity and functions of their distal intestine. Here, the bacterial microbiota of the distal intestinal tract of two goats and two camels was investigated by metagenomics techniques. The bacterial taxonomic diversity and carbohydrate-active enzyme profile were estimated for samples taken from the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum of each animal. The bacterial diversity and abundance in the small intestine were lower than in the rectal and large intestinal samples. Analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzyme profiles at each site revealed a comparatively low abundance of enzymes targeting xylan and cellulose in all animals examined, similar to what has been reported earlier for sheep and therefore suggesting that plant cell wall digestion probably takes place elsewhere, such as in the rumen


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Camelus , Metagenômica/métodos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ativação Enzimática/genética , Cabras , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Intestino Delgado/microbiologia , Intestino Grosso/microbiologia , Estômago de Ruminante/enzimologia , Estômago de Ruminante/microbiologia , Ruminantes/microbiologia
11.
Int. microbiol ; 22(4): 437-449, dic. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-185062

RESUMO

Azurin, a bacteriocin produced by a human gut bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can reveal selectively cytotoxic and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. After overcoming two phase I trials, a functional region of Azurin called p28 has been approved as a drug for the treatment of brain tumor glioma by FDA. The present study aims to improve a screening procedure and assess genetic diversity of Azurin genes in P. aeruginosa and Azurin-like genes in the gut microbiome of a specific population in Vietnam and global populations. Firstly, both cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent techniques based on genomic and metagenomic DNAs extracted from fecal samples of the healthy specific population were performed and optimized to detect Azurin genes. Secondly, the Azurin gene sequences were analyzed and compared with global populations by using bioinformatics tools. Finally, the screening procedure improved from the first step was applied for screening Azurin-like genes, followed by the protein synthesis and NCI in vitro screening for anticancer activity. As a result, this study has successfully optimized the annealing temperatures to amplify DNAs for screening Azurin genes and applying to Azurin-like genes from human gut microbiota. The novelty of this study is the first of its kind to classify Azurin genes into five different genotypes at a global scale and confirm the potential anticancer activity of three Azurin-like synthetic proteins (Cnazu1, Dlazu11, and Ruazu12). The results contribute to the procedure development applied for screening anticancer proteins from human microbiome and a comprehensive understanding of their therapeutic response at a genetic level


No disponible


Assuntos
Azurina/genética , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Variação Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Azurina/uso terapêutico , Bacteriocinas/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Metagenômica , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia
12.
Int. microbiol ; 22(3): 325-336, sept. 2019. mapas, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184839

RESUMO

Soil microbial communities are an important component of biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystems which is responsible for processes such as decomposition, mineralization of nutrients, and accumulation of organic matter. One of the factors that provide information on the mechanisms regulating biodiversity is spatial scaling. We characterized the microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene sequences from DNA isolated from halite at various locations and correlated these to geographic distance in the Uyuni salt flat (Bolivia). Sequences from each site were analyzed to determine any spatial patterns of diversity, as well as to describe the microbial communities. Results suggest that different taxa are able to disperse over Uyuni's surface crust regardless of distance. As expected, ubiquitous taxa included members of Halobacteriaceae such as Haloarcula, Halorubrum, Halorhabdus, Halolamina, and halophilic bacteria Salinibacter, Halorhodospira, and unclassified members of the Gammaproteobacteria. Archaeal communities were homogeneous across the salt flat. In contrast, bacterial communities present strong local variations which could be attributed to external factors. Likely sources for these variations are the Rio Grande river influent in the south shore and the Tunupa volcano influencing the northern area


No disponible


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Solo , Bactérias/classificação , Biota , Archaea/classificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Bolívia , Bactérias/genética , Archaea/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Arqueal/química , DNA Arqueal/genética , Metagenômica , Filogenia
13.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 30(5): 305-311, oct. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167146

