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2.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(1): e1-e3, ene. 2015. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186341

RESUMO

Mediante el análisis de un caso de discordancia entre el nivel de alfa-1-antitripsina (AAT) en suero y el genotipo para los alelos deficientes más frecuentemente asociados al déficit de AAT (PI*S y PI*Z), se ha identificado por primera vez fuera de Portugal un paciente que presenta el alelo nulo PI*Q0ourém, el cual ha sido asociado a casos graves de enfisema pulmonar. La puesta a punto de un ensayo clínico para la detección de la mutación c.1130insT, basado en sondas fluorescentes de tipo HybProbe(R), ha permitido detectar otros 4 sujetos portadores del alelo PI*Q0ourém entre un conjunto de 43 pacientes que mostraban niveles séricos de AAT anormalmente bajos atendiendo a su genotipo para los alelos PI*S y PI*Z. Puesto que 4 de los 5 casos se concentran en una misma localidad de la isla de La Palma (España), es aconsejable realizar estudios genéticos familiares y quizás un cribado poblacional localizado


By analysis of a case of discrepancy between serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) level and genotype for the most common defective alleles associated with AAT deficiency (PI*S and PI*Z), a patient carrying the allele PI*Q0ourém has been identified for the first time outside of Portugal. This null allele has been implicated in cases of severe pulmonary emphysema. After developing a clinical assay for detection of c.1130insT mutation, based on fluorescent probes (HybProbe(R)), another 4 carriers of PI*Q0ourém allele were identified among 43 patients with abnormally low serum AAT levels based on their genotypes for PI*S and PI*Z alleles. Since 4 out 5 cases are from the same locality (La Palma Island, Spain), it is advisable to conduct genetic analyses of affected families and, possibly, a focused population screening


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Técnicas de Genotipagem , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Degradação Associada com o Retículo Endoplasmático , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Espanha , alfa 1-Antitripsina/análise
3.
Int. microbiol ; 12(4): 227-236, dic. 2009. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-77875

RESUMO

The phylogenetic relationships of symbiotic bacteria from the xylophagous cockroach Cryptocercus (Cryptocercidae, Blattaria) were compared to those described in previous reports in lower termites. The 16S rDNA bacterial genes were PCR-amplified from DNA isolated from the entire hindgut using Bacteria-selective primers, and the 16S rDNA amplicons were cloned into Escherichia coli. The changes in the gut microbiota of Cryptocercus under three physiological conditions, «active», «fasting», and «dead», were studied. Analysis of the active-clone library revealed 45 new phylotypes (clones sharing >97% sequence identity were grouped into the same phylotype) from 54 analyzed clones. The clones were affiliated with the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate phylum Termite Group 1 (TG1). Clones belonging to Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, and TG1 phyla clustered with previously reported sequences obtained from the guts of several termites, suggesting that these clones are common constituents of the intestinal microbiota of lower termites and Cryptocercus. In the fasting-clone library, 19 new phylotypes, from 49 clones studied, were distinguished. The new phylotypes were affiliated with the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and the candidate phylum TM7. Finally, in the dead-clone library, 24 new phylotypes from 50 studied clones were found. The new phylotypes were affiliated with the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Thus, from active, to fasting, to dead physiological states, a decrease in the number of phyla present in the whole microbial gut was evident. However, in the dead physiological state, each phylum conserved contained more new phylotypes. This poses a taxophysiological paradox, because a stable, active physiological state of Cryptocercus-due to a continuous input of wood-supports a higher diversity of bacterial phyla, probably necessary to maintain a sharp O(2)-H(2) gradient in the gut. By contrast, in the dead state, nutrient input is limited to the residual gut microbiota that is killed by the newly oxic environment, thus providing a food source for other, aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria. This results in an increase in the internal diversity of the few remaining phyla (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Baratas/microbiologia , Baratas/fisiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia
4.
Int. microbiol ; 12(4): 237-242, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-77876

RESUMO

Freshwater magnetotactic cocci within Alphaproteobacteria are of ecological interest due to their ubiquitous distribution in aquatic environments as well as their potential roles in iron cycling and the bulk magnetism of sediment. To effectively investigate the diversity and distribution of these cocci, specific primers (FMTCf and FMTCr) were developed. Their specificity, applicability, and effectiveness were then evaluated theoretically and empirically (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Alphaproteobacteria/genética , Alphaproteobacteria/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos/genética , Alphaproteobacteria/fisiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular
5.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 27(9): 523-530, nov. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78707

RESUMO

El desarrollo de una vacuna preventiva contra el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana de tipo 1 (VIH-1) es una de las mayores esperanzas para el control de la pandemia en los próximos años. Sin embargo, es claro que una de las mayores dificultades de una vacuna contra el virus es su alta tasa de mutación, lo que le permite evadir la respuesta inmune del húesped. La producción de anticuerpos neutralizantes (AcN) contra la envoltura vírica parece tener un papel importante en el control de la infección y en la ejecución de una protección eficaz luego de la inmunización. Diversos trabajos han mostrado que el dominio V1/V2 de la glucoproteína 120 del VIH-1 se encuentra involucrado en el tropismo vírico durante la infección, en el enmascaramiento de epítopes neutralizantes conservados, en los cambios conformacionales tras la unión a los correceptores y en la inducción de AcN. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios enfocados sobre este dominio. Por otra parte, por ser uno de los dominios altamente glucosilados, numerosos estudios han determinado la influencia de los hidratos de carbono sobre la producción de AcN. Por tanto, la presente revisión está enfocada en la importancia de los AcN dirigidos contra epítopes de las regiones variables (principalmente V1/V2), su importancia en la protección contra la infección por el VIH-1, el papel que desempeñan esas regiones en la evasión de la respuesta inmune y, finalmente, se discute la importancia de los AcN en la búsqueda de una vacuna eficaz contra el virus (AU)


