Barriers to disengagement from an athletic career: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with retired elite-level female footballers / Barreras que conducen a la desvinculación en la trayetória deportiva: un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo con futbolistas de élite retiradas / Obstáculos ao desinvestimento na carreira atlética: Uma análise fenomenológica interpretativa com ex-jogadoras de futebol de elite

En el contexto de la práctica deportiva, tan pronto como se pasa el período ideal para alcanzar ciertasmetas y la inversión en una meta ya no es alcanzable, la desinversión en una determinada meta bloqueada y la reinversión en metas alternativas contribuirán a un desarrollo adaptativo, como argumentan las teorías de autorregulación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar las barreras experimentadas por cuatro ex jugadoras de fútbol de élite durante su período de adaptación a largo plazo. Eneste sentido, el presente estudio se desarrolló de acuerdo con los principios del análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Los resultados sugieren que los ex deportistas tuvieron dificultades para desprenderse de sus objetivos profesionales durante la transición a la retirada del deporte, habiendo enumerado cuatro razones: i) elmiedo a ser olvidados; ii) el intentode crear un vínculo para una futura implicación como futuras entrenadoras; iii) la creencia de que como practicantes disfrutan de un rol muy gratificante; iv) la presión social para seguir practicando a un nivel deportivo de élite. Estos resultados muestran que con el acercamiento de la edad de retiro, las atletas pueden beneficiarse de intervenciones psicológicas que ayuden a esta transición de carrera.(AU)

Once the optimal age for achieving certain goals has passed and the investmentin a goal is no longer possible, self-regulation theories claim that disengagement from the goal and re-engagement in alternative goals will contribute to adaptive development. The present study explored the barriers experienced by four retired female elite-level footballers when adapting to retirement in the long term. To achieve this, the study was designed according to the principles of InterpretativePhenomenological Analysis. Our findings suggest that the ex-athletes found it difficult to disengage from their career goals during their transitions out of elite sport and listed four main reasons for this: i) the fear of being forgotten; ii) the attempt to create a link for future involvement as future coaches; iii) the belief that as practitioners they enjoy a very rewarding role in terms of achievement; iv) the social pressure to continue practicing at an elite sporting level. These findings suggest athletes approaching retirement might benefit from support interventions to help prevent distress and to promote well-being during their transitions out of elite sport. Therefore, clubs and federations should encourage and foster the development of adequate career transition programs, to achieve a fairer environment and a better quality of life for the players.(AU)

No contexto da prática desportiva, assim que o período ideal para que os praticantes alcancem determinadas metas é ultrapassado e o investimento em um objetivo já não é passível de ser alcançado, o desinvestimento em determinado objetivo bloqueado e o reinvestimento em objetivos alternativos poderá contribuir para um desenvolvimento adaptativo, conforme sustentam as teorias da autorregulação. O presente estudo teve como propósito explorar as principais barreiras experienciadas por quatro ex-atletas de futebol de elite durante o seu período de adaptação a longo prazo. Para tal recorreu-se aos princípios da análise fenomenológica interpretativa. Os resultados sugerem que as ex-atletas apresentaram dificuldades em desinvestir dos objetivos de carreira durante a transição para a reforma da prática desportiva, tendo para tal elencado quatrorazões principais: i) o medo de serem esquecidas; ii) a tentativa de criarem uma ligação para um futuro envolvimento enquanto futuras treinadoras; iii) a crença de que enquanto praticantes usufruem de umpapel deveras gratificante em termos de realização;iv) a pressão social para continuarem a praticar ao nível do desporto de elite. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, com a aproximação da idade da reforma, as atletas podem beneficiar de intervenções psicológicas que facilitem a transição de carreira e previnam elevados níveis de stresse, promovendo-se o bem-estar durante a respetiva transição. Deste modo, afigura-se recomendável que tanto clubes como federações encorajem e fomentem o desenvolvimento deprogramas adequados de transição de carreira, em nome de um mais justo enquadramento e de uma melhor qualidade de vida dos praticantes desportivos.(AU)

Observing the Clinical Outcomes of Single Port Endoscopic Posterolateral TLIF in Retired Athletes

