Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 268
Filtrar
1.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 40(1): 5-15, ene.-mar. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-217410

RESUMO

Background: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is used as a marker of subclinical and asymptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease. Increased CIMT is associated with future cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. There is limited data on the profile and correlates of CIMT in Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the profile and correlates of CIMT in apparently normal younger-age adults in an urban setting in Kenya. Methods: This study used population-based data collected from 2003 adults between the ages of 40 and 60 years in two slums of Nairobi as part of a genetic study. CIMT was measured using LOGIQ e (GE Healthcare, CT, USA) ultrasound on both left and right carotid arteries, whereby maximum, mean, and minimum values were recorded. Age- and sex-specific CIMT measurements were calculated and their association with basic sociodemographic, behavioral and body composition indicators were investigated. Results: The median (IQR) CIMT were 0.58 (0.51, 0.66) and 0.59 (0.53, 0.66) in men and women, respectively. About 16% of the study population had CIMT greater than 0.7mm, the cut off for higher CIMT. Nearly 60% had CIMT values ≥75th percentile. Age, current use of alcohol, systolic blood pressure, subcutaneous fat thickness, pulse rate and pulse pressure were found to be the main predictors of CIMT in our study population. Conclusion: This study provided population-based reference values and predictors for CIMT for an adult population living in urban poor settings in Kenya. Future studies need to consider biochemical and genetic predictors of CIMT in this population. (AU)


Antecedentes: El grosor de la íntima-media carotídea (GIMc) se utiliza como marcador de la aterosclerosis subclínica y asintomática. El incremento del GIMc está asociado a episodios cerebrovasculares y cardiovasculares futuros. Existen datos limitados sobre el perfil y la correlación del GIMc en África. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil y la correlación del GIMc en adultos jóvenes aparentemente normales en un contexto urbano de Kenia. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó datos basados en población de 2.003 adultos con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 60 años en dos suburbios de Nairobi, como parte de un estudio genético. El GIMc se midió utilizando el ecógrafo LOGIQ E (GE Healthcare, CT, EE. UU.) en ambas carótidas, izquierda y derecha, donde se registraron los valores máximo, medio y mínimo. Se calcularon las medidas de GIMc específicas de la edad y el sexo, así como su asociación con los indicadores sociodemográficos, conductuales y corporales básicos. Resultados: Los valores medios (RIC) de GIMc fueron 0,58 (0,51, 0,66) y 0,59 (0,53, 0,66) en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Cerca del 16% de la población de estudio tuvo un GIMc superior a 0,7mm, siendo el punto de corte de GIMc elevado. Cerca del 60% reflejó valores de GIMc ≥percentil 75. La edad, el consumo actual de alcohol, la presión arterial sistólica, el grosor de la grasa subcutánea, la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión del pulso fueron los principales factores predictivos de GIMc en la población de nuestro estudio. Conclusión: Este estudio aportó valores de referencia basados en población y factores predictivos de GIMc para una población adulta en un entorno urbano de pocos recursos de Kenia. Los estudios futuros deberán considerar los factores predictivos bioquímicos y genéticos de GIMc en dicha población. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , População Urbana , Áreas de Pobreza , Pressão Arterial , Gordura Subcutânea
2.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(1): [e101876], ene.-feb. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215629

RESUMO

Objetivos Cuantificar, describir el origen y estimar el coste de las solicitudes de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) con fines de cribado a varones de 70 años o más realizadas en una zona de salud urbana. Métodos Estudio transversal. Se obtuvieron todas las determinaciones de PSA a pacientes adscritos a una zona de salud entre los años 2018 y 2020. Se clasificaron retrospectivamente como cribado (PSAc) o no, de acuerdo a criterios preestablecidos revisando historiales clínicos. Se comparó la edad de los pacientes sometidos a cribado con aquellos que no lo fueron. Se calcularon tasas de solicitud por centros y solicitantes de acuerdo a la población de referencia provista por el padrón municipal (VM70). Se estimó el coste consultando las tarifas de facturación. Resultados Fueron estudiadas 2.036 PSA, de 888 hombres ≥ 70 años, y 350 clasificadas como cribado. Se diagnosticaron seis adenocarcinomas. Se estimaron 76,07 PSAc/1.000 VM70-año con origen en cualquier centro, 1,45 solicitudes por individuo cribado, y una prevalencia de 15,71%; población media de referencia de 1.534 hombres (DE 45,37). Los pacientes sometidos a cribado (edad media 75 años, DE 4,04) fueron más jóvenes que aquellos no cribados (media 76,5, DE 4,81). Se estimó un coste del cribado de 9.751 €. Conclusiones Se describe la epidemiología y estima el coste de los cribados con PSA a varones ≥ 70 años sin cáncer prostático en nuestra zona, en atención primaria y hospitalaria. Se trata de una práctica habitual, predominantemente en atención primaria, y en magnitud similar a la reportada en la bibliografía estatal. (AU)


Objectives To describe the epidemiology and estimate the cost of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old in an urban health zone. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. We obtained every PSA test made in the health zone from 2018 to 2020, and classified them retrospectively as screening (PSAc) or not according to pre-established criteria, reviewing electronic health records. Testing rates were calculated by centres and clinical specialities. The standard population was provided by the city register of inhabitants (VM70). Cost estimation was made using our health system's price list. ResultsTwo thousand and thirty six PSA, of 888 men ≥ 70 years old were obtained, and 350 met screening classification criteria. Six adenocarcinomas were diagnosed from those tests. We estimated 76.07 PSAc/1000 VM70-year from any centre, 1.45 tests for each screened individual, and 15.71% prevalence. The standard population was 1534 men (mean 2018-2020, SD 45.37). Patients who were screened (median age 75, SD 4.04) were younger than those not screened. We estimated a total screening test cost of 9,751 €. Conclusions The epidemiology and cost of PSA screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old are reported, both in primary health care and in the hospital. PSA screening tests are common practice amongst professionals attending elderly men in our health zone, mostly in primary care. The screening testing rate of men without prostate cancer is similar to that reported in the literature. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , População Urbana , Programas de Rastreamento/economia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Incidência
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 55(1): 102513-102513, Ene. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214189