The development of a preventive vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) provides hope for control of the pandemic over the coming years. Nevertheless, it is clear that one of the greatest difficulties in achieving this vaccine is the high mutation rate of the virus, which enables it to evade the host's immune response. The production of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against the HIV-1 envelope proteins is believed to play an important role in controlling the infection and in providing effective protection following vaccination. Several studies have shown that the V1/V2 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein is involved in viral tropism during infection, in masking conserved neutralizing epitopes, in the conformational changes occurring after coreceptor binding, and in NAb induction. Nonetheless, this domain has been poorly investigated. However, because the V1/V2 domain is highly glycosylated, numerous studies have determined the influence of carbohydrates on NAb production. The present review focuses on the importance of NAb directed against epitopes of the variable regions, mainly V1/V2, their importance in protecting against HIV-1 infection, and the role these regions play in evading the immune response. Lastly, we will discuss the importance of NAb in the search for an effective vaccine against HIV-1 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Antígenos HIV/imunologia , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Reações Antígeno-Anticorpo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteína gp120 do Envelope de HIV/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética
6.
Int. microbiol ; 11(4): 267-274, dic. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-61314

RESUMO

Spirochetes are among the bacterial groups often observed in hydrogen-sulfide-rich layers of coastal microbial mats. However, relatively few spirochetes from these microbial mats have been described and characterized. We used 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis to investigate the spirochetal diversity of microbial mats from two locations in the western Mediterranean (Ebro Delta, Spain, and Camargue, France). Samples from each location were monitored in the spring and winter over a period of 1 to 2 years. In the sequence analysis of 332 clones derived from samples of both locations, 42 novel phylotypes of not-yet-cultivated spirochetes belonging to the genus Spirochaeta were detected. None of the phylotypes were identified as known culturable species of Spirochaeta or previously identified phylotypes cloned from other hypersaline microbial mat such as Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Eight of the phylotypes were common to Ebro and Camargue mats, and two (IF058 and LL066) were present both in spring and winter. Some phylotypes appeared to show seasonal variation, i.e., they were found only in the spring, but not in the winter. Ebro and Camargue phylotypes, like phylotypes from Guerrero Negro, grouped according to the vertical gradient of oxygen and sulfide in the mat. Some phylotypes, such as LH073, IE028, LH042, or LG013 were harbored in low H2S or H2S-O2 interface zone. In contrast, major phylotypes were detected in deeper layers and they were likely strict anaerobes and high tolerant to H2S. The presence of spirochetes in differently located microbial mats suggests that they constitute very diverse and stable populations involved in a well-integrated metabolic symbiosis (i.e., permanent physiological cooperation) with other guild populations in the mats, where they maintain a coordinated functional and stable community (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Spirochaeta/genética , Spirochaeta/patogenicidade , Biodiversidade , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Genes de RNAr/genética , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Spirochaeta/citologia , Spirochaeta/ultraestrutura , Mar Mediterrâneo , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA
7.
Int. microbiol ; 10(3): 193-199, sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-056711

RESUMO

Several microbial disease outbreaks in farm stocks of newly cultured sparid fish species, such as common seabream, redbanded seabream, and white seabream, were recorded from 2004 to 2006. This study describes the isolation and characterization of the potential causative agents, either bacteria or viruses, of these outbreaks. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized according to traditional taxonomical analyses and sequencing of a 16S rDNA fragment. Most bacteria were identified as Vibrio spp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae. The development of cytopathic effects (CPE) on different fish cell lines, the application of specific nested-PCR tests for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and subsequent sequence analyses were used for virus detection and identification. VNNV, related to the striped jack neural necrosis virus (SJNNV) genotype, and VHSV, related to the genotype Ia, were the only viruses detected. VNNV was isolated from the three fish species under study in five different outbreaks, whereas VHSV was isolated from common seabream and white seabream during two of these outbreaks. IPNV was not detected in any case (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Animais , Dourada/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dourada/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Aquicultura , Photobacterium/classificação , Novirhabdovirus/classificação , Photobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Novirhabdovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Linhagem Celular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA
8.
Int. microbiol ; 10(3): 201-208, sept. 2007. tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-056712

