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2.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 50(1): [e102090], ene.- feb. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229436

RESUMO

Objetivos Analizar el riesgo de COVID-19 con relación a la morbilidad previa, así como el riesgo de nuevos eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) en pacientes COVID-19 y la supervivencia a un año. Metodología Estudio casos-control y estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Se incluyeron 275 pacientes aleatorizados >18 años diagnosticados de COVID-19 y se aparearon con 825 COVID-19 negativos por edad y sexo (proporción 1:3). Las variables principales fueron diagnóstico de COVID-19 y eventos post-COVID-19. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidad y ECV previo. Se realizaron sendos modelos predictivos de factores asociados al desarrollo de COVID-19 y de ECV post-COVID-19, así como un análisis de supervivencia a un año. Resultados Los varones con ECV previo duplican el riesgo de padecer COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 2,11; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 1,32–3,36). En las mujeres el riesgo aumenta con la edad (OR 1,01; IC 95% 1,00–1,02), la diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR 1,90; IC 95% 1,14–3,17) y el deterioro cognitivo (OR 4,88; IC 95% 2,50–9,53). La inmunosupresión actúa como factor protector en ambos sexos. La edad (OR 1,02; IC 95% 1,00–1,04), hipertensión arterial (HTA) (OR 2,21; IC 95% 1,17–4,17), la infección COVID-19 (OR 4,81; IC 95% 2,89–7,98) y el ECV previo (OR 4,46; IC 95% 2,56–7,75) predicen el desarrollo de un nuevo ECV post-COVID-19. Los pacientes COVID-19 positivos tienen menor supervivencia (mediana de siete vs. 184 días). Conclusiones El ECV previo en varones y la DM junto al deterioro cognitivo en mujeres aumentan el riesgo de presentar COVID-19. La edad, HTA, ECV previo y la infección COVID-19 predicen la aparición de un ECV (AU)


Aim To analyze the risk of COVID-19 in relation to previous morbidity; to analyze the risk of new cardiovascular events (CVE) in COVID-19 patients and one-year survival. Methodology Case–control study and prospective cohort study. Two hundred and seventy-five randomized patients >18 years old with COVID-19 were included and matched with 825 without COVID-19 by age and sex (ratio 1:3). The main variables were diagnosis of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 events. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidity, and previous CVD were studied. Two predictive models of factors associated with the development of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 CVE were performed, as well as a one-year survival analysis. Results Men with a previous CVE double the risk of suffering from COVID-19 (OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.32–3.36). In women, the risk increases with age (OR 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.02), diabetes (DM) (OR 1.90; 95% CI: 1.14–3.17) and cognitive impairment (OR 4.88; 95% CI: 2.50–9.53). Immunosuppression acts as a protective factor in both sexes. Age (OR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.04), arterial hypertension (OR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.17–4.17), COVID-19 infection (OR 4.81; 95% CI: 2.89–7.98) and previous CVE (OR 4.46; 95% CI: 2.56–7.75) predict the development of a new post-COVID-19 CVE. Positive COVID-19 has lower survival (median 7 days vs. 184 days). Conclusions Previous CVE in men and DM along with cognitive impairment in women increase the risk of presenting COVID-19. Age, arterial hypertension, previous CVE, and COVID-19 infection predict the appearance of new CVE (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Incidência , Comorbidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 17(1): 13-23, Feb. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230605

RESUMO

Objetivo: el objetivo de esta revisión es estudiar el efecto que los determinantes sociales de la salud tienen sobre la prevalencia y pronóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Métodos: se ha hecho una revisión exploratoria (scoping review) de los artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023, y una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed. Se encontraron 31 artículos que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: niveles educativos precarios, así como bajos ingresos económicos se relacionan con un aumento en el riesgo de EPOC, con incrementos del 44,9% y el 22,9% de los casos respectivamente. La dedicación a ciertos oficios, como la agricultura o los servicios de restauración, también aumenta la prevalencia de esta enfermedad y su impacto sobre la mortalidad. La soltería o viudez, el desempleo y vivir en áreas rurales con alta contaminación atmosférica son factores que se asocian a más hospitalizaciones, síntomas graves, menor productividad y mayor mortalidad. Las desigualdades sociales afectan el acceso a la atención médica y la adherencia al tratamiento. La EPOC es más común en hombres y en personas mayores, aunque algunos estudios muestran mayor riesgo en mujeres debido a su dedicación a las tareas domésticas y su exposición a sustancias contaminantes. Conclusiones: determinantes sociales de la salud como el bajo nivel socioeconómico, la ocupación laboral, la contaminación doméstica o ambiental, el estado civil, lugar de residencia o dificultad de acceso al sistema sanitario actúan como factores de riesgo de la EPOC e influyen desfavorablemente sobre ella.(AU)


