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1.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 31(1): [100438], ene.-mar 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231630

RESUMO

La adecuada comprensión de un término psicopatológico requiere, no solo del conocimiento de la alteración descrita, sino también de los contextos y conceptos a partir de los cuales fue acuñado y de la transformación de los mismos a lo largo del tiempo. En el caso del trastorno formal del pensamiento se describe su evolución desde su incorporación a la psicopatología con fines puramente descriptivos y asociado a la influencia del asociacionismo y a la idea de una dependencia directa entre pensamiento y lenguaje hasta la actualidad, en que el uso de herramientas computacionales y de hipótesis provenientes de la lingüística han promovido su uso como instrumento diagnóstico y marcador pronóstico, al tiempo que ha significado la incorporación de nueva terminología. (AU)


Properly understanding a psychopathological term requires knowledge of the disorder described, the contexts and concepts from which it was coined, and its modification over time. In the case of formal thought disorder, we describe its evolution from its incorporation into psychopathology for purely descriptive purposes and associated with the influence of associationism and the idea of a direct dependence between thought and language to the present day, in which the use of computational tools and hypotheses from linguistics have promoted its use as a diagnostic tool and prognostic marker, while simultaneously leading to the incorporation of new terminology. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Pensamento , Psicopatologia/história , Psicopatologia/tendências , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Cognição , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/história , Terminologia como Assunto , Diagnóstico por Computador , Esquizofrenia , Linguística
2.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 44(1): [100331], Ene-Mar, 2024. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231907

RESUMO

Antecedents and objective: During morphology acquisition, children must learn to segment and associate the morphemes of a word to its meaning or grammatical function, despite the complex morphological variability children may encounter in their linguistic environment. The present study explores the ability of 9–12-month-old infants to segment a morpheme-like syllable of varying pseudowords and associate it to a novel object. Participants and method: Thirty-nine Spanish-learning infants participated in an experiment involving a preferential looking task. During each of five training trials per category, infants were presented to one of two novel objects while simultaneously heard two instances of pseudowords with a common morpheme-like segment either at the beginning or the end of the pseudoword (e.g., /tabi/, /babi/, for object 1; or /sato/, /same/, for object 2). Children were then tested in five trials per object. The two trained objects were presented side-by-side while infants heard new pseudowords that followed the pattern of the pseudowords that were heard during training. Results: Results show an effective association between a referent and a group of pseudowords with a repeating morpheme-like segment. This association is observed both with beginning and final segments. Conclusions: These findings show infants’ basic abilities for the processing of morphology at an earlier age than it has been suggested. The potential influence of morphologically rich languages such as Spanish is considered.(AU)


Antecedentes y objetivo: Durante la adquisición de la morfología, los niños deben aprender a segmentar y a asociar los morfemas de una palabra a su significado o función gramatical, a pesar de la compleja variabilidad morfológica que los niños pueden encontrar en su entorno lingüístico. El presente estudio explora la capacidad de los bebés de 9 a 12 meses para segmentar una sílaba tipo morfema de varias palabras y asociarla a un objeto novedoso. Participantes y método: Treinta y nueve bebés aprendices del español participaron en un experimento que implicaba una tarea de preferencia de mirada. Se realizaron cinco ensayos de entrenamiento por categoría, en los que se presentaba uno de dos objetos novedosos, mientras que simultáneamente escuchaban dos instancias de palabras con un segmento tipo morfema común (e.g., /tabi/, /babi/, para el objeto 1, o /sato/, /same/, para el objeto 2). Luego, los niños fueron evaluados en cinco ensayos de prueba por categoría. Los dos objetos del entrenamiento aparecían, uno al lado del otro, mientras escuchaban nuevas palabras que seguían el patrón de las palabras escuchadas durante el entrenamiento. Resultados: Los resultados muestran una asociación efectiva entre un referente y un grupo de palabras con un segmento repetitivo similar a un morfema. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos muestran las habilidades básicas de los bebés para el procesamiento de la morfología a una edad más temprana de lo que se había sugerido. Se considera la potencial influencia de lenguas morfológicamente ricas, como el español.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Transtornos da Articulação , Fonoaudiologia , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Fala , Linguística
3.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 30(1): 11-18, Ene. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228957