RESUMO

The members of the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum, which include many species that are resistant to extreme radiation, as well as several thermophiles, have been recognized solely on the basis of their branching patterns in 16S rRNA and other phylogenetic trees. No biochemical or physiological characteristic is currently known that is unique to this group of species. To identify genes/proteins that are exclusive of this group of species, systematic protein basic local alignment tool (Blastp) searches were carried out on each open reading frame (ORF) in the genome of Deinococcus radiodurans. These studies identified 65 proteins that were only found in all three sequenced Deinococcus-Thermus genomes (viz. D. radiodurans, D. geothermalis and Thermus thermophilus), but not in any other bacteria. In addition, these studies also identified 206 proteins that are exclusively found in the two Deinocococci species, and 399 proteins that are unique to D. radiodurans. The identified proteins, which represent a genetic repertoire distinctive to the Deinococcus-Thermus group, or to Deinococci species, provide novel molecular markers for their identification and characterization. The cellular functions of most of these proteins are not known and their studies should prove useful in identifying novel biochemical and physiological characteristics that are exclusive of these groups of bacteria and also those responsible for the extreme radiation resistance of Deinococci (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Deinococcus/classificação , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Thermus thermophilus/classificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Genoma Bacteriano , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Especificidade da Espécie
9.
Neurocir. - Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 18(4): 285-293, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70320

RESUMO

Objetivos. Analizar en tumores cerebrales, fundamentalmente de estirpe neuro-epitelial, la existencia de mutaciones en los cromosomas 1p y 19q por la técnica de análisis de la pérdida de hetero cigocidad (LOH). Un primer objetivo implícito fue poner a punto la técnica del análisis. Método. Hemos investigado la existencia de mutaciones en 3 alelos seleccionados del cromosoma 1p y en 2alelos del 19q de distintos tumores cerebrales de estirpeglial intervenidos de manera consecutiva en nuestro Centro desde Octubre de 2004 a Marzo de 2006. La metodología empleada ha sido la detección en ADN tumoral de tejido en fresco y en sangre del paciente del marcaje por PCR de amplificados y electroforesis analizando la pérdida de heterocigocidad de microsatélites, repeticiones de dinucleótidos, situados en D1S508, D1S2734, D1S199, D19S412 y D19S219. Resultados. Hemos incluido en esta primera fase de estudio un total de 45 muestras de pacientes intervenidos de tumores cerebrales supratentoriales de estirpe neuroepitelial y que incluyen: 29 glioblastomas, 1 gliosarcoma,7 astrocitomas grado II, 1 oligoastrocitoma, 3 oligodendrogliomas, 1 oligodendroglioma anaplásico,1 xantoastrocitoma, 1 tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico y 1 astrocitoma pilocítico. La presencia de mutación la hemos considerado cuando el índicealélico T1/ T2 era inferior a 0.8.Nl/N2 Por estirpe histológica destaca la presencia de mutaciónen un 80% de tumores oligodendrogliales, 14% deglioblastomas y 14% de astrocitomas fibrilares grado II. Conclusiones. La técnica de análisis de LOH en1p/19q es factible de realizar en centros que dispongan de técnicas de estudios genético-moleculares, con un alto índice de fiabilidad. De su resultado se desprende qué pacientes se pueden beneficiar del tratamiento con alquilantes añadiendo, a la terapia quirúrgica y/oradio terápica en uso hasta la fecha, una posibilidad de tratamiento con alto porcentaje de respuestas


Background. To analyze in cerebral tumors of neuroepithelial tissue 1p/19q codeletions by study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). A first implied objective was to get ready this molecular thecnique. Methods. We aimed to determine several deletion smapping 1p and 19q chromosomes, three allelic loss of1p and two allelic loss of 19q, in patients with cerebral tumors which were operated in our Deparment from October 2004 until March 2006. We have detected in blood and tumoral DNA loss of heterozygosity assay for molecular detection using PCR and capillary array electrophoresis of five markers (D1S508, D1S2734,D1S199, D19S412 y D19S219). Results. Were included in the first part of this study 45sample of neuroepithelial tissue supratentorial tumors:29 glioblastoma, 1 gliosarcoma, 7 diffuse astrocytomagrade II, 1 oligoastrocytoma, 3 oligodendroglioma, 1anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 1 xanthoastrocytoma, 1dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and 1 pilocyticastrocytoma. We considered deleted regions identified when allelic ratio T1/T2 was lower than 0.8. 80% of oligodendroglial tumors, 14% glioblastoma and14% of diffuse astrocytoma grade II. Conclusions. Evaluation of 1p/19q allelic status by LOH analysis may provide useful information for guiding clinical and therapeutical decisions with high succes ratio. These results shown why patients with1p/19q codeletion survive longer, because adjuvant alkylants adds further improvements to standard, surgery and radiotherapy, treatments


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 19 , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/genética , Mutação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Dados de Sequência Molecular , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Marcadores Genéticos , Sequência de Bases
10.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 9(7): 429-437, jul. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-123334

RESUMO

Molecular studies of many types of cancer have revealed that clinically evident tumours carry multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, including DNA sequence alterations, chromosome copy number changes and aberrant promoter hypermethylation. Together, these aberrant changes result in the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour-suppressor genes (TSG). In many cases these abnormalities can be found in premalignant lesions and even in histological normal adjacent cells. Many tumour types are difficult to detect early and are frequently resistant to available chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the early detection, chemoprevention and the design of new therapeutic strategies based on the increased understanding of cancer molecular changes are one of the great challenges nowadays. Insertions of a methyl group at the fifth carbon of cytosines within the dinucleotide 5'- CpG-3' is the best studied epigenetic mechanism. DNA methylation acts together with others mechanisms like histone modification, chromatin remodelling and microRNAs to mould the DNA structure according to the functional state required. The aberrant methylation of the CpG islands located at the promoter region of specific genes is a common and early event involved in cancer development. Thus, hypermethylated DNA sequences from tumours are one of the most promising markers for early detection screenings as well as tumour classification and chemotherapy response in many types of cancer (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Modelos Biológicos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Supressão Genética , Sequência de Bases , Ilhas de CpG/fisiologia , DNA/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Neoplasias/classificação
11.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 207(7): 352-364, jul. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057720

