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1.
Int. microbiol ; 22(2): 247-254, jun. 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-184831

RESUMO

Genome shuffling by recursive protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis also known as Scheffersomyces stipitis resulted in a promising yeast hybrid strain with superior qualities than those of the parental strains in enhancing biofuel production. Our study focused on the substrate utilization, ethanol fermentation, and ethanol tolerance of the hybrids and the parental strains. The parental strain S. cerevisiae is limited to utilize only hexose sugars, and this leads to decrease in the ethanol yield when they are subjected to ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass which is rich in pentose sugars. To overcome this limitation, we constructed a hybrid yeast strain through genome shuffling which can assimilate all the sugars present in the fermentation medium. After two rounds of recursive protoplast fusion, there was a higher increase in substrate utilization by hybrid SP2-18 compared to parental strain S. cerevisiae. SP2-18 was able to consume 34% of xylose sugar present in the fermentation medium, whereas S. cerevisiae was not able to utilize xylose. Further, the hybrid strain SP2-18 was able to reach an ethanol productivity of 1.03 g L−1 h−1, ethanol yield 0.447 g/g, and ethanol concentration 74.65 g L−1 which was relatively higher than that of the parental strain S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, the hybrid SP2-18 was found to be stable in the production of ethanol. The random amplified polymorphic DNA profile of the yeast hybrid SP2-18 shows the polymorphism between the parental strains indicating the migration of specific sugar metabolizing genes from P. stipitis, while the maximum similarity was with the parent S. cerevisiae


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Assuntos
Embaralhamento de DNA , Etanol/metabolismo , Engenharia Metabólica/métodos , Pichia/genética , Pichia/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Pichia/efeitos dos fármacos , Pichia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biocombustíveis , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Microbiologia Industrial , Recombinação Genética
2.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 32(4): 247-251, oct.-dic. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-181424

RESUMO

Background: although lovastatin production has been reported for different microorganism species, there is limited information about lovastatin production by basidiomycetes. Aims: the optimization of culture parameters that enhances lovastatin production by Omphalotus olearius OBCC 2002 was investigated, using statistically based experimental designs under solid state fermentation. Methods: the Plackett Burman design was used in the first step to test the relative importance of the variables affecting production of lovastatin. Amount and particle size of barley were identified as efficient variables. In the latter step, the interactive effects of selected efficient variables were studied with a full factorial design. Results: a maximum lovastatin yield of 139.47mg/g substrate was achieved by the fermentation of 5g of barley, 1-2mm particle diam., at 28°C. Conclusions: this study showed that O. olearius OBCC 2002 has a high capacity for lovastatin production which could be enhanced by using solid state fermentation with novel and cost-effective substrates, such as barley


Antecedentes: aunque se ha descrito la producción de lovastatina por parte de diversas especies de microorganismos, existe poca información al respecto concerniente a los basidiomicetos. Objetivos: se ha investigado la optimización de aquellos parámetros que fomentan la síntesis de lovastatina en los cultivos de Omphalotus olearius OBCC 2002 mediante el uso de diseños experimentales estadísticos y condiciones de fermentación en estado sólido. Métodos: en una primera etapa se utilizó el diseño Plackett Burman para estimar la importancia relativa de las variables que afectan a la producción de lovastatina. La cantidad de cebada y el tamaño de sus partículas se identificaron como variables de eficiencia. La última etapa consistió en el análisis de los efectos interactivos de las variables de eficiencia seleccionadas mediante un método factorial completo. Resultados: el rendimiento máximo de lovastatina, que resultó ser de 139,47mg por gramo de sustrato, se obtuvo realizando la fermentación a 28°C con 5g de cebada y un tamaño de partícula de 1-2mm. Conclusiones: este estudio pone de manifiesto que O. olearius OBCC 2002 posee una gran capacidad para producir lovastatina, y que dicha capacidad se ve incrementada con condiciones de fermentación en estado sólido, y el uso de un sustrato novedoso y de bajo coste como es la cebada


Assuntos
Agaricales/metabolismo , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lovastatina/biossíntese , Micologia/métodos , Avena , Meios de Cultura , Fibras na Dieta , Fermentação , Hordeum , Lactose/farmacologia , Modelos Biológicos , Oryza , Oligoelementos/farmacologia , Zea mays
3.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 23(4): 224-232, dic. 2006. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75395