RESUMO

Objetivo: La ingesta excesiva de sal se asocia a mayores cifras de tensión arterial y prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La OMS recomienda consumir menos de 5 g/día de sal (equivalente a 2 g de Na+/día). Identificar alimentos y comportamientos con mayor contribución al exceso de aporte facilitaría el consejo dietético preventivo. Diseño: Estudio observacional. Sitio: Centro de Salud Urbano en Cáceres. Medidas principales: Estimamos el consumo de sal mediante dos cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (CFA), uno genérico y otro con alimentos con elevado contenido en Na+, y encuesta recordatoria de 24 h. Empleamos el programa Evalfinut para la valoración nutricional de la dieta. Analizamos correlaciones entre ingesta estimada de sal y eliminación de sodio en orina de 24 h (gold standard). Resultados: El 92% de la muestra presenta consumos superiores a las recomendaciones con ingestas equivalentes a 9,5 g/día de sal (3,7 g/día de Na+). Cuando la ingesta de sodio se determina por el cociente Na+/K+, el 79,54% tiene ingestas elevadas. La eliminación de sodio sigue una tendencia ligeramente creciente con el IMC. La percepción de consumo de sal es baja, el 56,3% lo considera «adecuado»; el 32,4% añade sal a los alimentos una vez servidos. Los CFA infraestiman la ingesta de Na+ y encuestas dirigidas aportan valores más elevados. La correlación entre CFA y eliminación urinaria de Na+ es débil. Conclusión: Debemos reducir la ingesta de sal aumentando la percepción del consumo, mejorando el conocimiento sobre el contenido de sal en alimentos e identificando a pacientes diana del consejo sanitario.(AU)


Objective: Excessive salt intake is associated with higher levels of AHT and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. WHO recommends consuming less than 5 g/day of salt (equivalent to 2 g Na+/day). Identifying foods and behaviours with greater contribution to excess intake would facilitate preventive dietary advice. Design: Observational study. Site: Urban Health Center in Cáceres. Main measurements: We estimated salt consumption using two food consumption frequency (FFQ) questionnaires, one generic and one with high Na+ content, and a 24 h follow-up survey. We use the Evalfinut program for nutritional evaluation of the diet. We analyzed correlations between estimated salt intake and 24-h urine sodium elimination (gold standard). Results: 92% of the population had consumption higher than the recommendations with intakes equivalent to 9.5 g/day of salt (3.7 g/d of Na+). When sodium intake is determined by the Na+/K+ ratio, 79.54% have high intakes. Sodium elimination follows a slightly increasing trend with BMI. The perception of salt consumption is low, 56.3% consider it “adequate”. 32.4% add salt to food once served. FFQ underestimate Na+ intake and targeted surveys provide higher values. The correlation between FFQ and Na+ urinary elimination is weak. Conclusion: We must reduce salt intake by increasing the perception of consumption, improving knowledge about the salt content in food and identifying target patients of the health council.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sódio , Cloreto de Sódio , Dieta , Urina , 24457 , População Urbana , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atenção Primária à Saúde
5.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 14(1): 58-68, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200293

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of astigmatism and its determinants in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. METHODS: The students selected by stratified cluster random sampling in Shahroud, north of Iran. Optometric examination included uncorrected visual acuity, refraction with autorefractometer, manifest refraction with retinoscopy followed by subjective and cycloplegic refraction (after two drops of cyclopentolate 1% with 5min interval were instilled in each eye). A cylinder power ≥ 0.75 diopter (D) in at least one eye was considered as astigmatism. The prevalence of astigmatism was reported based on a cylinder power higher than 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 D in cycloplegic refraction, followed by power vector analysis. RESULTS: After applying the inclusion criteria, the data of 5528 children were analyzed. The prevalence of astigmatism was 16.7% (95% CI: 15.6-17.7) in total, 16.6% (95% CI: 15.2-18.0) in boys and 16.8% (95% CI: 15.2-18.3) in girls (p = 0.920) and decreased from 21.5% in 6-year-old children to 13.7% in 10-year-olds, and then again increased to 18.3% in children aged 12 years. Moreover, 17.2% (95% CI: 16.0-18.3) of urban and 12.1% (95% CI: 10.0-14.1) of rural children had astigmatism (p < 0.001). The prevalence of with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique astigmatism was 14.2%, 2.1%, and 0.33%, respectively. The mean cylinder power was -1.31, -0.46, and -0.44D in children with spherical myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia, respectively (p < 0.001). Urban students had a higher J0 and boys had a higher J45. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of astigmatism in this study was lower than previous studies. Astigmatism prevalence was markedly higher in urban children


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Astigmatismo/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , População Urbana , População Rural , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Testes Visuais
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 53(2): 101957-101957, feb. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196799

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las características de los pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 y analizar diferencias entre los que requirieron asistencia hospitalaria y los seguidos ambulatoriamente. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. EMPLAZAMIENTO: 2 unidades básicas asistenciales de un centro de salud urbano en Salamanca (España). PARTICIPANTES: Pacientes ≥ 18 años diagnosticados de SARS-CoV-2 entre el 11 de marzo y el 20 de abril. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Características clínico-epidemiológicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y desenlace a fecha fin de estudio. RESULTADOS: Ciento veintidós pacientes (63,9% mujeres), 19,7% trabajadores sociosanitarios y 4,9% institucionalizados. Franja etaria predominante: 46-60 años, edad media: 52,1(DE 17,85). El 67,2% sin comorbilidad. Síntomas más prevalentes: febrícula (73,5%), tos (65,2%) y fiebre (43%). La edad media de los que requieren atención hospitalaria es mayor a los seguidos ambulatoriamente: 59,85 años (DE 16,22) vs. 50,78 (DE 17,88); p = 0,013. El 63,6% del total seguidos por Atención Primaria no presentó disnea, frente a 17 (14,1%) de los que acudieron a Urgencias; p = 0,001. No se realizaron pruebas confirmatorias al 2,5% de los que visitaron el hospital, frente al 61,5% de los seguidos ambulatoriamente; p = 0,0001; 26 acuden a Urgencias: 11 (9%) ingresaron y 2 (1,6%) fallecieron. El 52,5% no necesitó antibioterapia y el 70.5% no requirió inhaladores. El antipirético más empleado fue paracetamol (78.7%). CONCLUSIONES: Prevalencia en mujeres, personas sin comorbilidad y en la franja de edad de 46-60 años. Las pruebas complementarias y confirmatorias se realizaron mayoritariamente en asistencia hospitalaria. Predominancia de sintomatología leve y evolución favorable. Destacamos el papel de Atención Primaria en la detección, la intervención temprana y el seguimiento en casos graves


