Exploring the role of traditional martial arts in enhanching physical fitness and health management

In social development, due to the prevalence of a physically active lifestyle among youths, the importance of physical activities (PA), categorized as martial arts (MA) has increased. The purpose of the study is to gain knowledge about the relationships between chosen and used MA kinds and the composition of teenagers' weekly PA, taking into account gender variations. The research included 1,000 male and 1,200 female athletes. This may emphasize the connection between martial arts and physical fitness. Actively practicing martial arts, such as Karate or taekwondo, greatly enhances a variety of physical fitness facets, such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. It helps improve general physical health by reducing body fat, building muscle, etc. A comprehensive approach to fitness is provided by martial arts training, which combines aerobic workouts, strength training, and stretching routines. Martial arts improve mental health, discipline, self-confidence, and physical benefits. As a result, martial arts help to promote general health and well-being by offering a practical way to develop and maintain physical fitness. The current study supports the existence of strong correlations between MA preference and performance and active PA in boys. Like other kinds of PA, teenagers who participate in MA throughout the year can fulfill the weekly PA recommendation. It is necessary to do further study on the correlations between participation in MA and the likelihood of adhering to the PA recommendations compared to other forms of PA (AU)

Effects of extracurricular martial arts practice on the trait of anger among boys and girls aged 9-12 years old / Efectos de la práctica de artes marciales en el ámbito extraescolar sobre el rasgo de ira de niños y niñas entre 9 y 12 años

Nowadays, aggression in children is an alarming problem and there are more and more programs carried out with students in order to reduce violence and aggressive behaviour. Martial arts have been used, on occasions, in these programs due to the values of respect and self-control that give it. However, they have not always obtained the expected results. The purpose of this paper is to observe is martial arts like judo and karate are a successful method to decrease anger levels in children. To evaluate this, a quasi-experimental longitudinal study during a period of 6 months in which 82 children took part, divided in a control group and an experimental group (karate and judo). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents (STAXI-NA) was used. Meaningful differences were found only in some of the anger components, between anger-in expression pre-tests of the control and experimental group and between anger-out expression pre-tests and post-tests of the karate group. The results obtained in this study suggest that the martial arts training has no effect about global anger management in children students. Common aspects are pointed out in interventions that have decreased the levels of anger (traditional aspects, design of a specific program, subjects with behavior problems, school context) and it is shown with the results obtained, how a habitual intervention carried out in a context of sports clubs, in a normal population and without a specific program, have difficulties in reducing the anger of the participants (AU)

Hoy en día la agresión en los/as niños/as es un problema preocupante, donde se ha utilizado en algunos programas, las artes marciales para disminuir los niveles de violencia, debido a los valores de respeto y autocontrol que se le otorgan. Sin embargo, no siempre se ha obtenido los resultados esperados. El objetivo de este artículo es observar si las artes marciales, como el judo y el karate, son un método adecuado para disminuir los niveles de ira en los/as niños/as. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal cuasi-experimental durante un período de seis meses en el que participaron 82 niños/as, divididos en grupo control y experimental (kárate y judo). Fue utilizado el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo para Niños y Adolescentes (STAXI-NA). Se encontraron diferencias significativas sólo en algunos de los componentes de ira, en las pruebas previas de expresión de ira del grupo control y experimental, y en las pruebas previas y posteriores de expresión de ira del grupo de karate. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sugieren que el entrenamiento en artes marciales no tiene efecto sobre la gestión global de la ira en niños/as. Se señalan aspectos comunes en las intervenciones que han disminuido los niveles de ira (aspectos tradicionales, diseño de un programa específico, sujetos con problemas de conducta, contexto escolar) y se muestra con los resultados obtenidos, cómo una intervención habitual realizada en un contexto de club deportivo, en una población normal y sin un programa específico, tienen dificultades para reducir la ira de los participantes (AU)

Heart Rate Recovery (HRR%) Variation by Position and Measurement Time After Imitation Sparring in Male Jiu-Jitsu Trainees with White Belt / Variación de la frecuencia cardíaca (HRR%) por posición y tiempo de medición después del combate de imitación en aprendices masculinos de Jiu-Jitsu con cinturón blanco

This study measured the physiological response caused by the attack and defence of the top and bottom positions in the Jiu-jitsu game with heart rate to investigate the recovery trend between each position using heart rate recovery (%). The subjects of this study were eight white belt men with more than one year of training experience in the adult division of the Jujitsu competition (from 19 to 29 years). Four teams, each consisting of two people, were selected and experimented by cross-allocation. The sparring was performed in three rounds of five minutes, assuming the competition and the rest time was applied the same as the sparring time. Each position's heart rate recovery rate (%) measurement was based on the heart rate level just before each round. The heart rate of thirty seconds, one, two, three, four, and five minutes immediately after each round (sparring) was measured and expressed in %. The results are as follows: First, the heart rate level immediately after sparring between positions showed a high heart rate level in the bottom position immediately after all rounds (sparring). Second, it was found that the bottom position performed exercise under higher physiological conditions than the top position, and the heart rate recovery tended to rapidly decrease in the bottom position at the same rest time. Third, resting heart rate appears to predict heart rate recovery.(AU)

A systematic review on the application of Aikido as a psychosomatic tool in therapeutic setting (Part I) / Una revisión sistemática sobre la aplicación del Aikido como una herramienta psicosomática en sectores terapéuticos (Parte I)

It is our contention that Aikido may have sufficient support for its use in complementary therapies in the field of clinicaltreatment. However, as far as we are aware, no extensive scientific studies highlighting the application of Aikido as a psycho-somatic therapy in the field of psychological behavioural disorders has been carried out. Our aim here was to conduct asystematic review of scientific studies associated with the possible psychosomatic benefits of Aikido practice and to examinewhether there is any theoretical basis for this psychosomatic health connection. In terms of methodology, a systematic reviewof published scientific literature on health and Aikido was conducted in adherence with PRISMA guidelines. Three aspectsof the application of Aikido were identified, one corresponding to phases more susceptible to psycho-emotional instabilitysuch as during the period of adolescence; another aspect related to the treatment of overcoming trauma in subjects withpost-traumatic stress disorder and the final aspect related to the improvements as a result of the practical intervention ofmindfulness. It is evident from our review, that the treatment of Aikido as a discipline with psychotherapeutic potential requiresfurther expert analysis from a cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective, which would involve establishing a suitableintervention model in order to attain a deeper understanding of the discipline of Aikido. Moreover, a mastery of the field ofpsychology and psychiatry is required to understand the internal cognitive processes of the subjects studied.(AU)

Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento no existe un campo de carácter científico extenso de la aplicación terapéutica derelación psicosomática en el Aikido, en el entorno de los trastornos y afecciones psicológicas del comportamiento. Partimosde la hipótesis de que el Aikido podría tener un respaldo suficiente en su uso en terapias complementarias al ámbito de lostratamientos clínicos. Nuestra finalidad fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre los estudios de carácter científico asociadosa los posibles beneficios psicosomáticos de la práctica del Aikido y comprobar si hay una teoría entre esta conexión de saludpsicosomática. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en materia de saludy Aikido. Para su elaboración se han seguido las directrices de la declaración PRISMA. Se observan tres vertientes de aplicacióndel Aikido, una correspondiente a fases más susceptibles de inestabilidad psicoemocional como es la adolescencia. Otravertiente relacionada con el tratamiento de superación de traumas en sujetos con trastorno por estrés postraumático y unaúltima relacionada con la mejora de los aspectos relacionado con la intervención práctica de mindfulness. Se evidencia queel tratamiento del Aikido como una disciplina con potencial psicoterapéutico que requiere de un mayor análisis de expertosdesde una perspectiva transdisciplinar e interdisciplinar, que permita encontrar un modelo de intervención idóneo para tenerun conocimiento más profundo de la disciplina del Aikido. Además, se requiere un dominio del campo de la psicología y dela psiquiatría que permita entender los procesos cognitivos internos de los sujetos estudiados.(AU)

A systematic review on the application of Aikido as a psychosomatic tool in therapeutic setting (Part I) / Una revisión sistemática sobre la aplicación del Aikido como una herramienta psicosomática en sectores terapéuticos (Parte II)

It is our contention that Aikido may have sufficient support for its use in complementary therapies in the field of clinicaltreatment. However, as far as we are aware, no extensive scientific studies highlighting the application of Aikido as a psycho-somatic therapy in the field of psychological behavioural disorders has been carried out. Our aim here was to conduct asystematic review of scientific studies associated with the possible psychosomatic benefits of Aikido practice and to examinewhether there is any theoretical basis for this psychosomatic health connection. In terms of methodology, a systematic reviewof published scientific literature on health and Aikido was conducted in adherence with PRISMA guidelines. Three aspectsof the application of Aikido were identified, one corresponding to phases more susceptible to psycho-emotional instabilitysuch as during the period of adolescence; another aspect related to the treatment of overcoming trauma in subjects withpost-traumatic stress disorder and the final aspect related to the improvements as a result of the practical intervention ofmindfulness. It is evident from our review, that the treatment of Aikido as a discipline with psychotherapeutic potential requiresfurther expert analysis from a cross-disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective, which would involve establishing a suitableintervention model in order to attain a deeper understanding of the discipline of Aikido. Moreover, a mastery of the field ofpsychology and psychiatry is required to understand the internal cognitive processes of the subjects studied.(AU)

Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento no existe un campo de carácter científico extenso de la aplicación terapéutica derelación psicosomática en el Aikido, en el entorno de los trastornos y afecciones psicológicas del comportamiento. Partimosde la hipótesis de que el Aikido podría tener un respaldo suficiente en su uso en terapias complementarias al ámbito de lostratamientos clínicos. Nuestra finalidad fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre los estudios de carácter científico asociadosa los posibles beneficios psicosomáticos de la práctica del Aikido y comprobar si hay una teoría entre esta conexión de saludpsicosomática. Metodológicamente se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en materia de saludy Aikido. Para su elaboración se han seguido las directrices de la declaración PRISMA. Se observan tres vertientes de aplicacióndel Aikido, una correspondiente a fases más susceptibles de inestabilidad psicoemocional como es la adolescencia. Otravertiente relacionada con el tratamiento de superación de traumas en sujetos con trastorno por estrés postraumático y unaúltima relacionada con la mejora de los aspectos relacionado con la intervención práctica de mindfulness. Se evidencia queel tratamiento del Aikido como una disciplina con potencial psicoterapéutico que requiere de un mayor análisis de expertosdesde una perspectiva transdisciplinar e interdisciplinar, que permita encontrar un modelo de intervención idóneo para tenerun conocimiento más profundo de la disciplina del Aikido. Además, se requiere un dominio del campo de la psicología y dela psiquiatría que permita entender los procesos cognitivos internos de los sujetos estudiados.(AU)

The effect of Taekwondo training applied with differential learning approach on the technical skills / El Efecto del entrenamiento de Taekwondo aplicado con el enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial en las habilidades técnicas

Junto al hecho de que el método de aprendizaje clásico se ha utilizado durante muchos años en el ámbito de deportes como el taekwondo, ha habido búsquedas e intentos de enfoques de enseñanza no convencionales. Uno de ellos es el enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial. En el enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial es importante que las repeticiones varíen y que se preste atención a la base de la técnica más que a la ejecución perfecta del movimiento. Examinando la literatura, no se ha encontrado ningún estudio que investigue los resultados del programa de entrenamiento de taekwondo aplicado con un enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial, a pesar de que la contribución positiva del enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial en la literatura ha sido apoyada por otras ramas. El propósito del estudio fue investigar el efecto del entrenamiento de taekwondo aplicado con un enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial sobre las habilidades técnicas de los taekwondistas de categoría estrella de 12-14 años. Participaron en la investigación un total de 16 taekwondistas con cinturón rojo-negro de la categoría estrella de 12-14 años y con una licencia de al menos 3 años. En esta investigación cuantitativa, se utilizó un método de investigación semi experimental sobre el terreno con un grupo de estudio que incluía los modelos pre-test y post-test. La Prueba de Wilcoxon se utilizó para examinar las diferencias entre la prueba previa y posterior los valores de prueba los jugadores de taekwondo.Cuando se examinaron los hallazgos, se ha determinado que el enfoque de aprendizaje diferencial tiene un efecto positivo en el desarrollo de las habilidades técnicas de los atletas de taekwondo. (AU)

