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1.
Span. j. psychol ; 27: e5, Feb. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-230535

RESUMO

Flexible work arrangements, such as teleworking, have gained massive and unprecedented usage for creating work environments that foster well-being and productivity. Yet empirical evidence is still scant and not much is known about the role of organizational climate(s) in this process. Accordingly, the present study was set out to investigate the mediating mechanisms linking flexible teleworking to scientific productivity by considering climate for well-being dimensions, the climates for excellence and for innovation, and eudaemonic well-being as mediating constructs. Data were collected from 358 members of 48 Spanish European Research Council (ERC) granted teams and analyses were conducted both at the individual and team level, after checking for the relevant aggregation indexes. Relevant and significant relations were found within the hypothesized statistical model both at the individual and team level of analysis. The climate dimension of team support and the climate for innovation, together with eudaimonic well-being, resulted to be linked by significant relationships suggesting a potential mediating path. Also, empirical evidence supported considering gender as a control variable for the relationship between flexible teleworking and the climate dimension of work-life balance. In conclusion, climate variables and eudaimonic well-being represent relevant variables for the explanation of the relationship between flexible teleworking and scientific productivity. Practical and theoretical implications, and limitations are further discussed in the article. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Eficiência Organizacional , /psicologia , Modelos Estatísticos , Espanha , União Europeia , Pesquisa Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico
2.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 39(3): 131-143, Dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-228568

RESUMO

The practice of teleworking is being consistently and unprecedently used across multiple work sectors, including the research one, yet the direct and mediated links of specific telework designs with productivity are unclear, and analyses at multiple levels missing. Accordingly, this study aims at exploring the mediating role of the climate for well-being and well-being outcomes in the relationship between multiple components of teleworking and scientific productivity, both at the individual and team level. Data were collected from 358 members of 48 Spanish European Research Council (ERC)-granted teams. Analyses were conducted both at the individual and team level, after checking for the relevant aggregation indexes. Telework components of quantity, frequency, flexibility, and voluntariness were found to have direct and mediated significant relationships with scientific productivity, confirming the need to investigate telework with a closer focus on how it is designed and implemented in the different teams. Specifically, climate for well-being, eudaimonic well-being, and negative emotions were found to play a relevant role in mediating the relationship between some telework components (i.e., telework flexibility and voluntariness) and scientific productivity. Also, telework quantity and frequency were found to have, respectively, positive and negative relationship with scientific productivity. Practical and theoretical implications are further discussed in the article.(AU)


La práctica del teletrabajo se está utilizando de manera consistente y sin precedentes en múltiples sectores laborales, también en el de la investigación. No obstante, todavía quedan cuestiones que dilucidar sobre la relación entre aspectos específicos del diseño del teletrabajo y la productividad, así como los posibles mecanismos mediadores entre ambos a distintos niveles de análisis (individual, equipo). El trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar el papel mediador del clima para el bienestar y sus consecuencias en la relación entre múltiples componentes del teletrabajo y la productividad científica, tanto a nivel individual como de equipo. Se han recogido datos de 358 miembros de 48 equipos españoles subvencionados por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC). Los análisis se han realizado a ambos niveles tras comprobar los índices de agregación pertinentes. Cuatro componentes del teletrabajo (intensidad, frecuencia, flexibilidad y voluntariedad) presentaban relaciones significativas, directas e indirectas, con la productividad científica, confirmando la necesidad de investigar cómo se diseña e implementa en los equipos el teletrabajo. Se ha visto que el clima para el bienestar, el bienestar eudaimónico y las emociones negativas mediaban la relación entre algunos componentes del teletrabajo (la flexibilidad y la voluntariedad del teletrabajo) y la productividad científica. Además, la intensidad y la frecuencia del teletrabajo tenían, respectivamente, una relación positiva y negativa con la productividad científica. Las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas se analizan con más detalle en el artículo.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , /tendências , Pesquisa/tendências , Eficiência Organizacional , Comunicação e Divulgação Científica , Espanha , Psicologia , Organizações
3.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Espec. Med. Trab ; 32(1)mar. 2023. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224279

RESUMO

Introducción: Integrar la ergonomía en los procesos de las empresas de manufactura, resulta indispensable, no solamente para evitar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos, sino que tiene una relación directa en la productividad. Objetivos: Evaluar el riesgo de sobrecarga biomecánica de los miembros superiores, planteando un rediseño ergonómico orientado a la reducción del nivel de riesgo y aumento en la producción. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. El análisis y cuantificación del riesgo se realizaron según los criterios técnicos de referencia contenidos en las normas técnicas, NTC 5693-3:2018 e ISO 12228-3:2007. Resultados: Con el rediseño propuesto del puesto de trabajo se obtiene una reducción del índice de riesgo de 49.5 a 7 que corresponde al 85%, y aumento en la producción del 22%. Conclusiones: La aplicación de métodos ergonómicos resulta una herramienta útil en las empresas, para conseguir el incremento en la producción con la mejora de las condiciones de salud y trabajo. (AU)