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of single port endoscopic posterolateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in athletic patients. Methods Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical information of 82 athletic patients suffering from degenerative scoliosis who were operated at our hospital's spine surgery department from April 2020 to December 2021. They were split into an observing and a controlling group using the random number table approach, with 41 cases per group. The controlling group had open TLIF therapy, whereas the observing group received single-hole endoscopic TLIF. Both groups' operational indicators were scrutinized. We contrasted the preoperative and postoperative results of both groups for the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA), Cobb angle, lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Both groups' postoperative bone graft fusion was seen. Results Athletic Patients in the observing group underwent operations with considerably less time and blood loss versus to those in the controlling group (P <0.05). In terms of surgical drainage volume and hospital stay, there was no clinically meaningful variation among both groups (P > 0.05). The VAS and ODI scores of both groups were substantially lower after surgery than before, whereas the JOA score was substantially greater (P <0.05). After the procedure, the observing group's VAS and ODI scores were substantially lower versus to those of the controlling group, although their JOA scores were substantially higher (P <0.05). (AU)

Evaluation of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Influenza Virus-Positive Respiratory Samples in Retired Fitness Players

The use of Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) as a diagnostic tool for respiratory infections, particularly in the context of retired fitness players, presents a novel avenue for optimizing healthcare and wellness in this unique population. Respiratory illnesses, including influenza, can have profound effects on the health and performance of retired athletes, making accurate and timely diagnosis paramount. In this study, we aimed to assess the applicability of mNGS in diagnosing influenza virus infections in retired fitness players. We collected and analyzed respiratory samples from this specific cohort, leveraging mNGS technology. Our research focused on evaluating mNGS's potential as a diagnostic tool compared to conventional methods. Our findings underscored the remarkable capabilities of mNGS. When compared to traditional diagnostic techniques, mNGS demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting influenza virus-positive respiratory samples in retired fitness players. Additionally, mNGS facilitated the identification of not only known influenza strains but also previously undetected viral variants, offering a comprehensive view of the viral landscape. The utilization of mNGS as a diagnostic tool in the care of retired fitness players holds great promise in enhancing their health monitoring and overall well-being. This technology can aid in the early detection and precise characterization of respiratory infections, contributing to the timely implementation of targeted interventions and improving the quality of healthcare for this unique and health-conscious population. (AU)

Jubilación, una mirada amable en El médico de Budapest (2020) / Retirement, a Kind View in Zárójelentés (2020)

Contrariamente al significado etimológico de la palabra, la jubilación no siempre representa un periodo de alegría. Hasta una tercera parte de los trabajadores encuentran dificultades para adaptarse a esta nueva situación. La profesión y los antecedentes laborales, el grado de identificación y satisfacción con las tareas desarrolladas, así como una adecuada anticipación y expectativas de futuro condicionarán el éxito en el tránsito a la nueva situación, así como el pleno disfrute de la nueva etapa. El relato que de la jubilación hacemos parte, por supuesto, de nuestro punto de vista como trabajadores de la sanidad con las peculiaridades que ello pueda representar. (AU)

Contrary to the etymological meaning of the word, retirement not necessarily represents a period of joy. Up to a third of workers find it difficult to adapt to this new situation. The job role and work history, the level of identification and satisfaction with the tasks developed; as well as an adequate anticipation and future expectations will determine the success in the transition and full enjoyment of the new stage. The story we offer about retirement, draws, of course, from our point of view as national health workers with the peculiarities this may entail. (AU)

Relación entre la identidad atlética y la satisfacción con la vida en función del motivo de retiro del fútbol profesional / Relationship between Athletic Identity, and Life Satisfaction as function of the motive for retirement from professional soccer

Aunque la identidad atlética y el motivo de retiro se consideran variables claves para comprender el retiro deportivo, existen resultados contradictorios con respecto a su relación con la satisfacción con la vida y sus posibles implicaciones en una vivencia negativa del retiro. En este estudio participaron 108 futbolistas retirados del fútbol profesional inglés quienes respondieron a la Athletic Identity Measurement Scale y la Satisfaction with Life Scale. Los resultados fueron analizados a través de pruebas de contraste de hipótesis y correlaciones bivariadas. No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, pero el análisis correlacional sugiere que la relación entre estas variables cambia en función del motivo de retiro. Se discuten las implicaciones de estas diferencias tanto en la experiencia y preparación del retiro como en posibles intervenciones posterior a éste. (AU)