Alongside the fact that the classical learning method has been used for many years in the area of sports such as tae-kwon-do, there have been searches and attempts for unconventional approaches to teaching. One of these is the differential learning approach, it is important the repetitions vary in the differential learning approach and that the attention is given to the basis of the technique rather than the perfect execution of the move. Examining the literature, no study has been found which investigates the outcomes of the taekwondo training program applied with a differential learning approach despite the fact that other branches have supported the positive contribution of the differential learning approach in the literature. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of differential learning on the technical skill development of male and female taekwondo players with red-black belts in the 12-14 age group. A total of 16 taekwondo players, who have a red-black belt in the 12-14 age group star category and have a license of at least three years, participated in the research. In this quantitative research, the pre-test and post-test study group models (within quasi-experimental design) was used. Wilcoxon Test was used to examine the pre-test and post-test between the test values of taekwondo players. When the findings were examined, the differential learning approach has a positive effect on the technical skill development of the female and male taekwondo athletes. (AU)

Taekwondo Coach Image, Career Satisfaction and Continuous Sports Engagement: Empirical Evidence from Luoyang, China / Imagen del Entrenador de Taekwondo, Satisfacción Profesional y Compromiso Deportivo Continuo: Evidencia Empírica de Luoyang, China

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the psychological elements of participants' participation satisfaction, sports engagement, and intention for continued participation. The participants in Luoyang City, Henan Province, who practice Taekwondo were selected for the questionnaire. For exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis, SPSS statistical software is utilized. The results indicate that the image aspects, attributes, accountability, professionalism, and professional awareness of Taekwondo teachers have a substantial impact on participant satisfaction. This study showed that if coaches have work duties, work skills and abilities, as well as self-management, students' sports participation will increase and their interest will increase. Moreover, this study concludes that involvement satisfaction has a considerable beneficial effect on the intention to continue participating. Likewise, sports participation has a considerable beneficial effect on the intention to continue participating.(AU)

Lesiones de interés podológico en la práctica habitual de deportes de contacto / Podiatrically significant injuries in the regular practice of contact sports

Introducción: El auge en la práctica de deportes de contacto hace que sea necesario que el podólogo conozca las lesiones más comunes que sufren los deportistas que las practican para mejorar así la atención de estos pacientes. Debido a este motivo, nos planteamos como objetivo principal de este estudio analizar el perfil sociodemográfico del deportista de deportes de contacto y conocer las lesiones sufridas en diferentes deportes de contacto para hacer prevención primaria a nivel podológico. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizó una autoencuesta a través de Google Forms, donde se recabaron datos sobre los hábitos y las lesiones deportivas sufridas en la extremidad inferior de 100 deportistas que practican diversos deportes de contacto, además de otras variables como sexo, alimentación, horas de entrenamiento semanal, tiempo que lleva practicándolo, con el fin de conocer si en las diferentes modalidades de los deportes de contacto ocurren las mismas patologías podológicas o son diferentes. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente usando los programas Microsoft Office Excel 2013 y SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Las lesiones más comunes en la extremidad inferior en los deportistas de contacto analizados fueron lesiones en partes blandas, en concreto esguinces, contracturas y tendinitis, distensiones, fascitis, rotura de ligamentos pierna y pie, y también lesiones óseas, como fracturas de huesos (costillas, nariz, hombro, metatarsianos). A nivel dérmico se encontraron infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas.Conclusión: Conocer las lesiones y patologías que sufren los deportistas que practican deportes de contacto hace posible que, como profesionales de la salud, actuemos a nivel de prevención primaria, ya que las patologías sufridas pueden conllevar secuelas podológicas en el futuro y al empeoramiento de la calidad de vida del deportista (AU)

Objective: The boom in the practice of contact sports makes it necessary for the podiatrist to know the most common injuries suffered by athletes who practice them, to improve the care of these patients. Due to this reason, our main objective in this study is to analyze the sociodemographic profile of contact sports athletes and to understand the injuries suffered in different contact sports, in order to implement primary prevention measures at podiatry level. Patients and methods: Using a survey, we analyzed the sports injuries suffered in the lower extremity by 100 athletes who practice various contact sports. In addition to other variables such as sex, diet, hours of weekly training, and how long has been practicing it. To know if the same podiatric disorders occur in the different modalities or if they are different. The data was statistically treated using the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and SPSS 22.0. Results: The most common injuries in the lower extremity in the contact athletes analyzed were soft tissue injuries, specifically: sprains, contractures and tendonitis, strains, fasciitis, leg and foot ligament tears, and also bone injuries: bone fractures (ribs, nose, shoulder, metatarsals) and at the dermal level bacterial infections and mycotites. Conclusion: Knowing the injuries and pathologies suffered by athletes who practice contact sports makes it possible for us as health professionals to act at the level of primary prevention, since the disorders described can lead to podiatric sequelae in the future and by worsening the quality of the life of the athlete (AU)

Estudio comparativo lesional en judocas de élite / Lessional Comparative Study in Elite Judocas

El Judo es un deporte estático alto y dinánimo bajo, con alto riesgo de colisión corporal y lesional. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la incidencia lesional y comparar los distintos factores de riesgo que pudieran estar implicados. Se estudió a un total de 86 judocas del Equipo Nacional de Judo español (ENJE) durante dos períodos olímpicos: Beijing-Río. Se produjeron 2028 lesiones con mayor frecuencia en miembro inferior, sin diferencias significativas por sexo. Se objetivó mayor incidencia lesional cuando el judoca era tori y durante el momento del entrenamiento. No existen trabajos previos que comparen estos parámetros, por lo que este estudio aporta datos que pueden ser utilizados para prevenir los riesgos de lesión en el judo de alta competición. (AU)