Introduction: Integrating ergonomics in the processes of manufacturing companies is fundamental, not only to avoid musculoskeletal disorders, but also it has a direct relationship with productivity. Objectives: Evaluate the risk of biomechanical overload of the upper limbs, proposing an ergonomic redesign directed at reducing the level of risk and increasing production. Material and Methods: Descriptive study. The risk analysis and quantification were carried out according to the technical reference criteria contained in the technical standards, NTC 5693-3:2018 and ISO 12228-3:2007. Results: with the proposed redesign of the job, obtain a reduction in the risk index from 49.5 to 7, which corresponds to 85%, and an increase in production of 22%. Conclusions: The application of ergonomic methods is a valuable tool for companies to achieve an increment in production with the improvement of health and work conditions. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Eficiência Organizacional , Ergonomia , Colômbia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Carga de Trabalho , Estudos Transversais
4.
Med. segur. trab ; 68(269): 199-208, oct-dic. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223516

RESUMO

Introducción: el exceso de peso en las personas tiene implicaciones negativas en la productividad laboral. La in-teligencia emocional y los rasgos de personalidad han mostrado diferencias entre personas con peso normal y con exceso de peso (de acuerdo con el IMC). Sin embargo, la evidencia de asociaciones con indicadores más objetivos como el porcentaje de grasa corporal es escasa. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si existe relación entre el por-centaje de grasa corporal, la inteligencia emocional y los rasgos de personalidad en población joven trabajadora.Método: se realizó un estudio transversal-analítico en 125 jóvenes de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, con edad promedio de 24.6 años (DEedad±2.6). Se aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (EQ-i-M20), el Inventario de Rasgos de Personalidad (BFI-15p) y se midió el porcentaje de grasa corporal mediante análisis de bioimpedancia.Resultados: la inteligencia emocional y los rasgos de personalidad presentan diferencias entre los sexos. Las muje-res presentan menor inteligencia emocional y mayor neuroticismo que los hombres. En la muestra total, se identi-ficaron como predictores del porcentaje de grasa corporal algunas dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional como manejo de estrés, adaptabilidad y ánimo general, así como los rasgos de neuroticismo y apertura.Conclusión: es indispensable que los entornos laborales consideren las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional y los rasgos de personalidad, en la planeación de estrategias para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfer-medades asociadas al exceso de peso (AU)


Introduction: Being overweight has negative implications for work productivity. Emotional intelligence and per-sonality traits have shown differences between normal-weight and overweight people (according to BMI). However, the evidence of associations with more objective indicators, such as body fat percentage, is scarce. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between body fat percentage, emotional intelligence, and personality traits in young workers.Methods: A cross-analytical study was carried out on 125 young people living in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, with a mean age of 24.6 years (SDage ± 2.6). A sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EQ-i-M20), and the Personality Traits Inventory (BFI-15p) were used. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to quantify body fat percentage.Results: Both emotional intelligence and personality traits showed differences by sex. Women had lower emotional intelligence and higher neuroticism than men. Some domains of emotional intelligence, such as stress manage-ment, adaptability, and general mood, as well as neuroticism and openness traits, were identified as predictors for body fat percentage.Conclusions: Work environments must consider the dimensions of emotional intelligence and personality traits in planning strategies for health promotion and the prevention of diseases associated with excess weight (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Inteligência Emocional , Obesidade/psicologia , Eficiência Organizacional , Composição Corporal , Estudos Transversais
5.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 38(3): 149-163, dic. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-212972

RESUMO

Most often understood as the generation of novel and useful ideas and their implementation, research on creativity and innovation has mushroomed in recent years. Although these studies provided useful insights into how organizations can enhance both phenomena, there is a growing consensus in the literature suggesting that rather than inherently beneficial, creativity and innovation are in fact ripe with tensions and competing demands. These tensions may put individuals and teams under pressure as they try to a) come up with novel, but also useful and implementable ideas, b) complete their core tasks efficiently, but also suggest novel and useful ideas for their improvement, and c) bring uniqueness to the table, but at the same time form cohesive collectives. In this integrative review, we illustrate these tensions with research evidence and provide recommendations about how we can manage them in order to benefit from individual and team creative and innovative efforts.(AU)


A menudo entendida como la generación de ideas innovadoras y útiles y de su puesta en práctica, la investigación en creatividad e innovación ha prosperado en los últimos años. A pesar de que estos estudios hayan aportado luz sobre cómo pueden las empresas mejorar ambos fenómenos, cada vez hay mayor consenso en la literatura que indica que más que intrínsecamente favorables, la creatividad y la innovación están de hecho plagadas de tensiones y exigencias enfrentadas. Las tensiones someten a las personas y equipos a presión cuando tratan de: a) conseguir ideas innovadoras, y también útiles y que sean aplicables, b) finalizar sus principales tareas eficazmente y c) aportar originalidad, a la vez que forman colectivos cohesionados. En esta revisión integradora ilustramos estas tensiones con pruebas de investigación y damos recomendaciones sobre cómo podemos manejarlo para sacar provecho de los esfuerzos creativos e innovadores individuales y de equipo.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criatividade , 50054 , Organizações , Eficiência Organizacional , Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Psicologia da Criança , Psicologia
6.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 38(2): 93-100, Ago. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-210604