While Athletic identity and the different reasons for sports retirement have been considered key variables to understand how athletes cope with sports career termination, the relationship between these and life satisfaction remains inconclusive. A total of 108 male individuals retired from English professional football (soccer) were part of this study. Their answers to the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were analyzed through statistical hypotheses tests and bivariate correlations. Although no statistical differences were found between the groups, correlational analyses suggest that the relationship between athletic identity and life satisfaction changes depending on the reason for retirement. The implications of these findings in the development of interventions for athletes near to retire is discussed. (AU)

Cine-debate en casa: una experiencia de preparación para la jubilación en tiempos de Covid-19 / Cinema-debate at home: an experience of preparation for retirement in the time of Covid-19

Objetivo: conocer los efectos del cine-debate en casa, en los significados culturales del concepto de jubilación y en las vivencias de retiro laboral, en una familia mexicana, confinada por la pandemia de Covid-19. Metodología: estudio descriptivo exploratorio con intervención pre-experimental, evaluación pre-test, intermedia y post-test. Participaron cuatro mujeres, tres retiradas del trabajo y su nieta universitaria. El programa de intervención se integró con un ciclo de cine de ocho películas para jubilados. En el pre-test y post-test se usaron las listas libres y se analizaron a través del modelo de los dominios culturales. Para la evaluación intermedia se usó el grupo focal, sus datos obtenidos se analizaron con fundamento en la fenomenología. Resultados: las participantes ampliaron y resignificaron su significado cultural sobre el concepto de jubilación. Antes de la intervención, definieron el concepto como descanso, retiro y tranquilidad. Después de la intervención, les significó felicidad y tranquilidad. Reflexionaron sobre su propio proceso de retiro laboral y tomaron conciencia de la problemática social de la jubilación. La proyección secuencial de las películas contribuyó positivamente en los resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones: en tiempos de pandemia se puede continuar con la formación para la jubilación a través del cine-debate en casa. (AU)

Objective: to know the effects of the cinema-debate at home, in the cultural meanings of the concept of retirement and on the experiences of retirement, in a Mexican family, confined by the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: exploratory descriptive study with pre-experimental intervention, pre-test, intermediate and post-test evaluation. Four women participated, three retirees and their university granddaughter. The intervention program was integrated with a cinema series of eight films for retirees. In the pre-test and post-test, the free lists were used and analyzed through the model of cultural domains. For the intermediate evaluation, the focus group was used, its data obtained were analyzed based on phenomenology. Results: the participants expanded and re-signified their cultural meaning on the concept of retirement. Before the intervention, they defined the concept as rest, retirement and tranquility. After the intervention, it meant happiness and tranquility. They reflected on their own retirement process and became aware of the social problems of retirement. The sequential projection of the films contributed positively to the results obtained. Conclusions: in times of pandemic, retirement training can be continued through cinema-debate at home. (AU)

Sustainable employability in the mid and late career: an integrative review / La empleabilidad sostenible en las etapas media y final de la vida laboral: una revisión integradora

In the last decade, interest in investigating the sustainable employability (SE) of older workers has gained ground, generating a significant number of theoretical and empirical contributions. However, the construct of SE lacks a definition accepted by the scientific community and unified measurement criteria, which has led to results that, so far, do not allow us to draw solid conclusions on its relevance. The aim of this integrative review is twofold. Firstly, we review the theoretical formulations and definitions proposed, as well as the main empirical results of the studies and interventions on SE. Our review includes 31 studies (26 empirical and five theoretical; total sample size N = 33,368). Secondly, proposals and suggestions are offered aimed at integrating the previous results and advancing in the definition, operationalization, and measurement of SE, with the ultimate goal of increasing its value for future research in the mid-and late-career domain (AU)

