Barreras y propuestas para el abordaje sanitario de la trata con fines de explotación sexual / Barriers and proposals for a health care approach to trafficking for sexual exploitation

Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual, identificar las dificultades y recoger las propuestas de profesionales en contacto directo con las víctimas en Andalucía. Método: Estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a 10 informantes clave seleccionados en entidades de apoyo y atención a víctimas de trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en 2021. Dos investigadoras llevaron a cabo un análisis de contenido categórico temático. Se analizaron tres temas con diferentes subtemas. Resultados: Se han identificado dificultades relacionadas con las mujeres (tardan en reconocerse como víctimas, diferencias culturales, desconfianza en el sistema), con los traficantes (modificación de estrategias), con profesionales de la salud (falta de sensibilidad y poca homogeneidad en las actuaciones) y con el sistema sanitario (ausencia de intermediación cultural, complejidad administrativa). Las personas informantes clave proponen una mayor capacitación de profesionales, el empleo de protocolos de actuación efectivos y una mejor coordinación entre instituciones. Conclusiones: El sector sanitario enfrenta diversos desafíos para dar una respuesta integral y efectiva a la trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual. Se requieren mejoras en la sensibilización de profesionales de la salud, el desarrollo de protocolos estandarizados, una mayor colaboración entre sectores, la provisión de servicios especializados en salud mental y una mediación cultural eficaz.(AU)

Objective: To examine the perception of the trafficking in women for sexual exploitation, identify the difficulties and collect the proposals of professionals in direct contact with the victims of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in Andalusia (Spain). Method: Qualitative study based on interviews with 10 key informants, selected from organizations providing support and care to victims of trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in 2021. Two researchers carried out a thematic categorical content analysis, integrative and relational analysis. Three themes with different sub-themes were analyzed. Results: Difficulties have been identified in relation to women (delay in recognizing themselves as victims, cultural differences, distrust of the system), traffickers (modification of strategies), health professionals (lack of sensitivity and lack of homogeneity in actions) and the health system (lack of cultural intermediation, administrative complexity). The key informants propose more training for professionals, the use of effective action protocols and better coordination between institutions. Conclusions: The health sector faces a number of challenges in responding comprehensively and effectively to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. Improvements are needed in raising awareness among health professionals, the development of standardized protocols, greater collaboration between sectors, the provision of specialized mental health services and effective cultural mediation.(AU)

Impunidad e invisibilidad: el drama del abuso sexual infantil / Impunity and invisibility: the drama of child sexual abuse / Impunitat I invisibilitat: el drama de l'abús sexual infantil

El presente artículo es una mirada al escenario específico de la explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes, en especial en viajes y turismo (Explotación Sexual Comercial en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes en Viajes de Turismo, ESCNNA-VT). Esta modalidad de abuso sexual se configura como un delito amparado por estructuras de poder que imponen la invisibilidad y la impunidad. Esta violencia contra la infancia tiene un ingrediente de crueldad pura, que requiere ser conocido, reconocido, asumido y urgentemente atendido

This article is a look at the specific scenario of the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, especially while travelling (Commercial Sexual Exploitation in Children, Adolescents in Tourism Travel, ESCNNA-VT). This type of sexual abuse is shaped as a crime covered by power structures that impose invisibility and impunity. This violence against children has an ingredient of pure cruelty that must be known, acknowledged, assumed and urgently taken care of

El present article és una mirada a l'escenari específic de l'explotació sexual comercial de nens, nenes I adolescents, en especial en viatges I turisme (Explotació Sexual Comercial en Nens, Nenes I Adolescents en Viatges de Turisme, ESCNNA-VT). Aquesta modalitat d'abús sexual es configura com un delicte emparat per estructures de poder que imposen la invisibilitat I la impunitat. Aquesta violència contra la infància té un ingredient de crueltat pura, que requereix ser conegut, reconegut, assumit I urgentment atès

Genetic data and the right to identity in cases of enforced disappearances of children in Argentina, Spain and the Republic of Ireland: a comparative study of historical and legal evolution / Datos genéticos y el derecho a la identidad en casos de desapariciones forzadas de niños en Argentina, España y la República de Irlanda: un estudio comparativo de la evolución histórica y jurídica

The problem of enforced child disappearances is common to Argentina, Spain and Ireland. Policies around DNA searches for these children differ, as do the legal solutions and case law in each country, and the decisions taken by each with regard the right to biological identity

Argentina, España e Irlanda comparten la problemática de la desaparición forzada de niños. Las políticas en la búsqueda de los niños a través del ADN difieren, pero también las soluciones legales y jurisprudenciales dadas por cada uno de estos Estados, así como la opción que han dado al derecho a la identidad biológica