RESUMO

The competitiveness of today's markets requires employees to do more than is formally expected from them by collaborating with others to benefit the organization (e.g., organizational citizenship behavior focused on individuals, OCB-I). Based on the idea that eudaimonic wellbeing positively influences OCB-I, and considering that positive emotions lead to optimal functioning and important work outcomes, this study analyzes the mediating role of positive emotions in the relationship between activity worthwhileness and OCB-I. Results of hierarchical regressions in a two-wave longitudinal study with a sample of 108 white collar employees show that activity worthwhileness indirectly (but not directly) explains change in OCB-I through positive emotions. Therefore, when it comes to improving performance in the workplace, investment in both hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing contributes to more effectively benefitting both employees and organizations.(AU)


La competitividad de los mercados actuales requiere que los empleados hagan más de lo que formalmente se espera de ellos colaborando con otros para favorecer a la organización (por ejemplo, comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional centrado en las personas, OCB-I). Partiendo de la idea de que el bienestar eudaimónico influye positivamente en el OCB-I, y considerando que las emociones positivas conducen a un funcionamiento óptimo y a importantes resultados laborales, el presente estudio analiza el papel mediador de las emociones positivas en la relación entre la valía de la actividad y el OCB-I. Los resultados de regresiones jerárquicas en el presente estudio longitudinal con una muestra de 108 trabajadores administrativos muestran que la valía de la actividad explica indirecta, pero no directamente, el cambio en OCB-I a través de las emociones positivas. Por lo tanto, cuando se trata de mejorar el desempeño en el lugar de trabajo, la inversión en bienestar, tanto hedónico como eudaimónico, contribuye a favorecer tanto a los empleados como a las organizaciones.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Comportamento Competitivo , Seguridade Social , 16360 , Engajamento no Trabalho , Felicidade , Emoções , Eficiência Organizacional , Gestão de Mudança , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional , Motivação , Psicologia , Trabalho , Organizações
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202207050-e202207050, Jul. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211308

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: El análisis de la eficiencia representa un área de creciente interés en el ámbito de la gestión pública, siendoademás el gasto sanitario la segunda partida más importante del gasto público. La eficiencia hospitalaria depende principalmentedel uso que la institución haga de sus recursos y del coste de los mismos. El objetivo del presente trabajo se centró en el análisis delgrado de eficiencia con el que se gestionaban los hospitales públicos de Castilla y León. MÉTODOS: El ámbito de la investigación se circunscribió a los catorce hospitales del Servicio Público de Salud de Castilla y León (Sacyl) durante el quinquenio 2014-2018. Se empleó la técnica no paramétrica del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA), utilizándose tanto rendimientos constantes a escala (CRS) como rendimientos variables a escala (VRS), calculando la eficiencia técnica global, la eficiencia técnica pura y la eficiencia de escala para cada institución sanitaria. RESULTADOS: Los resultados agrupados mostraron que la eficiencia técnica global (ETG) alcanzó un promedio de un 92,02%, la eficiencia técnica pura (ETP) un 94,10% y la eficiencia de escala (EE) un 97,74%. CONCLUSIONES: El DEA se presenta como una técnica válida para el análisis de la eficiencia de los hospitales siendo, en términos de ETP, muy semejante la eficiencia de todos los grupos de hospitales (grupos I, III y IV), en torno al 97%, a excepción de los hospitales del grupo II que resultan los menos eficientes.(AU)


BACKGROUND: The analysis of efficiency represents an area of growing interest in the field of public management. Hospital efficiency depends mainly on the use that the institution makes of its resources and their cost. The importance of hospital efficiency studies is justified by the fact that health spending is the second most important item of public spending. The objective of the present study focused on the analysis of the degree of efficiency with which the public hospitals of Castilla y León were managed. METHODS: The scope of the research was limited to the 14 hospitals of the Public Health Service of Castilla y León (Sacyl), taking the five-year period 2014-2018 as the study period. For the analysis, the non-parametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used. Both constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) have been used, calculating the global technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency for each health institution. RESULTS: The grouped results showed that the global technical efficiency (GTE) had reached an average of 92.02%, the pure technical efficiency (PTE) 94.10% and the scale efficiency (EE) 97.74%. CONCLUSIONS: The DEA is presented as a valid technique for analyzing the efficiency of hospitals, with the efficiency of all groups of hospitals (groups I, III and IV) being very similar in terms of PTE, around 97%, with the exception of group II hospitals that are the least efficient.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hospitais , Eficiência Organizacional , Administração Pública , Análise de Dados , Análise Multinível , Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde , Saúde Pública , Espanha , Atenção à Saúde
8.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 30(4): 124-131, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-214063