RESUMO

Las características epidémicas de la diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 suponen un importante reto asistencial, por el elevado impacto en el uso de los recursos sanitarios requeridos en su tratamiento, así como en la prevención y tratamiento de las complicaciones cardiovasculares asociadas, causa principal de la morbimortalidad relacionada con la DM, sin olvidar su impacto social y personal. En la actualidad disponemos de un número creciente de herramientas terapéuticas que nos permiten alcanzar el control glucémico deseable en la mayoría de nuestros pacientes, aunque sólo de forma transitoria en buena parte de los mismos, debido a la progresión de esta enfermedad; además con frecuencia la terapéutica actual se asocia a efectos no deseados, tales como el incremento de peso o la aparición de hipoglucemias, que limitan la optimización. Recientemente se ha incorporado al tratamiento de la DM un nuevo grupo de fármacos: los incretín-miméticos. Estos nuevos agentes tienen un efecto similar a las hormonas intestinales secretadas de forma natural tras la ingesta de nutrientes, denominadas incretinas (como por ejemplo el péptido 1 similar al glucagón [GLP-1]), con la ventaja añadida de ser moléculas resistentes a la degradación enzimática de la enzima dipeptidil peptidasa IV (DPP-IV), ofreciendo una semivida que permite un tratamiento de carácter ambulatorio, a diferencia de las incretinas naturales que exhiben una semivida demasiado corta para poder ser utilizadas. Los incretín-miméticos se unen a receptores de GLP-1, incrementando la secreción de la insulina y reduciendo la secreción posprandial de glucagón, en ambos casos de forma glucosa-dependiente, ralentizando el vaciamiento gástrico y reduciendo la ingesta de alimentos, mecanismos, todos ellos con un importante impacto sobre la homeostasis de la glucosa y un efecto beneficioso sobre el peso corporal. Además, estudios en modelos experimentales sugieren que estas nuevas moléculas podrían tener un prometedor efecto sobre la función y masa de la célula β del islote pancreático. Exenatida es el primer incretín-mimético disponible hasta la fecha. Los datos sobre eficacia y seguridad del fármaco lo convierten en una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de la DM tipo 2 (AU)


The epidemic characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) pose a formidable challenge in terms of healthcare, given the tremendous impact it has on the healthcare resources needed not only to treat it, but also to prevent and treat the associated cardiovascular complications. This makes up the number 1 cause of DM-associated morbidity-mortality in addition to its social and personal impact. We currently have a growing number of available treatment tools that make it possible to achieve the target glycemic control in most of our patients, albeit unfortunately, only temporarily in a good many of them, because of the progressive nature of the disease. Furthermore, current therapy often entails undesirable effects, such as weight gain or the emergence of hypoglycemias that limit their optimization. Recently, a new class of drugs has been incorporated into the treatment of DM ­ incretin mimetics. These new drugs act in very much the same way as the intestinal hormones that are naturally secreted following the intake of nutrients, called incretins (e.g., glucagon like peptide-1 [GLP-1]), with the added advantage that these molecules are resistant to enzymatic degradation by the DPP-IV enzyme. This provides them with a half-life that makes ambulatory treatment possible, unlike natural incretins whose half-life is too short to make them viable as treatment. The incretin mimetics bind to GLP-1 receptors, increasing glucose-dependent secretion of insulin and decreasing glucose-dependent posprandial secretion of glucagon, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing food intake. All these mechanisms have a significant impact on glucose homeostasis and a beneficial effect on body weight. Moreover, studies in experimental models suggest that these new molecules might have a promising effect on pancreatic β cell function and mass. Exenatide is the first incretin mimetic available to date. Efficacy and safety data of this drug show it as a therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 DM (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Peçonhas/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Hormônios Gastrointestinais/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo
12.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 21(7): 357-364, sept. 2006. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-138338

RESUMO

Introduction: Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, onset before 20 years, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. KSS has been associated to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. We report neurological manifestations and mtDNA deletions in KSS. Methods: Six KSS patients underwent neurological examination, biochemical analysis (muscle enzymes, lactate, cerebrospinal fluid analysis), electromicrography, muscle biopsy (Gomori stain, electronic microscopy), electrocardiogram, echocardiography, MRI/CT scan. MtDNA deletions were studied in blood and muscle samples using Southern blotting and long polymerase chain reaction. Results: Four males and two females (mean age: 27.7 years; range: 17-42; mean age at onset: 8.2 years) were studied. Initial symptoms were ptosis and gaze restriction, fatigue, exercise intolerance and proximal limb weakness. Syncope and neurosensory hypoacusia were initial symptoms in two patients. All of them presented a unique deletion in the mitochondrial genome, in heteroplasmy, and their size was in the range of 4,420 and 9,437 basis pairs. Three of these deletions are reported for the first time in this article. Most of the deletions are flanked by small direct repeats elements. Conclusions: Proximal muscle weakness and fatigue appear frequently in KSS patients during follow up. The syndrome in these patients has been caused by mtDNA deletions (AU)