Violencia extrema contra la mujer y feminicidio: del escenario íntimo al tráfico de personas en el Perú / Extreme violence against women and femicide: from the intimate scene to the human trafficking in Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de violencia extrema contra la mujer (VECM) y feminicidio, así como algunos factores de riesgo en el Perú entre los años 2009 y 2014. Método: Investigación observacional de datos secundarios (2009-2014) del Observatorio de Criminalidad del Ministerio Público. Resultados: Tacna (razón de tasas [RT] = 3,144; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] = 2,622-3,770), Madre de Dios (RT = 2,611; IC95% = 1,828-3,730), Junín (RT = 2,302; IC95% = 2,017-2,627), Ayacucho (RT = 2,101; IC95% = 1,720-2,567) y Huánuco (RT = 1,393; IC95% = 1,199-1,619) tuvieron mayor riesgo de feminicidio. En enero existe mayor riesgo de VECM (RT = 1,329; IC95% = 1,090-1,622) y feminicidio (RT = 1,427; IC95%: 1,139-1,789). Existe mayor riesgo de que la VECM culmine en feminicidio cuando la víctima es ≤12 años (odds ratio cruda [ORc] = 8,698; IC95% = 2,482-53,660) o ≥65 años (ORc = 8,263; IC95% = 1,525-173,100), cuando el agresor es desconocido (ORc = 4,697; IC95% = 1,599-19,360), conocido (ORc = 4,216; IC95% = 1,626-13,910), familiar (ORc = 2,150; IC95% = 1,260-3,843) o pareja (ORc = 1,337; IC95% = 1,008-1,772). Conclusiones: Existe mayor riesgo de VECM y feminicidio en enero; asimismo, el riesgo de feminicidio es mayor cuando la VECM se produce en un escenario no íntimo y perpetrado por un desconocido

Objective: To determine the incidence of extreme violence against women (EVAW) and femicide; and some risk factors in Peru from 2009 until 2014. Method: Observational research of secondary data (2009-2014) from the Criminality´s Observatory of the Public Ministry. Results: Tacna (RT = 3.144; IC95% = 2,622-3,770), Madre de Dios (RR = 2,611; IC95% = 1,828-3,730), Junín (RR = 2.302; IC95% = 2.017-2.627), Ayacucho (RR = 2.101; IC95% = 1.720-2.567) and Huánuco (RR = 1.393; IC95% = 1.199-1.619) had more femicide risk. There is a greater EVAW risk (RR = 1.329, 95%CI = 1.090-1.622) and femicide risk (RR = 1.427, 95%CI = 1.139-1.789) in January. EVAW is more likely to culminate in femicide when the aggressor is ≤12 years old, (cOR = 8.698, 95%CI = 2.482-53.660), or ≥65 years old (cOR = 8,263, 95%CI = 1.525-173.100), when the aggressor is unknown (cOR = 4.697, 95%CI = 1.599-19.360), known person (cOR = 4.216; 95%CI = 1.626-13.910), a family member (cOR = 2.150; 95%CI = 1.260-3.843) or partner (cOR = 1.337, 95%CI = 1.008-1.772). Conclusions: EVAW and femicide risk are higher in January; also, femicide risk is higher when the VECM occurs in a non-intimate setting and it is perpetrated by an unknown person

Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in traumatised asylum seekers: A pilot study

Background and Objectives: Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD), a construct associated with early onset and repeated interpersonal trauma, has not previously been assessed in asylum seekers who have experienced major human rights violations. The aim of this pilot study was to describe the cPTSD symptom profile in asylum seekers, and to compare this profile between three groups of people who have experienced: human trafficking, domestic violence and/or torture. Methods: Over a period of eight weeks, clinicians working at the Helen Bamber Foundation charity invited 48 patients currently receiving psychotherapy to take part in the study, of whom 30 (62.5%) agreed. The structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES) was used to assess cPTSD in 29 asylum seekers, as one patient withdrew during the interview. Results: Participants originated from 18 countries, 72.4% were female, the median age at trauma onset was 17 years and the duration of trauma was ten years. Eight (27.6%) participants were found to have cPTSD, defined as having all six symptom clusters, and 15 (51.7%) had five or more cPTSD symptom clusters. Age at trauma onset, duration of trauma, last trauma experience, gender and trauma type were not found to be associated with cPTSD presence. Conclusions: Extensive cPTSD symptoms were common in all participants, regardless of the nature of the trauma experienced. Future research is needed to enable generalisability of cPTSD symptom profile in asylum seekers (AU)