RESUMO

El microbioma humano es un ecosistema interno constituido por el hombre y los microorganismos que en él conviven, microorganismos esenciales para mantener su salud, pues junto con el sistema inmunológico protegen frente a patógenos invasores y mantienen la salud. La base de la microbiología tradicional ha sido el cultivo bacteriano, sin embargo la mayoría de los microorganismos observables en la naturaleza, no se cultivan mediante técnicas habituales, por ello en la actualidad, la era molecular ha permitido identificar estos microorganismos en base a su huella genética, gracias a la metagenómica. La subunidad 16S del ARN ribosomal es considerada como la diana universal para la identificación bacteriana a partir del ADN, con la ayuda de la secuenciación. El método de Sanger o secuenciación de primera generación terminó imponiéndose por su sencillez y precisión, posteriormente se desarrolló la segunda generación, o de alto rendimiento capaz de generar cientos de miles de reacciones de secuencias de manera más rápida y económica, sin embargo, es la secuenciación de tercera generación, la que lleva al límite los avances de la nanotecnología. Con la utilización del gen de referencia, las técnicas de secuenciación masiva y las herramientas bioinformáticas para el tratamiento de datos, se ha podido conseguir una información sobre el microbioma humano, con un nivel de detalle sin precedente en cuanto a taxonomía y función de los microorganismos, lo que ha supuesto una autentica revolución no solo en su conocimiento sino también en su implicación en la salud o de enfermedad del ser humano (AU)


The human microbiome is an internal ecosystem that refers to the community of microorganisms that populate the human body. These microorganisms are essential to support his health, because the interaction between the host immune system and microorganisms, provide the host with protection against pathogens, and contributes to the preservation of health. Bacteriological culture has been the basis for traditional microbiology; however, most of the bacterial forms observed in nature cannot be isolated with laboratory culture methods. At present, metagenomic applies a suite of genomic technologies, where the microorganisms are identified by their genomic fingerprint. The 16S rRNA subunit is considered as the universal target for bacterial identification from DNA with the aid of sequencing. Sanger sequencing technology had a great impact on the first generation sequencing due to its simplicity and precision. Platforms high-throughput known as second generation sequencing technologies are capable to generate hundreds of thousands of sequence reactions in a faster and economic way. However, thanks to the third generation sequencing the greatest advances in nanotechnology have been made. Using the reference gene, the massive sequencing techniques and bioinformatics tools used for the data processing, there has been an important development of the human microbiome, achieving an unprecedented detail level on the taxonomy and microbial function. This has meant an authentic revolution not only in their knowledge but also in their involvement in the health or illness of the human being (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Microbiota/genética , Microbiota/fisiologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Metagenômica/métodos , Sequência de Bases/genética , Biodiversidade , Biomarcadores/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 34(4): 934-941, jul.-ago. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-165357

RESUMO

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune nature, in which oxidative stress is implicated. Aim: Compare the concentrations of dietary and blood antioxidants, as well as gut microbiota, with serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and C reactive protein (CRP) in 21 subjects suffering from non-active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 21 age and gender-matched controls. Methods: General biochemical parameters and CRP were determined by enzymatic methods: copper, zinc and selenium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), MDA and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrophotometric methods, gut microbiota by metagenomic analyses and dietary intake by means of food frequency questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were found in diet between lupus patients and the control group, with the exception of trans fatty acids intake, which was higher in patients. In addition, higher concentration of serum copper and lower of zinc in SLE were found. Serum copper was positively associated with CRP and also, this protein with the proportion of Lentisphaerae, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in feces. Moreover, MDA levels displayed inverse correlations with the Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes groups, while Actinobacteria showed a positive association. The lupus subjects with presence of anti-SSA/Ro were related to higher levels of serum zinc. Conclusion: These results could be useful in the future to go deeper into the understanding of this complex disease (AU)


Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica en la que está implicado el estrés oxidativo. Objetivo: evaluar la concentración de antioxidantes de la dieta y sanguíneos, así como de la microbiota sobre las concentraciones de malondialdehído y proteína C reactiva en 21 pacientes de lupus y 21 controles pareados por edad y sexo. Métodos: los parámetros bioquímicos de rutina y proteína C reactiva se determinaron a través de métodos enzimáticos: cobre, zinc y selenio por espectrometría de masas, malondialdehído y capacidad antioxidante total por métodos espectrofotométricos, la microbiota fecal por técnicas metagenómicas y la dieta a través de cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo. Resultados: no se han observado diferencias en la dieta en los pacientes con lupus respecto al grupo control, excepto en la ingesta de ácidos grasos trans, siendo mayor en el grupo de lupus. En estas pacientes se observaron mayores niveles circulantes de cobre y menores de zinc. La concentración de cobre en suero se relacionó directamente con los niveles de proteína C reactiva y esta proteína, a su vez, con la proporción de Lentisphaerae, Proteobacteria y Verrucomicrobia en heces. Además, mientras que los niveles de malondialdehído se asociaban inversamente con la proporción de Cyanobacteria y Firmicutes, con Actinobacteria se encontró una correlación positiva. La presencia de anti-SSA/Ro en lúpicas se relaciona con mayores concentraciones de zinc. Conclusión: estos resultados podrían ser útiles para profundizar en el futuro conocimiento de esta compleja enfermedad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Microbiota/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/dietoterapia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Apoio Nutricional/tendências , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Espectrometria de Massas/instrumentação , Metagenômica/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Voluntários Saudáveis/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 28(5): 274-279, dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159717

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la Fibrosis Quística (FQ), la patología broncopulmonar es la más representativa y grave en todo el espectro de la enfermedad, causada principalmente por la colonización persistente de la vía aérea por bacterias con capacidad patogénica. Su control es fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Conocer las fuentes de infección en estos casos permitiría diseñar mejores estrategias para su prevención. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar, en el entorno familiar de pacientes con FQ, la posible transmisión de bacterias que frecuentemente colonizan las vías respiratorias, como Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se incluyeron un total de 10 pacientes con FQ y 15 familiares convivientes, de los que se tomaron muestras de esputo y frotis orofaríngeo respectivamente. En ellos se trataron de identificar bacterias mediante técnicas de metagenómica (PCR- DGGE del gen 16S-rRNA para bacterias) y de ampliación de ácidos nucleicos. RESULTADOS: Los resultados del estudio de metagenómica mostraron la presencia de diferentes bacterias en todos los pacientes evaluados, siendo las más frecuentes Pseudomonas spp. (n=9), Streptococcus spp. (n=4), Staphylococcus spp. (n=2) y Haemophilus influenzae (n=2). En los familiares se identificó por PCR Pseudomona aeruginosa en el 46,5% de los casos y S. pneumoniae en el 66,7%. La concordancia entre familiares y pacientes fue del 40% para P. aeruginosa, con coincidencia de genotipos del 100% y una concordancia del 20% para S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de bacterias que frecuentemente colonizan el tracto respiratorio de los pacientes con fibrosis quística es frecuente entre los familiares que cohabitan con ellos, lo que podría facilitar la transmisión de unos sujetos a otros y la persistencia de éstas en el entorno familiar


INTRODUCTION: In Cystic Fibrosis (CF), bronchial-pulmonary pathology is the most representative and serious within the scope of this disease, and generally caused by the persistent colonization of the airways by pathogenic bacteria. Control is essential to improve the prognosis of these patients. In these cases, understanding the source of infection would facilitate the design of improved prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: Assess, within the family environment of patients with CF, the possible transmission of bacteria that frequently colonize airways, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten patients with CF were included in this study, as well as 15 cohabiting relatives, from whom sputum samples and oropharyngeal smears were taken respectively. Using metagenomics, the bacteria were identified (PCR- DGGE of the gene16S-rRNAfor bacteria) and the expanding of nucleic acids. RESULTS: The results of the metagenomic study proved the presence of various bacteria in all patients assessed, with the most frequent being Pseudomonas spp. (n=9), Streptococcus spp. (n=4), Staphylococcus spp. (n=2) and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2). Using PCR in the relatives, P. aeruginosa was identified in 46.5% of the cases, and S. pneumoniae in 66.7%. Consistency between relative and patient was 40% for P. aeruginosa, with a 100% genotype coincidence and a 20% consistency for S. pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of bacteria that frequently colonize the respiratory tract in patients with cystic fibrosis is recurrent among relatives cohabiting with them, which could facilitate the transmission of bacteria from one person to another and the persistence of said bacteria within the family environment