RESUMO

Development and expansion in any profession are critical in today's advanced world. Individuals associated with the sports industry view sports as a critical component of their lives. Men, in particular, are more interested in sports like football, basketball, cricket, and tennis. Additionally, organizational behaviour refers to an organization's attitude and actions when confronted with various difficulties. Players must be inspired, encouraged, and trained to perform at their best. The first factor contributing to the sports sector's growth is organizational behaviour. Artificial intelligence is the second factor that contributes to the progress of the sports business. Marketing is the third aspect that contributes to the advancement of the sports business. Marketing a product or service enhances both its worth and value. Three independent variables were considered in this paper: organizational behaviour, artificial intelligence, and marketing tactics. On the other hand, New Product Development has been included as a dependent variable. AMOS 26v was used to evaluate the data collected from 30 respondents. Additionally, the findings demonstrated a substantial correlation between the factors.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Esportes , Eficiência Organizacional , Inteligência Artificial , Motivação , Marketing , Psicologia do Esporte , Medicina Esportiva , Inquéritos e Questionários
9.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(1): 21-27, ene.-feb. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202091

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que es posible monetizar el valor social que genera un hospital y que con su análisis podemos establecer una perspectiva diferente para analizar la eficiencia del gasto público. MÉTODO: Utilizando el método del caso se ha seleccionado un hospital público en España. Es idóneo por dos razones: primero, porque su actividad es pequeña y esto facilita el diálogo con los stakeholders; y segundo, como es un hospital de carácter residencial, permite realizar una experiencia de aproximación de la contabilidad social en hospitales sencilla, modificable y que es posible testar. RESULTADOS: Se establece la traducción monetaria de la actividad de un hospital, incluyendo la parte social de las transacciones económicas (mercado), las variables que no han supuesto transacción económica, pero han sido percibidas y valoradas por los stakeholders (no mercado), y la satisfacción de los stakeholders (emocional). Este valor socioemocional asciende a aproximadamente 60 millones de euros anuales para el periodo de 2013 a 2017. CONCLUSIONES: El valor social generado para los stakeholders, y su monetización, permiten gestionar de forma más eficiente las decisiones hacia el propósito social de los hospitales públicos. En concreto, el índice de valor social añadido puede ser una herramienta para la eficiencia social del hospital, ya que se establece cuánto valor social genera a partir de la financiación pública que le han asignado. Así, la disminución de este valor en los últimos años denota un problema que, sin este análisis con perspectiva social y desde los stakeholders, no podría haberse detectado


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to monetize the social value generated by a hospital and use it to establish a different perspective to analyze the efficiency of public spending. METHOD: A public hospital in Spain was selected using the case method. It is suitable for two reasons; first, the hospital activity is small and therefore dialogue with stakeholders is easy; and second, as it is a hospital of a residential nature, it allows an easy, modifiable and testable approximation of social accounting in hospitals. RESULTS: It establishes the monetary translation of the activity of a hospital, including the social part of the economic transactions (market), the variables that have not been created based on economic transaction, but have been perceived and valued by the stakeholders (not market), and the satisfaction of the stakeholders (emotional). This socio-emotional value amounts to approximately 60 million Euros per year from 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSIONS: The social value generated for the stakeholders, and its monetization, allows more efficient management of decisions towards the social purpose of public hospitals. In particular, the social value added index can be a tool for the social-efficiency of hospitals, as it establishes how much social value it generates from the public funding allocated to it. Thus, the decline in this value in recent years denotes a problem that, without this analysis with a social perspective and from the stakeholders, could not have been detected


Assuntos
Humanos , Valores Sociais , Eficiência Organizacional , Economia Hospitalar , Despesas Públicas , Participação dos Interessados , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Proposta de Concorrência/economia , Contabilidade/economia
10.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 36(3): 195-204, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-198239

RESUMO

Agentic capabilities refer to the basic capabilities of mind that, according to social cognitive theory, allow people to proactively influence their functioning and external context. This study presents a new scale, namely the Work Agentic Capabilities (WAC) questionnaire, that consists of 28 items and measures forethought capability, self-regulation capability, self-reflection capability and vicarious capability in the organizational context. Accordingly, an exploratory (N = 290) and a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 300) demonstrated a four-factor structure. Agentic capabilities were positively correlated with psychological capital and its dimensions i.e., self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resiliency), positive job attitudes (work engagement and job satisfaction), proactive organizational behaviours (job crafting and organizational citizenship behaviours), perceived job performance, and promotion prospects. Finally, we discuss meaningful differences in the mean values of agentic capabilities associated with sociodemographic and organizational variables. Results suggest that the WAC questionnaire can be reliably used to measure agentic capabilities


Las capacidades agénticas aluden a aquellas capacidades de la mente que según la teoría social cognitiva permiten a las personas influir de un modo proactivo en su funcionamiento y en el contexto externo. El presente estudio presenta una nueva escala, el cuestionario de Capacidades Agénticas en el Trabajo (WAC, por sus siglas en inglés), compuesto de 28 ítems que mide la capacidad de previsión, autorregulación, autorreflexión y vicaria en el contexto organizativo. Un estudio con análisis factorial exploratorio (N = 290) y confirmatorio (N = 300) descubrió una estructura de cuatro factores. Las capacidades agénticas correlacionaban positivamente con el capital psicológico y sus dimensiones (es decir, esperanza, optimismo y resiliencia), las actitudes laborales positivas (engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo), la percepción del desempeño laboral y las perspectivas de promoción. Por último abordamos las diferencias significativas de los valores medios de las capacidades agénticas asociadas a las variables sociodemográficas y organizativas. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario WAC puede utilizarse de modo fiable para medir las capacidades agénticas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Eficiência Organizacional , Cultura Organizacional , Política Organizacional , Teoria Social
11.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 34(2): 189-193, mar.-abr. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196057

