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1.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 32(2): 115-124, Jun 20, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222939

RESUMO

Everyone's health is highly important. Dealing with health issues is just as important as dealing with financial ones. Any country's economic survival is totally based on its own economic strategy. The primary purpose of research on the relationship between exercise and fitness, as well as its influence on economic survival, is to help us understand the value and importance of exercise and physical fitness in our lives. It is hard to refute the benefits of exercise and physical activity on one's health. The study of differences in physical fitness and activity between men and women. The independent factors in this study include exercise and physical fitness, while the dependent variable is economic survival. The data was analysed using AMOS 26v. Because there were three hypothesis statements in this research, the findings showed that the variables had a positive and significant link.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Economia , Atividade Motora , Estilo de Vida , Aptidão , Psicologia do Esporte
2.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 35(3): 310-318, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223462

RESUMO

Background: This study presents the adaptation and evidence of the validity of the Spanish version of the Support for Economic Inequality Scale (S-SEIS). This measure evaluates people’s tendency to have positive attitudes toward economic inequality. Method: Two correlational studies were conducted, one exploratory (N = 619) and one confirmatory (N = 562). Results: S-SEIS showed good reliability in both studies. The factorial analysis showed a one-factor structure in Study 1 that was confirmed in Study 2. We also found a relationship between S-SEIS and other extensively used measures of attitudes toward inequality, such as intolerance toward inequality. S-SEIS positively correlates with belief in a just world, social dominance orientation (SDO), economic system justification (ESJ), institutional trust, and perceived democracy; it correlates negatively with intolerance toward inequality, perceived inequality, perceived warmth/competence of people in poverty and support for redistribution. Conclusions: The current research findings suggest that S-SEIS is a valuable instrument for evaluating the support of economic inequality in Spanish samples.(AU)


Antecedentes: La versión Española de la Escala de Apoyo a la Desigualdad Económica (S-SEIS) evalúa la tendencia de las personas a tener actitudes positivas hacia la desigualdad económica. Método: Se realizaron dos estudios correlacionales, uno exploratorio (N = 619) y otro confirmatorio (N = 562). Resultados: S-SEIS mostró una buena fiabilidad en los dos estudios. El análisis factorial mostró una estructura unifactorial en el Estudio 1 que se confirmó en el Estudio 2. Igualmente encontramos una relación entre S-SEIS y otras medidas de actitudes hacia la desigualdad ampliamente utilizadas, como la intolerancia hacia la desigualdad. S-SEIS correlaciona positivamente con la creencia en un mundo justo, la orientación hacia la dominancia social (SDO), la justificación del sistema económico (ESJ), la confianza institucional y la democracia percibida; correlaciona negativamente con la intolerancia hacia la desigualdad, la desigualdad percibida, la sociabilidad/competencia percibida de las personas en situación de pobreza y el apoyo a la redistribución. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que la S-SEIS es una medida válida para evaluar el apoyo a la desigualdad económica en muestras españolas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Atitude , Economia , Status Econômico , Análise Fatorial , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
3.
Asclepio ; 74(2)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212898

RESUMO

L’articolo indaga la partecipazione degli studiosi italiani al First International Eugenics Congress, tenutosi a Londra, sotto la presidenza di Leonard Darwin (24-30 luglio 1912). L’analisi delle relazioni presentate dagli eugenisti italiani rivela le caratteristiche principali del movimento eugenico nazionale: un’impostazione interdisciplinare, che coinvolge antropologia, psichiatria, sociologia, demografia, economia e politica; il ruolo preminente riconosciuto alle condizioni sociali e ambientali; l’enfasi posta sulle riforme educative e igieniche. Allo stesso tempo, tuttavia, l’articolo mostra come alcuni importanti eugenisti italiani fossero in linea di principio favorevoli all’adozione di misure repressive, tra cui la sterilizzazione degli inadatti; la rifiutavano unicamente per ragioni pratiche, dal momento che era difficile sterilizzare interi gruppi umani e vincere la resistenza della popolazione e della Chiesa cattolica. Questo aspetto consente di sottolineare i limiti del concetto di eugenica latina applicato al caso italiano. Inoltre, l’articolo sostiene che il congresso ha costituito una svolta nella storia dell’eugenica italiana, fornendo una cornice istituzionale al movimento, incoraggiando la discussione di questioni relative al miglioramento umano nel dibattito scientifico e politico e segnando il passaggio da un’eugenica qualitativa a un’eugenica quantitativa.(AU)