Aim: the objective of this review is to study the impact of social determinants of health on the prevalence and prognosis of COPD.Methods: an exploratory scoping review of papers published between 2013 and 2023 was performed. A bibliographic search was conducted on pubmed, yielding 31 papers that met the inclusion criteria.Results: low educational levels and low incomes are linked to an increased risk of COPD with increments of 44.9% and 22.9% of cases respectively. Involvement in certain occupations such as agriculture or food services also increases the prevalence of the disease and its impact on mortality. Being single or widowhood, unemployment, and living in rural areas with high air pollution are associated with more hospitalizations, severe symptoms, reduced productivity and higher mortality. Social inequalities impact access to medical care and treatment adherence. COPD is more common in men and the elderly, although some studies reveal a higher risk in women due to household chores and exposure to pollutants.Conclusions: social determinants of health such as low socio-economic status, occupational status, household or environmental pollution, marital status, place of residence or difficulty accessing the healthcare system act as risk factors for COPD and have an unfavourable impact on this.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/mortalidade
4.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 24(94): 91-106, jan. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230945

RESUMO

The aim of research is determined that impact of urbanization on the physical activity related to the Brazilian youth. Brazil's population's surroundings and way of life have seen tremendous changes as a result of urbanisation, with young people's habits of physical activity being most affected. An overview of the main effects of urbanisation on young Brazilians' physical activity is given in this research. The built environment has changed due to rapid urbanisation, which has an impact on the availability of areas that are good for physical exercise. For measuring the research used SPSS software and generate informative result included correlation coefficient, model summary, regression analysis, also that chi square analysis between them. A more sedentary lifestyle is a result of shifting social and cultural standards, as well as an increased reliance on motorised transportation. Socioeconomic differences exacerbate health-related issues by affecting resources for physical exercise. Comprehensive approaches that include community involvement, public health programmes, and urban planning are required to solvethese issues. Urbanisation can have a negative impact on Brazilian youth physical activity levels, but it can be lessened by prioritising the establishment of safe and accessible areas, encouraging active transportation, and putting inclusive policies into place. A comprehensive strategy is essential for the youth of Brazil's changing urban context to have a healthy and active future (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Exercício Físico , Urbanização , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia
5.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 24(94): 198-221, jan. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230952

RESUMO

The attention of the whole globe has been focused on major sporting occasions such as the Olympic Games, the FIFA globe Cup, and the Super Bowl. Sporting events have the potential to significant social and economic repercussions on host towns and countries. This study intends to examine the cultural, economic, and infrastructural variables that contribute to the varying impacts of large sports events on different countries. Our study takes a comparative approach, looking at how different host cities and countries have fared throughout the years. In this article, we explore the social, economic, and cultural effects of hosting major sports competitions and the differing degrees to impact various communities. In this study, we examine the beneficial effects of athletic mega-events by attributing them with characteristics like the ability to stimulate economic development, catalyze urban regeneration, inspire social change, and build destination brands, among others. Negative effect studies claim that sports mega-events can cause things like human rights violations, pollution, unbridled nationalism, corporate exploitation, and bribery of government officials.In the context of large-scale events, such as the Olympics or the World Cup of Football. Some of the biggest sporting events, like the Alpine and Biathlon World Championships have been able to go under the radar in the face of their more popular Mega counterparts.Chi-Square test is used to evaluate the performance of participants in mega sports events. Conclusions from this study show that the societal and economic effects of large-scale sporting events are intricate and situational. Ultimately, this study helps us better understand how big sporting events transform the socioeconomic landscape of host communities, which in turn improves our ability to plan and execute policies for future events (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transculturação , Características Culturais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Esportes
6.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 116(1): 7-13, 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229475

RESUMO

Background: adequate bowel preparation is related to the quality of colonoscopy. Dried lemon slices can increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, which has shown potential as an adjuvant of bowel preparation. We hypothesized that the combination of dried lemon slices and polyethylene glycol (PEG) could improve the efficacy of bowel preparation and be more acceptable to participants. Aim: to investigate the effectiveness of lemon slices combined with PEG for colonoscopy preparation. Methods: a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled trial was performed of 521 patients randomly assigned to two groups. A total of 254 patients were given lemon slices based on conventional 4-L PEG treatment for the bowel, while 267 patients received only 4-L PEG treatment. Patients’ basic information, procedure-related parameters, adverse effects, and subjective feelings were collected by questionnaires. Intestinal tract cleanliness was scored according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) by experienced endoscopists. Data were analyzed by the two-sample t-test or the Chi-squared test. Results: the BBPS scores were significantly higher in the PEG + lemon slice group (p < 0.05). The taste acceptability, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat bowel preparation were significantly higher in the PEG+ lemon slice group (p < 0.05). However, a larger proportion of patients from the PEG+ lemon slice group (30.7 %) suffered abdominal distension compared with the PEG group (20.6 %), while the incidence of other adverse effects was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: the addition of dried lemon slices to conventional PEG showed its superiority for bowel preparation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colonoscopia/métodos , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Tensoativos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 38: [102318], 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231282