OBJETIVE: To evaluate SAR-COV-2 pacients' features. To analyse de diferences between those who required hospital care and those who didn't. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. SETTING: Two medical practices of an urban health center in Salamanca (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: ≥ 18 years diagnosed with SAR-CoV-2 between March 11 th and April 20 th. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: clinical-epidemiological chatacteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome at the end of study RESULTS: 122 patients (63.9% female), 19.7% social and health care workers y 4.9% from nursing homes. Predominant age group: 46-60 years. 67.2% without comorbility. Predomint symptoms: low-grade fever (73.5%), cough (65.2%) y fever (43%). Average age of the patients requiring hospital care was higher: 59.85 (DE16.22) versus 50.78 (DE17.88) P = .013. 63.6% of all the patients monitored by Primary Health Care and 14.1% of patients that required assistance did not present dyspnea P = .001. Only 2.5% of the hospital-assisted patients, compared to 61.5% of Primary Health Care, were not tested P = .0001. 26 patients were attendedn at an emergency room: 11(9%) stayed and 2 (1.6%) passed away. No antibiotic or inhaler treatment for 52.5% and 70.5% respectively. The most used antipyretic treatment was paracetamol (78.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence in females, comorbility-free patients and in age range: 46-60 years. Complementary and confirmatory test were performed mainly in hospital care. Predominance of mild symptoms and favourable evolution. Highliting the role played by Primary Health Care in detection, early intervention and monitoring of severe cases


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pandemias , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , População Urbana , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Prevalência , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Centros de Saúde
7.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(88): e187-e196, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201436

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: las comorbilidades de anemia y enteroparasitismo siguen siendo un importante problema de salud pública en muchos países en desarrollo y en especial en comunidades con mayores desventajas económicas. OBJETIVO: evaluar la correlación entre enteroparasitismo y deficiencias de hierro en menores de 14 años de los cabildos indígenas urbanizados de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. MÉTODO: estudio observacional y analítico que involucró una muestra probabilística de indígenas menores de 14 años. Se analizaron tres muestras seriadas de materia fecal y sangre para establecer las proporciones de menores parasitados y no parasitados; anemia/ferropenia y depleción de las reservas de hierro. Se usó estadística descriptiva, univariada y bivariada, finalizando con los análisis multivariados de componentes principales y clúster jerárquico. RESULTADOS: el 80% de los menores estaban parasitados, el 17% con áscaris y tricocéfalo. No se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre parasitismo y género; cinco menores de entre 5-7 años presentaron anemia. Tres grupos se identificaron con el análisis multivariado. CONCLUSIONES: elevada prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal global y en particular una infestación significativa leve-moderada por helmintos; en términos generales, la anemia no predominó en la población de estudio y no se encontraron asociaciones significantes entre esta y parásitos patógenos


INTRODUCTION: the comorbidities of anaemia and enteroparasitism remain a major public health problem in many developing countries, especially in communities with economically disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: to assess the correlation between enteroparasitism and iron deficiency in children under aged 14 from the urbanized indigenous councils of the city of Santiago de Cali. METHOD: observational and analytical study that involved a probabilistic sample of indigenous people under 14 years old. Three serial samples of fecal matter and blood were analyzed to establish the proportions of parasitized and non-parasitized minors; anemia and depletion of iron reserves. Descriptive, univariate and bivariate statistics were used, ending with multivariate analysis of main components and hierarchical cluster. RESULTS: 80% of the minors were parasitized, 17% had parascaris and trichocephalon. No statistically significant association was found between parasitism and gender; 5 minors between 5-7 years presented anemia. Three groups were identified with the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: there is a high prevalence of global intestinal parasitism, particularly, there is a significant mild-moderate infestation caused by helminths; in general terms, anemia did not predominate in the study population and no significant associations were found between this and pathogenic parasites


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , 16595 , 50227 , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , População Urbana , Ferro/sangue , Comorbidade , Prevalência
8.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 48(6): 560-567, nov.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-199243

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic clinical-pathological disorder with an immunological basis characterised by symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction and, histologically, eosinophilic inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and differences in children and adults diagnosed with EoE in a tertiary level hospital. METHOD: Descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. We randomly selected 40 children and 40 adults diagnosed with EoE between 2009 and 2016. The patient characteristics were analysed by means of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic variables. RESULTS: The average age at diagnosis was 10 years (children) and 34 years (adults), with a higher frequency in males. The majority were sensitised to aeroallergens (77.5% children vs. 82.5% adults) and foods (75% children vs. 82.5% adults). Statistically significant differences were detected in sensitisation to fruits (p = 0.007) and grains (p < 0.001). Differences were observed in impaction (22.5% children vs. 82.5% adults), dysphagia (42.5% children vs. 77.5% adults) and abdominal pain (25% children vs. 7.5% adults). Endoscopy showed that children had a higher frequency of exudates (92.5%) and adults, trachealisation (50% vs. 5%) and stenosis (17.5% vs. 2.5%). Statistically significant differences were found in treatment with topical corticosteroids (30% children vs. 77.5% adults), with a variable positive response. 77.5% of the patients received elimination diets. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the paediatric and adult populations in the food sensitisation profiles, clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and treatments received. This is a complex pathology that calls for a multidisciplinary team and would require new non-invasive techniques to facilitate its management


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esofagite Eosinofílica/epidemiologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , População Urbana , População Rural , Espanha/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/epidemiologia
9.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 26(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200105