RESUMO

Learning potential can be used to assess and provide direction for action in diverse populations in modern educational settings. This study examined the relationship between the EHPAP dynamic evaluation scale and cognitive abilities (linguistic development, specific cognitive abilities, and executive functioning) in typically developing preschool children. Linear regression models indicated that children’s cognitive abilities formed part of the prediction of their independent performance in tasks before and after mediation. The abilities that formed part of the predictions were related to general linguistic development, specific cognitive functions, and executive functioning. Age as a predictive factor only contributed to verbal planning. This study examined the contribution of these variables in different EHPAP scales. (AU)


El potencial de aprendizaje se puede utilizar para evaluar y orientar la acción en diversas poblaciones en entornos educativos modernos. Este estudio analiza la relación entre la escala de evaluación dinámica EHPAP y las habilidades cognitivas (desarrollo lingüístico, habilidades cognitivas específicas y funcionamiento ejecutivo) en niños en edad preescolar con un desarrollo típico. Los modelos de regresión lineal indican que las habilidades cognitivas de los niños forman parte de la predicción de su desempeño independiente en tareas antes y después de la mediación. Las habilidades que formaban parte de las predicciones estaban relacionadas con el desarrollo lingüístico general, las funciones cognitivas específicas y el funcionamiento ejecutivo. La edad como factor predictivo solo contribuye a la planificación verbal. Este estudio analiza la contribución de estas variables en diferentes escalas EHPAP. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Aprendizagem , Avaliação Educacional , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Aptidão , Linguística , Cognição
4.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 33(1): 56-67, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231715

RESUMO

The integration of sports and psychological regulation in English teaching can improve students' language skills as well as increase their interest and confidence in learning English. To investigate the implementation of classroom sports integration and psychological regulation in English language instruction. This study employed t-tests and other statistical techniques to analyse the self-efficacy data and academic performance data of students before and after the experiment. Data processing was conducted using SPSS 12.0 statistical software. A random sample of 200 freshmen majoring in English was selected from a specific university. The scale utilises a five-point scoring system, with 1 representing full compliance, 2 representing partial compliance, 3 representing minimal compliance, 4 representing partial non-compliance, and 5 representing full non-compliance. There is a positive correlation between scores and self-efficacy. In general, students with high physical self-efficacy demonstrate superior physical performance, whereas those with low physical self-efficacy exhibit poorer physical performance. The relationship is reciprocal. This suggests that having a strong belief in one's ability to succeed in physical education is associated with achieving positive learning outcomes in the subject. Additionally, achieving positive learning outcomes in physical education may also contribute to the development of a strong belief in one's ability to succeed in the subject. Incorporating psychological regulation into classroom sports has been found to be advantageous in enhancing students' technical skills and test scores, particularly among intermediate and disadvantaged students.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Psicologia do Esporte , Linguística/educação , Estudantes/psicologia , Desempenho Acadêmico , Esportes , Autoeficácia
5.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 33(1): 201-211, 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231727

RESUMO

Lay the foundation of quality education is an important prerequisite for cultivating students' core quality. According to the relevant characteristics of students 'psychology, scientific educational activities and effective mental health education can not only better explore students' learning interest and passion, gradually build high-quality psychological quality, cultivate excellent communication skills, but also improve students' initiative and promote their healthy development. Therefore, current research aimed is to propose the integration and application of mental health education and foreign language teaching for sports school students, firstly, the current situation of mental health among students in sports schools and the problems existing in English classroom teaching are elaborated, and corresponding methods for integrating mental health education into English teaching in sports schools are proposed. A comprehensive analysis of the value of mental health education in the implementation of English courses in sports schools can effectively promote students in sports schools to better understand English, and improve psychological literacy in sports competitions during the learning stage. Studying the integration of English courses and mental health education can help cultivate students' strong psychological resilience and ability to overcome difficulties, laying a solid foundation for future employment and lifelong development. In addition, an integrated approach to enhancing mental health education and foreign language skills in sports school students can lead to improved overall well-being and language proficiency, fostering holistic development. The research limitations and future directions were also discussed that the end of study.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Mental , Saúde do Estudante , Estudantes/psicologia , Psicologia do Esporte , Linguística/educação
6.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 33(1): 304-311, 2024. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231737