RESUMO

Hace más de 15 años que en Gaceta Sanitaria se publicó el artículo titulado «¿Qué es una tecnología sanitaria eficiente en España?». El creciente interés por fijar el precio de las nuevas tecnologías en función del valor que estas proporcionan a los sistemas de salud y la experiencia acumulada por los países de nuestro entorno hacen oportuno revisar qué es una intervención sanitaria eficiente en España en el año 2020. El análisis de coste-efectividad sigue siendo el método de referencia para maximizar los resultados en salud de la sociedad con los recursos disponibles. La interpretación de sus resultados requiere establecer unos valores de referencia que sirvan de guía sobre lo que constituye un valor razonable para el sistema sanitario. Los umbrales de eficiencia deben ser flexibles y dinámicos, y actualizarse periódicamente. Su aplicación debe estar basada en la gradualidad y la transparencia, considerando, además, otros factores que reflejen las preferencias sociales. Aunque la fijación de los umbrales corresponde a los decisores políticos, en España puede ser razonable utilizar unos valores de referencia como punto de partida que podrían estar comprendidos entre los 25.000 y los 60.000 euros por año de vida ajustado por calidad. No obstante, en la actualidad, más que la determinación de las cifras exactas de dicho umbral, la cuestión clave es si el Sistema Nacional de Salud está preparado y dispuesto a implantar un modelo de pago basado en el valor, que contribuya a lograr la gradualidad en las decisiones de financiación y, sobre todo, a mejorar la previsibilidad, la consistencia y la transparencia del proceso


Fifteen years ago, Gaceta Sanitaria published the article entitled "What is an efficient health technology in Spain?" The growing interest in setting the price of new technologies based on the value they provide to health systems and the experience accumulated by the countries in our environment make it opportune to review what constitutes an efficient health intervention in Spain in 2020. Cost-effectiveness analysis continues to be the reference method to maximize social health outcomes with the available resources. The interpretation of its results requires establishing reference values that serve as a guide on what constitutes a reasonable value for the health care system. Efficiency thresholds must be flexible and dynamic, and they need to be updated periodically. Its application should be based on and transparency, and consider other factors that reflect social preferences. Although setting thresholds is down to political decision-makers, in Spain it could be reasonable to use thresholds of 25,000 and 60,000 Euros per QALY. However, currently, in addition to determining exact figures for the threshold, the key question is whether the Spanish National Health System is able and willing to implement a payment model based on value, towards achieving gradual financing decisions and, above all, to improve the predictability, consistency and transparency of the process


Assuntos
Humanos , Política Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação , Tecnologia Biomédica/economia , Acesso a Medicamentos Essenciais e Tecnologias em Saúde , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/tendências , Avaliação da Tecnologia Biomédica/organização & administração , Eficiência Organizacional/tendências , Análise Custo-Eficiência , Avaliação em Saúde
12.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 36(1): 77-86, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-195166

RESUMO

We seek to contribute to our very limited knowledge base about a relatively new type of psychological contract: team psychological contracts. We argue that aggregate perceptions of intrateam task and relationship conflict are positively associated with individual team member perceptions of team psychological contract breach. We also argue that individual team member perceptions of team support mitigate the respective relationships between aggregate perceptions of intrateam task and relationship conflict and individual team member perceptions of team psychological contract breach. Using 306 team members across 76 teams from 18 organizations, we find that aggregate perceptions of intrateam task and relationship conflict are both positively associated with individual team member perceptions of team psychological contract breach. However, we find that individual team member perceptions of team support only mitigate the relationship between aggregate perceptions of intrateam relationship conflict and individual team member perceptions of team psychological contract breach. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed


Pretendemos contribuir a nuestra muy limitada base de conocimiento sobre un tipo relativamente nuevo de contrato psicológico: el de equipo. Sostenemos que la percepción agregada de la tarea en el equipo y del conflicto en las relaciones se asocia positivamente con la percepción de la ruptura del contrato psicológico de equipo por parte de sus miembros. También sostenemos que la percepción de apoyo del equipo por parte de sus miembros mitiga la relación entre la percepción agregada de la tarea en equipo y del conflicto relacional y la percepción de los miembros individuales a cerca de la ruptura del contrato psicológico de equipo. Utilizando 306 miembros de 76 equipos de 18 empresas vimos que la percepción agregada de la tarea en equipo y del conflicto relacional se asocia positivamente a la percepción por parte de los miembros individuales de la ruptura del contrato psicológico de equipo. No obstante, vemos que la percepción de apoyo del equipo por parte de los miembros individuales solo mitiga la relación entre la percepción agregada del conflicto relacional en el equipo y la percepción de la ruptura del contrato psicológico de equipo por parte de sus miembros. Se abordan las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas


Assuntos
Humanos , Conflito Psicológico , Processos Grupais , Negociação/psicologia , Comportamento Cooperativo , Eficiência Organizacional , 16360 , Satisfação no Emprego , Relações Trabalhistas , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão
13.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 43(1,supl): 83-89, ene. 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | IBECS | ID: ibc-193165

RESUMO

Introduction: Nowadays nurses execute their tasks in demanding and stressful contexts, where the stress accumulates and can trigger burnout. This one seems to be the result from the combination of organizational factors with individual vulnerability, in particular predisposition for anxiety and personality traits such as neuroticism. Objectives: This study aims, by comparing nurses from Portugal/Spain, to identify burnout levels and to analyse if personality and anxiety predict burnout. Methodology: This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and transversal study, using a demographic/professional characterization questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. After institutional authorizations, participated anonymously and volunteer, 337 Portuguese nurses and 309 Spanish nurses. Results: We found 55% of nurses without burnout, 35% with moderate burnout and 11% with high burnout, without differences between countries. However, the Portuguese nurses present significantly more exhaustion and less depersonalization, less anxiety trait, and more extroversion and Social Desirability, all with a moderate level. In Portugal, the age and professional experience correlate negatively with burnout, and anxiety predicts 32% of burnout. In Spain, anxiety explains 36% of burnout and personality traits only 2%. Discussion: These findings are consistent with studies in which anxiety is a vulnerability factor for burnout, but contradicted the influence of other personality traits, reinforcing the influence of organizational factors. Conclusion: The results are useful, in the field of occupational health, to develop organizational strategies that enhance individual characteristics of stress management, which, lately, have been applied using Mindfulness among nurses and nursing students


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Equipe de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Despersonalização/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Eficiência Organizacional/tendências , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Neuroticismo
14.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e53.1-e53.12, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200149

RESUMO

Psychological contract (PC) describes the labor relationships through the different promises made by the employer towards the employees and the promises made by employees to their employer. PC mutuality is defined as the agreement about whether these promises were actually made. Mutuality is a key element in PC theory. The aim of this study is to test a mediation model of relationships between PC mutuality and work related outcomes, through PC fulfillment. We analyze whether PC mutuality regarding promises made by the employer are significantly related to employees' affective, attitudinal, and behavioral work-related outcomes, and whether fulfillment of PC promises mediates these relationships. The sample was composed of 942 employees and their HR managers from 47 organizations in three sectors (food, education, and sales). Mediation model is tested, using the bootstrapping technique developed by Hayes (2009). The study provides support for the hypothesized mediation model. Results show that PC mutuality predicts work-related outcomes such as job satisfaction, well-being, organizational commitment, intention to quit, in-role perceived performance, and perceptions of PC violation, and that PC fulfillment partially mediates these relationships. These findings provide theoretical insights into PC theory, highlighting the relevance of PC mutuality. They offer practical suggestions for companies about the importance of achieving mutuality in their relationships with employees in order to increase positive work-related outcomes


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Negociação/psicologia , Relações Trabalhistas , Engajamento no Trabalho , Modelos Organizacionais , Eficiência Organizacional
15.
Span. j. psychol ; 23: e56.1-e56.16, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-200152

RESUMO

This multi-wave, multi-source study focuses on the benefits of work engagement for employee adaptation to organizational change. The change entailed the implementation of a flexible office design in an engineering firm, which caused radical change for employees. Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory and change transition models, we predict that work engagement trajectories during change are crucial for successful adaptation. The hypothesized process was that initial employee meaning-making will facilitate work engagement, which, in turn, predicts supervisor-rated adaptive performance (i.e. adaptive work-role performance and extra-role performance) via attitude-to-change. Attitude-to-change was modeled as reciprocally related to work engagement at different points in time. Weekly questionnaires were completed by 71 employees during the first five weeks of the change (296 observations). Latent growth trajectories using weekly engagement measures showed no overall growth, but did show significant variance around the slope of work engagement. Meaning-making and attitude-to-change at the onset were positively related to initial levels, but not to growth of work engagement. Meaning-making was indirectly related to short-term attitude-to-change via work engagement. Short-term attitude-to-change was predictive of supervisor-rated adaptive performance and long-term attitude-to-change. Finally, work engagement (slope) predicted long-term attitude-to-change and supervisor-rated extra-role performance via short-term attitude-to-change. Taken together, the study contributes to knowledge about micro-level transition processes of employee adaptation and the benefits of work engagement during change


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inovação Organizacional , Adaptação Psicológica , Psicometria/métodos , Crowdsourcing , Engajamento no Trabalho , Modelos Organizacionais , Eficiência Organizacional/tendências
16.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 33(6): 579-583, nov.-dic. 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-189854