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: Los hábitos alimentarios se adquieren a edades muy tempranas y se consolidan hasta la edad adulta, es por ello que es necesario que los padres practiquen conductas de alimentación saludables para que los niños tengan un estado nutricional óptimo. MÉTODOS: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó en la zona urbano-marginal del sector Prosperina de la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador, participaron niños/as y adolescentes de 0,5 meses a 17 años de edad previo firma de consentimiento informado por parte del representante legal. Para evaluar el estado nutricional se tomó los datos antropométricos como peso y talla. Para identificar los hábitos alimentarios se diseñó una encuesta de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció que un 20,6% de investigados tanto varones como mujeres se encuentran con talla baja y talla baja severa. Con respecto al índice peso/edad e IMC/edad la prevalencia de exceso de peso se encontró en 6,8% y 6,5% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El mayor porcentaje de investigados presentan un estado nutricional normal, pese a ello, aún existen cifras alarmantes de baja talla como resultado de la privación de nutrientes esenciales por un largo periodo de tiempo, por lo que es indispensable identificarla de manera temprana para tratarlas y prevenir complicaciones


BACKGROUND: Eating habits are acquired at very early ages and are consolidated until adulthood, which is why it is necessary for parents to practice healthy eating behaviors so that children have an optimal nutritional status. METHODS: The study was descriptive and transversal. It was carried out in the urban-marginal area of the Prosperina sector of the city of Guayaquil-Ecuador, children and adolescents from 0.5 months to 17 year of age participated prior signature of informant consent by the legal representative. To assess nutritional status, anthropometric data such as weight and height were taken. To identify eating habits, a survey of frequency of food consumption was designed. RESULTS: It was evidenced that 20.6% of investigated both men and woman find themselves with short stature and severe short stature. Regarding the weight/age and BMI/age index, the prevalence of excess weight was found in 6.8% and 6.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The highest percentage of respondents has a normal nutritional status, despite this, there are still alarming figures of a small stature as a result of the deprivation of the essential nutrients for a long period of time, so it`s essential to identify it early to treat and prevent complications


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Comportamento Alimentar , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , População Urbana
10.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(n.extr.2): 3-7, sept. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200699

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: es necesaria la promoción de estilos de vida saludables desde la edad pediátrica para la prevención de enfermedades a corto, medio y largo plazo. OBJETIVOS: conocer los patrones de alimentación y hábitos dietéticos, actividad física e inactividad en niños de uno a nueve años españoles urbanos, no veganos, así como sus diferencias entre los consumidores de leche estándar (RS) y de fórmulas adaptadas, enriquecidas o suplementadas (AMS). MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo, observacional, transversal en 1.514 niños. Se analizan mediante cuestionario la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, la actividad física, la inactividad y la ingesta dietética mediante dos registros de 24 horas, el primero presencial y el segundo telefónico. RESULTADOS: entre los resultados ya obtenidos, la ingesta energética diaria fue significativamente superior en el grupo RS (1.503 kcal vs. 1.404 kcal). El aporte de proteínas y grasas en relación al valor calórico total de la dieta es elevado, siendo en el caso de las primeras significativamente mayor en RS (16,5 % vs. 15,6 %). Sin embargo, el de hidratos de carbono es bajo y significativamente mayor en AMS (46,7 % vs. 45,5 %). La contribución de los grupos de alimentos al aporte energético presenta diferencias significativas entre los grupos. CONCLUSIONES: los niños españoles de uno a nueve años tienen una ingesta energética adecuada, aunque ligeramente superior a las recomendaciones. Hay una alta contribución de las proteínas y las grasas y una baja contribución de los hidratos de carbono al valor calórico total. Los niños AMS tienen una mayor adherencia a las guías alimentarias y recomendaciones nutricionales y, por tanto, potencialmente una mejor calidad de la dieta


INTRODUCTION: promoting healthy lifestyles already from the pediatric age for prevention of diseases at a short, mid and long-term is compulsory worldwide. OBJECTIVES: to know eating patterns and dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviours in urban Spanish children aged one to nine years old, no vegan, by evaluating the differences between standard milk consumers (RS) and milk formula (AMS). METHODS: prospective, observational, cross-sectional study with 1,514 children. A food frequency questionnaire, a physical activity and sedentary behaviour questionnaire, and two 24-hour dietary recalls (one face-to-face and one by phone) were used. RESULTS: the daily energy intake was significantly higher in the RS group (1,503 kcal vs 1,404 kcal). The contribution of protein and fat to the total caloric value of the diet is high, being for the first one significantly higher in RS (16.5 % vs 15.6 %). However, for carbohydrate is low and significantly higher in AMS (46.7 % vs 45.5 %). The contribution of the food groups to the energy intake present significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish children between 1-9 years old have an adequate, but slightly elevated energy intake than the recommendations. There is a high contribution of protein and fat, and low of carbohydrate to the total caloric value. AMS children have a higher adherence to dietary guidelines and nutritional recommendations and, therefore, a suggested higher diet quality


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Consumo de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Recomendações Nutricionais , Comportamento Sedentário , Espanha , Estudos Prospectivos , População Urbana
11.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 46(5): 331-338, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197320