RESUMO

The teaching principle of "music teaching" is implemented to facilitate children's learning through play and behaviour. During classroom instruction, teachers should appropriately incorporate sports competitions to foster students' interest in sports, ensure their active participation, and facilitate the development of their athletic abilities. During the primary school stage, students experience rapid development in their physical and mental attributes. The author administered oral and written English assessments to randomly selected classes from Grade 3 to Grade 6 at South Road Primary School, which is affiliated with A University. The author selected students who scored below 60 for the attention QPT test in each grade. From this group, we selected 10 students with low, average, and high attention levels. This resulted in a total of 30 students in each grade forming the control class. We compared the QPT scores between the 30 individuals in the experimental group and the 30 individuals in the control group. The experimental class and the control class exhibited a notable disparity in academic performance across grades 3 to 6. The implementation of experimental teaching resulted in significant improvements in the attention QPT scores of both the upper and lower grades in the experimental class. The study demonstrates that sustained adherence to teaching children English through sports games can effectively enhance their attention levels. Furthermore, implementing sports game teaching aligns with children's psychological characteristics and significantly enhances their performance in English learning.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Saúde da Criança , Esportes , Jogos Recreativos , Aprendizagem , Linguística
8.
Ansiedad estrés ; 29(3): 130-136, Sept-Dic, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229789

RESUMO

Anxiety is an affective variable that negatively affects learning in general, and specifically second language learning. Several studies have demonstrated that the active participation of students helps to reduce learning anxiety. The Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings (DPG) are an educational action that promotes participation through dialogue. However, the effect of this pedagogic strategy to overcome anxiety towards learning English (L2) in pre-service teachers has not been studied in depth. To this end, a quasi-experimental study with a mixed design was carried out with the participation of 48 preservice teachers. The results show that the anxiety level of the participants decreases considerably after the DGP intervention. These results have implications for second language teaching.(AU)


La ansiedad es una variable afectiva que influye negativamente en el aprendizaje en general, y específicamente en el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. Diversos estudios han demostrado que la participación activa del alumnado ayuda a reducirla. Las Tertulias Pedagógicas Dialógicas (TPD) son una actuación educativa que promueve la participación y el diálogo. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado en profundidad cómo esta estrategia ayuda a superar la ansiedad hacia el aprendizaje del inglés en los estudiantes de formación inicial del profesorado. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un diseño cuasi experimental y mixto con la participación de 48 profesoras y profesores en formación. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de ansiedad de los participantes disminuye considerablemente tras la intervención. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones para la enseñanza de segundas lenguas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes/psicologia , Linguística/classificação , Educação , Aprendizagem , Ansiedade , Estresse Psicológico
10.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 32(4): 415-423, Oct 15, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228883

RESUMO

The English language, similar to all languages, serves as a vessel for conveying the cultural nuances of English-speaking nations. Notably, sports, being a significant component of culture, naturally infiltrates the language. A considerable number of words, phrases, and expressions within the English language find their roots in various sports, thus substantially enhancing the lexicon of the language. Leveraging translated sports media for enhancing the overall quality of sports engagement among college students is aimed at nurturing accurate sports principles and a perpetual sports awareness. This endeavour has emerged as a pivotal facet within the domain of social science and sports research innovation. In the context of the psychological characteristics inherent in provincial college students, a comprehensive research methodology is employed to scrutinize and assess the present state of college students' interaction with sports media, alongside the factors shaping the sporting values embraced by college students in the region. Drawing upon the results of a conducted survey, the primary motives behind college students' admiration for sports celebrities include the capacity to idolize sports stars (43.66%), appreciation for the athletic prowess displayed by these luminaries (40.12%), respect for sports figures (34.63%), recognition of their professional attributes, and other qualities they embody (25.87%). Notably, a considerable portion of those who hold sports stars in high esteem also exhibit elevated economic means (12.91%). The authors explored and examined the college students' exposure to translated sports media content, along with the media's influence on their sports-related values, active involvement in sports, and extracurricular pursuits, impart valuable theoretical insights pertinent to the progression of collegiate sports, the effective utilization of mass media, the provision of Olympic brand education for college students, and the reform of higher education sports programs. For the inaugural instance, we have gleaned that the sources employed for procuring Olympic tickets have started to shift. Internet-based platforms constitute over 40% of these sources, with television channels accounting for a similar proportion, hovering around 40%. In contrast, traditional print media, such as newspapers and magazines, comprises a mere 6.5%, while radio media falls below 3%. Approximately 21.6% of adolescents hold sports stars in high esteem, and 41.7% of them believe that the adoration of "sports stars" contributes to their personal development, while 33.3% of adolescents endeavour to attend events featuring their favourite celebrities. In accordance with the pertinent survey, more than half of college students profess to idolization, of which one-quarter revere sports stars. Currently, the impact of the translation and promotion of sports brand media on the sports values of college students is predominantly positive, characterized by a "favourable disposition." A strong and positive correlation exists between sports brand media and the values held by college students. Sociolinguists have emphasized that sports constitutes a pivotal component of culture, and culture and language form an inseparable and integrated entity. Language functions as the conduit for transmitting culture, and sports continuously contribute to the enhancement and enrichment of language. The commercialization of sports, combined with extensive media coverage, has spurred an unprecedented surge in the public's affection for sports. Consequently, various sports events have ingrained themselves deeply in the hearts of people, and the sports-related terminology used by individuals across a spectrum of athletic activities, contests, and competitions has evolved into a distinctive hallmark within the English language.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia do Esporte , Esportes/psicologia , Publicidade/tendências , Tradução , Linguística
11.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 37(3): 149-159, July-September 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223532