RESUMO

Objetivo: Cuantificar la pobreza energética en población gitana y población general de España, en 2016, y observar la asociación de este fenómeno con la salud autopercibida, ajustando por los principales determinantes socioeconómicos. Método: La pobreza energética fue definida como la incapacidad económica para mantener el calor dentro del hogar, la presencia de humedad en la vivienda y tener retrasos en el pago de facturas de suministros, con datos de dos encuestas europeas para España en 2016: la Encuesta sobre Ingresos y Condiciones de Vida (EU-SILC) y la Segunda Encuesta sobre Minorías y Discriminación (EU-MIDIS II). Se calcularon modelos de regresión logística jerárquica con la salud autopercibida como variable resultado, ajustando progresivamente por variables demográficas (género y edad), ambientales (temperatura del hogar, humedad y retrasos en las facturas) y socioeconómicas (nivel educativo, estado civil y situación ocupacional). Resultados: El 45% de la población gitana mostró niveles moderados o altos de pobreza energética. La odds ratio (OR) de mala salud autopercibida era mayor en la población gitana (OR: 3,11; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2,59-3,74). No poder mantener una temperatura adecuada en el interior del hogar incrementó considerablemente el riesgo de mala salud (OR: 2,10; IC95%: 1,90-2,32). Tras ajustar por variables demográficas, ambientales y socioeconómicas, no observamos asociación entre población de adscripción y salud autopercibida. Conclusiones: Considerando los principales determinantes sociales, indicadores de pobreza energética incluidos, ser una persona gitana no se asocia con declarar mala salud. Este resultado señala la relevancia de abordar los factores socioeconómicos, la pobreza energética entre ellos, para reducir las desigualdades en salud.(AU)


Objective: To quantify energy poverty in Roma population and in general population in Spain, in 2016, as well as to observe the association of this phenomenon with self-rated health, adjusted according to the main socio-economic determinants. Method: Energy poverty has been defined as the financial inability to keep a home warm, the presence of dampness in the dwelling and falling into arrears in utility bills, using data from two European surveys from Spain in 2016: the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Second Survey on Minorities and Discrimination (EU-MIDIS II). Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated with self-rated health as the outcome variable, progressively adjusted according to demographic (gender and age), environmental (household temperature, humidity and arrears in utility bills) and socio-economic (level of education, marital status and employment status) variables. Results: Our results show that 45% of the Roma population had moderate or high levels of energy poverty. The odds ratio (OR) of poor self-rated health was higher in the Roma population (OR: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.59–3.74). The inability to maintain an adequate indoor temperature significantly increased the risk of poor health (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.90–2.32). After adjusting according to demographic, environmental and socio-economic variables, no association was observed between the population of ascription and self-rated health. Conclusions: Taking into account the main social determinants, including energy poverty indicators, being Roma is not associated with reporting poor health. This result points to the importance of tackling socio-economic factors, including energy poverty, to reduce health inequalities.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Roma (Grupo Étnico) , Calefação/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Espanha , Pobreza , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(6): 1144-1151, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228500

RESUMO

Introducción: a pesar de la alta prevalencia de la obesidad infantil (OI) globalmente, no existen índices compuestos para estimar los aspectos territoriales asociados al riesgo de OI. Objetivo: elaborar un índice de riesgo de OI (IROBIC) para unidades administrativas pequeñas (comunas) de Chile Métodos: se utilizaron datos de 2019 de fuentes públicas con información de menores de 10 años de todas las comunas de las 2 regiones más grandes. El IROBIC incluye 16 indicadores estandarizados por comuna y agrupados en cuatro dimensiones, determinadas por análisis de componentes principales (salud, socio económica, entornos comunal y educacional). Se determinó el IROBIC mediante una media geométrica ponderada y posteriormente se calcularon las diferencias entre las 10 y 5 comunas con mayores y menores IROBIC y de cada dimensión, con el coeficiente de disparidad Resultados: aun cuando los mayores IROBIC se obtuvieran en comunas más vulnerables, su valor total y el de cada dimensión, mostraron que es posible amortiguar los efectos de la desigualdad sobre la OI. Las 10 y 5 comunas con mayor IROBIC presentan un riesgo, 2,41 y 4,05 veces mayor que las de menor valor, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el IROBIC puede monitorear el riesgo de OI —y factores asociados— desde una perspectiva territorial. (AU)


Introduction: although the prevalence of childhood obesity (CO) is high globally, there are no composite indices to estimate territorial aspects associated with its risk Objective: to develop an obesity risk index (IROBIC) for small administrative units, called “comunas” in Chile Methods: we used 2019 data from public sources on children under 10 years living in “comunas” of the two largest regions. IROBIC includes 16 indicators standardized for each “comuna” and grouped together into four domains, determined by principal component analysis (health, socio-economic, built-in and educational environments). IROBIC was calculated as a weighted geometric mean. Differences in obesity risk between the 10 and 5 “comunas” with the highest and lowest IROBIC and of each domain, were calculated with the disparity ratio. Results: in spite of the poorest “comunas” having the highest IROBIC, when its value and that for each domain were considered, we observed that the effect of inequality could be mitigated. The 10 and 5 “comunas” with the highest IROBIC have a 2.41 and 4.05 higher risk of CO compared to those with the lowest values Conclusions: IROBIC is a useful tool for monitoring the risk of CO and its factors from a territorial perspective. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Obesidade Pediátrica , Cidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicador de Risco , Chile , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Risco
10.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 21(4)oct.- dec. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229991