Assuntos
Humanos , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Metagenômica/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Bacterianas/transmissão
16.
Int. microbiol ; 19(2): 69-80, jun. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-158061

RESUMO

The air we breathe contains microscopic biological particles such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and pollen, some of them with relevant clinic importance. These organisms and/or their propagules have been traditionally studied by different disciplines and diverse methodologies like culture and microscopy. These techniques require time, expertise and also have some important biases. As a consequence, our knowledge on the total diversity and the relationships between the different biological entities present in the air is far from being complete. Currently, metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) may resolve this shortage of information and have been recently applied to metropolitan areas. Although the procedures and methods are not totally standardized yet, the first studies from urban air samples confirm the previous results obtained by culture and microscopy regarding abundance and variation of these biological particles. However, DNA-sequence analyses call into question some preceding ideas and also provide new interesting insights into diversity and their spatial distribution inside the cities. Here, we review the procedures, results and perspectives of the recent works that apply NGS to study the main biological particles present in the air of urban environments (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Material Particulado/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Contaminação Biológica/análise , Metagenômica/métodos , Área Urbana , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Viral/análise , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos
17.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 36(3): 194-200, 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-155473

RESUMO

El Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) es un trastorno común del tracto digestivo. Se trata de un trastorno funcional digestivo de causa desconocida, no originado por una infección o un problema estructural concreto. Hay cuatro subtipos de SII originados por la interacción de diversos factores. No hay pruebas diagnósticas directas que identifiquen el problema, y su tratamiento sólo actúa sobre los síntomas. Los pacientes se someten a muchas pruebas médicas a fin de descartar patologías. En este caso clínico la paciente, con SII y disbiosis, se sometió a una dieta libre en FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) combinada con la ingestión de probióticos con el objetivo de mejorar los problemas gastrointestinales. Antes y durante este tiempo se realizó metagenòmica de la microbiota intestinal a fin de determinar la posibilidad de presentar disbiosis o no. Debido a que los pacientes con SII pueden mostrar una disbiosis, hay un creciente interés en el estudio de su microbiota intestinal. Los estudios de la metagenòmica de la microbiota intestinal revelaron disbiosis y mantenimiento de la misma con la dieta y el consumo de probióticos. Los resultados del tratamiento sugieren que el control de dieta, tanto a nivel de duración como de ingestas de macro y micronutrientes, así como la regeneración de la microbiota mediante el consumo de probióticos, pueden ser fundamental para que el paciente pueda paliar los síntomas asociados al SII (AU)


Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of the digestive tract. It is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of unknown cause, but not provoked by an infection or a particular structural problem. There are four subtypes of IBS caused by the interaction of various factors. There are no direct diagnostic tests to identify the problem, and the treatment only works on the symptoms. Patients undergoing many medical tests to rule out pathologies. In this case report the patient, with IBS and dysbiosis, underwent a FODMAPs free diet (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) combined with ingestion of probiotics with the aim of improving gastrointestinal problems. Before and during this time the intestinal microbiota metagenomics to determine the possibility of submitting dysbiosis or not performed. Because IBS patients may show dysbiosis, there is growing interest in the study of intestinal microbiota. Metagenomics studies of intestinal microbiota revealed dysbiosis and maintaining it with diet and consumption of probiotics. Treatment results suggest that the control of diet, both in terms of duration and intake of macro and micronutrients, as well as the regeneration of the microbiota by consuming probiotics, may be essential for the patient to alleviate the symptoms associated with IBS (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/dietoterapia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Metagenômica/métodos , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Dissacarídeos , Oligossacarídeos , Desidrogenase do Álcool de Açúcar , Monossacarídeos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia
18.
Gastroenterol. hepatol. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 123-134, mar. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135015