En la última década, el interés por investigar la empleabilidad sostenible (ES) de los trabajadores mayores ha ganado terreno, generando numerosas contribuciones teóricas y empíricas. Sin embargo, el constructo de ES carece de una definición aceptada por la comunidad científica y de criterios de medida unificados, lo que ha conducido a resultados que hasta ahora no proporcionan conclusiones sólidas sobre su relevancia, su uso y sus implicaciones. Esta revisión integradora tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, realizamos una revisión de sus conceptualizaciones y formulaciones teóricas, incluyendo los resultados empíricos de los estudios e intervenciones sobre la SE. Nuestra revisión integradora incluye 31 estudios (26 empíricos y cinco teóricos/revisiones; tamaño total de la muestra N = 33,368). A continuación, proponemos un modelo teórico alternativo de la SE que pretende integrar los resultados anteriores y avanzar en la definición, operacionalización y medición de este relevante constructo, con el objetivo último de incrementar su valor de cara a futuras investigaciones sobre los factores implicados en las etapas medias y finales de la carrera profesional (AU)

Los cirujanos y la vejez / Surgeons and old age

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Análisis de la jubilación médica en Barcelona. ¿Cansados de ejercer? / Analysis of medical retirement in Barcelona. Tired of professional practice?

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El papel de la enfermería comunitaria en la preparación para la jubilación activa / The role of community nursing in preparation for active retirement

El tránsito hacia la jubilación esperada genera alternativas y posibilidades que pueden afectar al bienestar biopsíquico, y que está relacionado con los índices de satisfacción vital y de calidad de vida de las personas mayores. El enfoque, las expectativas y la situación real con la que se encuentra la persona jubilada pueden necesitar estrategias de encauzamiento en esta etapa de la vida, y son un reto para el individuo, para los profesionales de la salud y para la sociedad. El Sistema Nacional de Salud no contempla programas específicos de preparación para la jubilación en la cartera de servicios de Atención Primaria. En la preparación para esta etapa, además de las cuestiones económicas, hay que prestar especial atención a los factores psicológicos específicos que tienen consecuencias para la salud. Aprovechando las estrategias de envejecimiento activo como proceso de optimización de las oportunidades, la enfermera especialista en Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria ha de tomar un papel proactivo y preparar a la población diana para esta etapa de sus vidas. Se proponen tres ejes de actuación basados en las oportunidades, el desarrollo de habilidades personales y sociales y la promoción de la salud y la prevención; desde el empoderamiento para la salud, para lo que es necesario el diseño de programas liderados por enfermeras

The transition to the expected retirement generates alternatives and possibilities that can affect the biopsyic well-being, and it's related to the indices of life satisfaction and quality of life of the elderly. The approach, expectations and the real situation that the retiree is facing may need channeling strategies at this stage of life, and it is a challenge for the individual, for health professionals and for society. The National Health System does not contemplate specific retirement preparation programs in the Primary Care services.In preparing for this stage, in addition to economic issues, special attention must be given to specific psychological factors that have health consequences. Taking advantage of active aging strategies as a process for optimizing opportunities, nurses in family and community healthcare must take a proactive role and prepare the target population for this stage of their lives. Three strategic aims are proposed based on opportunities, the development of personal and social skills and the promotion of health and prevention; from the empowerment to health, for which it is necessary to design programs led by nurses

Views about getting older as predictors to self-esteem of professionals nearing retirement

Objective: This study aimed to measure the participants’ views on aging, as well as their self-esteem. More so, it sought to determine if views of getting older significantly predicts the self-esteem of professionals nearing retirement. Method: A descriptive correlation design was used. Through convenience sampling, 100 professionals nearing retirement were recruited and asked to answer the Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and multiple regressions were used. Results: The results revealed that both emotional representations and consequences positive statistically and significantly predicted self-esteem. This means that when individuals think less of the mentioned emotions, the higher their self-esteem will be. Conclusions: The findings of this study emphasized the importance of maintaining aged person's self-worth, identity, sense of purpose and self-esteem which are usually lost prior to retirement. It highlights the most common age-related changes usually experienced by aged person

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Índice de Capacidad de Trabajo (ICT) en personal sanitario de edad avanzada e intención de jubilación anticipada / Work Ability Index in Healthcare Elderly Workers and Early Retirement Intention

Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en el que participaron de manera voluntaria trabajadores sanitarios, estatutarios de 62 a 64 años de un hospital terciario. El objetivo fue identificar la relación entre el nivel de Índice de Capacidad para el Trabajo (ICT) con sus intenciones de jubilación anticipada voluntaria. Para lo cual se aplicó el cuestionario, traducido, del ICT del Instituto Finlandés de salud ocupacional y otro cuestionario con preguntas de corte sociolaboral. Participaron 56 trabajadores (médicos, personal de enfermería y auxiliares de enfermería). Observamos que el 100% de los que tenían un ICT deteriorado tenían intenciones de jubilarse anticipadamente (Fisher p: 0,019). Las Intenciones de jubilación anticipada fueron disminuyendo según aumentaba la edad (X2 para tendencia línea: 4,61; p =0 ,03). El 73% de las auxiliares de enfermería tenían intenciones de jubilarse anticipadamente, seguido del 65% del personal de enfermería y el 14, 2% de médicos (Fisher p: 0,019). Más del 50% de los trabajadores que pretendían una jubilación anticipada trabajaban a turno rotatorio y de estos el 79% tenía intenciones de jubilación anticipada a diferencia de otros turnos (Fisher p 0,048). El trabajo en turno rotatorio comprende un riesgo tres veces mayor de plantearse una jubilación anticipada que el resto de turnos (OR: 3,8; 95 % CI: 1,13- 12,6; p = 0,0298)

A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in which health workers voluntarily participated, these were statutory staff from 62 to 64 years from a tertiary referral hospital Objective: To identify the relationship between the Level of Work Ability Index (WAI) with their voluntary early retirement intentions. To this end, the questionnaire, translated from the WAI of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health together with another questionnaire with socio-labor questions, was applied. Results: 56 workers participated (physicians, nursing assistants and nurses). We found out that 100% of those with an impaired WAI had the intention to retire early (Fisher p: 0.019). The Early Retirement Intentions were decreasing as the age increased (X2 for trend line: 4.61, p = 0.03). 73% of nursing assistants followed by 65% of nurses and 14. 2% of physicians (Fisher p: 0.019) intended to retire early. More than 50% of the workers who had intentions of early retirement worked on a rotating shift and 79% of them had intentions of early retirement unlike other shifts (Fisher p 0.048). Swift work has 3 times more risk of considering early retirement than the rest of the shifts (OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.13 - 12.6, p = 0.0298)

Desigualdades sociales en salud en población mayor: una aportación desde la salud pública al debate sobre el retraso de la edad de jubilación en España / Social inequalities in health in the older population: an insight into the debate on delayed retirement age in Spain from a public health perspective

Objetivo: Analizar las desigualdades en la esperanza de vida según el nivel educativo en la población española de 65 y más años. Método: Estudio transversal para la población española de 65 y más años. Se calculó la esperanza de vida total y con buena salud mediante la combinación de datos de mortalidad, salud y población. Resultados: Entre las personas de 65 y más años, tener menor nivel de estudios supuso vivir menos años totales y con buena salud, y un mayor número de años con mala salud. Las mujeres esperaron vivir más años, pero una mayor proporción de ellos con mala salud. Discusión: La perspectiva de las desigualdades en salud debe considerarse en el debate sobre el retraso en la edad de jubilación

Objective: To analyse the inequalities in life expectancy in the Spanish population over the age of 65 according to educational level. Method: Cross sectional study on the Spanish population aged 65 years and over. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were calculated combining mortality, health and population data. Results: People aged 65 and over with a lower educational level had shorter lives, with fewer years of good health and more years of poor health. Women lived longer, but with proportionally more years of poor health. Discussion: Social inequalities in health must be considered in the current debate on delaying the age of retirement

Validity evidence of the retirement resources inventory

The current populational aging context requires that society reflect on the variables related with well-being and discuss ways of how to ensure them. The Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002) posits that individuals who possess more material or social resources are more capable of resolving conflicts and dealing with stressful situations, thus maintaining good levels of well-being. However, there is a lack of instruments aimed at measuring the necessary resources for retirement well-being. The objective of this study was to translate and analyse the psychometric qualities of the Retirement Resources Inventory (RRI) (Leung & Earl, 2012) as applied to 1002 Brazilian retirees. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were undertaken using two independent subsamples consisting of 401 and 601 retirees respectively. Two viable models arose from the exploratory analysis: A five-factor model, χ2(gl) = 816.644 (271); CFI = 0.88; GFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.07; R2 = 0.55; and a six-factor model, χ2(gl) = 1028.291 (400); CFI = 0.88; GFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.03; R2= 0.53, with good fit indices, but similar to each other. Confirmatory analysis pointed towards an instrument consisting of 29 items and five factors with good fit indices, χ2(gl) = 1,274(364); CFI = 0.87; TLI: 0.86; RMSEA: 0.06, corroborating the model proposed by Wang and Shultz (2010). The analyses also highlighted the need for actions that take into account the gender, age and region of the country where the retiree lives. Future cross-cultural studies are recommended seeing that retirement planning is an emerging issue that affects the world as a whole