The article investigates the participation of the Italian scholars in the First International Eugenics Congress held in London, under the presidency of Leonard Darwin (24-30 July 1912). The analysis of the papers presented by the Italian eugenicists reveals the main features of the national eugenics movement: an interdisciplinary approach, involving anthropology, psychiatry, sociology, demography, economics, and politics; the prominent role recognized to social and environmental conditions; the emphasis on educational and hygiene reforms. At the same time, however, the article shows how some relevant Italian eugenicists were in principle in favor of the adoption of repressive measures, such as the sterilization of the unfit. They rejected it only for practical reasons: it was difficult to sterilize entire human groups and overcome the resistance of the population and the Catholic Church. This aspect allows us to underline the limits of the concept of Latin eugenics applied to the Italian case. Furthermore, the article argues that the Congress represented a turning point in the history of Italian eugenics, providing an institutional framework to the movement, encouraging the discussion of issues related to human betterment in scientific and political debate, and marking the transition from a qualitative eugenics to a quantitative eugenics.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Eugenia (Ciência) , Antropologia , Psiquiatria , Sociologia , Demografia , Economia , Política , Grupos Raciais , Itália , Ciência/história , História da Medicina
5.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 30(2): 318-330, Ago 9, 2021. graf, ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213832

RESUMO

The regional development of the sports industry and its role in the economy could be potentially facilitated by more research into the sports – economy complex system (SECS). However, the existing studies on SECS overlook the differences between the subsystems, failing to systematically analyze the features of each individual subsystem or the complex system in different phases. Thus, the basic purpose of this research is to solve the major and urgent problems regarding the regional complex system in order to advance the research on SECS. Based on the theory of complex systems, this paper mainly studies the coordinated regional development between sports and economy and constructs a model for simulation and verification. Specifically, the authors examine the relationship between sports development and regional economic growth, modeling the coordination of SECS in the course of development, and setting up an evaluation index system (EIS) for the coordinated development of SECS. For this purpose, the experimental research design is used in this study as the research methodology. On this basis, the accelerated genetic algorithm (AGA) is introduced to evaluate the coordinated development of that system. The proposed model is proved valid through experiments.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Teoria de Sistemas , Esportes , Economia , 28574 , Estudos de Intervenção
7.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(2): 47-58, 16 ene., 2019. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177233

RESUMO

Introducción. La teoría prospectiva de Kahneman y Tversky se ha convertido en el modelo principal para el estudio de la toma de decisiones. Uno de sus pilares, el sesgo de aversión a las pérdidas (mayor sensibilidad a las pérdidas que a las ganancias), se ha evidenciado desde el punto de vista conductual. Objetivo. Analizar las evidencias aportadas desde la neuroeconomía y comprobar si son consistentes con la existencia de un mecanismo neural de aversión a las pérdidas. Pacientes y métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA de los estudios empíricos encontrados en PubMed y ScienceDirect, incluyendo un total de 18 estudios. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados señalan consistentemente la implicación en este sesgo de dos sistemas neurales opuestos: uno apetitivo, que involucra al estriado y a las regiones frontales, y uno aversivo, que involucra a la amígdala y a la ínsula, que interactúan entre ellos a la hora de tomar una decisión en diferentes apuestas monetarias y muestran una mayor sensibilidad hacia las pérdidas. Si bien todavía no está claro su funcionamiento, lo que sí parece evidente es que la consistente implicación de estas estructuras constituye un apoyo a la teoría prospectiva y al enfoque de racionalidad limitada