Judo is a high static and low dynamic sport, with a high risk of bodily and injury collision. The objective of this work is to determine the incidence of injury and to compare the different risk factors that may be involved. A total of 86 judokas from the Spanish National Judo Team (ENJE) were studied during two Olympic periods: Beijing-Rio. 2028 injuries occurred more frequently in the lower limb, without significant differences by sex. A higher incidence was observed in tori judoka and during training. No existing work has examined these parameters. The present study provides data that can be used to reduce the risk of injury in elite judokas. (AU)

Análisis del combate en la iniciación al karate: un ejemplo de utilización de árboles de decisión en metodología observacional / Análise do combate na iniciação ao karatê: um exemplo do uso de árvores de decisão na metodologia observacional / Combat analysis in initiation to karate: decision trees in observational methodology

El presente trabajo persigue delimitar el desempeño técnico-táctico en combate en la iniciación al karate y mostrar las posibilidades de aplicación de la técnica de análisis de árbol de decisión en metodología observacional. El muestreo observacional ha ascendido a 887 acciones técnico-tácticas ofensivas realizadas en 40 combates por participantes de la franja de 8-9 años de edad. El instrumento de observación se ha introducido en el seno del softwarede registro y codificación, Lince. La calidad del dato ha quedado garantizada, por un lado, mediante un procedimiento de concordancia inter-observadores a partir del coeficiente Kappa de Cohen y, por otro lado, por un diseño de generalizabilidad. Se han realizado dos árboles de decisiónutilizando dos algoritmos diferentes (CHAID y CART). Los resultados obtenidos con ambos algoritmos coinciden en señalar como mejor predictor de la “zona del cuerpo a la que se dirige la técnica” a la dimensión “segmento”; pero se diferencian en el segundo mejor pronosticador: dimensión“grupo de técnica” mediante el algoritmo CHAID,y dimensión “técnica detallada” con el algoritmo CART. (AU)

This work analyze the technical-tactical performance in combat in the initiation to karate and show the possibilities of application of the decision tree analysis technique in observational methodology. The observational sampling is made up of 887 offensive technical-tactical actions executed in 40 combats by participants of the 8-9 age group. Regarding the recording and coding process, the observation instrument has been introduced in the software LINCE. The quality of the data has been guaranteed bymeans of an inter-observer concordance procedure based on Cohen's Kappa coefficient and by a design of generalizability. Two decision trees have been made using two different algorithms (CHAID and CART). The results obtained with both algorithms coincide in pointing out the "segment" dimension as the best predictor of the "body area to which the technique is directed";but they differ in the second best forecaster: dimension "technique group" through the CHAID algorithm,and "concrete technique" dimension with the CART algorithm. (AU)

Este trabalho analisa o desempenho técnico-tático em combate na iniciação ao karatê e mostra as possibilidades de aplicação da técnica de análise de árvore de decisão na metodologia observacional. A amostragem observacional é composta por 887 ações técnico-táticas ofensivas executadas em 40 combates por participantes da faixa etária de 8 a 9 anos. Em relação ao processo de registro e codificação, o instrumento de observação foi introduzido no softwareLINCE. A qualidade dos dados foi garantida por meio de um procedimento de concordância interobservador baseado no coeficiente Kappa de Cohen e por um desenho de generalização. Duas árvores de decisão foram feitas usando dois algoritmos diferentes (CHAID e CART). Os resultados obtidos com ambos os algoritmos coincidem em apontar a dimensão "segmento" como o melhor preditor da “área do corpo para a qual a técnica é direcionada”; mas diferem no segundo melhor preditor: dimensão “grupo de técnicas” usando o algoritmo CHAID,e dimensão “técnica detalhada” com o algoritmo CART. (AU)

Research on the Construction of Evaluation System of College Physical Education Wushu Teaching under Multiple Intelligences Theory / Investigación sobre la Construcción del Sistema de Evaluación de la Enseñanza de Wushu en Educación Física Universitaria bajo la Teoría de las Inteligencias Múltiples

In order to better improve the martial arts learning effect, this paper puts forward the design method of martial arts motion feedback system based on target intelligent tracking video processing. It optimizes the hardware configuration of the system, adds a composite tracker to the system, to effectively track the motion changes of different human targets, and further combines the real-time target intelligent tracking video processing technology. Build a moving target tracking model; then, based on the calculation of motion characteristic parameters, CRF method is used for motion behavior recognition and feedback. Measuring the data using smart PLS software and running different results included descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, model fitness analysis, and the smart PLS Algorithm model also describes that graphical analysis related to the variables. It is the expectation of the Chinese Government to achieve urban-rural integration and close the urban-rural divide by lowering health inequities and enhancing social connections at the same time. Given that involvement in sports may provide a variety of physical and mental advantages, as a manner of increasing possibilities for social connections, community provision plays an important part in this regard. The overall results found that there is positive and significant relationships in-between.(AU)

Sports fear psychology in martial arts athletes' physical conflict psychology

This study aims to investigate the fear of sports psychology in the physical confrontation of Chinese Wushu athletes. This article profiles 40 Chinese students majoring in physical education, and social sports enrolled in a unique martial arts program. The age range is between 19 and 21. The causes of dread among 40 Sanda athletes were investigated using the research methodologies of literature data, interviews, and questionnaire survey. SPSS l4.0 statistical software was utilized to analyze the questionnaire data. Before two competitions following the experiment, students' psychological readiness was evaluated using a psychological exam. The length of the experiment was eighteen weeks. P<0.05 indicated a substantial difference between the test and control groups to aid Sanda athletes in actual fighting. Provide theoretical support for the psychology of fear. Fear of harm, actual battle experience, and insufficient physical reserve are the causes of the fear of psychology in athletes, which can be overcome through a simulation-based training strategy. The management should develop the special sports quality of sanda athletes, rationalize combat and combat training, enhance technical and tactical skills, and bolster psychological training.(AU)

Effect of uchi-komi prescribed as high-intensity interval training on Judo athletes / Efecto del uchi-komi prescrito como entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad en atletas de judo / Efeito do uchi-komi prescrito como treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em atletas de judô