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Necesidades formativas percibidas al envejecer. Cómo afrontar un envejecimiento saludable / Educational perceived needs when aging. How to face a healthy aging

Objetivo: Explorar necesidades formativas percibidas por las personas mayores de 60 años al envejecer y conocer los beneficios o barreras de participar en cursos de formación dirigidos a ellos. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con grupos focales realizado en áreas básicas de salud y un centro social de Mataró (Barcelona). Se estudiaron 29 sujetos divididos en: personas mayores de 60 años que acudían a un centro de atención primaria y personas mayores de 60 de una asociación de personas mayores. Se organizaron 4 grupos focales estratificados por segmentos. Se transcribieron las grabaciones elaborando categorías, se codificaron y analizaron. Resultados: Los participantes tenían vidas plenas, apoyos emocionales y vínculos positivos con su comunidad y familia. Manifestaron que es importante planificar el envejecimiento y actividades para realizar al jubilarse. Conclusión: Es necesario recibir formación al envejecer. Principales barreras: obligación de cuidar, falta de tiempo y coste económico

Objective: To explore formative needs perceived by people older than 60 years when aging and to know the benefits and/or barriers of participating in training courses focused on them. Methods: Qualitative study with focus groups made in basic areas of primary care and a social center of Mataró (Barcelona).29 subjects were studied, divided into: people over 60 years attending a primary care center and people over 60 belonging to an association of elderly. 4 focus groups stratified by segments were organized. The recordings were transcribed elaborating categories, they were codified and analyzed. Results: The participants had full lives, emotional support and positive links with their community and family. They stated that it is important to plan aging and activities to do when retiring. Conclusions: To receive training is needed when aging. Main barriers: obligation to take care of, lack of time, economic cost

Viudedad, soledad y salud en la vejez / Widowhood, loneliness, and health in old age

Introducción. Las personas mayores constituyen uno de los grupos de población más vulnerables al sentimiento de soledad, particularmente aquellas que viven en solitario. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar su incidencia entre ellas, considerando la pérdida de la pareja como principal factor desencadenante. Material y métodos. Mostramos los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada en España que utiliza el grupo de discusión como técnica de recogida de información (8 grupos de discusión, diferenciando por sexo y lugar de residencia) y la teoría fundamentada como técnica de análisis. Resultados. Las personas mayores describen cómo experimentan el sentimiento de soledad tras enviudar. La muerte de la pareja genera un vacío emocional imposible de rellenar y que notan especialmente de noche. Dejando atrás matrimonios duraderos, se encuentran con la soledad tanto residencial como interna, originándose en muchos casos trastornos depresivos. Con respecto a la salud también hemos constatado una sensación de indefensión, pues temen sufrir un accidente o una enfermedad repentina estando solas en casa, así como otra de incertidumbre hacia el futuro, cuando piensan en quién podrá ocuparse de ellas si necesitan ser cuidadas. Ambas contribuyen a activar el sentimiento interno de soledad. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados profundizan en la estrecha relación existente entre el sentimiento de soledad, la viudedad y la salud en la vejez, aportando un conocimiento de naturaleza cualitativa que viene a complementar lo que sabíamos de ella mediante encuestas u otras herramientas cuantitativas de investigación social