Introduction. Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory has become the main model for the study of decision-making. One of its cornerstones, the loss aversion bias (greater sensitivity to losses than to gains), has been demonstrated from the behavioural perspective. Aims. To analyse the evidence from neuroeconomics and check whether it is consistent with the existence of a neural mechanism of loss aversion. Patients and methods. A systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA guidelines, of the empirical studies found in PubMed and ScienceDirect, a total of 18 studies being included altogether. Results and conclusions. The results consistently point to the implication of two opposing neural systems in this bias: one appetitive, involving the striatum and the frontal regions, and one aversive, involving the amygdala and the insula, which interact with each other when it comes to making a decision about different monetary bets and display a higher sensitivity towards losses. Although their functioning is not yet clear, what does seem evident is that the consistent involvement of these structures lends support to prospect theory and the limited rationality approach


Assuntos
Humanos , Tomada de Decisões , Mapeamento Encefálico , Neurociências , Economia
8.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(1): 30-32, ene.-mar. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159045

RESUMO

La economía informal se debe diferenciar de conceptos tales como empleo informal y sector informal, cada uno con sus propias características. Existen varios tipos de trabajadores informales que se agrupan en varias categorías según su labor. Los familiares de estos trabajadores se agrupan dentro del empleo vulnerable, que no se benefician tampoco de coberturas sanitarias. El empleo informal condiciona una gran morbimortalidad que se traduce en pérdidas económicas y gran número de años de vida perdidos por discapacidad, especialmente entre poblaciones jóvenes y mujeres. Son necesarias políticas sanitarias encaminadas a disminuir las desigualdades socioeconómicas, mejorando la capacitación de profesionales sanitarios y la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios de estos trabajadores


Informal economy must be differentiated from concepts such as informal employment and the informal sector, each with its own characteristics. There are several types of informal workers that are grouped into several categories according to their work. The families of these workers are grouped into vulnerable job, which is also not beneficial for health coverage. Informal working conditions mean great morbidity resulting in economic losses and a large number of quality-adjusted life year, especially among young populations and women. Health policies are needed to reduce socio-economic inequalities, improve the training of health professionals and the accessibility of health services to these workers


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Ocupacional , Economia , 50207 , Doenças Profissionais/complicações , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Salários e Benefícios/economia , Saúde Pública/economia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Saúde Ocupacional/classificação , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Doenças Profissionais/classificação , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Salários e Benefícios/classificação , Saúde Pública/classificação , Atenção Primária à Saúde/economia
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 28(4): 407-413, nov. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-157797

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Economic crises have a negative effect on mental health. Little evidence has been published on the impact of economic downturns on male and female. The aim of the study was to analyze gender differences in specific mental disorders in primary care during the current economic recession in Spain. METHOD: A total of 7,914 patients in 2006 and 5,876 patients in 2010 were recruited to collect sociodemographic data and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2010 the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder increased 155.7% in men and 104.9% in women; Generalized Anxiety Disorder increased 98.3% in men and 71.3% in women; and Multisomatoform Disorder increased 100.05% in men and 37% in women. The effect of the Employment confounder was significant across all comparisons: Major Depressive Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio=2.557 for Men (p<.001), 2.046 for Women (p=.002); Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio= 2.153 (p<.001) for Men, 1.546 for Women (p<.001); and for Non-specific Multisomatoform Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio=1.680 for Men (p<.001) and 1.301 for women (p=.014). CONCLUSION: Overall prevalence of mental disorders increased significantly between 2006 and 2010, especially in males, who are more sensitive to the effect of the current economic recession than women