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Describir patrones de causa de muerte por género, edad y territorio. Las causas de mortalidad y sus posibles relaciones con las desigualdades en salud en la población rural y urbana en España. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio ecológico de los datos de mortalidad de la población española entre 2007 y 2013. Los datos de mortalidad se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Para presentar los datos de forma agrupada y simplificada, se codificó la clasificación CIE-10 utilizada por el INE con la clasificación de Carga de Enfermedad definida por Murray y López en 1996, reducida a 21 categorías de enfermedades. Se ha calculado la variable territorio rural/urbano tomando como referencia el corte que establece que poblaciones superiores a 10.000 habitantes son entornos urbanos y los que están por debajo son entornos rurales. Se utilizó el test de χ2 y de la z corregida por Bonferroni para los factores de carácter cualitativo y el contraste de la t de Student para los factores de carácter cuantitativo. RESULTADOS: Las principales causas de muerte fueron las enfermedades cardiovasculares con el 31% (844.010) y los tumores malignos con el 26,7% (724.889), las neuropsiquiátricas con el 8,8% (238.330) y las respiratorias con el 8,7% (235.448). En el entorno rural, para el género masculino se encontró que fallecieron el 52,7% (366.053) mientras que en el entorno urbano fallecieron el 51,3% (995.470). En cuanto al género femenino, los casos de defunciones fueron el 47,3% (329.063) en el entorno rural y el 48,7% (9545.188) en el urbano. Con respecto a la edad, las medias de las edades que se asocian a un fallecimiento más tardío fueron las condiciones nutricionales (media de 85,62 años). En cuanto a las edades más tempranas, obviando las relacionadas con los fallecimientos de recién nacidos, fueron las anomalías congénitas con 25,37 años de media. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron diferencias de mortalidad entre los 3 ejes de desigualdad sociales en salud (edad, género y territorio). Por lo tanto, podemos decir que los determinantes sociales condicionan nuestra esperanza de vida


OBJECTIVE: Describe patterns of cause of death by gender, age and territory. The causes of mortality and their possible relationships with health inequalities in the rural and urban population in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An ecological study of the mortality data of the Spanish population between 2007 and 2013 was carried out. Mortality data were obtained from the National Statistics Institute (INE). To be able to present the data in the grouped and simplified form, the ICD-10 classification detected by the INE was coded with the classification of Disease Load defined by Murray and López (1996), reduced to 21 categories of diseases. The territory variable has been determined: rural / urban, taking as a reference the cut that establishes that populations over 10,000 inhabitants are urban environments and those that are below rural environments. The chi-square test and the Bonferroni-corrected z test for qualitative factors and the Student's t-test for quantitative factors were considered. RESULTS: The results showed than the main causes of death were cardiovascular diseases with 31% (844,010) and malignant tumors with 26.7% (724,889), neuropsychiatric with 8.8% (238,330) and respiratory with 8.7% (235,448). In the rural setting, for the male gender, 52.7% (366,053) died, while 51.3% (995,470) died in the urban environment. Regarding the female gender, the cases of deaths were 47.3% (329,063) in the rural environment and 48.7% (9545.188) in the urban. Related to age, the means of the ages associated with a later death were nutritional conditions with 85.62 years. As for the earliest ages, obviating those related to the deaths of newborns, were the congenital anomalies with 25.37 years of means. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality differences were found between the 3 axes of social inequality in health-age, gender and territory. Therefore, we can say that social determinants condition our life expectancy


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/tendências , 57926/tendências , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Mortalidade/tendências , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Ecológicos , Causas de Morte/tendências , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
12.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 32(4): 156-167, jul.-ago. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-194695

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de IC atendidos en atención primaria de 2 zonas de salud de Albacete, Zona 5 A (características de centro urbano) y Casas Ibáñez (características de centro rural), así como destacar las principales diferencias entre ambos. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, correspondiente a la primera fase del estudio ALBAPIC. Se han registrado a todos los pacientes de la zona desde el 1 de enero del 2018 hasta el 30 de junio del 2019 que cumplieran el criterio de inclusión: tener diagnóstico de IC en el programa TURRIANO (programa de consulta clínica en Atención Primaria de Castilla-La Mancha). Se registraron las características demográfico-antropométricas y clínicas, los datos analíticos, las exploraciones diagnósticas complementarias, las pautas terapéuticas y las hospitalizaciones durante 12 meses previos a la inclusión. Se realizaron una exploración física y controles electrocardiográficos y bioquímicos en la visita de inclusión. RESULTADOS: Han participado 384 pacientes diagnosticados de IC en ambas zonas de salud (161 en zona urbana y 223 en la rural). Edad media ± desviación estándar 82,24 ± 10,51 años (81,24 ± 9,59 años en zona urbana y 83,37 ± 11 años en rural, con diferencias significativas, p < 0,005. Son mujeres un 54,3% (54% en zona urbana y 54,7% rural). Tenemos una incidencia de IC del 1% en medio urbano y del 1,8% en medio rural. En relación con la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tenemos que la hipertensión sobre todo y las dislipidemias son los más frecuentes, existiendo diferencias según el medio en el que viven. En el medio rural hay mayores tasas de cardiopatías (principalmente isquémicas y por valvulopatía). Los pacientes con IC tienen número alto de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes, siendo entre 4 y 6 más del 60 % de los casos en el medio urbano y entre 1 y 4 en el medio rural. Aproximadamente, un 14% tiene también una enfermedad oncológica en el medio urbano frente a un 21% en el rural. Según los datos de exploración y analítica, las principales variables se encuentran aceptablemente controladas, estando peor controlados los parámetros lipídicos en el centro rural. La media de fármacos prescritos por cada paciente fue de 6,3 en rural y 7,2 urbano. En cuanto a los tratamientos que están tomando se observa que los diuréticos y las estatinas son los más utilizados tanto en el medio rural como urbano. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un aceptable control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en ambos medios, existiendo diferencias en cuanto a los métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos utilizados


OBJECTIVE: To know the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of HF treated in primary care of 2 Health Areas of Albacete, Zone 5 A (characteristics of the Urban Center) and Casas Ibañez (characteristics of the Rural Center) as well as to highlight The main differences between the two. METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, corresponding to the first phase of the ALBAPIC study. All patients in the area who met the inclusion criteria have been registered: Having a diagnosis of HF in the TURRIANO program (consultation program in Primary Care of Castilla la Mancha). Demographic-anthropometric and clinical characteristics, analytical data, complementary diagnostic examinations, therapeutic guidelines and hospitalizations were recorded for 12 months prior to inclusion. A physical examination and electrocardiographic and biochemical controls were performed at the inclusion visit. RESULTS: 384 patients diagnosed with HF in both Health Zone (161 in urban areas and 223 in rural areas) have participated. Average age 82.24 ± 10.51 years (81.24 ± 9.59 years in urban areas and 83.37 ± 11 years in rural areas with significant differences P < .005, 54.3% are women (54% in urban areas and 54.7% in rural areas) We have an incidence of CI of 1% in urban areas and 1.8% in rural areas. The prevalence of CVRF has that hypertension above all and dyslipidemia are the most frequent, with differences depending on the environment in which they live. In the rural environment there are higher rates of heart disease. Patients with HF have a high number of concomitant chronic diseases, being between 4 and 6 more than 60% of cases in the urban environment and between 1 and 4 in the rural environment. Approximately 14% also have an oncological disease in the urban environment compared to 21% in the rural. According to the exploration and analytical data, the main variables are acceptably controlled, the lipid parameters in the rural center being worse controlled. The average number of drugs prescribed by each patient was 6.3 in rural and 7.2 urban. As for the treatments they are taking, it is observed that diuretics and statins. CONCLUSIONS: There is an acceptable control of cardiovascular risk factors in both media, there being differences in the diagnostic methods and treatments used