RESUMO

A proper understanding of health is a social and political challenge, the modern social medicine approach to public health and health approaches more generally tend to minimise this, making the isolated individual the primary unit of health. Ivan Illich, social critic and philosopher, was at the forefront of arguing for a collective health approach and challenging medical hegemony. His theories of institutional counter-productivity, proportionality and his critique of the medical model which he argued was entrenched within an economics of scarcity are as relevant today as they were at their height of popularity, in the 1970s. Applying his analysis to current trends in health approaches I conclude, as did he, that beyond a certain institutional scale or intensity more medicine is making us sicker. Therefore public health requires a dramatic shift away from a focus on individual deficits, lifestyle diseases, behaviour change and health promotion approaches towards genuine community building and significant political investment in the health creation of local communities. Moreover, there is need for more resolute regulation of the marketplace to prevent the health-harming behaviours of industrial and other institutional interests, including public sector and third sector organisations engaged in institutional overreach


La sanidad, propiamente entendida, es un reto social y político. La medicina social moderna apunta a la salud pública y, por lo general, los enfoques sanitarios tienden a minimizar este hecho, convirtiendo a la persona aislada en la unidad primaria de la salud. Ivan Illich, crítico social y filósofo, encabezó el debate a favor de un enfoque basado en la sanidad colectiva y la lucha contra la hegemonía médica. Sus teorías sobre contraproductividad y proporcionalidad institucional, y su crítica sobre el modelo médico, del que argumentó que estaba arraigado en una economía de escasez, son relevantes hoy en día, al igual que lo eran en la cima de su popularidad, en los años 1970. Aplicando su análisis a las tendencias actuales, yo concluyo, como hizo él, que más allá de una cierta escala o intensidad institucional, el uso de más medicina nos vuelve más enfermos. Por ello, la sanidad pública requiere un cambio drástico, alejando su objetivo de los déficits individuales, las enfermedades relacionadas con el estilo de vida, los cambios de comportamiento y la promoción de la salud, centrándose en cambio en el desarrollo comunitario genuino y la inversión política en la creación de salud en las comunidades locales. Además, existe una necesidad de regular firmemente el mercado para evitar los comportamientos nocivos para la salud provenientes de los intereses industriales y demás instituciones, incluyendo el sector público y las organizaciones del tercer sector, implicadas en las extralimitaciones institucionales


Assuntos
Humanos , Eficiência Organizacional/tendências , Doença Iatrogênica/epidemiologia , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/tendências , Erros Médicos/tendências , Filosofia Médica , Relações Interinstitucionais , 50207 , Qualidade de Vida , Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Utilização de Instalações e Serviços/tendências , Isolamento Social/psicologia
17.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 35(3): 145-156, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-188132

RESUMO

The present research investigated the effects of social exchanges of employees with their immediate manager (i.e., Leader-Member eXchange; LMX) and with their direct working unit/team (i.e., Team-Member eXchange; TMX) on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), both - towards the organization or towards colleagues. The research also explored the moderating effects of dispositional envy and the size of the working team on said associations. Data from 221 Israeli employees (Study 1) and 186 American workers (Study 2) were collected. The majority of our hypotheses were supported, with findings indicating interesting cultural differences. Implications and future research suggestions are discussed


Este estudio investiga los efectos de los intercambios sociales de los empleados con su supervisor directo (es decir, el intercambio entre líder y subordinado, LMX) y con su unidad/equipo de trabajo directo (es decir, intercambio entre el equipo y un miembro de este, TMX) en los comportamientos laborales contraproductivos, tanto en relación con la organización como con sus compañeros. La investigación también ha explorado el efecto moderador de la envidia disposicional y del tamaño del equipo en dichas asociaciones. Se recogieron datos de 221 empleados israelíes (estudio 1) y de 186 trabajadores estadounidenses (estudio 2). La mayor parte de nuestras hipótesis fueron confirmadas, descubriéndose diferencias culturales interesantes. Se discuten sus implicaciones y las propuestas de investigación futuras


Assuntos
Humanos , Eficiência Organizacional , Liderança , Processos Grupais , Relações Trabalhistas , Modelos Organizacionais , Israel , Estados Unidos , Cultura Organizacional , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Identificação Social , Desempenho Profissional , Satisfação no Emprego
18.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 35(3): 157-163, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188133

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of work design characteristics (task, knowledge, social, and contextual characteristics) in the relationship between professional self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Research has shown how motivational job design has positive consequences for individuals, increasing control and perception of internal forces (such as self-efficacy) and affects positively job satisfaction. However, little is known about how self-efficacy affects job satisfaction through job enrichment. In this study, 353 Chilean workers answered a self-reported survey. Regression analyses confirmed partially the hypotheses, showing a complete mediation of task and social characteristics of work design in the relationship between professional self-efficacy and job satisfaction. These results show how professionalself-efficacy relates to work design and highlight the importance of social and task characteristics to improve job satisfaction, contributing to a better understanding of how self-efficacy improves job satisfaction through work design


