Intermittent hypoxia in sport nutrition, performance, health status and body composition / Hipoxia intermitente en nutrición deportiva, rendimiento, estado de salud y composición corporal

Intermittent hypoxia refers to the discontinuous use of low oxygen levels in normobaric environment. These conditions can be reproduced in hypoxic tents or chambers while the individual is training in different physical activity protocols. Intermittent hypoxia can affect several body systems, impacting nutrition, physical performance, health status and body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess protocols, regarding time and frequency of exposure, passive exposure or training in hypoxia, and the simulated altitude. At the molecular level, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is the primary factor mediating induction of target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The goal of these molecular changes is to preserve oxygen supply for cardiac and neuronal function. In addition, hypoxia produces a sympathetic adrenal activation that can increase the resting metabolic rate. Altogether, these changes are instrumental in protocols designed to improve physical performance as well as functional parameters for certain pathological disorders. In addition, nutrition must adapt to the increased energy expenditure. In this last context, performing physical activity in intermittent hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the presence of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle membranes. These changes could also be relevant for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Also, the anorectic effect of intermittent hypoxia modulates serotonin and circulating leptin levels, which may contribute to regulate food intake and favor body weight adaptation for optimal sport performance and health. All these actions suggest that intermittent hypoxia can be a very effective tool in sports training as well as in certain clinical protocols.(AU)

La hipoxia intermitente se refiere al uso discontinuo de bajas concentraciones de oxígeno en un entorno normobárico. Estas condiciones puedenser reproducidas en tiendas de hipoxia o en cámaras mientras el sujeto está entrenando diferentes protocolos de actividad física. La hipoxiaintermitente puede afectar a varios sistemas corporales, impactando sobre la nutrición, el estado de salud y la composición corporal. Por lotanto, es necesario establecer protocolos que consideren el tiempo y la frecuencia de exposición, exposición pasiva o entrenamiento en hipoxia,así como la altitud simulada. A nivel molecular, el factor inducible por hypoxia-1α es el primer factor que media la activación de genes diana,incluidos el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y la eritropoyetina. La finalidad de estos cambios es preservar el aporte de oxígeno parala función cardiaca y neuronal. Además, la hipoxia produce activación simpático-adrenal, que puede incrementar el metabolismo basal. Todosestos cambios son necesarios en protocolos diseñados para mejorar el rendimiento físico al igual que parámetros funcionales para el tratamientode ciertas patologías. Además, la nutrición debe adaptarse al gasto energético incrementado. En este contexto, la ejecución de actividad físicaen hipoxia intermitente mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina incrementando la presencia del transportador de glucosa GLUT-4 en las membranasmusculares. Estos cambios podrían ser también relevantes para el tratamiento de la obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2. Además, el efecto anoréxicode la hipoxia intermitente modula los niveles de serotonina y leptina, contribuyendo a regular la ingesta de comida y favoreciendo una adaptaciónóptima del peso corporal para el desempeño deportivo y la salud. Todas estas acciones sugieren que la hipoxia intermitente puede ser una herramienta muy efectiva en entrenamiento deportivo, al igual que en ciertos protocolos clínicos.(AU)

Physical activity habits associated with health variables in Chilean male school children / Hábitos de actividad física asociados a variables de salud en escolares chilenos varones

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a factor that con-tributes to increased cardiometabolic risk, such as overweightand obesity in schoolchildren.Aim: To associate physical activity habits with morphologi-cal variables (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference[WC], body fat, and fat-free mass), blood pressure, glycemia,handgrip strength (HGS), and countermovement jump (CMJ)in Chilean male schoolchildren. In addition, to compare phys-ically active (PA) schoolchildren to physically inactive (PI)schoolchildren on morphological variables, blood pressure,glycemia, HGS, and CMJ. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed160 schoolchildren with a mean age of 7.12 ± 4.5 years dis-tributed into PA schoolchildren (n=75) and PI schoolchildren(n=85). A logistic regression was performed to identify theassociation between physical activity habits with factors ofmorphological variables (BMI, WC, body fat, and fat-freemass), blood pressure, glycemia, HGS, and CMJ. In addition,to compare the differences in physical activity habits (physi-cally active vs. physically inactive), a student’s t-test was per-formed for independent samples. Results: Logistic regression showed that physical activityis protective factor against excess body fat of 46% (OR=0.46; 95%CI= 0.22 to 0.95; p= 0.03), hyperglycemia of 25%(OR= 0.25; 95%CI= 0.12 to 0.51; p< 0.0001), high bloodpressure of 31% (OR= 0.31; 95%CI= 0.15 to 0.67; p=0.002), and HGS dominant hand of 40% (OR= 0.40; 95%CI=0.19 to 0.83; p= 0.014). Conclusion: Physical activity protected against excessbody fat, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and decreased HGSin Chilean male schoolchildren. PA schoolchildren exhibitedlower body fat, reduced risk of hyperglycemia and hyper-tension, and improved HGS and CMJ compared to PI school-children.(AU)