Introduction. Elderly people are one of the most vulnerable groups in the population as regards loneliness, especially among those living alone. This paper aims to assess the impact of the feeling of loneliness on the elderly, taking into account that the loss of a spouse is the main reason that triggers this feeling. Material and methods. Findings are presented from a qualitative study conducted in Spain. Data were gathered using a focus group approach (8 focus groups, differentiated by gender and place of residence). The data were analysed from a Grounded Theory perspective. Results. Elderly people describe how they experience the feeling of loneliness after becoming widowed. The loss of the spouse brings an emotional vacuum that is impossible to be filled, especially at night. After long-lasting marriages, these older people are confronted with loneliness, both in the home and internally, which very often triggers depressive disorders. As regards health, 2 types of feelings were observed. On the one hand, there is helplessness for fear of accidents or unexpected illnesses when alone at home. On the other hand, they feel uncertainty about the future, as they wonder who will look after them in case of need. Both feelings contribute to activate loneliness. Conclusions. Our findings add to the available knowledge about the close relationship between loneliness, widowhood, and health in old age, and provide qualitative knowledge to supplement what we already know about that relationship through surveys and other quantitative techniques used in social research

Estudio MESGI50: descripción de una cohorte sobre la madurez y el envejecimiento satisfactorio / Mesgi50 study: description of a cohort on maturity and satisfactory ageing

Objetivo: Describir las principales características demográficas, de salud y socioeconómicas de los participantes en el Estudio sobre la Madurez y el Envejecimiento Satisfactorio en Girona (estudio MESGI50). Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico poblacional vinculado a la Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). La población de referencia fueron los habitantes de la provincia de Girona de 50 y más años de edad. Se utilizó un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados bietápico estratificado según el número de habitantes y el grado de envejecimiento de la población. Resultados: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 28 municipios según su tipo (demográficamente envejecidos o jóvenes) y estratificados según el número de habitantes. La tasa de respuesta fue del 65%, con una media de 1,7 sujetos elegibles por hogar y una muestra final de 2065 hogares y 3331 participantes. El efecto del diseño fue de 1,27. El 52,9% eran mujeres y la media de edad era de 66,9 años (desviación estándar: 11,5). La salud autorreferida, la fuerza de agarre manual, la limitación en las actividades de la vida diaria y la sintomatología depresiva aumentaron con la edad y de forma más acusada en las mujeres. Se observaron diferencias en el consumo de alcohol y en los patrones de alimentación según el ámbito de residencia. Conclusiones: Las características demográficas, de salud y socioeconómicas durante el proceso de envejecimiento son distintas según los grupos de edad, el sexo y el ámbito de residencia (AU)

Objective: To describe the demographic, health and socio-economic characteristics of the participants in the Study on Maturity and Satisfactory Ageing in Girona (MESGI50 study). Methods: Population-based Study linked to the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The reference population was the inhabitants of the province of Girona (Spain) aged 50 and over. A probabilistic two-stage stratified cluster sampling according to the number of inhabitants and the degree of ageing of the population was used. Results: Twenty-eight municipalities were randomly selected according to their type (demographically aged or young), and then stratified by the population size. The response rate was 65% with a mean of 1.7 eligible individuals per household and a final sample of 2,065 households and 3,331 participants. The design effect was 1.27. 52.9% were women and the mean age was 66.9 years (SD=11.5). The self-rated health status, hand grip strength, restriction in daily life activities and depressive symptomatology increased with age and more markedly in women. There were differences in alcohol consumption and eating patterns depending on the area of residence. Conclusions: The demographic, health and socio-economic characteristics during the ageing process differ depending on age group, gender, and area of residence (AU)

Ganancias y pérdidas de la jubilación: revisión integradora / Profit and loss of retirement: integrative review

Objetivo: analizar las publicaciones que tratan sobre el tema ganancias y pérdidas de la jubilación. Método: revisión descriptiva de la bibliografía, realizada en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Análisis de Literatura Médica y Sistema de Recuperación en Línea (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Public Medline, Google Académico, Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud y Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud de Psicología, incluyendo artículos científicos publicados entre 2003 y 2013 a partir de los descriptores pérdida, beneficios de la jubilación, jubilación, jubilado, sentimiento. Resultados: se identificaron 66 artículos, de los cuales nueve están incluidos en este estudio (siete son publicaciones brasileñas, una chilena y otra española). El análisis de las publicaciones demostró que las ganancias y las pérdidas de la jubilación han sido debatidas bajo el enfoque de los campos familiar, económico, social y psicológico. Conclusión: El análisis y la comprensión de los aspectos relacionados con las ganancias y las pérdidas derivadas de la jubilación son esenciales para buscar estrategias que ayuden a los trabajadores a enfocarse en los aspectos positivos y no en los negativos