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Antropometria/métodos , Eletrocardiografia , Fatores de Risco
13.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 22(1): 0-0, mar.-jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193589

RESUMO

El diagnóstico de salud impulsado desde un equipo de Atención Primaria (EAP) supone una oportunidad para reorientar la atención comunitaria en los EAP. El objetivo de este trabajo es el desarrollo del diagnóstico de salud de los barrios atendidos por el EAP Congrés en la ciudad de Barcelona. Secundariamente, se detectaron activos para la salud del barrio que permitieron la creación posterior de grupos de trabajo intersectoriales orientados a la acción comunitaria conjunta. El estudio se inició caracterizando a la población mediante un examen preliminar en el que se utilizó metodología mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa) y se obtuvo un listado de problemas de salud. Posteriormente, se celebró una jornada comunitaria participativa, siendo la soledad, el envejecimiento y el desconocimiento de los recursos comunitarios existentes en el barrio los problemas priorizados. Participaron en todo el proceso agentes comunitarios, profesionales y habitantes del barrio. El diagnóstico de salud impulsado por el EAP coincidió con un proceso de diagnóstico comunitario liderado por el Ayuntamiento que se inició en el barrio meses después. La simultaneidad de ambos procesos facilitó la interrelación de los activos para la salud favoreciendo la creación de cuatro mesas comunitarias (MC) intersectoriales: políticas sociales, de juventud, educativa y de gente mayor. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto que el desarrollo del DS impulsado por un EAP puede ser una oportunidad para conocer las necesidades de salud de la población del barrio, sus activos y, al mismo tiempo, generar un proceso comunitario en la zona


Health diagnosis driven by a Primary Care Team (PCT) is an opportunity to redirect community care in PCTs. The aim of this work is development of health diagnosis in neighbourhoods served by the PCT Congrés in the city of Barcelona. Secondly, neighbourhood health assets were detected which enabled subsequent creation of inter-sectoral working groups targeted at joint community action. The study started by characterizing the population by means of a preliminary examination in which mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) was used, thereby obtaining a list of health problems. In a second phase, a participatory community day was held. Loneliness, aging and lack of familiarity with existing community resources in the neighbourhood were priority problems. Community agents, professionals and neighbourhood residents all took part in the whole process. The health diagnosis promoted by the Primary Care Team coincided with a community diagnostic process spearheaded by the City Council that began in the neighbourhood months later. The simultaneous nature of both processes facilitated interrelation of health assets, which favoured the creation of 4 inter-sectoral community tables: Social Policies, Youth, Education and the Elderly. This work reveals that development of health diagnosis driven by a PCT can be an opportunity to get to know the health needs of the neighbourhood population, their assets and, at the same time, generate a community process in the area


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diagnóstico da Situação de Saúde , Participação da Comunidade , População Urbana , Grupos Focais
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(3): 534-542, mayo-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193861

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la obesidad es una enfermedad que afecta en gran medida a la región de las Américas. Esta condición implica un aumento de la morbimortalidad y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes tipo 2 y algunos tipos de cáncer. La prevalencia de exceso de peso en Costa Rica fue del 59,7 % y del 77,3 % en mujeres de 20 a 44 años y de 45 a 65 años, respectivamente, y del 62,4 % en hombres de 20-65 años en el periodo 2008-2009; sin embargo, se desconoce cómo ha evolucionado esta condición en la última década. OBJETIVO: describir el perfil antropométrico y la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población urbana costarricense según características sociodemográficas y nivel de actividad física. MÉTODOS: entre noviembre de 2014 y mayo de 2015 se seleccionó una muestra representativa de la población urbana, conformada por 677 personas entre 20 y 65 años de edad. Se realizaron mediciones de talla, peso, circunferencia de cintura y cuello y se determinó la prevalencia de obesidad y la obesidad abdominal y cervical, según los puntos de corte establecidos para los respectivos indicadores. RESULTADOS: se encontró una prevalencia de exceso de peso (sobrepeso y obesidad) del 68,5 % en la población urbana costarricense, mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres (73,8 %), y en las personas mayores de 35 años (82,2 %). Además, el 70,3 % de la población presentó obesidad abdominal y el 46,8 % presentó una circunferencia de cuello aumentada. CONCLUSIONES: en Costa Rica, la prevalencia de obesidad encontrada es notablemente superior respecto a otras regiones del mundo y se ha incrementado en relación a la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición 2008-2009, por lo que su abordaje se hace prioritario con el fin de prevenir la incidencia y prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas y así disminuir su impacto, tanto para la salud del individuo como en los costes implicados en su atención