RESUMO

No podemos seguir viendo a las bacterias como un simple enemigo. Hoy en día disponemos de suficiente evidencia como para comprender que la microbiota es un elemento clave en la homeostasis humana. A pesar del escepticismo inicial, el trasplante de microbiota fecal (TMF) es hoy una alternativa terapéutica real para pacientes con enfermedad recurrente por Clostridium difficile. Además, se han obtenido resultados prometedores en la colitis ulcerosa y en otros trastornos. Aún son incompletos nuestros conocimientos, y no hay un seguimiento adecuado a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, los datos disponibles deben ser interpretados con cautela. En este documento aportamos una revisión detallada de la literatura sobre la microbiota intestinal y el TMF


Bacteria can no longer be seen as an enemy. Nowadays, there is enough evidence to place the microbiota as a key element in human homeostasis. Despite initial skepticism, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a real therapeutic alternative for patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Moreover, this procedure has shown promising results in ulcerative colitis and other non-gastrointestinal disorders. There is still a lack of knowledge and clinical trials with long- term follow-up. Therefore, the available data should be interpreted with caution. In this document we provide a detailed review of the literature on the intestinal microbiota and FMT


Assuntos
Humanos , Microbiota/imunologia , Clostridioides difficile/patogenicidade , Infecções por Clostridium/terapia , Transplante/métodos , Metagenômica/métodos , Tolerância Imunológica
19.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 31(1): 54-61, ene.-mar. 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120469

RESUMO

In the last few decades, aerially transmitted human fungal pathogens have been increasingly recognized to impact the clinical course of chronic pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thanks to recent development of culture-free high-throughput sequencing methods, the metagenomic approaches are now appropriate to detect, identify and even quantify prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganism communities inhabiting human respiratory tract and to access the complexity of even low-burden microbe communities that are likely to play a role in chronic pulmonary diseases. In this review, we explore how metagenomics and comparative genomics studies can alleviate fungal culture bottlenecks, improve our knowledge about fungal biology, lift the veil on cross-talks between host lung and fungal microbiota, and gain insights into the pathogenic impact of these aerially transmitted fungi that affect human beings. We reviewed metagenomic studies and comparative genomic analyses of carefully chosen microorganisms, and confirmed the usefulness of such approaches to better delineate biology and pathogenesis of aerially transmitted human fungal pathogens. Efforts to generate and efficiently analyze the enormous amount of data produced by such novel approaches have to be pursued, and will potentially provide the patients suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases with a better management. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012) (AU)