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a period of training performing uchi-komi prescribed as high-intensity interval training on the performance of judo athletes.Method: Twenty judo athletes performed uchi-komi prescribed as high-intensity interval training (HIT; n = 10) or auto-oriented uchi-komi (control; n = 10). The judo athletes participated in 3 sessions (60 min for day) of Judo training per week, totalizing 18 sessions in 6 weeks. High-intensity interval training was performed with 30 s of entry to judo technique (all-out) and 15 s of rest, two times per week for 6 weeks. Athletes performed 8 repetitions of high-intensity interval training in the first week, 10 repetitions in the second and third weeks, and 12 repetitions in the fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks. Pre and post training, athletes performed the Countermovement jump, Isometric judogi chin-up (isometric test), and Special judo fitness test.Results: Special judo fitness test and isometric test showed interaction (P<0.01). Both the Control (P<0.01) and HIT groups (P<0.01) demonstrated improvement in the Special judo fitness test and isometric test. The Special judo fitness test presented a difference between groups at post (P<0.01) but not pre (P= 0.06). The isometric test presented a difference between groups at pre (P = 0.03) and post (P<0.01). Countermovement jump did not demonstrate interaction (P<0.77).Conclusions: Training using uchi-komi prescribed as HIT improved performance in the Special judo fitness test and isometric test, without changing power in the lower limbs of judo athletes. (AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de un período de entrenamiento realizando uchi-komi prescrito como entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad en el desempeño de atletas de judoMétodo: Veinte atletas de judo realizaron uchi-komi prescrito como entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIT; n = 10) o uchi-komi auto-orientado (control; n = 10). Los atletas de judo participaron de 3 sesiones (60 minutos por día) de entrenamiento de judo por semana, totalizando 18 sesiones en 6 semanas. El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad fue realizado con 30 segundos de entradas de técnicas de judo (all-out) y 15 segundo de intervalo, dos veces por semana durante 6 semanas. Los atletas realizaron 8 repeticiones de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad en la primera semana, 10 repeticiones en la segunda y tercera semana y 12 repeticiones en la cuarta, quinta y sexta semana. Antes y después del entrenamiento, los atletas realizaron la prueba de salto vertical con contramovimiento, el Isometric Judogi Chin-up (prueba isométrica) y el Special judo fitness test.Resultados: El Special judo fitness test y la prueba isométrica mostraron interacción (P<0,01). Ambos grupos, control (P<0,01) y HIT (P<0,01), demostraron mejoría en el Special judo fitness test y en la prueba isométrica. El Special judo fitness test presento diferencia entre los grupos en el momento post (P <0,01), mas no en el momento pre (P = 0,06). La prueba isométrica presento diferencia entre los grupos en el momento pre (P = 0,03), y en el post (P <0,01). El salto con contramovimiento no demostró interacción (P <0,77).Conclusiones: El Uchi-Komi prescrito como HIT mejoró el desempeño en el Special judo fitness test y en la prueba isométrica, sin alterar la potencia de miembros inferiores de los atletas de judo. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um período de treinamento realizando uchi-komi prescrito como treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no desempenho de atletas de judô.Método: Vinte atletas de judô realizaram o uchi-komi prescrito como treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIT; n = 10) ou o uchi-komi auto-orientado (controle; n = 10). Os atletas de judô participaram de 3 sessões (60 min por dia) de treinamento de judô por semana, totalizando 18 sessões em 6 semanas. O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade foi realizado com 30 segundos de entradas de técnicas do judô (all-out) e 15 segundos de intervalo, duas vezes por semana durante 6 semanas. Os atletas realizaram 8 repetições de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade na primeira semana, 10 repetições na segunda e terceira semanas e 12 repetições na quarta, quinta e sexta semanas. Antes e depois do treinamento, os atletas realizaram o teste de salto vertical com contramovimento, o teste Isometric judogi chin-up (teste isométrico) e o Special judo fitness test.Resultados: O Special judo fitness test e o teste isométrico mostraram interação (P <0,01). Ambos os grupos, Controle (P <0,01) e HIT (P <0,01), demonstraram melhora no Special judo fitness test e no teste isométrico. O Special judo fitness test apresentou diferença entre os grupos no momento pós (P <0,01), mas não no momento pré (P = 0,06). O teste isométrico apresentou diferença entre os grupos no momento pré (P = 0,03) e no pós (P <0,01). O salto com contramovimento não demonstrou interação (P <0,77).Conclusões: O uchi-komi prescrito como HIT melhorou o desempenho no Special judo fitness test e no teste isométrico, sem alterar a potência de membros inferiores dos atletas de judô.

Recognition method of kicking and stride movements of Taekwondo athletes based on Gaussian mixture model / Método de reconocimiento de movimientos de patadas y zancadas de atletas de Taekwondo basado en el modelo de mezcla gaussiana

In order to improve the accuracy of Taekwondo Athletes' motion recognition, a human motion recognition method based on Gaussian mixture model is proposed. This paper decomposes the structure of kicking and stride movement of human Taekwondo athletes to form a group of recognition targets, and investigates the changes of muscle surface under kicking and stride movement of Taekwondo athletes. The Gaussian mixture model is used to collect the shorttime feature images of kicking and stride movement of Taekwondo athletes, and the wavelet time-domain features of the images are obtained as the recognition vector space, The experimental results show that the method can effectively identify the movement characteristics and muscle changes of Taekwondo athletes, fully meet the research requirements.(AU)