Introducción. El síndrome de Kearns-Sayre (SKS) es un fenotipo mitocondrial caracterizado por oftalmoplejía externa progresiva, retinitis pigmentaria, inicio antes de los 20 años y fibras rojo rasgadas en la biopsia muscular y que ha sido asociado a mutaciones en el ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt). Métodos. Se realizaron exámenes neurológicos en seis pacientes con SKS, determinación de enzimas musculares y de lactato en sangre, análisis de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), electromiografía, biopsia muscular, electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma y estudios de neuroimagen. Asimismo se llevó a cabo un análisis genético moleculares del ADNmt en muestras de sangre y músculo, por técnicas de hibridación Southern y amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa larga para estudiar la presencia de posibles deleciones. Encontramos manifestaciones neurológicas y deleciones en el ADNmt en el SKS. Resultados. Se han estudiado cuatro varones y dos mujeres (edad media: 27,7 años; rango: 17-42) con una edad media de inicio de los síntomas a los 8,2 años. La clínica inicial fue ptosis palpebral, seguida de limitación progresiva de la mirada vertical y horizontal, fatiga e intolerancia al ejercicio y debilidad de músculos proximales. En dos pacientes los síntomas iniciales fueron síncopes de repetición y sordera neurosensorial. Todos los pacientes presentaban una deleción única en el ADNmt, en heteroplasmia y con un tamaño que variaba entre 4.420 y 9.437 pares de bases. Tres de estas deleciones se describen por primera vez. La mayoría presenta secuencias de repetición directa en las zonas que flanquean la deleción. Conclusiones. El SKS evoluciona en el tiempo con debilidad muscular proximal y fatiga. Todos están causados por deleciones del ADNmt (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Supressão Genética , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre/genética , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Sequência de Bases , Encéfalo/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre/patologia , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre/fisiopatologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular
14.
Int. microbiol ; 9(2): 125-133, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-048323

RESUMO

It has been postulated that nodulation outer proteins (Nops) avoid effective nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 to nodulate with American soybeans. S. fredii HH103 naturally nodulates with both Asiatic (non-commercial) and American (commercial) soybeans. Inactivation of the S. fredii HH103 gene rhcJ, which belongs to the tts (type III secretion) cluster, abolished Nop secretion and decreased its symbiotic capacity with the two varieties of soybeans. S. fredii strains HH103 and USDA257, that only nodulates with Asian soybeans, showed different SDS-PAGE Nop profiles, indicating that these strains secrete different sets of Nops. In coinoculation experiments, the presence of strain USDA257 provoked a clear reduction of the nodulation ability of strain HH103 with the American soybean cultivar Williams. These results suggest that S. fredii Nops can act as either detrimental or beneficial symbiotic factors in a strain-cultivar-dependent manner. Differences in the flavonoid-mediated expression of rhcJ with respect to nodA were also detected. In addition, one of the Nops secreted by strain HH103 was identified as NopA (AU)


Se ha propuesto que las proteínas externas de nodulación (Nops) impiden la nodulación efectiva de Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 con las sojas americanas. S. fredii HH103 nodula de forma natural tanto con las sojas asiáticas (no comercializadas) como con las americanas (comercializadas). La inactivación del gen rhcJ de HH103, que pertenece a la agrupación génica tts (secreción de tipo III), anuló la secreción de Nops y redujo la capacidad simbiótica de esta bacteria con las dos variedades de soja. Las cepas HH103 y USDA257 de S. fredii, que sólo nodula sojas asiáticas, mostraron perfiles SDS-PAGE diferentes de Nop, lo cual sugiere que estas cepas podrían secretar distintos conjuntos de Nops. Cuando las cepas USDA257 y HH103 fueron inoculadas conjuntamente, la capacidad de nodulación de esta última cepa con el cultivar americano Williams de soja se redujo significativamente. Estos resultados indican que las Nops secretadas por S. fredii pueden actuar como factores simbióticos tanto positivos como negativos dependiendo de la cepa-cultivar rizobiana. Se detectaron también diferencias entre la expresión mediada por flavonoides del gen rhcJ y del nodA. Además, una de las Nops secretadas por la cepa HH103 fue identificada como NopA (AU)


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Sinorhizobium fredii/patogenicidade , Simbiose , Inativação Gênica , Genes Bacterianos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , /genética , Sinorhizobium fredii/genética , Sinorhizobium fredii/metabolismo
15.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 23(2): 90-93, jun. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-75368