Un importante volumen de investigación ha mostrado cómo las características motivacionales del diseño del trabajo tienen consecuencias positivas para las personas, al aumentar la percepción de control y creencias como la autoeficacia,afectando positivamente a la satisfacción laboral. Sin embargo, se tiene poca información respecto a cómo puede la autoeficacia, a través del trabajo enriquecido, afectar la satisfacción laboral. Tomando esto en cuenta, el propósito de este estudio fue investigar el rol mediador de las características del diseño del trabajo (características de tarea, conocimiento, sociales y físicas) en la relación entre autoeficacia profesional y satisfacción laboral. Participaron 353 trabajadores chilenos voluntarios, quienes respondieron una encuesta de autoinforme. Los análisis de regresión lineal permitieron sostenerparcialmente las hipótesis de investigación. Se observó una mediación total de las características de tarea y conocimiento en la relación entre autoeficacia profesional y satisfacción laboral. Se advierte que la autoeficacia se relaciona con el diseño del trabajo y que las dimensiones social y de tarea del diseño del trabajo pueden incidir en la satisfacción laboral. A partir de esto se puede avanzar en la comprensión de cómo la autoeficacia aumenta la satisfacción laboral a través del diseño del puesto


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autoeficácia , Eficiência Organizacional/tendências , Satisfação no Emprego , Planejamento/métodos , Negociação/psicologia , 16360 , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Planejamento Participativo
19.
Rev. psicol. trab. organ. (1999) ; 35(3): 217-226, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-188139

RESUMO

Most theories of job crafting understand the term to refer to an individual activity, and only a few studies have focused on collaborative job crafting. The present study has two aims. First, to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Individual and Collaborative Crafting Scale. Second, to test a simple mediation model of engagement on the relationship between individual and collaborative crafting and job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 301 people. The data were analyzed using the Smart PLS statistical program, version 3.2.6., using the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling method. The results reveal that the Spanish language version of the Individual and Collaborative Crafting Scale is both valid and reliable. Moreover, engagement was found to fully mediate the relationship between job crafting and job satisfaction, with the hypothesized model explaining 78.4% of the variance observed in job satisfaction


La mayor parte de las teorías de job crafting han estudiado el término como una actividad individual. Pocas investigaciones se han centrado en el crafting colaborativo. El presente estudio tiene dos objetivos. Se pretende adaptar y validar la versión española de la escala de crafting individual y colaborativo. Además, se pretende poner a prueba un modelo de mediación simple del engagement sobre la relación entre el crafting individual y colaborativo y la satisfacción laboral. La muestra está formada por 301 personas. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo con el programa Smart PLS v. 3.2.6. usando mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Los resultados muestran que la escala de crafting individual y colaborativo en castellano es válida y fiable. Además, existe una mediación completa del engagement en la relación job crafting-satisfacción. El modelo hipotetizado explica un 78.4% de la varianza de la satisfacción laboral


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Engajamento no Trabalho , Satisfação no Emprego , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Eficiência Organizacional , 16360 , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos
20.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 31(4): 351-362, nov. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192244

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: los cambios producidos en el sistema universitario español con el proceso Bolonia hacen necesaria la realización periódica de informes de evaluación de la actividad investigadora. El objetivo de este estudio es actualizar el último ranking disponible de investigación de las universidades públicas españolas con los datos de 2013-2018. MÉTODO: se evaluó la producción y productividad de cada universidad, atendiendo a siete indicadores específicos y a una puntuación global: artículos en revistas indexadas en el JCR (Journal Citation Reports), tramos de investigación, proyectos I+D, tesis doctorales, ayudas FPU (formación de profesorado universitario), ayudas FPI (formación de personal investigador) y patentes. RESULTADOS: a nivel global, las universidades Complutense de Madrid, Barcelona y Granada se sitúan en las primeras posiciones en producción, mientras que las primeras posiciones en productividad son ocupadas por las universidades Pompeu Fabra, Autónoma de Madrid y Autónoma de Barcelona. CONCLUSIONES: las universidades que ocupan las primeras posiciones en este ranking se mantienen relativamente estables a lo largo del tiempo y son también las que destacan en clasificaciones internacionales


BACKGROUND: The changes produced in the Spanish university system due to the Bologna process require periodically updated evaluation reports of research activity. The objective of this study is to update the last available ranking of Spanish public universities, based on data from 2013-2018. METHOD: The production and productivity of each university were assessed based on seven specific indicators and a global score: articles in journals indexed in the JCR (Journal Citation Reports), research periods, R+D projects, doctoral theses, FPU (training of university professors) grants, FPI (training of personal researchers) grants, and patents. RESULTS: Globally, the universities Complutense of Madrid, Barcelona, and Granada hold the first positions in terms of production, while the first positions in terms of productivity are held by the universities Pompeu Fabra, Autonomous of Madrid, and Autonomous of Barcelona. CONCLUSIONS: The universities that hold the top positions in this ranking remain relatively steady over time and are also the Spanish universities that stand out in international classifications


Assuntos
Humanos , Eficiência Organizacional/classificação , Setor Público/classificação , Pesquisa/classificação , Universidades/classificação , Eficiência Organizacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Docentes/educação , Organização do Financiamento/classificação , Organização do Financiamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , Bibliometria , Patentes como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Público/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos
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