Efeitos da prática de artes marciais na aptidão física e características comportamentais de pessoas com deficiência intelectual: uma revisão sistemática / Efectos de la práctica de artes marciales en la aptitud física y las características de comportamiento de personas con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión sistemática / Effects of martial arts practice on physical fitness and behavioral characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Introdução: Pessoas com deficiência intelectual (DI) normalmente apresentam limitações no campo da interação social, e também podem ser acometidos por doenças crônicas. A atividade física e o esporte exercem importantes reduções nos riscos de desenvolver doenças, contudo, algumas modalidades ainda carecem de informação sobre sua efetividade, tais quais as artes marciais.Objetivo: Apresentar os efeitos relacionados a prática de artes marciais para pessoas com deficiência intelectual.Método: Uma busca sistemática em seis bases de dados foi realizada por dois avaliadores independentes. Os estudos deveriam trazer informações claras sobre o público com deficiência intelectual estudado além das características que compunham as intervenções selecionadas. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pela escala PEDro.Resultados: Após administração dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão 16 estudos foram selecionados (karatê: seis; judô: cinco; taekwondo: dois; taichi: dois e artes marciais mistas: um), totalizando 310 pessoas com deficiência intelectual avaliadas. Os tipos de deficiência intelectual investigados foram Síndrome de Down (n=21), deficiência intelectual grave e moderada (n=45), transtorno do espectro autista (n=135), deficiência intelectual não especificada com Coeficiente intelectual <70 (n=66), deficiência intelectual “educável” (n=32) e epilepsia (n=11). Os principais resultados apontam para melhoria em aspectos da aptidão física e também do desempenho motor. Aspectos de socialização e do comportamento apresentam resultados conflitantes.Conclusão: Existem efeitos positivos oriundos da prática de artes marciais, contudo variáveis comportamentais ainda carecem de evidência em pessoas com deficiência intelectual. A baixa qualidade metodológica dos estudos releva a necessidade de mais pesquisas de qualidade, randomizadas e controladas, e incluindo outras artes marciais acessíveis ao público com deficiência intelectual. (AU)

Efectos de la práctica de artes marciales en la aptitud física y las características de comportamiento de personas con discapacidad intelectual: una revisión sistemáticaRESUMENIntroducción: La actividad física y el deporte reducen el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades en personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI), sin embargo, algunos deportes carecen de información al respecto, como las artes marciales.Objetivo: presentar los efectos relacionados con la práctica de artes marciales para personas con discapacidad intelectual.Método: dos evaluadores independientes realizaron una búsqueda sistemática en seis bases de datos. Los estudios deben aportar información clara sobre los participantes y las características de las intervenciones. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro.Resultados: Después de los criterios de inclusión/exclusión, se seleccionaron 16 estudios (karate: seis; judo: cinco; taekwondo: dos; taichi: dos y artes marciales mixtas: uno), con un total de 310 personas evaluadas. Los tipos de deficiência intelectual investigados fueron Síndrome de Down (n = 21), deficiencia intelectual grave y moderada (n = 45), trastorno del espectro autista (n = 135), deficiencia intelectual no especificada con coeficiente intelectual <70 (n = 66), deficiencia intelectual "educable” (n = 32) y epilepsia (n = 11). Los principales resultados apuntan a una mejora en aspectos de la condición física y también el rendimiento motor. Los aspectos de socialización y comportamiento muestran resultados contradictorios.Conclusión: la práctica de artes marciales tiene efectos positivos, sin embargo, las variables de comportamiento aún carecen de evidencia en personas con deficiencia intelectual. La baja calidad metodológica de los estudios subraya la necesidad de una investigación de mayor calidad, aleatorizada y controlada, e incluyendo otras artes marciales accesibles al público con identificación. (AU)

Introduction: Physical activity and sport have important reductions in the risk of developing diseases in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID), however, some sports still lack information on their effectiveness, such as martial arts.Objective: Thus, our objective was to present the effects related to the practice of martial arts for people with intellectual disabilities.Method: A systematic search of six databases was carried out by two independent evaluators. The studies should bring clear information about the public with intellectual disabilities studied in addition to the characteristics that comprised the selected interventions. The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale.Results: After administering the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 16 studies were selected (karate: six; judo: five; taekwondo: two; taichi: two and mixed martial arts: one), totaling 310 people with ID assessed. The types of intellectual disabilities investigated were Down Syndrome (n = 21), severe and moderate intellectual disabilities (n = 45), autistic spectrum disorder (n = 135), unspecified intellectual disabilities with intelligence quotient <70 (n = 66), intellectual disabilities “educable”(n = 32) and epilepsy (n = 11). The main results point to improvement in aspects of physical fitness and also motor performance. Aspects of socialization and behavior show conflicting results.Conclusion: There are positive effects from the practice of martial arts, however behavioral variables still lack evidence in people with intellectual disabilities. The low methodological quality of the studies underscores the need for more quality research, randomized and controlled, and including other martial arts accessible to the public with intellectual disabilities. (AU)

Basal metabolic rate for high-performance female karate athletes / Tasa metabólica basal de deportistas de karate femenino de alto rendimiento

Introduction: karate is a millennial martial art, currently inserted in the context of Olympic Combat Sports. However, important scientific gaps still persist in monitoring high-performance athletes, including the basal metabolism measurement of female karate athletes. Aim: to contribute to understanding the applicability of equations for predicting basal metabolic rate in this population. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with a retro-analytical component, in which data were obtained from the medical records of seven athletes participating in the project "Karate São Paulo Olímpico" (São Paulo Olympic Karate) (KSPO) during their nutrition counseling, including body composition and indirect calorimetry testing, with the aim of comparing these data to basal metabolic rate prediction equations. Results: only one out of the five evaluated equations did not have a significant statistical difference relative to the value obtained by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Conclusion: in case basal metabolism cannot be measured through standard methodology (calorimetry), Cunningham's prediction equation (1980) would be appropriate to obtain total energy expenditure for high-performance female karate athletes. (AU)

Introducción: el karate es un antiguo arte marcial que actualmente encaja en el contexto de los deportes olímpicos de combate. Sin embargo, aún quedan importantes lagunas científicas para el seguimiento de los deportistas de alto rendimiento, una de las cuales es la determinación del metabolismo basal de las deportistas de karate. Objetivo: contribuir al conocimiento de la aplicabilidad de las ecuaciones predictivas para obtener la tasa metabólica basal de esta población. Métodos: el estudio se caracteriza por ser transversal con un componente retroanalítico, donde se obtuvieron los datos de siete atletas de la historia clínica de cuidado nutricional del proyecto Karate São Paulo Olímpico (KSPO), referidos a la composición corporal y el examen de calorimetría indirecta, con el propósito de compararlos con las ecuaciones predictivas de la tasa metabólica basal. Resultados: solo una de las cinco ecuaciones evaluadas no mostró ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa con respecto al valor medido mediante calorimetría indirecta de circuito abierto. Conclusión: sería conveniente, si no existe la posibilidad de obtener un metabolismo basal mediante la metodología de referencia (la calorimetría), utilizar la ecuación predictiva de Cunningham (1980) con el fin de obtener el gasto energético total de las deportistas karatecas de alto rendimiento. (AU)