RESUMO

Se identificó a Candia tropicalis como el agente causal de una servera contaminación detectada en la producción de levadura forrajera en una fábrica de la región oriental de Cuba. Posteriormente a un detallado diagnóstico en las materias primas y diferentes secciones de la fábrica con el objetivo de identificar el foco y aislar el microorganismo contaminante, se procedió a su identificación mediante comparación de secuencias nucleotídicas de las regiones adyacentes no codificadoras ITS (internacional transcribed spacer) ITS1 a ITS4 de ADN ribosomal (ADNrib) 5,8S. En paralelo, se simuló la multiplicación celular de la cepa de producción, Candida utilis NRRL Y-660, a volumen de laboratorio (2,5l), observándose los mismos efectos negativos detectados a nivel industrial sobre su comportamiento cinético al conducir un cultivo en condiciones aerobias con melazas contaminadas. La identificación y caracterización cinética primaria permitió la adopción de medidas higiénico-sanitarias y de carácter tecnológico restableciéndose la producción a la vez que se adoptó una metodología para la vigilancia profiláctica de futuras contaminaciones(AU)


Candida tropicalis was identified as the etiologic agent of a severe contamination detected on an industrial fodder yeast production at the Cuban eastern region. After a detailed diagnostic task on raw material carried out on different factory sections, protocols to identify the contamination source and to isolate the microorganism were proposed. The identification was by comparison of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS4 from 5.8S ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequences. In parallel, propagation of production strain, Candida utilis NRRL Y-660, at lab scale (2.5 l) was performed. Similar results to those observed in the factory concerning to its kinetic behavior in aerobic propagation with contaminated molasses, were detected at this level. The identification and primary kinetic characterization led to the implementation of sanitary and technological measures to bring production at its normal operational conditions as well as the application of prophylactic surveillance methodologies to avoid future contaminations(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ração Animal/microbiologia , Candida/fisiologia , Candida tropicalis/genética , Candida tropicalis/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/análise , Sequência de Bases , Cuba/epidemiologia , Fermentação , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/análise , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
16.
Enferm. emerg ; 7(1): 52-56, ene.-mar. 2005.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67183

RESUMO

Las dianas de los fármacos comprenden una amplia variedad de componentes celulares que pueden estar presentes tanto en el hospedador como en el huésped en las enfermedades ocasionadas por un patógeno. Incluyen proteínas, ácidos nucleicos, lípidos o carbohidratos. La determinación estructural de estas dianas o de sus complejos con ligandos pueden llevarse a cabo por diversos procedimientos, fundamentalmente difracción de rayos-X y espectroscopia de RMN. La mejora de estas metodologías ha hecho que el número de complejos macromolécula-ligando resueltos y disponibles en la Base de Proteínas de Brookhaven aumente constantemente. Por esta razón, en la actualidad, el descubrimiento de nuevos fármacos se basa en la estructura de la diana en lugar de tomar como referencia la estructura de otros ligandos tal como se hacía en el pasado (AU)


The potential targets of drugs are as varied as the molecular components that make up the organism or pathogen. These include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. The structural information of these targets or complex target-ligand can be obtained by several procedures, mainly Xray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).The improvement of the related technologies has made possible the constant increase of the number of macromolecule-ligand complexes available in the Protein Data Bank. As consequence, the discovery of the new drugs is today based in the structure of the target, instead of the structure of others ligands (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Interações Medicamentosas , Aprovação de Drogas/métodos , Desenho de Fármacos , Drogas em Investigação , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Serviços de Informação sobre Medicamentos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sítios de Ligação
17.
An. R. Acad. Farm ; 70(2): 325-356, abr.-jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-135210

RESUMO

Las quinasas dependientes de ciclinas (CDKs) juegan un papel importante en la regulación de la división del ciclo celular, lo que supone una prometedora diana para el desarrollo de nuevos agentes terapéuticos frente al cáncer. Se ha realizado un gran esfuerzo durante los últimos años en la búsqueda de pequeñas moléculas que pueden actuar como inhibidores químicos de las CDKs. Estos inhibidores bloquean la progresión del ciclo celular y presentan una interesante actividad antitumoral. La butirolactona I, un producto natural aislado de Aspergillus terreus, que ha mostrado actividad antiproliferativa frente a carcinoma de colon y de páncreas en líneas celulares. Se comporta como un inhibidor competitivo del ATP, mostrando alta afinidad y selectividad frente a CDK1 (cdc2) y CDK2. Debido a la complejidad de la estructura de dicho compuesto, no se conoce bien su modo de unión a la diana farmacológica. Mediante técnicas de modelización molecular, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio que nos ha permitido proponer un modo de unión de dicho compuesto a su diana farmacológica. El complejo de más baja energía obtenido por este procedimiento fue posteriormente sometido a una simulación de dinámica molecular en presencia explícita del disolvente en torno al sitio de unión del ligando. El análisis de dicha simulación indica la formación de un complejo estable, que proponemos como posible modo de unión, y que ha servido como base para el diseño racional de otros ligandos que han sido sintetizados en nuestro laboratorio (AU)


Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) play a central role in the regulation of the cell division cycle, which makes them a promising target for the development of therapeutic agents in cancer. Efforts have been made in the last few years in the search for small molecules that can act as chemical inhibitors of CDKs. These inhibitors block cell cycle progression and display interesting antitumor activities. Butirolactone I, a natural product isolated from Aspergillus terreus, has shown antiproliferative activity against colon and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines; it behaves as an ATP competitive inhibitor, displaying a high affinity and selectivity towards CDK1 (cdc2) and CDK2. Due to the structural complexity of this compound, little is known about its binding mode to the pharmacological target. In this work, computer-based design techniques have been used to study the binding mode of butirolactone I to CDK2. The lowest energy complex predicted by these means was later submitted to molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of solvent around the ligandís binding site. The analysis of this simulation indicates the formation of a stable complex, which we propose as a possible binding mode. This has been used as a starting point for the rational design of other ligands that have been synthesized in our laboratory (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/análise , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/síntese química , Neoplasias/química , Neoplasias/classificação , Substâncias Macromoleculares/síntese química , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/biossíntese , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/terapia , Substâncias Macromoleculares/análise , Dados de Sequência Molecular
18.
Int. microbiol ; 7(1): 27-34, mar. 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-33214