Introducción: La inactividad física es un factor que contribuye al aumento del riesgo cardiometabólico, como el sobrepeso y la obesidad en escolares.Objetivo: Asociar los hábitos de actividad física con variables morfológicas (índice de masa corporal [IMC], circunferencia de cintura [CC], grasa corporal y masa libre de grasa), presión arterial, glucemia, fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) y salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) en escolares hombres chilenos. Además, comparar escolares físicamente activos (FA) con escolares físicamente inactivos (FI) en variables morfológicas, presión arterial, glucemia, FPM y CMJ.Material y métodos: Estudio transversal que analizó 160 escolares con una edad media de 7,12 ± 4,5 años distribuidos en escolares FA (n= 75) y escolares FI (n= 85). Se realizó una regresión logística para identificar la asociación entre los hábitos de actividad física con factores de las variables morfológicas (IMC, CC, grasa corporal y masa libre de grasa), presión arterial, glucemia, FPM y CMJ. Además, para comparar las diferencias en los hábitos de actividad física (físicamente activos vs. físicamente inactivos), se realizó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes.Resultados: La regresión logística mostró que la actividad física es un factor protector contra el exceso de grasa corporal en un 46% (OR= 0,46; IC95%= 0,22 a 0,95; p= 0,03), hiperglucemia en un 25% (OR= 0,25; IC95%= 0,12 a 0,51; p< 0,0001), hipertensión arterial del 31% (OR= 0,31; IC95%= 0,15 a 0,67; p= 0,002), y FPM en mano dominante del 40% (OR= 0,40; IC95%= 0,19 a 0,83; p= 0,014).Conclusión: La actividad física protegió contra el exceso de grasa corporal, la hiperglucemia, la hipertensión arterial y la disminución de FPM en escolares hombres chilenos. Los escolares FA exhibieron menos grasa corporal, menor riesgo de hiperglucemia e hipertensión, y FPM, además de CMJ mejorados en comparación con los escolares FI.(AU)

Healthcare professionals, how they evaluate themselves about physical image, healthy orthorexia, and physical activity / Profesionales de la salud, cómo se evalúan sobre imagen física, ortorexia saludable y actividad física

Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para evaluar las elecciones alimentarias de los trabajadores de la salud según la imagen corporal, la ortorexia saludable y el estado de actividad física.Métodos: Este estudio se realizó mediante la técnica de entrevista cara a cara con 137 personal de salud que aceptaron voluntariamente participar en el estudio en un hospital privado en Ankara entre diciembre de 2022 y febrero de 2023. Información sobre el estado de salud y nutrición, medidas antropométricas (altura (cm), peso corporal (kg)) Cuestionario de forma corporal (BSQ-34), Escala de ortorexia de Teruel (TOS), Cuestionario de selección de alimentos (FCQ), Internacional Se administró el Cuestionario de actividad física (IPAQ).Resultados: Participaron en el estudio un total de 137 personas, 69,3% mujeres y 30,7% hombres. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres en términos de estado de ánimo, condición física y factores de control del peso corporal en la selección de alimentos (p<0,05). El factor de control del estado emocional y del peso corporal afecta positivamente a la ortorexia nerviosa, mientras que el factor de atracción sensorial afecta negativamente a la ortorexia nerviosa (p<0,05 ß=0,260, ß=0,291, ß= -0,426). No hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto a los factores considerados en la selección de alimentos según el estado de actividad física de los trabajadores de la salud (p<0,05).Conclusión: Se observó que la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal de las mujeres fue mayor que la de los hombres. El promedio de los factores de control del estado de ánimo, el estado físico y el peso corporal a los que las mujeres prestan atención en la selección de alimentos tienen un efecto mayor que los hombres. Se consideró que las actividades físicas de los trabajadores de la salud eran insuficientes.(AU)

Objective: This study was conducted to change the nutri-tional choices of healthcare professionals according to bodyimage, healthy orthorexia and physical activity.Methods: This study was conducted in a private hospitalbetween December 2022 and February 2023 with 95 femaleand 42 male healthcare professionals who agreed to partici-pate in the research. A face-to-face survey form was used forhealthcare workers and general information, information onhealth and nutritional status, anthropometric measurements(height (cm), body weight ((kg)), Body Shape Questionnaire(BSQ-34), Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) were collected, FoodChoice Questionnaire (FCQ), International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The average BMI of healthcare workers is withinthe normal range (24.8±4.43kg/m2). There was a significantdifference between genders in terms of body shape dissatis-faction, and it was found that women were more likely thanmen (p<0.05). While the average BSQ-34 score of obese pe-ople is highest, the average decreases as the BMI level dec-reases. There is a significant relationship between gender andBMI in those who do not have body shape dissatisfaction andthose who have mild dissatisfaction (p<0.05). There is a sig-nificant difference between genders in terms of mood, fitnessand body weight control factors in food selection, and theaverage for women is higher than for men (p<0.05). As bodyshape dissatisfaction increases, the average mood factor infood selection increases. Age positively affects healthy ortho-rexia (p<0.05, ß=0.269). The level of body shape dissatisfaction positively affects orthorexia nervosa (ß=0.409, p<0.05).In the case of healthy orthorexia, there is a significant posi-tive relationship between food choice and health (ß=0.326,p<0.05), and a negative relationship between the sensoryattractiveness factor (ß=-0.248, p<0.05)...(AU)