En las últimas décadas se ha reconocido cada vez más la influencia de los hongos patógenos para el ser humano, y cuya transmisión es aérea, en el curso clínico de afecciones pulmonares crónicas, como el asma, la fibrosis quística o la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Gracias al desarrollo reciente de métodos de secuenciación de alto rendimiento, que no requieren cultivo, en la actualidad los análisis metagenómicos permiten detectar, identificar e incluso cuantificar comunidades de microorganismos procariotas o eucariotas que habitan en las vías respiratorias del ser humano, y acceder a la complejidad de las comunidades microbianas cuya población es de baja densidad, que posiblemente desempeñan un papel en las enfermedades pulmonares crónicas. En la presente revisión examinamos cómo los estudios metagenómicos y genómicos comparativos pueden ayudar a superar los obstáculos de los cultivos de hongos, mejorar nuestros conocimientos sobre la biología fúngica, desvelar el diálogo cruzado (crosstalk) entre el pulmón del huésped y la microbiota fúngica asociada, y adquirir información sobre la influencia patogénica de estos hongos transmitidos por el aire que afectan al ser humano. Revisamos los estudios metagenómicos y los análisis genómicos comparativos de microorganismos cuidadosamente seleccionados, y confirmamos la utilidad de estas estrategias para definir mejor la biología y la patogenia de hongos de transmisión aérea que son patógenos para el ser humano. Los esfuerzos por generar y analizar eficientemente la ingente cantidad de datos obtenidos con estos nuevos métodos deberán continuar, y es posible que ofrezcan un mejor tratamiento de los pacientes portadores de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas.Este manuscrito forma parte de la serie de artículos presentados en el «V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi» (Oaxaca, México, 2012) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Metagenômica/métodos , Metagenômica/normas , Metagenômica/tendências , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/patogenicidade , Micoses/transmissão , Noxas/isolamento & purificação , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Aspergillus/patogenicidade , Metagenômica/instrumentação , Metagenômica/organização & administração , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão e Varredura , Pneumocystis/isolamento & purificação , Pneumocystis/patogenicidade , Infecções por Pneumocystis/transmissão
20.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(supl.5): 63-72, sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120669

RESUMO

During the entire 20th Century, nutrition research experienced and amazing interest and development fueled by the initial success on the fields of malnutrition and the discovery of vitamins and other essential nutrients. Du -ring the second part of the Century, it was realized that most common diseases (i.e., cardiovascular diseases, cancer and obesity) had a strong nutritional component. However, from the public health perspective as well as from the point of view of the individual recommendations, current recommendations for healthy nutrition resemble those provided over one hundred years ago. Therefore, modern nutritional research has a great potential of still contributing to improved health for future generations, assuming that the new developments in research and technologies are applied to nutritional problems. Nutrition research must embrace state of the art epidemiology, objective food assessment tools, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, advanced biostatistics, imaging, challenge tests, and integration of all data by bioinformatics, under the umbrella of molecular nutrition research. The ultimate goals of future nutritional research are to understand the detailed mechanisms of action for how nutrients/foods interact with the body and with the individual genomes to further the advance of nutrigenomics, thereby providing new tools for disease prevention and treatment (AU)


Durante todo el siglo XX, la investigación en nutrición experimentó un notable interés y desarrollo alentados por el éxito inicial en los campos de la malnutrición y el descubrimiento de las vitaminas y otros nutrientes esenciales. Durante la segunda parte del siglo, se constató quelas enfermedades más frecuentes (es decir, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el cáncer y la obesidad) poseían un fuerte componente nutricional. Sin embargo, desde la perspectiva de la salud pública, así como desde el punto de vista de las recomendaciones individuales, las recomendaciones actuales para una nutrición saludable se parecen a aquellas proporcionadas hace más de 100 años. Por lo tanto, la investigación moderna en nutrición tiene un gran potencial para seguir contribuyen do a mejorar la salud de las generaciones futuras, asu miendo que los nuevos desarrollos en la investigación y las tecnologías seapliquen a los problemas nutricionales. La nutrición en investigación debe incorporar la epidemiología puntera, las herramientas objetivas de evaluación alimentaria, lagenómica, la epigenómica, la transcriptómica, la proteómica,la metabolómica, la metagenómica, la bioestadística avanzada, las imagenología, las pruebas de provocación y la integración de todos los datos con la bioinformá tica bajo el paraguas de la investigación en nutrición molecular. Los objetivos últimos del futuro de la investigación en nutrición deben comprender los mecanismos de acción precisos de cómo interaccionan los nutrientes/alimentos con el organismo y con los genes individuales para avanzar en la nutrigenómica, proporcionando así nuevas herramientas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Genômica , Obesidade/genética , Transtornos Cronobiológicos/complicações , Nutrigenômica , Metabolômica , Epigenômica , Metagenômica , Proteômica , Glicômica , Predisposição Genética para Doença
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