RESUMO

Background and objectives Individuals with schizophrenia display language impairments involving pragmatics, semantics and syntax. Language impairments may show diagnostic specificity and could relate to the ability of engaging in psychotherapy. This pilot study sought to: (1) identify linguistic features that might differentiate individuals with schizophrenia from distressed controls without psychotic symptoms; and (2) examine the association between linguistic abilities and clinical changes during psychotherapy. Methods We recruited patients with schizophrenia and a comparison group of individuals with demoralization and distress due to cancer. Participants underwent Dignity Therapy (DT), an existentially-oriented brief psychotherapy focused on legacy and subjective dignity. Verbatim transcripts of the DT sessions were analysed using Natural Language Processing (NLP). In addition, we measured changes in levels of demoralization and dignity-related distress before and after DT, exploring the association with linguistic variables with network analysis. Results Patients with schizophrenia could be differentiated from those with cancer-related distress using only three out of 141 linguistic variables: total number of words, number of prepositional chains and conversational elements. Across groups, better levels of discourse coherence and higher number of arguments controlled by a predicate (verb “arity”) were associated with larger improvements in demoralization and, indirectly, dignity-related distress. Conclusions Reproducible linguistic markers may be able to differentiate individuals with schizophrenia from those with less severe psychopathology, and to predict better uptake of psychotherapy independent from diagnosis. Future studies should explore whether linguistic features derived from NLP may be exploited as accessible diagnostic or prognostic markers to tailor psychotherapy and other interventions in schizophrenia. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia , Semântica , Respeito , Prognóstico , Psicoterapia Breve , Linguística , Transtornos da Linguagem , Psicoterapia , Neoplasias
12.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 43(2): [100289], Abr-Jun 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221021

RESUMO

Este estudio analiza la sensibilidad de los cuestionarios CDI breves para medir el efecto del grado de exposición a la lengua en el tamaño del léxico de niños bilingües en euskera o lengua vasca. Además, compara la capacidad predictiva de tres factores asociados a la cantidad de exposición a la lengua: el input relativo, el perfil lingüístico de los padres y la lengua de comunicación interparental. Los datos de 2.098 niños bilingües (8-49 meses) obtenidos con las versiones breves del CDI vasco (CDI-1vb, CDI-2vb y CDI-3 v) evidenciaron: a) la sensibilidad de los tres instrumentos para medir el efecto del grado de exposición en el léxico expresivo infantil; b) un efecto muy similar de los tres factores analizados, y c) un aumento gradual del tamaño del efecto, con la edad, que evoluciona desde la ausencia de efecto durante el primer año (8 a 15 meses), a un efecto pequeño durante el año siguiente (16-29 meses), para convertirse en grande entre los dos años y medio y los cuatro años (30-49 meses). Los resultados apuntan al perfil lingüístico de los padres y a la lengua de comunicación interparental como indicadores tan apropiados como el input, o incluso más, para medir la cantidad de exposición a la lengua de niños en edad preescolar, por lo que se recomienda la inclusión de estos dos factores en la evaluación del desarrollo léxico temprano bilingüe, muy especialmente, en el caso de lenguas minoritarias.(AU)