Objective: to analyze the publications that addressed the theme of gains and losses of retirement. Method: integrative literature review, conducted in the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Public Medline, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Virtual Health Library and Virtual Health Library on Psychology, including scientific papers published between 2003 and 2013, from the keywords: loss; retirement benefits; retirement; retired; feeling. Results: 66 articles were identified, and nine of them were included in this study, where seven were Brazilian publications, one Chilean and one Spanish. The analysis of the publications proved that the gains and losses of retirement have been discussed in the light of the familial, financial, social and psychological fields. Conclusion: the reflection about the advantages and disadvantages of retirement has been poorly explored in literature. Therefore, there is a need to deepen the studies with regard to this issue

Variables que influyen en la transición deportiva: Un estudio con futbolistas en activo y exfutbolistas de la primera división de la LFP / Variáveis que influenciam a transição desportiva: um estudo com jogadores ativos e exfutbolistas da primeira divisão da LFP / Variables which impact on sport transition: A study with active football players and former football players of the first division of LFP

En el presente trabajo se presenta un estudio retrospectivo y prospectivo de las variables que influyen en la transición deportiva y se pretenden comparar con las expectativas que tienen los deportistas en activo. La muestra está compuesta por 66 futbolistas y exfutbolistas del C.A. Osasuna y Real Sociedad de Fútbol y el cuestionario empleado es una adaptación al español del Cuestionario sobre Retirada Deportiva (ARQ), con dos versiones diferentes para jugadores y exjugadores. Los resultados muestran que la retirada de los exjugadores fue positiva. Entre los factores que tienen una influencia directa con la percepción de una buena adaptación, se encuentra que hayan obtenido sus objetivos deportivos; mientras que la retirada por descenso del rendimiento se valora como negativo. Los deportistas en activo no piensan en la retirada, pero creen que será positiva y necesitará poco ajuste. Los exjugadores encontraron en la transición más dificultades de las que creen que encontrarán los jugadores en activo. Igualmente, una de las estrategias más usadas por los exjugadores fue el mantenerse ocupado, mientras que los jugadores en activo piensan que será más útil seguir entrenando (AU)

This work presents a retrospective and prospective study of the variables which impact on sport transition and it aims to compare with the expectations of active athletics (sports people). The test is run over 66 football players and former football players from 'C.A Osasuna' and 'Real Sociedad de Futbol' and the questionnaire used is an adaptation in Spanish of the Sport Retirement Questionnaire (ARQ), with different versions for footballers and former footballers. the results show that the retirement of footballers was positive among the factors which were connected to a positive perception and a successful adaptation is whether the athletes felt that they had achieved their sporting objectives. In contrast, those athletes who had to retire as a result of a drop in performance had a negative view of their retirement. Active athletes don't think about retirement, but they believe it will be positive and that they will need little adjustment. These athletes found the transition more difficult than they had anticipated. Similarly, one of the strategies most used by former football players is to keep busy whereas active players think the best strategy would be to train more (AU)

Neste trabalho presentasse um estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo das variáveis que inflem na transacione desportiva e pretendesse comparar coas expectativas que tenen os desportistas en ativo. A amostra está composta por 66 futebolistas e exfutebolistas do C.A. Osasuna e da R. Sociedad de futebol e o questionário empelado e a adaptação ao espanhol do Cuestionario sobre Retirada Deportiva (ARQ), com duas versões diferentes para jogadores e ex-jogadores. Os resultados mostram que a retirada dos ex-jogadores foi positiva. Entre os fatores que temem uma influência direta coa percepção duma boa adaptação, encontrasse que obtiveram os seus objetivos desportivos; mentres que a retirada por descenso do rendimento desportivo valorasse negativamente. Os desportistas em ativo não pensam na retirada, mais creem que será positiva e que requererá pouco ajuste. Os ex-jogadores encontrarão na transição mais dificuldades que o que percebem os jogadores ativos. Igualmente, uma das estratégias que mais usadas pelos ex-jogadores foi manter-se ocupados, metres que os jogadores ativos consideram que será melhor seguir treinando (AU)