Dietary Diversity Score and Adolescent Obesity Among West Sumaterans Girl / Puntuación de diversidad dietética y obesidad adolescente entre niñas de Sumatra Occidental

Backbround: Obesity develops from multifactorial factors. Adequacy and quality of food are associated with nutritional needs and health status. Studies on the relationship between dietary diversity scores (DDS) and obesity are inconsistent.Objectives: This study aims to determine the comparison of dietary diversity scores and their relationship with obesity in adolescent girlsMethods :The participants in this cross-sectional research were 272 adolescent girls ( 110 obese and 162 normal) aged 12 to 18 years old in West Sumatera. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to determine their sociodemographics, personality traits, dietary diversity score [DDS], and anthropometrics. The DDS was calculated based on five dietary categories [grains/bread, vegetables, fruits, meats and meat substitutes, and dairy items] as well as weight status [BMI Z score]. An independent t test comparing mean DDS between obese and normal groups; an ANOVA test comparing anthropometry based on DDS, both with p < 0.05 significance level.Result : The mean DDS on obesity is significantly lower than normal adolescents by 4.10 ± 1.5 versus 4.46 ± 1.52 p=0.042. Adolescents with lower DDS exhibited obesity of 83.3%, and the normal ones were 16.7%. On the other hand, adolescents with higher DDS showed obesity of 25.6%, and the normal ones were 74.4%. The prevalence of obesity is inversely associated with the dietary diversity score p= 0.012Conclusion : There was a negatively significant association between dietary diversity score and obesity. In comparison to the normal groups, adolescent girls with obesity had a lower dietary diversity score.(AU)

Traducción y validación del cuestionario Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) al idioma castellano / Translation and validation of the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) questionnaire into Spanish language

Objetivo: Traducir y validar al castellano el cuestionario V-FUCHS en una población de pacientes que padecen distrofia endotelial de Fuchs (DEF).MétodosEl V-FUCHS consta de 15 preguntas, que valoran aspectos visuales de la calidad de vida en los pacientes con DEF, las cuales se pueden agrupar en 7 que valoran el factor «dificultad visual» y 8 que valoran el factor «deslumbramiento». Para la traducción y adaptación se siguieron las normas estandarizadas, destacando, una traducción, una retro-traducción y una aplicación en pacientes con DEF.ResultadosEn una primera fase se llegó al consenso de la traducción al castellano del V-FUCHS. Posteriormente, se incluyeron 25 pacientes para realizar la fase pre-test con el objetivo de valorar la aplicabilidad y la viabilidad del test. La puntuación de las mismas obtuvo un valor mínimo de −0,88 y un valor máximo de +2,44, según la escala probabilística de Rasch. El valor medio obtenido de las preguntas que conforman el factor dificultad visual fue de 0,61 (±0,71) y la media del factor deslumbramiento (Glare) fue de 0,41 (±0,51).ConclusiónLa validación del cuestionario V-FUCHS, tras su traducción y adaptación al castellano, demostró ser una herramienta útil para la valoración de la calidad visual de los pacientes con DEF. Los pacientes con un estado más avanzado de la enfermedad presentaron una mayor severidad en el resultado de la prueba. Asimismo, el factor deslumbramiento se correlaciona mejor con el aumento paquimétrico que con la agudeza visual del paciente. (AU)

Purpose: To translate and validate the V-FUCHS questionnaire into Spanish in a population of patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (DEF).MethodsThe V-FUCHS consists of 15 short, easily understandable questions that assess visual aspects of quality of life in patients with DEF, which can be gathered into a group of seven that assess the “Visual Difficulty” factor and another group of eight that assess the “Glare Factor”. For the translation and cultural adaptation, the standardized norms for this process were followed, among other phases, a translation, a back-translation and an application in patients with DEF.ResultsIn the first phase, consensus was reached on the Spanish translation of the V-FUCHS. Subsequently, 25 patients were included to carry out the pre-test phase with the aim of assessing the applicability and feasibility of the test. The score obtained a minimum value of −0.88 and a maximum value of +2.44, according to the Rasch probabilistic scale. The mean value obtained from the Visual Difficulty factor was 0.61 (±0.71), while the mean for the Glare factor was 0.41 (±0.51).ConclusionThe validation of the V-FUCHS questionnaire, after its translation and adaptation into Spanish, proved to be a useful tool for assessing the visual quality of patients with DEF. Patients with a more advanced stage of the disease presented a greater severity in the test result. Likewise, the Glare factor (Glare) correlates better with the pachymetric increase than with the visual acuity of the patient. (AU)

The impact of swimming training on physiological and psychological indicators in individuals of different age groups: a cross-sectional study