The current study analyses short Basque CDI questionnaires’ accuracy to measure the effect of the amount of exposure to the language on bilingual children's vocabulary size. Additionally, it compares the predictive ability of three variables related to the amount of exposure: relative input, language of parental communication and parents’ linguistic profile. Data of 2098 children (8–49 months) obtained with the short versions of the Basque CDI (CDI-1vb, CDI-2vb and CDI-3v) revealed (a) these three instruments’ sensibility to measure the effect of language exposure on children's expressive vocabulary, (b) a very similar effect size for the three variables, and (c) an increase in effect size with age: no effect at the age of 8–15 months, small at 16–29 months and large at the age of 30–49 months. Data suggests that parents’ linguistic profile and language of inter-parental communication are indicators equally suitable of preschool children's exposure to the language, or even more so, than input, and leads the authors to claim the inclusion of those factors in the assessment of young children's lexical development, especially in minority languages.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Multilinguismo , Linguística , Estudos de Linguagem , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Compreensão
13.
Psicol. educ. (Madr.) ; 29(2): 159-166, Jun. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-221927

RESUMO

Executive functions are established as vital in learning, as well as in the development of psycholinguistic skills crucial to learning a second language. The present study analyzes relationships between variables linked to executive functioning and to academic achievement in English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants were 519 primary school students between the ages of 10 and 12. The results show a tendency to greater sustained and selective attention and consequently better attention control and concentration on task when academic achievement in English was higher. Our discriminant analysis verifies that sustained and selective attention, attention deficit, and concentration on task explain and predict group membership in EFL achievement groups (low, medium, and high achievement). It is important to plan activities to develop executive functioning, alongside the regular curriculum content, in order to improve learning and acquisition of psycholinguistic skills, the foundation for bilingualism or second-language learning.(AU)


Se constata la importancia de las funciones ejecutivas en el aprendizaje, así como en el desarrollo de habilidades psicolingüísticas cruciales para aprender un segundo idioma. En este estudio se analizan las relaciones entre variables vinculadas al funcionamiento ejecutiv y al rendimiento académico en lengua inglesa. Participaron 519 estudiantes de primaria de edades comprendidas entre 10 y 12 años. Los resultados evidencian la tendencia a una mayor atención sostenida y selectiva y en consecuencia un mejor control atencional y de concentración en la tarea cuando es mayor el rendimiento académico en lengua inglesa; el análisis discriminante efectuado verifica el carácter explicativo y predictivo de la atención sostenida y selectiva, el déficit atencional y la concentración en la tarea en la pertenencia de cada estudiante a los grupos (bajo, medio y alto) de rendimiento en dicha asignatura. Se constata la importancia de programar actuaciones para el desarrollo del funcionamiento ejecutivo en paralelo a las propiamente curriculares, para mejorar el aprendizaje y la adquisición de habilidades psicolingüísticas, base del bilingüismo o del aprendizaje de un segundo idioma.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Barreiras de Comunicação , Linguística , Aprendizagem , Estudantes , Desempenho Acadêmico , Atenção , Psicologia Educacional , Espanha/epidemiologia
14.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 42(4): 168-177, Oct-Dic. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211636

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: La necesidad de realizar estudios sobre el nivel de desarrollo léxico temprano en niños bilingües vasco-español es una realidad plasmada en la literatura científica. En este contexto, tanto los inventarios de desarrollo comunicativo MacArthur-Bates como los métodos basados en la observación temprana han supuesto un importante elemento para el análisis del nivel de desarrollo lingüístico de los niños. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de llevar a cabo una comparativa entre dos instrumentos diferentes sobre una misma muestra: por una parte, el Inventario de Desarrollo de Habilidades Comunicativas de MacArthur-Bates, en sus adaptaciones en español y en vasco, y por otra parte, la observación longitudinal por medio de las grabaciones de los niños en contextos diferentes de comunicación espontánea. Materiales y método: Los participantes han sido 8 niños vascos con distinta L1 (vasco o español) analizados desde los 17 a los 30meses y procedentes de un pequeño pueblo del País Vasco, Bermeo. Se realizaron tres grabaciones mediante la observación contextualizada no-participativa en aquellos meses en los que los niños/as cumplían 17, 25 y 30meses. Además, las anotaciones y transcripciones se realizaron a través de softwares profesionales: ELAN y CHAT. Asimismo, en el momento de la tercera grabación las familias cumplimentaron el CDI-2 en su adaptación al castellano y al euskera. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la utilidad de los reportes parentales para lograr información sobre el desarrollo de las habilidades comunicativas tempranas.(AU)