Prevalência, características e fatores associados às lesões esportivas em atletas de jiu-jitsu brasileiro / Prevalencia, características y factores asociados a lesiones deportivas en atletas brasileños del jiu-jitsu / Prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with sports injuries in brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes

Objetivo: determinar a ocorrência e características de lesões musculoesqueléticas e osteoarticulares em atletas de Jiu-Jitsu Brasileiro (BJJ). Método: Foi aplicado um questionário fechado para 146 atletas de BJJ acerca das lesões sofridas, autodiagnosticadas ou diagnosticadas clinicamente, nos últimos 12meses. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS© 20.0. Resultados:No total, foram relatadas 403 lesões sofridas. A maioria dos atletas participantes dessa pesquisa são do nível iniciante, sendo a faixa de graduação azul a de maior tamanho amostral (43,15%). O grupo etário de 18 a 28 anos (50,68%) foi o que relatou o maior número de lesões (53,35%). Além disso, observou-se que a maior parte dos atletas treina entre 2 e 6 horas por semana (65%), sendo essa parcela da amostra a mais acometida por lesões (246 no total). Em geral, o joelho foi a área mais afetada (25,1%) e a luxação de dedos a lesão mais frequente (12,7%). Dentre outros resultados encontrados, destaca-se que, quanto maior a carga horária de treinamento semanal, menor o risco de lesões (r = -0,85). Assim como que, quanto maior a idade do atleta, maior a frequência de lesões (r = 0,93). Destaca-se que as lesões ocorreram, em grande parte, durante os treinamentos (81,5%), sendo a maioria de natureza grave (58%). (AU)

Objetivo: determinar la ocurrencia y características de lesiones musculoesqueléticas y osteoarticulares en atletas brasileños de Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado a 146 atletas de BJJ sobre las lesiones sufridas, autodiagnosticadas o diagnosticadas clínicamente, en los últimos 12 meses. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS © 20.0. Resultados:En total, se reportaron 403 heridos. La mayoría de los atletas que participan en esta investigación se encuentran en el nivel principiante, y el rango de graduación azul tiene el tamaño de muestra más grande (43,15%). El grupo de edad entre 18 y 28 años (50,68%) fue el que reportó mayor número de lesiones (53,35%). Además, se observó que la mayoría de los deportistas entrena entre 2 y 6 horas semanales (65%), siendo esta parte de la muestra la más afectada por lesiones (246 en total). En general, la rodilla fue la zona más afectada (25,1%) y la luxación de los dedos fuela lesión más frecuente (12,7%). Entre otros resultados encontrados, es de destacar que cuanto mayores son las horas semanales de entrenamiento, menor es el riesgo de lesiones (r = -0,85). Además, cuanto mayor es el deportista, mayor es la frecuencia de lesiones (r = 0,93). Es de destacar que las lesiones ocurrieron, en gran medida, durante el entrenamiento (81,5%), la mayoría de las cuales fueron de carácter grave (58%). (AU)

Objective: to determine the occurrence and characteristics of musculoskeletal and osteoarticular injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. Method: A closed questionnaire was applied to 146 BJJ athletes about the injuries suffered, self-diagnosed or clinically diagnosed, in the last 12 months. The data were analyzed using the SPSS © 20.0 program. Results:In total, 403 injuries were reported. Most of the athletes participating in this research are at the beginner level, with the blue graduation range having the largest sample size (43.15%). The age group between 18 and 28 years old (50.68%) was the one that reported the highest number of injuries (53.35%). In addition, it was observed that most athletes train between 2 and 6hours per week (65%), with this portion of the sample being the most affected by injuries (246 in total). In general, the knee was the most affected area (25.1%) and finger dislocation was the most frequent injury (12.7%). Among other results found, it isnoteworthy that the higher the weekly training hours, the lower the risk of injuries (r = -0.85). As well as that, the older the athlete, the greater the frequency of injuries (r = 0.93). It is noteworthy that the injuries occurred, to a large extent, during training (81.5%), the majority of which were severe in nature (58%). (AU)

Estudo da assimetria corporal em praticantes de artes marciais através da baropodometria eletrônica / Estudio de la asimetría corporal en practicantes de artes marciales por medio de la baropodometria electrónica / Study of body asymmetries in martial arts practitioners through electronic baropodometry

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para análise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size. RESULTADOS: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai. CONCLUSÃO: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito

OBJETIVO: investigar las diferencias de los resultados entre practicantes de Jiu-jitsu y Muay-thai utilizando la baropodometria como herramienta de evaluación. MÉTODO: participaron de este estudio 15 practicantes de Muay-thai, edad de 29.4±6.3años, experiencia en el deporte 8.5±4.0 años, peso corporal de 77.8±12,5, estatura de 178.2±8.6 cm y porcentaje de grasa de 11.2±4.9 y 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, edad 32.2±4.5 años, experiencia en el deporte 6.3±3.4 años, Peso corporal 80±9.6 kg, estatura 176±5.2 cm y porcentaje de grasa 10.5±2.1. Para el análisis de la presión plantar fue utilizado una plataforma de baropodometria Tekscan® versión 5.1, donde los participantes se posicionaban encima del equipo en una posición bípeda para los correspondientes análisis. Fueron analizados % fuerza, pico de fuerza, fuerza de presión. Para el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el test T de Students para muestras independientes y para medir elnivel de significancia fue utilizado Effect Size (ES). RESULTADOS: Los atletas de ambas modalidades presentaron valores parecidos en la evaluación por baropodometria, presentando diferencias significativas entre lado derecho y el lado izquierdo, con valores mayores en el % de fuerza, siendo el mayor Effect Size en el Muay-thai. CONCLUSIÓN: La asimetría bilateral sucedió entre los dos tipos de deportes, por lo tanto, con más énfasis en el grupo Muay-thai, debido posiblemente al uso constante de los pies para patear tanto con el pie izquierdo como el derecho