Swimming training is a kind of aquatic exercise that has been shown to be beneficial to physical fitness at any age. This study aimed to determine how mental and physical aspects of swimming affect aerobic and anaerobic capacity describes the physiologicaland psychological effects of swimming training at different ages. This studyexamines how swimming impacts youthful and elderly cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition. A correlation and stepwise regression analysis was performed on the information gathered from a RESTQ-76 sport questionnaire, aHeart Rate Variability (HRV) test, and the efforts of swimmers to improve their aerobic and anaerobic swimming performance. We also investigate the benefits that swimming has on lowering stress, boosting self-esteem, and improving mental health for people of varying ages. We useSPSS version 17.0 was used for the statistical analysis. An examination of the relevant research reveals that swimmers of all ages enjoy significant advantages as a result of their training, including enhancements to their physical and mental health. In that case, they can be able to tailor swimming programs to match the changing physiological and psychological needs of their swimmers. Findings from this study add to a growing body of evidence that open-water swimming is perceived to have positive effects on participants' mental and physical health regardless of age and can be used to inform co-created policy formation to advance outdoor recreation possibilities that are safer, healthier, and more sustainable about this expanding outside activity (AU)

Pobreza energética y salud en población gitana y en población general de España / Energy poverty and self-rated health among Roma population and general population in Spain

Objetivo: Cuantificar la pobreza energética en población gitana y población general de España, en 2016, y observar la asociación de este fenómeno con la salud autopercibida, ajustando por los principales determinantes socioeconómicos. Método: La pobreza energética fue definida como la incapacidad económica para mantener el calor dentro del hogar, la presencia de humedad en la vivienda y tener retrasos en el pago de facturas de suministros, con datos de dos encuestas europeas para España en 2016: la Encuesta sobre Ingresos y Condiciones de Vida (EU-SILC) y la Segunda Encuesta sobre Minorías y Discriminación (EU-MIDIS II). Se calcularon modelos de regresión logística jerárquica con la salud autopercibida como variable resultado, ajustando progresivamente por variables demográficas (género y edad), ambientales (temperatura del hogar, humedad y retrasos en las facturas) y socioeconómicas (nivel educativo, estado civil y situación ocupacional). Resultados: El 45% de la población gitana mostró niveles moderados o altos de pobreza energética. La odds ratio (OR) de mala salud autopercibida era mayor en la población gitana (OR: 3,11; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2,59-3,74). No poder mantener una temperatura adecuada en el interior del hogar incrementó considerablemente el riesgo de mala salud (OR: 2,10; IC95%: 1,90-2,32). Tras ajustar por variables demográficas, ambientales y socioeconómicas, no observamos asociación entre población de adscripción y salud autopercibida. Conclusiones: Considerando los principales determinantes sociales, indicadores de pobreza energética incluidos, ser una persona gitana no se asocia con declarar mala salud. Este resultado señala la relevancia de abordar los factores socioeconómicos, la pobreza energética entre ellos, para reducir las desigualdades en salud.(AU)

Objective: To quantify energy poverty in Roma population and in general population in Spain, in 2016, as well as to observe the association of this phenomenon with self-rated health, adjusted according to the main socio-economic determinants. Method: Energy poverty has been defined as the financial inability to keep a home warm, the presence of dampness in the dwelling and falling into arrears in utility bills, using data from two European surveys from Spain in 2016: the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Second Survey on Minorities and Discrimination (EU-MIDIS II). Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated with self-rated health as the outcome variable, progressively adjusted according to demographic (gender and age), environmental (household temperature, humidity and arrears in utility bills) and socio-economic (level of education, marital status and employment status) variables. Results: Our results show that 45% of the Roma population had moderate or high levels of energy poverty. The odds ratio (OR) of poor self-rated health was higher in the Roma population (OR: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.59–3.74). The inability to maintain an adequate indoor temperature significantly increased the risk of poor health (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.90–2.32). After adjusting according to demographic, environmental and socio-economic variables, no association was observed between the population of ascription and self-rated health. Conclusions: Taking into account the main social determinants, including energy poverty indicators, being Roma is not associated with reporting poor health. This result points to the importance of tackling socio-economic factors, including energy poverty, to reduce health inequalities.(AU)

Investigation into the association between physical health parameters and tongue image characteristics in college students

Objective: To investigate the correlation between physical health and tongue signs in college students. Methods. Twelve hundred and fourteen college students in the first year of a university in Ningbo were randomly selected as the study subjects, all of whom met the inclusion criteria to test their physical health and perform Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis. All collected data were later imported into an Excel sheet to create a database, and SPSS19.0 statistical software was used for data statistics and analysis. The mean of the measured data was expressed as standard deviation ±, the count data was expressed as frequency, the categorical data was expressed as X2 test, and the analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. Results. (1) Among each constitution type, the agreement rates from highest to lowest were: damp-heat constitution (85.17%), blood stasis constitution (83.33%), calm constitution (79.78%), yin deficiency constitution (75.68%), yang deficiency constitution (74.47%), phlegm-damp constitution (69.70%), qi deficiency constitution (65.00%), qi-yu constitution (0.00%), special endowment physique (0.00%). (2) The two factors of gender and obesity had a small effect on the agreement rate of the results of the tongue image and health status questionnaire in identifying TCM constitution, and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). (3) Two factors, the degree of understanding of the health status questionnaire and the environment in which the tongue images were taken, had a greater influence on the agreement rate between the tongue images and the health status questionnaire in identifying the TCM physique, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that lung capacity, sitting forward bend, 1000m, standing long jump for boys, 50m and 800m for girls were the influencing factors of normal tongue image (AU)