Background and objective: The need to carry out studies on the level of early lexical development in Basque-Spanish bilingual children is a reality reflected in the scientific literature. In this context, both the MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories and the methods based on early observation have been an important element for the analysis of the level of linguistic development of children. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to carry out a comparison between two different instruments on the same sample: on the one hand, the MacArthur-Bates Communication Skills Development Inventory, in its adaptations in Spanish and Basque, and, on the other hand, longitudinal observation through recordings of children in different contexts of spontaneous communication. Materials and method: The participants were 8 Basque children with different L1 (Basque or Spanish) analyzed from 17 to 30months and from a small town in the Basque Country, Bermeo. Three recordings were made through non-participatory contextualized observation in those months in which the children were 17, 25 and 30months old. In addition, the annotations and transcripts were made through professional software: ELAN and CHAT. Likewise, at the time of the third recording, the families completed the CDI-2 in its adaptation to Spanish and Basque. Results: The results show the usefulness of parental reports to obtain information on the development of early communication skills. In any case, the need for larger explorations is considered necessary in order not to fall into the argument of the «overvaluation» of children's broadcasts.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Idioma , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Linguística , Vocabulário , Compreensão , Testes de Linguagem , Espanha , Fonoaudiologia , Transtornos da Comunicação , Audiologia
15.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 53(1): 95-113, Ene.-Mar. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207003

RESUMO

Esta investigación que presentamos pretende profundizar en las señales de alarma más frecuentes de los niños y las niñas diagnosticados con TEA, atendiendo a su nivel de desarrollo lingüístico. Para ello, analizamos los resultados obtenidos de una muestra de 142 niños y niñas evaluados en los cinco últimos años en el Servicio de Psicomotricidad de la Universidad de La Laguna. El instrumento utilizado es el ADOS-2 y para realizar el análisis estadístico hacemos uso del SPSS. Las conclusiones obtenidas hacen referencia a la ausencia de lenguaje durante los 3 primeros años de vida y a un aumento del porcentaje de sujetos con lenguaje adquirido a partir de esta edad; al escaso uso de la mirada, poco uso de la expresividad facial y gestualidad limitada en la interacción social; o la falta de respuesta cuando se les llama por su nombre solo en sujetos carentes de lenguaje, como algunas de las características más evidentes en las personas con TEA. En general, las variables en interacción social están más estrechamente relacionadas entre sí que en el resto de los ámbitos evaluados. (AU)


This research aims to deepen the most frequent warning signs of children diagnosed with ASD, taking into account their level of linguistic development. We ana-lyze the results obtained from a sample of 142 children evaluated in the last five years in the Servicio de Psicomotricidad, Universidad de La Laguna. The instrument we use is the ADOS-2, and to perform the statistical analysis, we make use of the SPSS. The conclusions obtained refer to the absence of language during the first 3 years and an increase in the percentage of subjects with language acquired from this age; the limited use of the gaze, little use of facial expressiveness and limited gesture in social interaction; or the lack of response when called by name only in subjects lacking language, such as some of the most obvious characteristics in people with ASD. In general, variables in social interaction are more closely related to each other than in the other evaluated areas. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Linguística
16.
Matronas prof ; 23(Supl. 1): 17-19, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212518

RESUMO

El objetivo de este artículo es invitar a la reflexión acerca de la terminología empleada en la denominación identificadora de los profesionales que ejercen dentro del ámbito de las matronas en relación con cuestiones de género y sexismo lingüístico. Estos usos e imprecisiones del lenguaje no parecen adecuados y deben adecuarse y normalizarse sin prejuicios, con una visión más paritaria y realista, más propia de los tiempos que corren que de otros felizmente superados. (AU)


This article is aiming to invite the reader to think about the many terms given to the midwife’s profession, and the language problems related to gender and sexual discrimination. These unaccuracies of the language seem obsolete at the present time. Having in consideration that midwifery is now a profession not restricted to women, we should forget the prejudices of old times, and try to have a better judgement of reality to standarize and use the adapted vocabulary. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tocologia , Obstetrícia , Linguística , Terminologia como Assunto , Assistência Perinatal , Sexismo
17.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 164-171, Oct-Dic, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227647