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this research was to analyze and compare the results of the asymmetries, by baropodometry between practitioners of Jiu-jitsu and Muay-thai. METHOD: 15 practitioners of Muay-thai age 29.4 ± 6.3years, sport experience 8.5±4.0 years, body weight of 77.8 ± 12.5kg, height 178.2 ± 8.6 cm and fat percentage of 11.2 participated in this study. ± 4.9 and 16 Jiu-Jitsu athletes, age 32.2 ± 4.5years, sport experience 6.3±3.4 years. body weight 80 ± 9.6 kg, height 176 ± 5.2cm and fat percentage 10.5 ± 2.1. The present investigation carried out measurements of the pressure of the feet in a platform of baropodometry Tekscan® versão 5.1, with the participants in an orthostatic position. They were analyzed% force, force peak, pressure force. For the statistical analyzes the T Students was used for independent samples and to measure or level of significance the Effect Size was used. RESULTS: The athletes of both modalities presented similar average values in the evaluation by baropodometry, presenting significant differences between right side and left side, with higher values in% strength, being the highest Effect Size in the Muay-thai. CONCLUSION: The bilateral asymmetry happened between the two types of sports, therefore, with more emphasis on the Muay-thai group, possibly due to the constant use of the feet when kicking with both the left foot and the right foot

Effect of the COVID-19 quarantine on body mass among combat sports athletes / Efecto de la cuarentena de la COVID-19 sobre el peso corporal de los practicantes de deportes de combate

INTRODUCTION: to combat the COVID-19 pandemic governments have adopted measures such as quarantine and social distancing. OBJECTIVE: the main objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on body mass in combat sports athletes. METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, multi-center study that evaluated 234 men (mean age and standard deviation, 29 ± 10 years) residing in Argentina (n = 38); Bolivia (n = 1); Brazil (n = 105); Chile (n = 30); El Salvador (n = 1); Spain (n = 22); Mexico (n = 22) and Peru (n = 15). Of these, 12 practiced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), 54 boxing, 67 judo, 13 karate, 52 kick boxing & muay thai (KB & MT), 9 mixed martial arts (MMA), and 27 taekwondo (TKD). An online survey was created using Google Forms. It was implemented between April 4th and April 17th, 2020. Athletes were consulted about their body mass before starting the quarantine and after 20 ± 5 days of quarantine. RESULTS: athletes in all combat sports were heavier during quarantine as compared to pre-quarantine (p < 0.001, d = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: combat sports athletes experienced an increase in body mass during the COVID-19 quarantine

INTRODUCCIÓN: para combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, los gobiernos han adoptado medidas como la cuarentena y el distanciamiento social. OBJETIVO: el principal objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto de la cuarentena por COVID-19 sobre la masa corporal en atletas de deportes de combate. MÉTODOS: realizamos un estudio transversal, prospectivo y multicéntrico que evaluó a 234 hombres (media de edad y desviación estándar, 29 ± 10 años) que residen en Argentina (n = 38); Bolivia (n = 1); Brasil (n = 105); Chile (n = 30); El Salvador (n = 1); España (n = 22); México (n = 22) y Perú (n = 15). De estos, 12 practicaban jiu-jitsu brasileño (BJJ), 54 boxeo, 67 judo, 13 karate, 52 kick boxing y muay thai (KB y MT), 9 artes marciales mixtas (MMA) y 27 taekwondo (TKD). Se creó una encuesta en línea usando Google Forms. Se implementó entre el 4 y el 17 de abril de 2020. Se preguntó a los deportistas sobre su masa corporal antes de comenzar la cuarentena y después de 20 ± 5 días de cuarentena. RESULTADOS: los atletas de todos los deportes de combate resultaron más pesados durante la cuarentena que durante la precuarentena (p < 0,001, d = 0,12). CONCLUSIONES: los atletas de deportes de combate presentaron una mayor masa corporal durante la cuarentena a causa de la COVID-19

Dolor en el entrenamiento en el karate de competición. Estudio de prevalencia / Pain in Competitive Karate during Training. Prevalence Study

OBJETIVOS: conocer la prevalencia de dolor derivada del entrenamiento en karatekas de competición y su relación con los factores antropométricos y deportivos. MÉTODOS: Estudio de prevalencia. Un total de 56 karatekas cumplimentaron un cuestionario al finalizar su entrenamiento de karate. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del dolor ha sido del 67.9%. Se ha demostrado que la rodilla es la zona más prevalente en relación con el dolor (31%) y con la sensación subjetiva de inestabilidad (50%). Se han encontrado relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el dolor y la edad (p = 0.04), el Índice de Masa Corporal (p = 0.045), el grado de cinturón (p = 0.017) y la frecuencia de entrenamiento de karate (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONES: el dolor en karatekas de competición durante los entrenamientos muestra una alta prevalencia en la muestra estudiada. Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa en el dolor en los karatekas con un mayor índice de masa corporal, mayor edad, mayor grado de cinturón y mayor frecuencia de entrenamiento

OBJECTIVES: to find out the pain prevalence in competitive karate practitioners derived from training and its relation to anthropometric and sports factors. METHODS: prevalence study. A total of 56 karate practitioners completed a questionnaire at the end of their karate training. RESULTS: the pain prevalence was 67.9%. The knee has been shown to be the most prevalence zone related to pain (31%) as well as related to instability subjective feeling (50%). There were significant statistical correlations between pain and age (p = 0.04), Body Mass Index (p = 0.045), belt level (p = 0.017) and karate training frequency (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: the pain in competitive karate practitioners during training shows a high prevalence in the sample studied. There was a statistically significant correlation in pain in karate practitioners with higher body mass index, higher age, higher belt level and higher karate training frequency