RESUMO

Adherence is the extent to which the patient takes the medication as determined by the health care provider. The success of a patient's therapy is strongly influenced by adherence to the use of the drug. Low adherence to therapy is a particular problem in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which cause damage to the heart over time, vasculature, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. The pill count method was used by calculating the rest of the drug from the patient to assess the patient's level of adherence. Objective: Adherence assessments are carried out through the Home Medication Review program. This study aimed to determine the differences in therapy adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the pill count method. Method: This type of research is experimental with pretest-posttest control group design research. This method is selected because the calculation of the rest of the drug is carried out before and after the intervention is given. Sampling in this study uses the total sampling method. The data was taken from Chronic Disease Management Program patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at the Lubuk Kilangan Padang Health Center for January-March 2022. There are two groups of patients: patients with and without pillboxes. The data analysis used in this study is the Mann-Whitney Test. Result: The results showed a difference in the level of therapeutic adherence between the pillbox group and those who did not use the pillbox, with a value of p = 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion:It can be concluded that the level of adherence is higher in patients who use pillboxes than in those who do not (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Indonésia
11.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202311082, Nov. 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228339

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Existen cada vez mayores indicios del deterioro en la salud mental de la población, especialmente en mujeres y adolescentes. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las desigualdades de género en el consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnosedantes (AHS) por parte de adolescentes en España en 2021, además de su tendencia temporal, aplicando un análisis interseccional. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de tendencia temporal partiendo de la encuesta de ámbito estatal ESTUDES (n=22.321), con una muestra de estudiantes de catorce a dieciocho años. Se calcularon prevalencias, razones de prevalencia (RP) y términos de interacción del consumo alguna vez en la vida y en el último año, a partir de modelos de Poisson de varianza robusta (según sexo, edad, lugar de origen y nivel educativo de los progenitores). Asimismo, se realizó un análisis temporal del consumo (2010-2021). Resultados: Las chicas presentaron mayores consumos en todas las categorías de las variables estudiadas, junto con una mayor probabilidad de uso (RP vital=1,56 [1,47-1,64] y RP anual=1,81 [1,69-1,94]). El consumo aumentó con la edad, de manera más pronunciada en los chicos (dieciocho años: RP vital=1,93 [1,62-2,28]). No existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según el lugar de origen. El descenso del nivel educativo de los progenitores aumentó significativamente el consumo en las hijas, con mayor impacto de los estudios maternos. La tendencia de consumo fue creciente, siendo superior en chicas durante toda la serie. Conclusiones: El género o el nivel educativo de los progenitores determina de manera desigual el consumo de AHS entre los/las adolescentes en España. Es necesario ahondar en los determinantes sociales de la salud, dando lugar a intervenciones más efectivas en salud pública.(AU)


Background: There is increasing evidence of deterioration in the mental health of the population, especially among women and adolescents. We aimed to analyze gender inequalities in the consumption of anxiolytics and hypnosedatives (AHS) among adolescents in Spain in 2021 and its time trend, from an intersectional approach. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of time trends based on the ESTUDES national survey (n=22,321), comprising students between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. We calculated prevalences, prevalence ratios (PR) and interaction terms for consumption (both ever and in the last year), based on robust variance Poisson models, by sex, age, place of origin and parents’ educational level. We also examine trends in consumption between 2010 and 2021. Results: Female students showed higher consumption in all categories of the studied variables, together with a higher probability of use (PRvital=1.56 [1.47-1.64] and PRannual=1.81 [1.69-1.94]). Likewise, consumption increased with age, more pronounced in the case of male students (18 years old: PRvital=1,93 1,62-2,28]). Place of origin showed no statistically significant differences in AHS consumption. Lower educational level of parents predicted higher consumption among daughters, with mothers´ educational level showing a stronger association. Consumption increased over the 11-year period, and was consistently higher among women. Conclusions: We observe inequalities by gender and parents’ educational level in AHS use among adolescents in Spain. It iscritical to apply the model of the social determinants of health, which will lead to effective interventions in public health.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Ansiolíticos/efeitos adversos , Saúde Mental , 57444 , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Estudos Transversais , Saúde Pública , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(7): [e102025], oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226083

RESUMO

Objetivo Identificar el estado de sedentarismo durante el embarazo y los factores asociados a este comportamiento, los posibles factores, su situación de salud y del recién nacido. Material y métodos Este estudio observacional transversal de 2 fases se desarrolló en el Hospital Universitario y Politécnico de La Fe, y participaron 228 mujeres embarazadas. Las características sociodemográficas maternas se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario estructurado e información de salud de la historia clínica electrónica, así como los resultados perinatales del recién nacido. Para evaluar el sedentarismo se valoró el ejercicio en el tiempo libre y el ejercicio en horario laboral, categorizándolos en función de la intensidad (sedentarismo, actividad leve, actividad moderada e intenso). Resultados En total, la prevalencia de sedentarismo fue del 31,14%. El perfil de este grupo tiene menor nivel educativo y desempleo (p<0,05), presentando una mayor prevalencia de problemas durante el parto, que requirió cesárea, así como problemas posparto en el recién nacido (p<0,05). Conclusiones La inactividad física es altamente prevalente entre las mujeres embarazadas. Debido a los beneficios (o no daños) atribuidos al ejercicio durante el embarazo. Se deben realizar mayores esfuerzos para superar las barreras para promover actividades entre las mujeres embarazadas que son más jóvenes, menos educadas y desempleadas, y aquellas con varios hijos y menores ingresos tienen menos probabilidades de participar en una cantidad adecuada de actividad física, conscientes de la importancia de hacerlo, resolviendo dudas y disipando temores que puedan surgir por una mala comprensión del mecanismo de su beneficio (AU)