RESUMO

Introduction and objectives: This study compares data collection approaches in the assessment of grammatical development in Spanish-speaking children. Specifically, we compared error rates produced in data collected using samples from spontaneous language versus elicited production, using both broad (overall) and narrow measures (errors with noun phrases). Methods and participants: Monolingual-Spanish-speaking five-year-olds (n=55) were divided into typical language development (TL) and at-risk (Risk) according to a preexisting test, Tamiz de Problemas del Lenguaje. All children completed an elicited production and a narrative task. Results: Children in the TL group outperform children in the Risk group in all measures used in this study. Statistically significant differences were found between children at Risk and TL children in both spontaneous and elicited language measures, although the effect size of the elicited language measures was considerably higher. Elicited and spontaneous tasks are more likely to produce results that are in accord than in disaccord. However, when results are in disaccord, the results almost always show low performance in elicited language but high performance in spontaneous language. Elicitation methods do not seem to have an impact on the type of error produced for neither narrow nor broad measures.(AU)


Introducción y objetivos: Este estudio compara los enfoques de recolección de datos para la evaluación del desarrollo gramatical en niños que hablan español. Específicamente, comparamos las tasas de error producidas usando muestras de lenguaje espontáneo versus la producción elicitada, usando medidas generales (todos los errores) y específicas (errores con frases nominales). Métodos y participantes: Los niños monolingües de cinco años de habla hispana (n=55) se dividieron en dos grupos: desarrollo del lenguaje típico o a riesgo de desórdenes del lenguaje, para lo cual se usó el Tamiz de Problemas del Lenguaje. Todos los niños completaron una producción del lenguaje elicitada y una tarea narrativa. Resultados: Los niños del grupo típico superan a los niños del grupo a riesgo en todas las medidas utilizadas en este estudio. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niños a riesgo y los niños típicos en las medidas de lenguaje espontáneo y elicitado, aunque el tamaño del efecto de las medidas de lenguaje elicitado fue considerablemente mayor. El lenguaje elicitado y espontáneo producen mas resultados que están de acuerdo que en desacuerdo; sin embargo, cuando los resultados están en desacuerdo, casi siempre muestran un bajo rendimiento en el lenguaje elicitado pero un alto rendimiento en el lenguaje espontáneo. Los métodos de obtención no parecen tener un impacto en el tipo de error producido ni para medidas específicas ni amplias.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Linguagem Infantil , Testes de Linguagem , Linguística/métodos , Multilinguismo , Transtornos da Linguagem , Fonoaudiologia , Audiologia , Idioma
18.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 183-196, Oct-Dic, 2021. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227649

RESUMO

Introduction and objectives: Developing a language screener for Dual Language Learners presents numerous challenges. We discuss possible solutions for theoretical and methodological problems often encountered in the development of such a test and illustrate possible solutions using a newly developed language screener for Dual Language Learners. Materials and methods: The process for developing, validating and norming the screener is also offered as a potential model for the development of other assessments for Dual Language Learners throughout the world. The twelve types of subtests are in three categories: Vocabulary, Syntax, and Process. Results and conclusions: Results from the Tryout and Norming phase on 362 Dual Language Learners aged 3–5;11 years are presented, together with the results of item selection via IRT, validity, and reliability testing. The advantage of using Best Scores is highlighted as a useful measure to identify children who are at risk for language difficulties that will impact their academic success. Importantly, knowledge is found to be distributed across the languages.(AU)


Introducción y objetivos: Desarrollar un evaluador del lenguaje para estudiantes bilingües presenta numerosas dificultades. Abordamos las posibles soluciones para problemas teóricos y metodológicos que se encuentran a menudo en dichas pruebas, e ilustramos las posibles soluciones utilizando un evaluador recientemente desarrollado para estudiantes bilingües. Materiales y métodos: El proceso de desarrollo, validación y normalización del evaluador se ofrece también como un modelo potencial para el desarrollo de otras evaluaciones de estudiantes bilingües a nivel mundial. Los 12 tipos de subpruebas se reúnen en tres categorías: vocabulario, sintaxis y proceso. Resultados y conclusiones: Se presentan los resultados de la fase de prueba y normalización en 362 estudiantes bilingües de tres a cinco; 11 años, junto con los resultados de la selección de ítems a través de las pruebas de IRT, validez y fiabilidad. La ventaja de utilizar las mejores puntuaciones destaca como medida útil para identificar a los niños con riesgo de dificultades lingüísticas, las cuales repercutirán en su éxito académico. De manera notable, se ha detectado que el conocimiento se distribuye entre los idiomas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Estudantes , Barreiras de Comunicação , Linguística , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Multilinguismo , Transtornos da Linguagem , Vocabulário , Testes de Linguagem , Fonoaudiologia , Audiologia , Educação , Idioma
19.
Rev. logop. foniatr. audiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(4): 205-205, Oct-Dic, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227654