ANTECEDENTES: el impacto de las crisis económicas sobre la salud mental está bien documentado, pero hay poca evidencia sobre el efecto diferencial que pueda tener entre hombres y mujeres. El objetivo fue analizar las diferencias de género en la prevalencia de trastornos mentales en atención primaria durante la recesión económica en España. MÉTODO: 7.914 pacientes en 2006-2007 y 5.876 en 2010-2011 fueron encuestados para recoger datos sociodemográficos y completar la entrevista Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. RESULTADOS: entre 2006 y 2010 la prevalencia del Trastorno Depresivo Mayor incrementó 155,7% en hombres y un 104,9% en mujeres; el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada aumentó 98,3% en hombres y 71,3% en mujeres; el Trastorno Multisomatomorfo incrementó 100,05% en hombres y 37% en mujeres. El desempleo fue significativo en todos los análisis: Trastorno Depresivo Odds Ratio Generalizados= 2.557 en hombres (p<.001), 2.046 en mujeres (p= .002); Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada Odds Ratio Generalizados= 2.153 (p<.001) en hombres, 1.546 en mujeres (p<.001); Trastorno Multisomatoformo indiferenciado Odds Ratio Generalizados= 1.680 en hombres (p<.001) y 1.301 en mujeres (p= .014). CONCLUSIONES: la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales se incrementó entre 2006 y 2010 en ambos sexos, pero especialmente en hombres, quienes son más sensibles a los efectos de la crisis económica


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde de Gênero , Saúde Mental/normas , Saúde Mental/tendências , Economia/tendências , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Modelos Econômicos , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Razão de Chances , Desemprego/psicologia
10.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 25(supl.1): 33-36, 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154700

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio ha sido investigar de qué manera cada campeonato afecta la generación de ingresos de los clubes de fútbol. Se ha analizado el desempeño deportivo de 28 equipos brasileños durante cinco temporadas (2010-14) en los siguientes torneos: Campeonato Brasileiro, Copa do Brasil, Campeonatos Estaduais, Copa Libertadores y Copa Sudamericana. Se ha llevado a cabo una regresión lineal con dados en panel y efectos fijos. El éxito en la temporada anterior ha sido medido por variables retardadas. Como resultado, se evidencia que el modelo explica 65.1% de los ingresos totales. Además, se observa que la Liga de la temporada anterior, la Copa y la Libertadores actuales son los únicos torneos que afectan estadísticamente la generación de ingresos. Se concluye que la importancia y el formato de los torneos influyen de manera distinta en la recaudación de los clubes de fútbol en Brasil


The aim of this paper was research how each kind of tournament affects the revenues generation in football clubs. We have analysed the sports performance of 28 Brazilian football clubs during five seasons (2010-14). We have studied the five most important tournaments there: Brazilian League, Brazilian Cup, State Championships, Libertadores Cup and South American Cup. We have carried out a linear regression in a panel data with football clubs fixed effects. The lagged variables of each tournament were employed to examine if the previous sports performance could improve the next revenues. The model explains 65.1% of the total revenues. In addition, the lagged performance in a League and the current performance in a Cup and Libertadores were the tournaments that statistically affect the revenues generation. We conclude that the importance and the competitive format have different impacts in the revenues generation on Brazilian football clubs


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Esportes/economia , Futebol/economia , Futebol/normas , Economia/estatística & dados numéricos , Economia/tendências , Brasil/epidemiologia , Planejamento Socioeconômico/métodos , Planejamento Socioeconômico/políticas , Planejamento Socioeconômico/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 25(supl.1): 51-54, 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154704