Objective Identify the state of sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy and the factors associated with this behavior, the possible factors of your health situation and that of the newborn. Material and methods This two-phase, cross-sectional observational study was developed at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital and 228 pregnant women participated. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics were obtained using structured questionnaire and health information from the electronic medical records, as well as perinatal results of the newborn. To assess sedentary lifestyle, exercise in free time and exercise during working hours were assessed, categorizing them based on intensity (sedentary lifestyle, light activity, moderate and intense activity). Results In total, the prevalence of physical inactivity was 31.14%. The profile of this group has a lower level of education and unemployment (P<.05), presenting a higher prevalence of problems during childbirth, which required a caesarean section, as well as problems after birth in the newborn (P<.05). Conclusions Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among pregnant women. Due to the benefits (or non-harm) attributed to exercise during pregnancy. Further efforts should be taken to overcome the barriers to promote activities among pregnant women who are younger, less well educated, and unemployed and those with multiple children and a lower income are less likely to engage in an adequate amount of physical activity, aware of the importance of doing it, resolving doubts and allaying fears that may arise from a poor understanding of the mechanism of its benefit (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez , Comportamento Sedentário , Saúde Materno-Infantil , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência
13.
Apuntes psicol ; 41(3): 137-151, 16 oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226804

RESUMO

Los barrios de residencia proporcionan contextos de riesgo y protección con importantes repercusiones en el bienestar subjetivo y la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la investigación previa ha prestado escasa atención al impacto psicológico de las relaciones entre barrios. En este estudio exploramos la frecuentación de lugares de interacción en barrios colindantes y su repercusión en el sentido psicológico de comunidad. A través de un estudio de caso de cuatro barrios de la ciudad de Sevilla que difieren en su nivel de renta, comprobamos que los residentes de los barrios vulnerables suelen usar los servicios de los barrios aledaños con más recursos, especialmente cuando cuentan con servicios y lugares de interacción atractivos. Con una muestra de 225 residentes mostramos que el sentido psicológico de comunidad varía en función de los años de residencia en el barrio, el nivel socioeconómico y la frecuentación de lugares en los barrios colindantes. Los resultados podrían ser útiles en el diseño de estrategias efectivas de desarrollo comunitario (AU)


Residential neighborhoods provide risk and protection contexts with important repercussions on subjective well-being and quality of life. However, previous research has paid scant attention to the psychological impact of relationships between neighborhoods. In this study we explore the frequentation of places of interaction in neighboring neighborhoods and its impact on the psychological sense of community. Through a case study of four neighborhoods in the city of Seville that differ in their income level, we verified that residents of vulnerable neighborhoods tend to use the services of neighboring neighborhoods with more resources, especially when they have attractive services and places. With a sample of 225 residents, we show that the psychological sense of community varies depending on the years of residence in the neighborhood, the socioeconomic level and the frequentation of places in the neighboring neighborhoods. The results could be useful in designing effective community development strategies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Características de Residência , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Espanha
14.
Apuntes psicol ; 41(3): 181-191, 16 oct. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226807

RESUMO

Se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Breve de Sentido de Comunidad (BSCS) en colombianos que residían en Barranquilla, norte de Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la categorización en estratos socioeconómicos de los barrios en la ciudad. Se examina si el modelo teórico de cuatro factores se mantiene o no en este contexto y si la variable estrato socioeconómico de los barrios afecta a su puntuación. Se encuestó a 858 personas: 491 mujeres, 367 hombres, con edades de 18 a 82 años (M =31.2 años, DE = 14.6). Se utilizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para examinar la estructura de los factores y la igualdad de los parámetros del BSCS entre los grupos de barrios con alta y baja categorización socioeconómica. Se encontró que, de tres modelos en comparación, el modelo de un factor de segundo orden que explica las cuatro dimensiones del Sentido de Comunidad (SC), brindó el mejor ajuste a los datos y responde mejor al modelo de McMillan y Chavis (1986). Las medidas de confiabilidad interna fueron ω de 0.92 y α de 0.91. Se propone una norma de corrección calculada para la matriz de correlación policórica, donde las puntuaciones más altas indican un mayor SC. Se termina identificando que el SC es mucho mayor en los barrios de estratos socioeconómicos altos y medios con respecto a los barrios de estratos bajos (AU)