Estado de salud de pacientes con trasplante hepático por enfermedad relacionada con el consumo de alcohol vs. otras etiologías: estudio de cohortes / Health status of patients with liver transplantation by alcohol-related disease vs another etiology: a cohort study

Objetivo: Estudiar el estado de salud de un grupo de pacientes con trasplante hepático (TH) por enfermedad relacionada con el consumo de alcohol vs. otras etiologías, antes y después del trasplante. Método: Estudio longitudinal de cohortes en pacientes trasplantados hepáticos desde noviembre de 2019 hasta julio de 2022. Se incluyeron pacientes atendidos para un primer TH tanto electivo como urgente en la Unidad de Trasplantes de un hospital. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes que ya portaban un órgano trasplantado y aquellos que necesitaron un re-TH en el primer mes tras el primer trasplante. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELDNa), índice de fragilidad hepática (LFI), efectos emocionales-conductuales del trasplante, nivel de ansiedad y depresión. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas de X2 de Pearson, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney y el signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: La muestra fue n = 67 pacientes trasplantados hepáticos, con una edad promedio de 56,37 años, siendo 67,2% hombres y 39% por enfermedad hepática relacionada con el alcohol (EHRA). De todos los pacientes incluidos, 9% fueron trasplantes urgentes. El consumo de alcohol se asoció con una mayor edad, una alta tasa de fragilidad hepática y una situación laboral no activa. La etiología alcohólica se correlacionó con una mayor preocupación durante los primeros seis meses después del trasplante de hígado. Conclusión: Existen diferencias en el estado de salud de los pacientes trasplantados hepáticos por EHRA vs. otra etiología. Las enfermeras deben considerar la etiología de la enfermedad hepática para orientar los cuidados y las intervenciones durante todo el proceso de trasplante.(AU)

Aim: To study the health status of a group of patients with liver transplantation by alcohol-related disease vs another etiology before and after the transplantation. Method: Longitudinal cohort study of liver transplant patients from November 2019 to July 2022. Adult patients attended in the unit of transplantation of a hospital for a first liver transplant, both elective and urgent, were included. Patients who already had a transplanted organ and those who required liver re-transplantation in the first month after the first transplant were excluded. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, MELDNa, liver frailty index, emotional-behavioral effects of transplantation, level of anxiety and depression were collected. Pearson's chi-square, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon sign tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The sample was n = 67 liver transplant patients with a mean age of 56.37 years, 67.2% being men and 39% due to alcohol-related liver disease. 9% of all included patients were urgent transplants. Alcohol consumption was associated with older age, a high rate of liver frailty, and a non-active work situation. Alcoholic etiology correlated with increased concern during the first six months after liver transplantation. Conclusion: There are differences in the health status between liver transplant patients for alcohol-related liver disease vs other etiology. Nurses must consider the etiology of liver disease to guide care and interventions throughout the transplant process.(AU)

Características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y condiciones de salud de las personas privadas de libertad / Características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde de pessoas privadas de liberdade / Sociodemographic characteristics, life habits and health conditions of people deprived of liberty

La privación de la libertad, por sus características, impone a las personas hábitos y costumbres diferenciados que pueden influir en su salud. En ese sentido, el propósito de este estudio es describir las características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y condiciones de salud de las personas privadas de libertad. Se trata de un estudio transversal y descriptivo, realizado en cuatro centros penitenciarios de una ciudad del sur de Brasil. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante un instrumento semiestructurado y se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis. Participaron 326 personas privadas de libertad, 90,8% eran hombres, 53,4% jóvenes, entre 18 y 29 años, 43,3% solteros, 55,8% con menos de nueve años de escolaridad, 61,3% realizaban alguna actividad en la unidad carcelaria, 63,2% eran fumadores o exfumadores, 28,2% ingerían bebidas alcohólicas y 60,4% eran usuarios o exusuarios de drogas ilícitas, 71,2% practicaban actividades físicas, 86,1% evaluaban positivamente su estado de salud y 52,5% reportaban alguna enfermedad crónica. Las enfermedades más frecuentes declaradas en sus relatos fueron las respiratorias, las gastrointestinales, las mentales, las cardiovasculares y las musculoesqueléticas. Las personas privadas de libertad tienen enfermedades crónicas y factores de riesgo prevalentes en la población general. Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de este grupo de población puede contribuir a las acciones de promoción de la salud, prevención y control de los factores de riesgo. (AU)