RESUMO

El aumento de la práctica deportiva en la sociedad Española ha impulsado el crecimiento del volumen de negocio y número empresas de gestión de instalaciones deportivas. El citado crecimiento, se juzga claramente a partir del análisis de los ratios económicos financieros como es la rentabilidad económica media, y estos se ven en mayor o menor medida afectados por un entorno cambiante de crisis económica, según el tamaño de la organización. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el análisis el efecto en evolución de rentabilidad económica media, de las Organizaciones de Gestión de Instalaciones Deportivas Españolas antes y después de la crisis según su tamaño (micro, pequeña, mediana y grande). Para el análisis del presente estudio, se obtuvo la información contable y financiera de la bases de datos SABI de 1.670 empresas, registradas en el CNAE bajo el código 9311 entre los años 2004-2012, de las que se seleccionó una muestra de 319. Según los hallazgos, podemos afirmar que la crisis económica ha afectado a la rentabilidad económica de Organizaciones de Gestión de Instalaciones Deportivas Españolas de forma diferente según tamaño de las mismas, se constata que las organizaciones medianas son las mas eficientes en el uso de sus recursos económicos o en la obtención de beneficios de sus activos, en términos de valores medios de rentabilidad económica. Sin embargo, que las grandes, pequeñas y microempresas OGIDE, muestran valores medios de rentabilidad económica inferiores a los obtenidos anteriormente a la crisis económicas de 2008


Increasing the sport in the Spanish society has fueled the growth of turnover and number management companies sports facilities. Said growth is clearly judged from the economic analysis of financial ratios such as average profitability, and these are to a greater or lesser extent affected by a changing environment of economic crisis, according to the size of the organization. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect on evolution of average economic profitability of Management Organizations Sports Spanish before and after the crisis by size (micro, small, medium and large). For the analysis of this study, the accounting and financial information from the SABI data base of 1,670 companies registered under code 9311 NCEA between 2004-2012, of which a sample of 319 was selected was obtained According the findings, we can say that the economic crisis has affected the profitability of Management organizations Spanish sports differently depending on their size, it is found that midsize organizations are the most efficient in the use of their economic resources or in the profit of its assets, in terms of average values of economic profitability. However, that large, small and micro OGIDE show average values of lower economic returns to those obtained prior to the economic crisis of 2008


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Centros de Convivência e Lazer , Economia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , 50334/análise , 50334/economia , Esportes/economia , Empresas e Organizações de Serviço , Condições Sociais/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Análise de Dados/métodos , Análise de Dados/estatística & dados numéricos
12.
Asclepio ; 67(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-146907

RESUMO

En general, la obra del ex jesuita chileno Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829) no ha sido estudiada con profundidad a la luz de la historia de la geología. Este artículo reconstruye el origen y la morfología de parte de las ideas que el naturalista chileno elaboró sobre la estructura interna de la Tierra. Se verá cómo las ideas geológicas desarrolladas por Molina fueron más allá de la simple reflexión científica. El desarrollo de una disciplina particular y novedosa como la economía política, también influyó en el tipo de reflexiones que Juan Ignacio Molina desarrolló sobre la organización interior de la Tierra, los procesos geológicos y las descripciones sobre la naturaleza del Reino de Chile a fines del siglo XVIII (AU)


In general, the work of the Chilean ex Jesuit Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829) has not been studied under the light of history of geology. This article attempts to reconstruct the origin and morphology of the ideas in which the Chilean naturalist developed about the internal structure of the Earth. We will see how the geological ideas elaborated by Molina went beyond the scientific reflection. The development of a particular discipline as political economy during the eighteenth century also influenced Juan Ignacio Molina ́s thoughts about the internal organization of the Earth, geological processes and the descriptions of the nature of Chilean kingdom in the late eighteenth century (AU)


Assuntos
Geologia/história , Ciências da Terra/história , Chile , Características do Solo/história , Economia/história
15.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(1): 16-23, ene. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131466