The psychometric properties of the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) are analyzed in Colombians residing in Barranquilla, northern Colombia, taking into account the socioeconomic strata categorization of neighborhoods in the city. We examine whether or not the four-factor theoretical model holds in this context and whether the socioeconomic strata variable of the neighborhoods affects their score. We surveyed 858 people: 491 women, 367 men, aged 18-82 years (M =31.2 years, SD= 14.6). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure and equality of BSCS parameters between groups of neighborhoods with high and low socioeconomic categorization. It was found that, of three models in comparison, the second-order one-factor model explaining the four dimensions of Sense of Community (SC) provided the best fit to the data and is most responsive to the McMillan and Chavis (1986) model.The internal reliability measures were ω of 0.92 and α of 0.91. A correction rule calculated for the polychoric correlationmatrix is proposed, where higher scores indicate higher SC. It ends up identifying that the SC is much higher in high and middle socioeconomic strata neighborhoods with respect to low strata neighborhoods (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria , Características de Residência , Relações Interpessoais , Quarentena , Análise Fatorial , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Colômbia
15.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 25(2)JULIO-OCTUBRE 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223683

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio es describir algunas características sociales de la población con enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) de un centro de salud de Fuenlabrada. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes valorados en consulta de forma presencial o telefónica, que fueron atendidos, tras el diagnóstico por prueba de detección de infección activa (PDIA), por las gestoras COVID-19 del centro. Los resultados principales describen una mayoría de hogares compuestos por tres habitaciones, siendo esto acorde al número de convivientes; con un baño de media y con terraza en la mayoría de ellos. Hay una gran incidencia de hogares sin personas activas laboralmente y con escasa ayuda social. Se observa ligeramente una mayor incidencia de mujeres diagnosticadas. Los determinantes sociales de la salud como las condiciones de vivienda, el estado laboral o las ayudas sociales influyen en la distribución de los recursos sanitarios. Este estudio refuerza la importancia de la Atención Primaria y sus recursos en situaciones de emergencia. (AU)


This study aims to describe some social characteristics of the population with Coronavirus Disease (COVID) infection in a Primary Care Centre in Fuenlabrada. All patients assessed in the consultation in person or by telephone, who were attended after the diagnosis by active infection diagnostic test (AIDT), by the centre's COVID tracing team, were included. The main results describe a majority of households comprising three rooms, this being in line with the number of cohabitants; with one bathroom on average and a terrace in the majority. There is a high incidence of households with unemployed people and with little social assistance. There is a slightly higher incidence of diagnosed women. The social determinants of health such as housing conditions, employment status, or social assistance influence the distribution of health resources. This study reinforces the importance of Primary Care and its emergency resources. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , 50334 , Condições Sociais , Espanha/epidemiologia
16.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 23(92): 277-295, aug.-sept. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229404

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to understand the reasons to join or to continue in a physical exercise programme based on the perceptions of the older adults participating in the study. Four focus groups were selected in various contexts, with a total of 39 older adults. An emergent induction analysis methodology was applied, handling the participants' speeches from the specific to the general through the coding process proposed in the grounded theory. The differences among contexts regarding personal reasons for physical practice were presented, as well as the role of physical and psychological benefits, and body image. The participants of this research engaged in physical exercise to pursue physical health benefits in the first place, followed by psychological well-being, and leaving body image aside (AU)


Este estudio se realizó para tratar de comprender cuáles son los motivos encontrados al unirse a programas o mantener la práctica de ejercicio físico en base a las percepciones de las personas adultas mayores que participan en el estudio. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en diferentes contextos con un total de 39 adultos mayores. El análisis metodológico es inductivo, emergente, delimitando los discursos de los participantes del estudio de lo específico a lo general, a través del proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Se presentaron las diferencias entre contextos sobre los motivos de carácter personal para la práctica física, el papel de los beneficios físicos, psicológicos y la imagen corporal. Los participantes de esta investigación realizan ejercicio físico buscando en primer lugar los beneficios para la salud física, seguido del bienestar psicológico y dejando de lado la mejora de la imagen corporal (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Saúde do Idoso , Fatores Socioeconômicos
17.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(6): [e101996], sept. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-224799

RESUMO

Objective The objective was to evaluate the consumption of fish in pregnant women and its association with maternal and infant outcomes. Material and methods In this observational study carried out at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital in Valencia, 300 pregnant women participated. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to their fish consumption during pregnancy for comparison. The χ2 test or ANOVA test were applied for comparisons for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively. Results It was observed that 49% of women consumed adequate amounts of fish during pregnancy (2 or 3 weekly servings). Significant differences were observed for iron supplementation (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), threatened pregnancy loss (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), infant size (better in women with adequate fish consumption), and arterial O2 pressure (better in women with adequate fish consumption). In regard to the other components of the dietary pattern, no differences were observed but the adequacy of intake for grains and white meat was very poor (less than 5.0%). Conclusions Half of the women met the recommendations for fish intake during pregnancy and presented an overall healthier eating pattern but without statistical significance (AU)