INTRODUCTION: obesity is a disease that greatly affects the region of the Americas. This condition implies an increase risk of developing serious health outcomes such as cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. The prevalence of excess weight in Costa Rica was 59.7 % and 77.3 % in women aged 20 to 44 years old and 45 to 65 years old respectively, and 62,4 % in men aged 20-65 years old, in the period of 2008-2009, however, it is unknown how this condition was evolved. OBJECTIVE: to describe the anthropometric profile and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Costa Rican urban population according to sociodemographic characteristics and level of physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a representative sample of the urban population was selected between November 2014 and May 2015, comprising 677 people between 20 and 65 years old. Measures of height, weight, and waist and neck circumference were measured and the prevalence of obesity, abdominal and cervical obesity was determined, according to the cut-off points established for each indicator. RESULTS: the prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was 68.5 % among urban Costa Rican population, being higher for women (73.8 %), and for those participants over 35 years old (82.2 %). A 70.3 % of the population presented abdominal obesity and 46,8 % cervical obesity. CONCLUSIONS: in Costa Rica, the prevalence of obesity found is high compared to other regions of the world and has increased in relation to the National Nutrition Survey 2008-2009. The approach to obesity must be prioritized in order to prevent the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and thus reduce the impact of these diseases on the health of the individual and the economic costs of health care


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Antropometria/métodos , População Urbana , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Costa Rica , Índice de Massa Corporal , Circunferência da Cintura
15.
Sportis (A Coruña) ; 6(2): 246-265, mayo 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193344

RESUMO

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito comparar la competencia motriz percibida en una población infantil (M ± DE 7.96 ± 0.74 años de edad), de dos regiones geográficas diferentes de un mismo país (rural y urbano); además se examinó, las diferencias entre niños y niñas. En total 55 escolares, de los cuales 15 niños y 17 niñas pertenecían a la región geográfica rural y 15 niños y 8 niñas pertenecían a la urbana. Se evaluó la competencia motriz percibida utilizando Pictorial Scale for Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children. Después de aplicar análisis de varianza de 2 vías para grupos independientes (zona X sexo), se encontró que hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y niñas en manipulación percibida, independientemente la región geográfica, siendo los niños los que presentan mayor manipulación percibida. No se encontró interacción estadísticamente significativa en la locomoción percibida, la manipulación percibida, el desempeño motor grueso percibido y la competencia motriz percibida, según la región geográfica y sexo. Se concluye que sin importar la región geográfica los niños tienen mayor manipulación percibida que las niñas. La región en la que vivían las poblaciones infantiles medidas, no influye en la competencia motriz percibida. Se recomienda en futuras investigaciones descriptivas o experimentales, utilizar y analizar esta prueba de percepción, de manera completa, debido a que se está usando de manera global y se podrían profundizar aspectos relevantes sobre este tema


The purpose of this research was to compare the perceived motor competence in children (mean age 7.96 ± 0.74 yrs.), from two different geographical regions (rural and urban), also the differences between boys and girls were examined. A total of 55 children of which 15 boys and 17 girls lived in the rural geographical region and 15 boys and 8 girls lived in the urban one. Perceived motor competence was assessed using Pictorial Scale for Perceived Movement Skills Competence for Young Children. A two-way ANOVA indicated that there are statistically significant differences between boys and girls in perceived object control, regardless of geographical region, with boys presenting greater perceived object control than girls, and there was no statistically significant interaction in perceived locomotion, perceived object control, perceived gross motor competence and perceived motor competence, according to the geographic region and sex. In conclusion, regardless of the geographical region, boys have higher perceived object control than girls; the region in which the children lived, did not influences the perceived motor competence. It is recommended, for future descriptive or experimental research to use and analyze this perception test, in a complete way, because it is being used globally and relevant aspects of this topic could be extended


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Destreza Motora , Teste de Esforço , Educação Física e Treinamento , Autoimagem , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Percepção/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , População Rural , População Urbana
16.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 52(4): 224-232, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197230

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de soledad y aislamiento social en la población mayor de 65 años cubierta por un equipo de atención primaria urbano e identificar sus principales características. DISEÑO: Encuesta telefónica. Emplazamiento: Área básica de Barcelona. PARTICIPANTES: Muestra aleatoria de población asignada de edad igual o superior a 65 años. Mediciones principales: Encuesta de soledad de UCLA, escala de red social de Lubben. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistó a 278 personas (respuesta 61,36%), 172 mujeres y 106 hombres, con una edad media de 76,7 ± 7,9 años. Existía una mayor proporción de factores de riesgo de soledad en los que no respondieron. La soledad se correlaciona estrechamente con el aislamiento social r = 0,736. La soledad moderada, con una prevalencia del 16,54%, se asocia a presentar dificultades a la marcha (OR 3,09, IC del 95%, 1,03-9,29), deterioro cognitivo (OR 3,97, IC del 95%, 1,19-13,27) y a barreras arquitectónicas (OR 5,29, IC del 95%, 2,12-13,23), mientras que la soledad severa, con una prevalencia de 18,71%, solo se asocia a convivir con menos personas (OR 0,61, IC del 95%, 0,40-0,93). El riesgo de aislamiento social, con una prevalencia del 38,85%, se asocia a la edad (OR 1,06, IC del 95%, 1,02-1,10) y a problemas de salud (OR 4,35, IC del 95%, 1,11-16,99). CONCLUSIONES: La soledad y el aislamiento social son muy prevalentes. Existen 2 perfiles de soledad, una moderada relacionada con las dificultades a la sociabilidad que aparecen con el envejecimiento y otra severa que no está asociada a la salud o las barreras. Las intervenciones deberían adecuarse a cada uno de estos perfiles


OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation in a population over 65 cared by a urban primary health team and to identify its main characteristics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study by a telephone survey. SETTING: Basic health area of Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of assigned population of 65 or more years old. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: UCLA Loneliness Scale and Lubben Social Network Scale. RESULTS: 278 persons were interviewed (61,36% response rate), 172 women and 106 men, with an average age of 76,7 ± 7,9 years. A higher proportion of factors related to loneliness were identified in non-respondents. Loneliness was closely correlated to social r = 0,736. Moderate loneliness, with a prevalence of 16,54%, was associated to walking difficulties (OR 3,09, 95%, IC 1,03-9,29), cognitive impairment (OR 3,97, 95% IC 1,19-13,27) and architectural barriers (OR 5.29, 95% IC 2.12-13,23), although severe loneliness, with a prevalence of 18,71% was only associated to living together with less people (OR 0.61, 95% IC 0.40-0.93). Social isolation, with a prevalence of 38,85% was associated to aging (OR 1,06, 95% IC 1,02-1,10) and to the belief of having health problems (OR 4,35, 95% IC 1,11-16,99). CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness and social isolation are of high prevalence. The telephone survey underestimates its prevalence. There are 2 profiles of loneliness, one with moderate associated to the socialisation difficulties related to aging and another severe not related to health or to barriers that only can be identified by surveys or clinical interview. Interventions must be targeted to each of these profiles