RESUMO

The structural genes for the nickel and cobalt resistance of the conjugative plasmid pEJH 501 of Hafnia alvei 5-5, contained on a SalI-EcoRI fragment of 4.8 kb, were cloned and sequenced. The DNA sequence included five genes in the following order: ncrA, ncrB, ncrC, ncrY, and ncrX. The predicted amino acid sequences of ncrA were homologous to the amino acid sequences of nreB of Achromobacter xylosoxidans 31A. Expression of ncr with the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter system allowed Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to overexpress NcrA, NcrB, and NcrC but not NcrY, and NcrX. The apparent molecular masses of NcrA, NcrB, and NcrC were 30, 33, and 17 kDa, respectively. Primer-extension analysis showed that ncr mRNA started at nucleotide position 23 upstream from ncrA. The promoter region of the ncr operon possessed a strong, putative -35 element of sigma(32)-type promoter sequence, and transcriptional 'lacZ fusion studies indicated that the -35 element influenced sigma(32)-specific transcription (AU)


Los genes estructurales de la resistencia a níquel y cobalto del plásmido conjugativo pEJH 501 de Hafnia alvei 5-5, contenido en un fragmento SalI-EcoRI de 4,8 kb, fueron clonados y secuenciados. La secuencia de DNA incluye cinco genes en el siguiente orden: ncrA, ncrB, ncrC, ncrY, y ncrX. Las secuencias de aminoácidos equivalentes a ncrA fueron homólogas a las secuencias de aminoácidos codificadas por nreB en Achromobacter xylosoxidans 31A. La expresión de los genes ncr mediante el sistema promotor de la RNA polimerasa T7 permite a Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) sobreexpresar NcrA, NcrB, y NcrC, pero no NcrY ni NcrX. Los pesos moleculares aparentes de NcrA, NcrB y NcrC fueron 30, 33, y 17 kDa, respectivamente. El análisis de extensión de los cebadores mostró que el mRNA de ncr se iniciaba a una distancia de 23 nucleótidos corriente arriba del ncrA.La región promotora del operón ncr posee una fuerte secuencia promotora de tipo sigma32 en la posición -35, y estudios transcripcionales de fusión con ´lacZ indicaron que el elemento situado en -35 influye sobre la transcripción específica de sigma32 (AU)


Assuntos
Primers do DNA , Cobalto/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Hafnia/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Níquel/farmacologia , Clonagem Molecular , Sequência de Bases , Transcrição Gênica , Genótipo , Óperon/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Mapeamento por Restrição
19.
Int. microbiol ; 7(1): 41-52, mar. 2004. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-33217

RESUMO

The Aquificales species are presently believed to be the earliest branching lineage within Bacteria. However, the branching order of this group in different phylogenetic trees is highly variable and not resolved. In the present work, the phylogenetic placement of Aquificales was examined by means of a cladistic approach based on the shared presence or absence of definite signature sequences (consisting of conserved inserts or deletions) in many highly conserved and important proteins, e.g. RNA polymerase beta (RpoB), RNA polymerase beta (RpoC), alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS), CTP synthase, inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase), Hsp70 and Hsp60. For this purpose, fragments of the above genes that contained the signature regions were cloned from different Aquificales species (Calderobacterium hydrogenophilum, Hydrogenobacter marinus, and Thermocrinis ruber) and the sequence data were compared with those available from all other species. The presence in Aquificales species of distinctive inserts in Hsp70 and Hsp60 that are not found in any Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, or Thermotoga-Clostridium species excluded them from these groups of Bacteria. The shared presence of prominent indels in the RpoB (>100 amino acids), RpoC (>100 amino acids) and AlaRS (4 amino acids) proteins, which are only found in the various Aquificales species, the Chlamydiae, the CFBG (Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides-green sulfur bacteria) group, and Proteobacteria, strongly suggests their placement within these groups of Bacteria. A specific relationship between Proteobacteria and Aquificales is suggested by the presence in inorganic pyrophosphatase of a 2-amino-acid insert that is uniquely found in these phyla. However, the Aquificales species lacked a number of other protein signatures (e.g. indels in CTP synthase and Hsp70) that are characteristic of Proteobacteria, indicating that they constitute a distinct phylum related to Proteobacteria. These results provide strong and consistent evidence that the Aquificales diverged after the branching of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Thermotoga, Deinococcus-Thermus, green nonsulfur bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Spirochetes, Chlamydiae, and CFBG group, but before the emergence of the Proteobacteria (AU)