A privação de liberdade, por suas características, impõe as pessoas hábitos e costumes diferenciados que podem influenciar em sua saúde. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste é descrever as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde de pessoas privadas de liberdade. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado em quatro unidades penais de um município do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por instrumento semiestruturado e utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise. Participaram 326 pessoas privadas de liberdade, dessas 90,8% eram do sexo masculino, 53,4% jovens, com idade entre 18 e 29 anos, 43,3% solteiras, 55,8% com escolaridade inferior a nove anos, 61,3% realizavam alguma atividade na unidade penal, 63,2% eram fumantes ou ex-fumantes, 28,2% ingeriam bebida alcoólica e 60,4% usuários ou ex-usuários de drogas ilícitas, 71,2% praticavam atividades físicas, 86,1% avaliaram positivamente o estado de saúde e 52,5% relatou alguma doença crônica. As doenças que prevaleceram nos autorrelatos foram as respiratórias, gastrointestinais, psíquicas, cardiovasculares e osteomusculares. As pessoas privadas de liberdade possuem as doenças crônicas e fatores de risco prevalentes na população em geral. Conhecer o perfil epidemiológico desse grupo populacional pode contribuir com ações promotoras de saúde, prevenção e controle dos fatores de risco. (AU)

The deprivation of liberty, due to its characteristics, imposes on people differentiated habits and customs that can influence their health. In that sense, the objective of this is to verify the prevalence of chronic diseases in the prison population. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in four prison unity in a city in southern Brazil. Data collection was performed by a semi-structured instrument and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Participated 326 people deprived of freedom, 90.8% were male, 53.4% young, aged between 18 and 29 years, 43.3% single, 55.8% with less than nine years of schooling, 61.3% performed some activity in the penal unit, 63.2% were smokers or former smokers, 28.2% drank alcohol and 60.4% used or ex used illicit drugs, 71.2% practiced physical activities, 86.1% positively evaluated their health status and 52.5% reported some chronic disease. The most prevalent self-reported diseases were respiratory, gastrointestinal, mental, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal. People deprived of freedom have chronic diseases and risk factors prevalent in the general population. Knowing the epidemiological profile of this population group can contribute to health-promoting actions, prevention, and control of risk factors. (AU)

Percentile of physical condition in children and adolescents from Cuenca - Ecuador: alpha-fit battery / Percentiles de la condición física en niños y adolescentes de cuenca - ecuador: batería alpha-fit

The physical condition was evaluated and the normative reference values were obtained using the Alpha-Fit Battery. The main objective of this study was to establish the percentiles, their respective curves and differences between the sexes for the tests, thus providing an instrument that facilitates the evaluation of physical condition. With a sample of 604 children and adolescents (9-12 years old) with a normal body mass index (BMI) and no conditions that affect their physical performance. A significant difference was evidenced, with a higher average in women, in the measurements of body composition (BMI, height, body weight and skin folds). As well as higher averages in men in the long jump, 20-m shuttle run and shuttle run 4 x 10m. Likewise, there were higher averages in the long jump, shuttle run 4 x 10m and handgrip, as age increased, regardless of sex (AU)

A través de la Batería Alpha-Fit, se evaluó la condición física y obtuvo los valores normativos referenciales. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue establecer los percentiles, sus respectivas curvas y las diferencias entre sexos para las pruebas, brindando así un instrumento, que facilite la evaluación de la condición física. Con una muestra de 604 niños y adolescentes (9-12 años) con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) normal y ninguna condición que afecte su desempeño físico. Se evidencio una diferencia significativa, con mayor promedio en las mujeres, en las medidas de composición corporal (IMC, estatura, peso corporal y pliegues cutáneos). Así como promedios mayores en los hombres en las pruebas de salto de longitud a pies juntos, ida y vuelta 20m y agilidad/velocidad 4x10m. Igualmente, se presentaron mayores promedios en las pruebas de salto de longitud a pies juntos, agilidad/velocidad 4x10m y de presión manual conforme aumenta la edad, independientemente del sexo (AU)

Assessment of the periodontal health status and gingival recession during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The aim was to assess periodontal health maintenance and gingival recessions development in patients undergoing an orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (CA) and fixed appliances (FA). Material and methods: An electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed up to September 2022 to identify all potential articles. Two investigators independently selected the studies according to the inclusion criteria. Prospective and retrospective studies assessing the periodontal health status and gingival recession development during the orthodontic treatment with buccal FA and CA were included. Case series, cross-sectional studies, and studies with less than two months of follow-up were excluded. Two investigators independently extracted the data from included articles and assessed risk of bias across studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were performed. Pairwise meta-analysis using a random-effects model were used to compare periodontal indices between FA and CA treatment in different follow-up periods. Results: From the 129 potential studies, finally 12 studies were included. Only 8 could be included in the quantitative analysis. CA seems to slightly maintain better periodontal health indices. Only plaque index in a mid-term follow-up (mean difference (MD): -0.99; 95%; Confidence interval (CI) [-1.94 to -0.03]; P=.04; I2=99%), and pocket probing depth at a long-term follow-up (MD: -0.93mm; 95% CI [-1.16 to 0.7]; P<0.0001) reported statistically significant results favoring CA. Conclusions: Up to the date there is not enough evidence to conclude that CA maintains better periodontal health during an orthodontic treatment than FA. (AU)

Prevalencia de la COVID persistente: seguimiento al año de una cohorte poblacional ambulatoria / Chronic COVID prevalence: one-year follow-up of an outpatient population cohort