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva , População Urbana , Solidão/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Prevalência
18.
Rev. esp. enferm. dig ; 112(3): 178-182, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-195791

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Since the generalization of vaccination, its incidence had markedly declined. Nevertheless, several HAV-outbreaks have been described in the last decade, mainly related to contaminated alimentary products. In recent years, a new pattern of acute HAV infection has been described with changes in the demographic profile of the infected population, which is more common in healthy young men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective case series study was performed to evaluate this possible change in the pattern of HAV infection. The case series included all patients with a diagnosis of HAV acute infection in our hospital between January 2005 and May 2017. RESULTS: a total of 196 cases were diagnosed which were comprised of two probable outbreaks: one starting in November 2008 of 26 cases and one starting in 2016 with 69 cases at the time of data collection. The two outbreak populations were comparable. While the sporadic cases group was predominantly formed by pediatric and third-age patients with a slight male tendency, the outbreak related cases showed a clear predominance for young males (proportion of males: 63.2 % vs 85.3 %, p < 0.001). A possible chronological relationship with the national gay festivity celebrated in Madrid was observed. Outbreak related cases had higher bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and longer APPT at diagnosis as well as a lower albumin concentration. The clinical relevance was minimal with a similar hospitalization rate and clinical outcome in both groups. There were no related deaths, acute liver failure or need for liver transplantation in our cohort. CONCLUSION: these epidemiological findings emphasize the importance of implementing preventive measures as well as social awareness campaigns


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , População Urbana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Surtos de Doenças , Espanha/epidemiologia
19.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 25(1): e61-e70, ene. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-196197

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer associated with high risk (HPV-HR) human papilloma virus (HPV) has been increasing. HPV-HR has been associated with epithelial dysplasia, however, little information exists on its frequency in epithelial hyperplasia lesions. The aim of this study is to compare HPV genotypes in dysplastic and hyperplastic lesions of oral cavity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifty oral lesions: 131 dysplasia and 119 hyperplasia from two regions of Colombia were evaluated. One hundred seventy-four coming from urban area and 104 from a high risk population to oral cancer from a rural area. HPV was identified by qPCR and Twenty-four HPVs genotypes were evaluated by Luminex(R) technology. Logistic regressions were performed to establish the associations between HPV infections with oral dysplasia. RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent (70/250) of the samples were positives for any HPV and HPV-HRs were more frequently than low risk HPVs. HPV-16 was the most detected genotype (16%) followed by HPV-31, 53, 18 and 45. HPV, HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were only associated with dysplasia in urban area; OR 3.28 (CI 95% 1.49-7.17), OR 7.94 (CI 95% 2.97-21.2) and OR 5.90 (CI 95% 2.05-17). Individuals in rural area showed more HPV and HPV-HRs infection in hyperplasic lesions than urban population. The majority of HPV+ lesions had multi-type of HPV (52/70) and the urban individuals showed more genotypes than rural population. CONCLUSIONS: HPV-.HRs are frequently found in hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial lesions. HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were associated with dysplasia in urban population. Rural high risk population and urban population differ in the frequency and variety of HPV genotypes


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Hiperplasia/virologia , Mucosa Bucal/virologia , Genótipo , Boca/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidade , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Colômbia
20.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192525

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Las tasas de sedentarismo están aumentando en la edad escolar siendo necesario conocer cómo afecta tanto al contexto rural como el urbano. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar si el lugar de residencia, rural o urbano, influía en el nivel de actividad física que tenían los escolares en Educación Primaria y en Educación Secundaria. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal utilizando para la recogida de datos el cuestionario Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). La muestra estaba formada por 542 alumnos (272 chicos y 270 chicas), con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 13 años, que fueron entrevistados en dos momentos diferentes: durante el sexto curso de educación primaria, y posteriormente, en primero de educación secundaria. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los ítems y puntuación final del PAQ-C en el entorno rural y urbano en ambos periodos educativos y un análisis ANCOVA de la puntuación final; a través de los residuos tipificados corregidos y la V de Cramer se estudió la asociación entre el nivel de actividad física y las variables empleadas. Se calculó el tamaño del efecto. RESULTADOS: Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron que existen diferencias significativas en la variable curso (f=63.757; p < 0,001; η2=0,056) pero no en el tipo de localidad (p > 0,05), ni en la interacción localidad X curso (p > 0,05) cuando se controló la variable sexo (f=27.325; p < 0,001; η2=0,025). CONCLUSIONES: La transición a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria supone el incremento de un estilo de vida sedentario, tanto en el medio rural como en el medio urbano


OBJECTIVE: Sedentarism rates are increasing at school age, and it is necessary to know how it affects both rural and urban contexts. The present study aimed to identify whether the place of residence, rural or urban, influenced the level of physical activity that schoolchildren had in Primary Education and in Secondary Education. METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) for data collection. The sample consisted of 542 students (272 boys and 270 girls), aged between 11 and 13 years, who were interviewed at two different times: during the sixth year of primary education, and later in the first year of secondary education. A descriptive analysis of the items and final score of the PAQ-C in the rural and urban environment were carried out in both educational periods and an ANCOVA analysis of the final score; The association between the level of physical activity and the variables used was studied through corrected typified residuals and Cramer's V. The effect size was calculated. RESULTS: The results obtained confirmed that there are significant differences in the course variable (f=63,757; p < 0.001; η2sup>=0.056) but not in the type of locality (p > 0.05), nor in the locality X course interaction. (p > 0.05) when the sex variable was controlled (f=27,325; p < 0.001; η2=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The transition to Secondary Education implies the increase of a sedentary lifestyle, both in rural and urban areas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Exercício Físico , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Coleta de Dados , Estudos Longitudinais , População Rural , Instituições Acadêmicas , População Urbana
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...