RESUMO

El Chacolí de Vizcaya/Bizkaiko Txaxolina es un vino blanco característico del País Vaso con denominación de origen (BOPV 14/6/94). El objetivo del presente estudio fue seleccionar cepas de levaduras autóctonas para mejorar las condiciones de elaboración manteniendo las características propias de los vinos de esta región. Se aislaron levaduras identificadas como Saccharomyces bayanus durante las campañas 1996-1998 y se sometieron a un proceso selectivo en función de sus características enológicas y su comportamiento fermentativo. Tres de las cepas seleccionadas se inocularon a escala de bodega sobre mostos monovarietales de las dos variedades de uva aceptadas en esta denominación de origen, Hondarrabi Zuri y Folle Blanche. La implantación de las cepas inoculadas en las respectivas vinificaciones fue controlada mediante el análisis del polimorfismo de restricción ADN mitocondrial (REAmt) con la comparación con la enzima Alul, dada su especificidad, rapidez y sencillez tecnológica en comparación con otras técnicas de tipificación molecular utilizadas también en este estudio: cariotipificación cromosómica mediante electroforesis en campo pulsado, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-pCR (RAPD-pCR) y análisis del polimorfismo de restricción originado por la enzima Sfil de corte infrecuente (REA infrecuente). Este estudio ha demostrado que cepas con comportamientos fenotípicos diferentes presentan los mismos patrones de restricción con REAmt, pero pueden ser diferenciadas con otras técnicas aplicadas en este estudio, como RAPD-PCR, que pese a su baja reproductibilidad pueden ser una herramienta complementaria a REAmt. Nuestros resultados demuestran que, a pesar de utilizar cepas autóctonas seleccionadas, la inoculación de una caldo con una cepa no es garantía de que doina y dirija la fermentación del mosto, ya que una misma cepa puede imponerse o no dependiendo del tipo de mosto y de la campaña de que se trate. De las levaduras estudiadas, la cepa 2 fue la que mejores resultados proporcionó tanto en cata como en implantación, por lo que podría ser utilizada para la producción de Chacolí de Vizcaya con fines comerciales, sobre todo de mostos procedentes de Folle Blanche(AU)


The white wine Chacolía de Vizcaya/Bizkaiko Txakolina is characteristic from The Basque Country region and regulated under Appellation Contrôlée standards (BOPV 14/6/94). The objective of this study was the identification and selection of autochthonous yeast strains, to improve the conditions used to maintain the typical characteristics of this region wines. Yeasts identified as Saccharomyces bayanus isolated around these fields from 1996 to 1998, were subjected to a selective procedure based on enological characteristics and fermentative behaviour. Three of the selected strains were used to inoculate, at winery scale, two grape juice varieties accepted by the Appellation Contrôlée (Hondarrabi Zuri and Folle Blanche). The inoculated strains on the respective vinifications was followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (REAmt) method with AluI enzyme, due to their specificity, short outcome, and technological simplicity compared with other molecular typing methods such as: chromosomal karyotyping analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism using the infrequently cutting enzyme SfiI (REA infrequent). This study demonstrated that strains with different phenotypic traits could show indistinguishable restriction patterns with REAmt, but could be discriminated using other typing methods such as RAPD-PCR, which although showing low reproducibility could be used as complementary to REAmt. Our results demonstrate that in spite of using autochthonous selected strains, the inoculation of musts with a particular strain do not guarantee its predominance and driving fermentation features. Of all yeast strains studied, strain no. 2 showed the best results in sensory testing and at the implantation process. Therefore, it could be used with commercial purposes for the production of Chacolí de Vizcaya/Bizkaiko Txakolina, especially when using musts from Folle Blanche(AU)


Assuntos
Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Saccharomyces/isolamento & purificação , Vinho/microbiologia , Saccharomyces/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/biossíntese , DNA Fúngico/análise , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Fermentação , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Proteínas/metabolismo , Saccharomyces/classificação , Saccharomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento
4.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 23(3): 189-191, sept. 2006. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-75388

RESUMO

Several microorganisms are reported to have transfructosylation activity due to fructosyltransferase and/or fructofuranosidase activities. However, the search for other fungi with higher transfructosylation activity remains a challenge. So, a presumptive and indirect colorimetric plate assay for the evaluation of transfructosylation activity in fungi was developed which involved the simultaneous determination in the same plate of glucose and fructose released from sucrose. The method entailed the (a) glucose oxidase-peroxidase coupled reaction using phenol and 4-aminoantipyrine for determination of glucose; and (b) fructose dehydrogenase oxidation in the presence of a tetrazolium salt for determination of fructose. The presence of enzymes with transfructosylation activity was identified by the formation of pink (presence of glucose) and blue (presence of fructose) halos around the fungal colony. In conclusion, the results showed that the method is suitable for screening a large number of fungi due to its simplicity, reproducibility and rapidity and also gives a relative quantitative idea of the transfructosylation activity of different fungi species(AU)