Antecedentes y objetivo: la evolución a largo plazo en pacientes con COVID-19 no es suficientemente conocida. El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia de la COVID persistente (estado post-COVID-19) a los 6 y 12 meses en una cohorte poblacional.Material y métodos: estudio observacional, ambispectivo, realizado en un centro de Atención Primaria, incluyendo pacientes de 18-65 años con COVID-19 diagnosticado entre julio y diciembre de 2020. Se hicieron entrevistas telefónicas a los 6 y 12 meses, analizando la persistencia de síntomas, estado de salud e inicio de psicofármacos.Resultados: de 143 pacientes, 116 completaron el seguimiento (edad media: 43,6 años, 59% hombres). El 95,7% tuvieron infección leve, siendo el síntoma más frecuente la fatiga (69,8%). El número de síntomas disminuyó tras 6 (p <0,001) y 12 meses (p <0,001), mejorando la percepción de salud (p <0,001) y disminuyendo el tratamiento con psicofármacos (p = 0,04). Tenían estado post-COVID-19 el 41,4% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 32,8-50,5) y el 8,6% (IC 95% 5,0-17,9) a los 6 y 12 meses, respectivamente. Conclusiones: casi todos los pacientes recuperaron su estado de salud a los 12 meses, con una prevalencia de estado post-COVID-19 inferior a la descrita.(AU)

Background and objective: long-term course in COVID-19 patients is not sufficiently known. The aim is to estimate the prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition at six and 12 months in a population cohort.Material and methods: observational, ambispective study, performed in a primary care centre, including patients aged 18-65 years with COVID-19 diagnosed between July-December 2020. Telephone interviews were conducted at six and 12 months, analyzing the persistence of symptoms, state of health and commencing psychotropic drugs.Results: of 143 patients, 116 completed follow-ups (mean age 43.6 years, 59% male). A total of 95.7% had mild infection, the most common symptom being fatigue (69.8%). The number of symptoms decreased after six (P<0.001) and 12 months (P<0.001), which improved the perception of health (P<0.001) and reducing treatment with psychoactive drugs (P=0.04). A total of 41.4% (95% CI 32.8-50.5) and 8.6% (95% CI 5.0-17.9) had post-COVID-19 condition at six and 12 months, respectively.Conclusions: almost all the patients recovered their health status at 12 months, with a prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition lower than that reported.(AU)

Propuesta de actualización del Health Assessment Questionnaire / Proposal for updating the Health Assessment Questionnaire

Objetivo: Proponer una modificación consensuada del Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) según los valores, idioma y cultura predominantes en la sociedad española actual. Métodos: En primer lugar, se realizó una revisión de alcance de la literatura y una encuesta a usuarios del HAQ para identificar las limitaciones de este cuestionario. En una segunda fase se celebró una reunión con profesionales expertos para discutir los resultados y diseñar propuestas de modificación. Resultados: La revisión de alcance permitió describir las principales versiones del HAQ, así como sus propiedades psicométricas. En la encuesta a usuarios del HAQ se valoraron el grado de comprensión, la utilidad, la actualidad y la universalidad de cada uno de los ítems y se admitieron sugerencias y opiniones sobre sus principales inconvenientes. Durante la reunión de discusión se propusieron modificaciones de los ítems en función de los resultados de la revisión de alcance y de la encuesta a usuarios. Además, se tuvieron en cuenta la dificultad de comprensión de los ítems, su dificultad para evaluar los movimientos previstos, el carácter redundante, su obsolescencia y el posible sesgo de género. Conclusiones: Se propone una actualización de la versión española del HAQ en base a la revisión de la literatura y a la opinión de expertos que pone de manifiesto el cambio de paradigma en los valores culturales y que pretende aumentar la validez de contenido y capacidad de discriminación de este cuestionario.(AU)

Objective: To propose a consensus modification of the HAQ according to the predominant values, language, and culture of the society. Methods: First, a scoping review of the literature and a survey of HAQ users were conducted to identify the problems of this questionnaire. In a second phase, a meeting was held with expert professionals to discuss the results and design proposals for modification. Results: The scoping review allowed us to describe the main versions of the HAQ, as well as their psychometric properties. The HAQ users survey assessed the degree of comprehension, usefulness, timeliness, and universality of each of the items, and suggestions and opinions on its main limitations were accepted. During the discussion meeting, modifications to the items were proposed based on the results of the scoping review and the users survey. In addition, the difficulty of understanding the items, their difficulty in assessing intended movements, redundancy, obsolescence, and possible gender bias were taken into account. Conclusions. An update of the Spanish version of the HAQ is proposed based on the literature review and expert opinion that highlights the paradigm shift in cultural values and aims to increase the content validity and discrimination capacity of this questionnaire.(AU)

Conducción de vehículos y estado de salud: el dificil equilibrio entre valoración de aptitudes, prevención del riesgo y calidad de vida. Un compromiso para los centros de reconocimiento de conductores / Driving and health: the difficult balance between fitness assesment, risk prevention and quality of life. A compromise for driver medical assessment centers