Actualmente se cree que las especies de Aquificales son las que primero se separaron dentro del dominio Bacteria. No obstante, el orden de ramificación de este grupo no está resuelto y en los diferentes árboles filogenéticos es altamente variable. En este trabajo hemos examinado la posición filogenética de Aquificales mediante un enfoque cladístico basado en la presencia o ausencia de secuencias signatura definidas (consistentes en adiciones o deleciones conservadas) en muchas proteínas importantes y muy conservadas, como son la RNA polimerasa Beta (RpoB), la RNA polimerasa Beta´ (RpoC), la alanil-tRNA sintetasa (AlaRS), la CTP sintasa, la pirofosfatasa inorgánica (PPasa), Hsp70 y Hsp60. Con este objeto, se clonaron fragmentos de los genes de las proteínas enumeradas que contenían las regiones signatura provenientes de diferentes especies de Aquificales (Calderobacterium hydrogenophilum, Hydrogenobacter marinus y Thermocrinis ruber) y se compararon las secuencias con las disponibles del resto de las especies. La presencia de insertos distintivos en las proteínas Hsp70 y Hsp60 de las especies de Aquificales, no presentes en ninguna especie de Firmicutes, Actinobacteria o Thermotoga-Clostridium, las excluyen de estos grupos del dominio Bacteria. La presencia compartida de importantes inserciones-deleciones en las proteínas RpoB (>100 aa), RpoC (>100 aa) y AlaRS (4 aa) que sólo se encuentran en varias especies de Aquificales, así como de Clamidias, el grupo CFBG (Cytophaga-Flavobacterias-Bacteroides-Bacterias verdes del azufre) y las Proteobacterias indica su pertenencia a estos grupos de Bacteria. Un inserto de 2 aa en la pirofosfatasa inorgánica, únicamente presente en los genes homólogos de Aquificales y Proteobacterias, parece indicar una relación específica entre estos dos fílums. No obstante, las especies de Aquificales carecen de algunas otras signaturas de proteínas (por ejemplo, los indeles en CTP sintasa y Hsp70) características de las Proteobacterias, lo cual indica que constituyen un fílum separado pero relacionado con las Proteobacterias. Estos resultados prueban intensa y consistentemente que las Aquificales se separaron después de la ramificación de los grupos Firmicutes, Actinobacterias, Thermotoga, Deinococcus-Thermus, Bacterias verdes del azufre, Cianobacterias, Espiroquetas y Clamidias-CFBG, pero antes de la emergencia de las Proteobacterias (AU)


Assuntos
Filogenia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Sequência Conservada , Carbono-Nitrogênio Ligases , Sequência de Bases , Alanina-tRNA Ligase , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sequência de Aminoácidos , RNA Polimerase II , RNA Polimerase III , Alinhamento de Sequência , Tempo , Variação Genética , Primers do DNA
20.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30047

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. El tratamiento de la hepatitis B crónica con lamivudina se ve frecuentemente afectado por la emergencia de mutaciones en el motivo YMDDV de la ADN polimerasa viral que confieren resistencia a la droga. Este fenómeno acostumbra a aparecer tras varios meses de tratamiento, pero a veces sucede en momentos tempranos del mismo. Este hecho, junto con otros hallazgos realizados en Japón y Francia, sugiere que las variantes resistentes circulan entre la población y originan infecciones en las que existe resistencia primaria al tratamiento. MÉTODOS. Se utilizó una prueba de hibridación reversa en tira (line probe assay, LiPA) para estudiar la presencia de mutaciones asociadas a resistencia a lamivudina o famciclovir en fragmentos del genoma del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) amplificados del suero de 79 portadores crónicos mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Las muestras fueron remitidas desde diferentes centros sanitarios españoles para detección y cuantificación del ADN viral entre enero de 2001 y mayo de 2002, incluyéndose en el estudio una muestra, elegida al azar, de las que resultaron positivas en ese período. Se recogieron datos sobre tratamiento antiviral previo al momento de la toma de la muestra en pacientes seleccionados. RESULTADOS. Se detectó alguna de las mutaciones estudiadas en muestras procedentes de 10 pacientes. Tras revisar los datos disponibles y solicitar información adicional, se encontró que tres de ellos (3,8 por ciento de los 79 pacientes estudiados) carecían de antecedente de tratamiento antiviral. En 2 casos, se halló mezcla de secuencias salvajes y de las mutaciones rtM204l (M552I) y rtV207l (V555I), respectivamente. En el restante, se detectó la mutación rtV207l en ausencia de niveles detectables de la secuencia salvaje. CONCLUSIONES. Los hallazgos sugieren que un porcentaje significativo de los portadores crónicos de VHB que existen en nuestro medio sufren infecciones que involucran variantes potencialmente resistentes al tratamiento con lamivudina famciclovir. Toda vez que cabe esperar que el tratamiento con esos fármacos sea ineficaz en presencia de variantes resistentes, estas observaciones llevarían a tomar en consideración la posibilidad de estudiar rutinariamente la presencia de tales mutaciones antes de seleccionar la pauta terapéutica más adecuada para cada paciente (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Farmacorresistência Viral Múltipla , Lamivudina , Espanha , Estudos Retrospectivos , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por RNA , Mutação Puntual , Hepatite B Crônica , DNA Viral , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Antivirais , Sequência de Aminoácidos , 2-Aminopurina , Vírus da Hepatite B , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina
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