RESUMO

Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) es un problema de salud pública mundial que continúa teniendo una morbimortalidad elevada, principalmente en los países con más desigualdades económicas. Se ha observado que la pobreza, la desnutrición, la infección por VIH, la resistencia a medicamentos, la diabetes y las adicciones, principalmente el alcoholismo, son factores que han contribuido a producir la persistencia de a TB como problema de salud pública importante en México. Métodos: Se obtuvieron los registros de mortalidad asociada a la tuberculosis pulmonar (TBP) correspondientes al periodo 2000-2009 a partir del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Secretaría de Salud. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad nacionales, por estados y por regiones socioeconómicas. Se determinó la fuerza de asociación de los estados en los que residían los individuos, las regiones socioeconómicas y el nivel de estudios con la mortalidad por TBP. Resultados: Las tasas de mortalidad debida a TBP por 100.000 habitantes ajustadas por edad disminuyeron de 4,1 a 2 entre 2000 y 2009. Los varones (67,7%) presentaron una mortalidad superior a la de las mujeres (32,3%). En los individuos que no habían completado los estudios primarios el riesgo de muerte por TBP fue superior (RR 1,08 [IC 95%: 1,05-1,12]). Las regiones socioeconómicas y las entidades con mayor fuerza de asociación fueron la región 1, 5, Chiapas y Baja California. En 2007 la región 1 presentó un RR de 7,34 (IC 95%: 5,32-10,13), y en 2009 la región 5 presentó un RR de 10,08 (IC 95%: 6,83-14,88).Conclusiones: En México hubo una disminución de la tasa de mortalidad anual por TBP. Los varones presentaron una mortalidad superior a la de las mujeres. Los individuos que no habían completado los estudios primarios presentaron un riesgo superior de muerte por TBP. Los estados y regiones de México que presentaron una mayor fuerza de asociación con la mortalidad por TBP fueron los de Chiapas y Baja California, regiones 1 y 5


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a world public health problem that still has a high morbidity and mortality rate mainly in countries with significant wealth gaps. Poverty, malnutrition, HIV infection, drug resistance, diabetes and addictions (mainly alcoholism) have been seen to contribute to the persistence of TB as an important health problem in Mexico. Methods: Death certificates associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) for 2000-2009 were obtained from the National Information System of the Secretariat of Health. Rates of mortality nationwide, by state, and by socioeconomic region were calculated. The strength of association between states where individuals resided, socioeconomic regions, and education with mortality from PTB was determined. Results: Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants who died from PTB decreased from 4.1 to 2 between 2000 and 2009. Men (67.7%) presented higher mortality than women (32.3%). Individuals failing to complete elementary education presented a higher risk of dying from PTB (RR 1.08 [95% CI: 1.05-1.12]). The socioeconomic region and the entities with the strongest association were region 1, 5, Chiapas and Baja California. Region 1 in 2007 presented RR 7.34 (95% CI: 5.32-10.13), and region 5 in 2009 had RR 10.08 (95% CI: 6.83-14.88). Conclusions: In Mexico, the annual mortality rate from PTB decreased. Men presented higher mortality than women. Individuals failing to complete elementary education showed a higher risk of dying fromPTB. The states and regions of Mexico that presented a stronger association with mortality from PTB were Chiapas and Baja California, region 1 and 5


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tuberculose Pulmonar/classificação , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/metabolismo , Tuberculose Pulmonar/mortalidade , México/etnologia , Economia/tendências
16.
Asclepio ; 66(2): 0-0, jul.-dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130300

RESUMO

El presente artículo recurre a la nomenclatura alternativa de ‘neuroliberalismo’ para explicitar cómo el discurso hegemónico del mercado elabora una ‘fantasía ideológica’ que, apoyada en lo que denominamos ética gladiatoria, resignifica los conceptos clásicos del liberalismo. En la primera parte, nos centraremos en la descripción del neuroliberalismo como una teoría de selección social. En la segunda parte, buscamos explicitar su operatividad como aparato de adoctrinamiento aplicado sobre individuos vulnerables a unas condiciones de posibilidad que se escapan a su control. Así, la globalización neoliberal se perpetúa alborozadamente consentida por individuos reprimidos por una satisfacción preadaptada al paradigma de la lucha por la existencia (AU)