Las lesiones asociadas a siniestros viales son una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en nuestro país. Las causas sonvariadas e implican a la persona que conduce, al vehículo y a otros factores externos como las vías públicas y la legislación.Pero lo fundamental es que se pueden prevenir. Una herramienta de utilidad para ello es elProtocolo de exploración médico psicoló-gica para centros de reconocimiento de conductores, el cual ha sido actualizado por un grupo de trabajo coordinado por la DirecciónGeneral de Tráfico y la Dirección General de Salud Pública, con la participación de personas expertas de la Sociedad Española de Medi-cina del Tráfico y la colaboración de instituciones relacionadas con la evaluación del riesgo vial. En él se destaca no solo la valoracióndel riesgo vial asociado a las condiciones de salud sino también, y como novedad, la importancia del consejo sanitario para informary formar a la ciudadanía sobre cómo prevenir riesgos en función de su situación o condición de salud.Destaca la necesidad de que la intervención de los centros de reconocimiento de conductores se dirija hacia la prevención, siendonecesario acompañar la valoración psicofísica de un consejo sanitario vial que permita concienciar a la persona conductora acercadel beneficio para la salud vial de las medidas prescritas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue dar a conocer no solo el protocolo de explo-ración médico psicológica, sino el enfoque que se le da a la intervención preventiva de la siniestralidad vial desde el ámbito sanitario.(AU)

Injuries associated with road crashes are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our country. The causes are varied andinvolve the person driving, the vehicle and other external factors such as public roads and legislation.However most important injuries can be prevented. A useful tool for this purpose is thePsychological Medical Examination Protocolfor Drivers’ Health Assessment Centers, which has been updated by a working group coordinated by the General Directorate of Trafficand the General Directorate of Public Health with the participation of experts from the Spanish Society of Traffic Medicine and thecollaboration of institutions related to road risk assessment. The new version of the protocol highlights both the assessment ofroad risk associated with health conditions, and as a novelty, the importance of road safety professional’s advice to inform and traincitizens on how to prevent risks based on their health situation or health condition.It highlights the need for the Drivers’ Health Assessment Centers intervention to focus on prevention, being necessary to accompanypsychophysical assessment with road safety advice that allows the driver to be aware of the road safety benefits of the prescribedmeasures. The objective of this article was to make known not only the psychological medical examination protocol, but also theapproach that is given to the preventive intervention of road accidents from the health field.(AU)

Telemedicina en el manejo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: revisión sistemática / Telemedicine in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review

La telemedicina se define como el uso de la tecnología electrónica para la información y la comunicación de los profesionales de la salud con los pacientes, objetivando brindar y apoyar la atención médica a estos últimos fuera de las instituciones de salud. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura durante la última década (2013-2022) investiga el uso de la telemedicina en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Identificamos 53 publicaciones relacionadas con: (1) telemonitorización domiciliaria; (2) teleeducación y autocuidados; (3) telerehabilitación, y (4) salud móvil (mHealth). Los resultados mostraron que, aunque la evidencia aún es débil en muchos de estos dominios, los resultados son positivos en términos de mejora del estado de salud, uso de recursos de atención médica, viabilidad y satisfacción del paciente. Destacamos que no se identificaron problemas de seguridad. Por lo tanto, la telemedicina puede considerarse actualmente como un complemento potencial a la atención sanitaria habitual. (AU)

Telemedicine is defined as the use of electronic technology for information and communication by healthcare professionals with patients (or care givers) aiming at providing and supporting healthcare to patients away from healthcare institutions. This systematic review over the last decade (2013–2022) investigates the use of telemedicine in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We identified 53 publications related to: (1) home tele-monitorization; (2) tele-education and self-management; (3) telerehabilitation; and (4) mobile health (mHealth). Results showed that, although evidence is still weak in many of these domains, results are positive in terms of improvement of health-status, use of health-care resources, feasibility, and patient satisfaction. Importantly, no safety issues were identified. Thus, telemedicine can be considered today as a potential complement to usual healthcare. (AU)

The Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics Associated with Quality of Life Among Diabetic Patients in Lebanon: A Crosssectional Study

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable endocrine disease that has a considerable impact on both the health and quality of life (QoL) of patients. This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with the quality of life among the Lebanese population with DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study that enrolled 125 diabetic patients aged ≥18, was conducted between January and June of 2021. The validated Arabic version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) questionnaire is utilized by all patients to measure the quality of life (QoL). A logistic regression was then performed. Results: The life domains “freedom to eat” and “freedom to drink”, were the most negatively impacted by diabetes. According to the multivariate analysis monthly income OR 3.4, 95 % CIs 1.25 –9.6, P = 0.017, educational level (OR) 0.2, 95 % CIs 0.07 –0.89, HbA1c (OR) 7, 95 % CIs 1.5 –32.35, and FBG [odds ratio (OR) 1.01, 95 % (CIs) 1.004 -1.021, P = 0.005] were independently associated with impaired QOL. Conclusion: The study showed that diabetes generally had a negative impact on QoL. The findings also suggest that certain sociodemographic factors, such as monthly income and educational level along with clinical parameters like HbA1c, might be associated with a lower quality of life among Lebanese diabetic patients. (AU)