RESUMO

Durante las últimas décadas, con la masificación del Implante Coclear (IC), muchos niños con sordera de severa a profunda han tenido acceso a desarrollar habilidades lingüísticas orales y auditivas a edades cada vez más tempranas, con frecuencia, los esfuerzos tanto en terapia como en investigación se centran en mejorar las habilidades del lenguaje y de inteligibilidad del habla, existiendo limitadas investigaciones en el terreno de la pragmática en niños sordos con IC. El presente es un estudio piloto que se desarrolla en marco de la investigación del perfil lingüístico del centro de investigación GISTAL, que busca comparar el desempeño pragmático y comunicativo de niñas y niños sordos con implante coclear (data de implante mayor a dos años) con sus pares con audición típica (N=20) en tareas de conversación y denominación. Los resultados muestran un desempeño similar en ambos grupos en las medidas pragmáticas. Las principales diferencias se observaron en variables comunicativas y lingüísticas. A demás, los niños con IC muestran reducciones más significativas en la tarea de conversación que en denominación, lo que podría implicar para ellos, mayores desafíos en tareas con más carga pragmática que conceptual.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva , Surdez , Transtornos da Surdocegueira , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Comunicação , Implantes Cocleares , Idioma , Fonoaudiologia , Audiologia , Transtornos da Comunicação , Barreiras de Comunicação , Linguística , Fala
20.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(11): 394-400, Dic 1, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229602

RESUMO

Introducción: De acuerdo con una perspectiva neuroconstructivista, la existencia de atipicidades sutiles en procesos de bajo nivel tiene un impacto en cascada sobre los dominios para los que tales procesos son relevantes. Diferentes alteraciones en un mismo proceso pueden dar cuenta del fenotipo de trastornos distintos. Según los criterios clasificatorios actuales, los trastornos del lenguaje pueden estar presentes en distintas condiciones evolutivas. La teoría del muestreo temporal se ha propuesto como posible marco explicativo de dichos trastornos. En este trabajo se revisa esta teoría, aplicando para ello los postulados neuroconstructivistas mencionados. Desarrollo: La teoría del muestreo temporal plantea cómo alteraciones en la percepción del parámetro acústico del tiempo de ascenso de la amplitud en la ventana temporal lenta de la señal auditiva y, ligado a ello, posibles alteraciones en el acoplamiento entre dicha señal y las oscilaciones neurales de la corteza auditiva acarrean dificultades para el desarrollo lingüístico y musical. Tales alteraciones se vinculan a experiencias distintas con la información estimular, derivadas de diferencias en los umbrales de discriminación del tiempo de ascenso de la amplitud y en el input recibido asociado a este parámetro. Conclusiones: La teoría analizada ofrece una explicación consistente con el marco neuroconstructivista. Existe evidencia acerca de las dificultades perceptivas del tiempo de ascenso de la amplitud y su relación con los dominios lingüístico y musical en niños con trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje y/o con dislexia. Estudios futuros deberían analizar el alcance de esta teoría para explicar los trastornos del lenguaje en otras condiciones evolutivas.(AU)


Introduction: From a neuroconstructivism perspective, subtle atypicalities in low-level processes have a cascading impact on the domains for which these processes are relevant. Atypicalities in a given process contribute to accounting for the phenotype of different developmental disorders. According to current classification criteria, language disorders can occur in different developmental conditions. The temporal sampling theory has been proposed as a framework for such disorders. In this work, this theory is reviewed and analyzed from the aforementioned neuroconstructivism claims. Development: The temporal sampling theory explains how atypicalities in the perception of the rise time acoustic parameter in the slowest temporal window of the auditory signal and, linked to this, potential atypicalities in the entrainment of the signal and the neural oscillations in the auditory cortex involve difficulties for language and music development. These atypicalities are linked to a different experience with the stimuli. In turn, the different experience derives from differences in rise time discrimination thresholds and in the received input that is related to this parameter. Conclusions: The temporal sampling theory offers an explanation that is consistent with the neuroconstructivism perspective. There is evidence of rise time perception difficulties and their relationship with language and music in children with developmental language disorder and/or dyslexia. Future studies should analyze the reach of this theory to explain language disorders in different developmental conditions.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Linguagem , Barreiras de Comunicação , Linguística , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Teoria de Sistemas , Fatores de Tempo , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
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