This article resorts to the alternative nomenclature of ‘neuroliberalism’ to explicitly state how the hegemonical discourse of market produces an ideological fantasy which, supported by a ‘gladiatorial ethics’, redefines classical concepts of liberalism. In the first part, we shall focus on the description of neuroliberalism as theory of social selection. In the second part, we aim to specify its operativity as apparatuses of indoctrination applies to individuals vulnerable to possibility conditions beyond their control. Thus, the neoliberal globalization is cheerfully applied through the consent of individuals who are repressed by a pre-adapted satisfaction to the paradigm of the struggle for existence (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Liberdade , 51708/história , Pobreza/história , Pobreza/prevenção & controle , Pobreza/tendências , Filosofia/história , Filosofia Médica/história , Carência Cultural , Economia/tendências
20.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 87(4): 419-425, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-115124

RESUMO

Fundamentos: La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo un problema importante de salud pública a nivel mundial. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar el impacto económico y asistencial de la introducción de Xpert MTB/RIF® (Xpert), técnica de diagnóstico rápido de TB. Métodos: Se estimó el ahorro en base a la reducción del tiempo de ingreso por TB al evitar los falsos negativos (FN) y falsos positivos (FP) de la baciloscopia que se habrían detectado por Xpert en el periodo 2008-2012. El análisis y cálculo de gastos se hizo sumando el coste de los FN (estancias más pruebas especiales y aislamiento respiratorio) y los FP (tratamiento antituberculoso, consultas sucesivas, analíticas y controles microbiológicos). Resultados: Durante los 5 años de estudio se detectaron 19 FP y 22 FN. Xpert habría detectado los 19 FP y 15 FN. El gasto mínimo estimado para los FP fue de 3.217 euros (tratamiento, consultas sucesivas, analíticas y controles microbiológicos), mientras que cada FN supuso una prolongación de una estancia media de 7 días (59.012 euros), traducidos ambos en un coste total de 62.229 euros. Con una inversión inicial de 16.250 euros (50 casos con elevada sospecha de TB a 65 euros/prueba) el hospital habría ahorrado un global de 45.979 euros en 5 años. Conclusión: La introducción de Xpert supondría un ahorro económico para el hospital y una mejora en la calidad asistencial, evitando estancias y tratamientos innecesarios(AU)


Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide. Our objective was to estimate the economic and health care impact of the introduction of an early diagnosis tecnique of TB, the Xpert MTB/RIF® assay (Xpert). Methods: The savings was estimated on the basis of reduction in the time of TB hospitalization at avoid the false-negative (FN) and false-positive (FP) TB cases diagnosed by auramine staining that could have been detected by Xpert between 2008-2012 in our hospital. The costs analysis was made by adding the cost arising from FN (hospitalization, special tests and equipment for respiratory isolation) and FP (TB treatment, successive medical consultations, analytical and microbiological controls). Results: We detected 19 FP and 22 FN during the 5-year study. Xpert would have detected 19 FP and 15 FN. It was estimated a minimum cost of 3217 euros per FP (treatment, successive medical consultations, analytical and microbiological controls), while each FN has required an extension of hospitalization from 7 days on average (62229 euros), both translated into a global cost of 62229 euros. After an initial investment of 16250 euros (50 cases with high suspicion of TB at 65 euros/test), the hospital would have saved 45979 euros overall in five years. Conclusions: The introduction of Xpert would improve the quality of health care of patients, avoiding both unnecessary hospitalizations and treatments. Also, Xpert carries a saving for our hospital(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Mycobacterium/complicações , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/economia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Diagnóstico Precoce , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/estatística & dados numéricos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Economia/estatística & dados numéricos , Economia Hospitalar/tendências , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/tendências , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise Custo-Benefício/organização & administração , Análise Custo-Benefício
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