Objetivo Evaluar el consumo de pescado en mujeres embarazadas y su asociación con la salud materno-infantil. Material y métodos En este estudio observacional llevado a cabo en el Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia participaron 300 mujeres embarazadas. Las participantes se dividieron en dos grupos según su consumo de pescado durante el embarazo para comparar. Para las comparaciones de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas se aplicaron la prueba de χ2 o la ANOVA, respectivamente. Resultados Se observó que el 49% de las mujeres consumieron cantidades adecuadas de pescado durante el embarazo (2 o 3 raciones semanales). Se observaron diferencias significativas para la suplementación con hierro (mayor en mujeres con consumo inadecuado de pescado), amenaza de pérdida del embarazo (mayor en mujeres con consumo inadecuado de pescado), tamaño del bebé (mejor en mujeres con consumo adecuado de pescado) y presión arterial de O2 (mejor en mujeres con consumo adecuado de pescado). En cuanto a los demás componentes del patrón dietético, no se observaron diferencias, pero la adecuación del consumo de cereales y de carnes blancas fue muy pobre (menos del 5,0%). Conclusiones La mitad de las mujeres cumplían con las recomendaciones de consumo de pescado durante el embarazo y presentaban un patrón alimentario globalmente más saludable, pero sin significación estadística (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Comportamento Alimentar , Produtos Pesqueiros , Saúde Materno-Infantil , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
18.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(6): [e102015], sept. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224801

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo Los nódulos tiroideos se encuentran entre las dolencias más frecuentes, con un 10% de riesgo de malignidad. El objetivo es describir la frecuencia de las características demográficas, clínicas y ecográficas de la enfermedad de nódulos tiroideos en adultos y explorar la relación con la malignidad del tumor. Métodos Estudio transversal analítico, retrospectivo, en adultos con nódulos tiroideos y aspiración con aguja fina nodular realizada en pacientes adultos de un centro de referencia colombiano entre 2009-2019. Los datos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica y se estimaron medidas descriptivas de las variables demográficas, clínicas y ecográficas de los pacientes y se exploró su relación con la malignidad del tumor. Resultados Se incluyeron 445 pacientes y 515 nódulos. La mediana de edad fue de 55 años (RIQ 44-64), 86,8% mujeres, 54,8% tenía lesión única. El 80,2 y el 19,8% eran nódulos benignos y malignos, con una mediana de 15,7mm (RIQ 11-25) y 12,7mm (RIQ 8,5-18,3), respectivamente (p<0,001). El hipotiroidismo y el consumo de levotiroxina fueron mayores en quienes tenían nódulos malignos, (p<0,001). Las características ecográficas fueron diferentes estadísticamente entre los nódulos: en los malignos hubo mayor frecuencia de composición sólida, hipoecogenicidad y margen irregular, mientras que en los benignos se destacó la ausencia de foco ecogénico (p<0,001). Conclusión Las características ecográficas son fundamentales para definir el riesgo de malignidad de un nódulo tiroideo, por lo cual, considerar las más frecuentes puede ayudar en el abordaje más adecuado desde la atención primaria (AU)


Background and objective Thyroid nodules are among the most frequent conditions, with a 10% risk of malignancy. The objective is to describe the frequency of demographic, clinical, and ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid nodule pathology in adults and to explore the relationship with tumor malignancy. Methods An analytical, retrospective cross-sectional study in adults with thyroid nodules and nodular fine-needle aspiration performed in adult patients from a Colombian reference center between 2009-2019. Data were obtained from the clinical history, descriptive measures of the patient's demographic, clinical, and ultrasound variables were estimated, and their relationship with the malignancy of the tumor was explored. Results A total of 445 patients and 515 nodules were included. The median age was 55 years (IQR 44-64), 86.8% of women, and 54.8% had a single lesion. Percentages of 80.2 and 19.8 were benign and malignant nodules, with a median of 15.7mm (IQR 11-25) and 12.7mm (IQR 8.5-18.3), respectively (p<0.001). Hypothyroidism and levothyroxine consumption were higher in those with malignant nodules (p<0.001). The echographic characteristics were statistically different between the nodules. In the malignant ones, there was a higher frequency of solid composition, hypoechogenicity, and irregular margins. In contrast, in the benign ones, the absence of echogenic focus stood out (p<0.001). Conclusion The ultrasound characteristics are essential to define the risk of malignancy of a thyroid nodule. Therefore, considering the most frequent ones can help in the most appropriate approach to primary care (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Ultrassonografia
19.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 45(4): 198-206, jul.- ago. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222304

RESUMO

Introducción La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID), a pesar de su baja prevalencia, presenta un curso progresivo y letal. Como estrategia secundaria al tratamiento farmacológico, los pacientes son remitidos a programas de rehabilitación pulmonar; no obstante, existe escasa evidencia con relación a la adherencia a dichos programas. Objetivo Analizar la adherencia de los pacientes diagnosticados con EPID a los programas de rehabilitación pulmonar en una clínica de Colombia en el año 2021. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo observacional y prospectivo donde se vincularon 74 pacientes con EPID, que se dividieron en 2 grupos, adherencia baja/moderada y adherencia alta, tomando como referente el modelo de cumplimiento de Oates et al. Para la comparación de los dos grupos se realizó la prueba chi2 y la prueba T student para muestras independientes. Se tuvo en cuenta una significación del 95%, y se consideraron significativos valores p<0,05. Resultados Se obtuvo una adherencia alta en el 67,6% de los pacientes vinculados en el estudio. En las variables clínicas, diagnósticos, hospitalizaciones, días hospitalizados, y en el dominio síntomas del cuestionario de calidad de vida se presentaron diferencias significativas con un valor p≤0,05 entre los grupos de adherencia. La razón de motivo de abandono del programa de rehabilitación pulmonar en la mayoría de pacientes fue por exacerbación y no tener dinero para el transporte. Conclusiones Se presentó una alta adherencia en el 67,6% de los participantes. Pacientes con alta adherencia tenían mayor prevalencia de EPID clasificadas, hospitalizaciones, distancia recorrida y mejor calidad de vida (AU)