Assuntos
Colorimetria/métodos , Proteínas Fúngicas/análise , Fungos/enzimologia , Hexosiltransferases/análise , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Micologia/métodos , Ampirona , Ascomicetos/enzimologia , Desidrogenases de Carboidrato/metabolismo , Compostos Cromogênicos/análise , Frutose/metabolismo , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Tiazóis , Fenol , Oligossacarídeos/biossíntese
5.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 23(2): 67-74, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-75364

RESUMO

El kéfir es una bebida láctea fermentada. Los gránulo de kéfir, comunidades de microorganismos que se agrupan en una matriz polisacárida denominada kefirano, son los responsables de esta fermentación. Estos gránulos son un ejemplo de simbiosis entre levaduras y bacterias y se han utilizado a través del tiempo para producir el kéfir, que es consumido por todo el mundo a pesar de su origen caucásico. En esa relación simbiótica, que son los gránulos de kéfir, se han aislado e identificado una amplia variedad de especies microbianas que comprenden levaduras y bacterias. El kéfir es un alimento prebiótico. Los prebióticos han demostrado ser beneficiosos para la salud, siendo de gran interés para la industria alimentaria en la actualidad. Según se afirma, el kéfir ha mostrado actividades antibacterianas, antifúngicas y antitumorales, entre otros atributos beneficiosos. Este trabajo incluye una revisión crítica de la composición microbiológica del kéfir junto con sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud humana(AU)


Kefir is a fermented milk beverage. The milk fermentation is achieved by the of kefir grains, a cluster of microorganisms held together by a polysaccharide matrix named kefiran. Kefir grains are an example of symbiosis between yeast and bacteria. They have been used over years to produce kefir, a fermented beverage that is consumed all over the world, although its origin is Caucasian. A vast variety of different species of organisms forming the kefir grains, comprising yeast and bacteria, have been isolated and identified. Kefir is a probiotic food. Probiotics have shown to be beneficial to health, being presently of great interest to the food industry. Kefir has been accredited with antibacterial, antifungal and antitumoural activities among other beneficial attributes. This review includes a critical revision of the microbiological composition of kefir along with its beneficial properties to human health(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/dietoterapia , Fungos/fisiologia , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Alimentos Integrais/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Simbiose/fisiologia , Iogurte , Colesterol/metabolismo , Produtos Fermentados do Leite/microbiologia , Doenças do Sistema Digestório/dietoterapia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Sistema Imunitário , Microbiologia Industrial , Micoses/dietoterapia
6.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 23(2): 90-93, jun. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75368

RESUMO

Se identificó a Candia tropicalis como el agente causal de una servera contaminación detectada en la producción de levadura forrajera en una fábrica de la región oriental de Cuba. Posteriormente a un detallado diagnóstico en las materias primas y diferentes secciones de la fábrica con el objetivo de identificar el foco y aislar el microorganismo contaminante, se procedió a su identificación mediante comparación de secuencias nucleotídicas de las regiones adyacentes no codificadoras ITS (internacional transcribed spacer) ITS1 a ITS4 de ADN ribosomal (ADNrib) 5,8S. En paralelo, se simuló la multiplicación celular de la cepa de producción, Candida utilis NRRL Y-660, a volumen de laboratorio (2,5l), observándose los mismos efectos negativos detectados a nivel industrial sobre su comportamiento cinético al conducir un cultivo en condiciones aerobias con melazas contaminadas. La identificación y caracterización cinética primaria permitió la adopción de medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de carácter tecnológico restableciéndose la producción a la vez que se adoptó una metodología para la vigilancia profiláctica de futuras contaminaciones(AU)


Candida tropicalis was identified as the etiologic agent of a severe contamination detected on an industrial fodder yeast production at the Cuban eastern region. After a detailed diagnostic task on raw material carried out on different factory sections, protocols to identify the contamination source and to isolate the microorganism were proposed. The identification was by comparison of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS4 from 5.8S ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequences. In parallel, propagation of production strain, Candida utilis NRRL Y-660, at lab scale (2.5 l) was performed. Similar results to those observed in the factory concerning to its kinetic behavior in aerobic propagation with contaminated molasses, were detected at this level. The identification and primary kinetic characterization led to the implementation of sanitary and technological measures to bring production at its normal operational conditions as well as the application of prophylactic surveillance methodologies to avoid future contaminations(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ração Animal/microbiologia , Candida/fisiologia , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/análise , Sequência de Bases , Cuba/epidemiologia , Fermentação , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/análise , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
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