Alternative payment approaches for advancing comprehensive medication management in primary care

The increasing prevalence of complex, chronic conditions has profound implications on the growing demand and cost of health care. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation is testing data-driven approaches to care delivery and payment that are drawn from innovative practices of health care providers and other partners in the health care community. The shift from fee-for-service to value-based care and performance-based payment places increased priority on improved outcomes at lower costs. To advance comprehensive medication management, pharmacists need to understand the opportunities in the evolving value-based payment models and align medication optimization with the specific goals and incentives of these models

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Pharmacists and Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit: implications for pharmacy education and interprofessional primary care

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¿A qué incentivos responde la utilización hospitalaria en el Sistema Nacional de Salud? / What incentives foster hospital use in the National Health Service?

Antecedentes: Las variaciones geográficas en la práctica médica se han analizado ampliamente; cuando la evidencia sobre la efectividad de las tecnologías sanitarias es fuerte, las variaciones son pequeñas y probablemente, reflejan diferencias en la necesidad; sin embargo, cuando dominan la incertidumbre o la ignorancia, la decisión médica es particularmente sensible a la oferta. En este artículo se argumenta acerca de los factores (incentivos) que influyen en la utilización hospitalaria en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) español. Material y método: Se compararon las tasas de utilización del SNS y de Medicare (Sistema de Salud federal estadounidense para personas mayores y discapacitados). Resultados: 1) Las tasas de utilización españolas fueron menores para la mayor parte procedimientos a estudio, aunque en artroplastia de rodilla, de cadera y colecistectomía fueron similares; 2) a diferencia de lo que sucede en Medicare, la oferta de camas totales mostró poca correlación con las tasas de utilización; sin embargo, las poblaciones con más intervenciones, eran más intensivas para todos los procedimientos; 3) los hospitales de «alta tecnología» realizaron menos intervenciones «comunes»; por otra parte, la «cirugía innovadora » obtuvo tasas cercanas a las de Medicare. Conclusiones: Las diferentes «variaciones» en ambos sistemas sanitarios sugieren una diferente estructura en los incentivos. En España la «fascinación tecnológica» es una explicación alternativa al volumen de la oferta e implicaría un SNS más focalizado en la tecnología que en las necesidades de los pacientes (AU)

Background: Geographic variations in medical practice have been widely described and different underlying causes have been proposed. Basically, when evidence about effectiveness is strong variations are lower and, probably, it reflects patient needs differences; nevertheless, when either uncertainty or ignorance about effectiveness dominates, medical decision making is particularly sensitive to supply. In this paper we argue about the factors (incentives) influencing hospital utilization in the Spanish National Health Service (sNHS). Matherial and method: We have compared both sNHS utilization rates and those in MEDICARE (US Federal Health System for elderly and handicapped population). Results: 1) Utilization rates in Spain were lower than in MEDICARE for most of the conditions and procedures under study. However, knee or hip replacement and cholecystectomy rates were similar; 2) unlike what happened in MEDICARE, supply, as total beds per 1,000 inhabitants, showed either negative or no correlation with utilization rates; however, those populations which get more interventions get more of whatever the surgery performed; 3) High tech hospitals, in terms of tertiary and teaching hospitals, perform less «common» interventions; on the other hand, «innovative surgery» utilization rates were closed to those in MEDICARE. Conclusions: Differences between both Health Care Systems suggest a different structure of incentives working under variations. Here in Spain, instead of supply, «high tech fascination » is becoming the alternative explanation. If true, «technology fascination» hypothesis entails a model of National Health Service focused on technology instead of patient needs (AU)