Introduction Diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD), despite its low prevalence, has a progressive and lethal course. As a secondary strategy to pharmacological treatment, patients are referred to pulmonary rehabilitation programs; however, there is little evidence regarding adherence to these programs. Objective To analyze the adherence of patients diagnosed with ILD to pulmonary rehabilitation programs in a clinic in Colombia in the year 2021. Materials and methods Observational and prospective descriptive study where 74 patients with ILD were linked, who were divided into two groups, low/moderate adherence and high adherence, taking as reference the compliance model of Oates et al. For the comparison of the two groups, the chi2 test and the T student test for independent samples were performed. A significance of 95% was taken into account, and significant p-values<0.05 were considered. Results High adherence was obtained in 67.6% of the patients included in the study. In the clinical variables, diagnoses, hospitalizations, days hospitalized, and in the symptoms domain of the quality of life questionnaire, there were significant differences with a p-value≤0.05 between the adherence groups. The reason for abandonment of the pulmonary rehabilitation program in the majority of patients was due to exacerbation and not having money for transportation. Conclusions High adherence was present in 67.6% of the participants. Patients with high adherence had a higher prevalence of classified ILD, hospitalizations, distance traveled and better quality of life (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/reabilitação , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia por Exercício , Exercícios Respiratórios , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Prospectivos
20.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 99(2): 111-121, ago. 2023. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223956

RESUMO

Introducción: La obesidad infantil se asocia inversamente con el nivel socioeconómico familiar en países desarrollados. El objetivo es evaluar la asociación entre la situación ponderal infantil y el nivel socioeconómico familiar, según características familiares, percepciones, hábitos de vida y entorno escolar. Metodología: Análisis descriptivo de la situación ponderal infantil según factores socioeconómicos familiares y variables mediadoras en el estudio ALADINO 2019, en una muestra de 16.665 escolares representativa de la población escolar de seis a nueve años en España. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad infantil en hogares de bajo nivel socioeconómico (26,8% niños; 20,4% niñas) era, en ambos sexos, el doble de la de los de mayor nivel (12,1% niños; 8,7% niñas). En escolares de familias de baja renta eran más frecuentes hábitos alimentarios poco saludables, el sedentarismo (principalmente en niñas) y la presencia de pantallas en la habitación (más en niños). Por el contrario, en hogares más desfavorecidos eran menos frecuentes el antecedente de lactancia materna y la práctica de actividad física (especialmente en niñas). La disponibilidad de cocina propia, actividades deportivas y gimnasio cubierto en los centros era también menos habitual para los escolares de familias de menor renta. Conclusiones: Un menor nivel socioeconómico del hogar se asocia con peores hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física y ciertas características del entorno familiar y el escolar, que a su vez median la asociación inversa que existe entre el nivel socioeconómico y la prevalencia de obesidad infantil. Las niñas realizan menos actividad física y presentan más sedentarismo, mientras que los niños tienen más acceso a pantallas. Las intervenciones para combatir la obesidad infantil deben contemplar las desigualdades identificadas. (AU)


Introduction: Childhood obesity is inversely associated with household socioeconomic status in high-income countries. Our aim was to explore the association between childhood weight status and household socioeconomic status in Spain in relation to family characteristics, perceptions and lifestyle habits and the school environment. Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of child weight status according to family socioeconomic factors and mediating variables based on data from the ALADINO 2019 study in a sample of 16 665 schoolchildren representative of the population aged 6–9 years in Spain. Results: The prevalence of childhood obesity in households with low socioeconomic status (26.8% boys; 20.4% girls) was, in both sexes, twice as high as in those with higher socioeconomic status (12.1% boys; 8.7% girls). Unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles (mainly in girls) and the presence of screens in the bedroom (more prevalent in boys) were more frequent in school-aged children from low-income households. On the other hand, in the most disadvantaged households, a history of breastfeeding and physical activity (especially in girls) were less frequent. Similarly, schools attended by children from low-income households were less likely to have their own kitchens and indoor gymnasiums or offer sports activities. Conclusions: A lower household socioeconomic status was associated with poorer dietary and physical activity habits and certain characteristics of the family and school environments that mediate the inverse association between household socioeconomic status and the prevalence of childhood obesity. Girls were less physically active and reported more sedentary lifestyles, while boys had greater access to screens. Interventions to combat childhood obesity should address the identified inequalities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Obesidade Pediátrica , Sobrepeso , Espanha , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , 57444 , Estilo de Vida
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