Ectopic ureter associated with Zinners syndrome in a kidney recipient: case report and literature review

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Zinner's Syndrome is a triad of mesonephric duct anomalies comprising unilateral renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. In this study, we present a kidney recipient with ectopic ureter associated with Zinner's syndrome and a literature review. CASE PRESENTATION A 59-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease and left renal agenesis underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation. After securing optimal renal functions, the patient underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan for the seroma that occurred under the incision. The final diagnosis was an ectopic distal ureter ending in the seminal vesicle cyst's wall and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The patient was discharged without any complications and the clinical follow up was uneventful. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Congenital seminal vesicle disorders are usually associated with ipsilateral urinary duct anomalies stemming from the same embryonic structure. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes kidney transplantation in a patient with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic ureter ending in the seminal vesicle cyst. In patients with renal agenesis, during the ipsilateral urinary tract anastomosis, the possibility of ectopic ureter should be kept in mind otherwise graft loss can occur with a high morbidity rate.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO A Síndrome de Zinner é uma tríade de anomalias do ducto mesonéfrico que compreende agenesia renal unilateral, cisto da vesícula seminal e obstrução do ducto ejaculatório. Neste estudo, apresentamos um receptor de rim com ureter ectópico associado à Síndrome de Zinner e revisão da literatura. APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO Homem de 59 anos com história de doença renal crônica e agenesia renal esquerda foi submetido a transplante de rim de doador falecido. Após função renal ideal, foi realizada tomografia computadorizada do abdome (TC) devido ao seroma sob incisão. O diagnóstico final foi um ureter distal ectópico que termina na parede do cisto da vesícula seminal e agenesia renal ipsilateral. O paciente recebeu alta sem complicações e o acompanhamento clínico ocorreu sem intercorrências. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO Os distúrbios congênitos da vesícula seminal geralmente estão associados às anomalias do ducto urinário ipsilateral devido a uma mesma estrutura embrionária. Até onde sabemos, é o primeiro relato de caso que descreve o transplante renal em um paciente com agenesia renal ipsilateral e ureter ectópico terminado no cisto da vesícula seminal. Em pacientes com agenesia renal, durante a anastomose do trato urinário ipsilateral, deve-se ter em mente a possibilidade do ureter ectópico, caso contrário, poderá ocorrer perda do enxerto com alta taxa de morbidade.

Mimosine increases the expressions of tyrosine phosphorylated protein in mouse seminal vesicles / La mimosina aumenta la expresión de la proteína tirosina fosforilada en las vesículas seminales del ratón

Acute effect of purified mimosine (MiMo) extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on testicular histopathology has been documented with seminal vesicle (SV) atrophy. Since protein phosphorylation and seminal secretions play important roles in sperm physiology, this study aimed to study the alteration of substances including tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in seminal vesicle treated with MiMo. Male mice were divided into a control and experimental groups treated with purified MiMo at 3 doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 35 consecutive days. The morphology and weights of SV were compared among groups. The levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid were assayed. The profiles of equally SV total proteins were compared using SDS-PAGE. The expression of seminal TyrPho proteins was detected by western blotting. Recent results showed the decreased weights of SV in MiMo treated mice compared to control. However MiMo in all doses did not affect the levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid. The SV protein expression of 130 and 55 kDas was obviously decreased in a high dose MiMo. In dose-dependent response, the expressions of 72 and 55 kDas TyrPho proteins of SV were increased. In conclusion, MiMo could affect SV morphological size and protein secretions especially TyrPho proteins.

El efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada (MiMo) extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en la histopatología testicular se ha documentado con atrofia de vesícula seminal (VS). Debido a que la fosforilación de proteínas y las secreciones seminales tienen un papel importante en la fisiología de los espermatozoides, este estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la alteración de sustancias como la proteína tirosina fosforilada (TyrPho) en vesículas seminales tratadas con MiMo. Los ratones se dividieron en un grupo control y un grupo experimental y se trataron con MiMo purificado en 3 dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / KgBW, respectivamente, durante 35 días seguidos. La morfología y los pesos de VS se compararon entre los grupos. Fueron analizados los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el fluido VS. Los perfiles de las proteínas totales de VS se compararon utilizando SDS-PAGE. La expresión de la proteína TyrPho en las vesículas seminales se detectó mediante transferencia de Western blot. Los resultados recientes muestran la disminución del peso de las VS en ratones tratados con MiMo, en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, en ninguna de las dosis se vieron afectados por mimosina purificada los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el líquido de las VS. La expresión de la proteína en VS de 130 y 55 kDas disminuyó notablemente en una dosis alta de MiMo. En la respuesta dependiente de la dosis, aumentaron las expresiones de 72 y 55 kDas de las proteínas TyrPho en las VS. En conclusión, la mimosina purificada podría afectar el tamaño morfológico de las VS y la expresión de proteínas, especialmente las proteínas TyrPho.

Mating with seminal vesicle-excised male can affect the uterus phospholipid fatty-acids composition during implantation in an experimental mouse model

ABSTRACT Purpose No comprehensive information is available about uterus fatty acid (FA) change during implantation period and possible effects of the seminal vesicle secretion on it. Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluated FA composition of uterus phospholipids during the implantation period in intact and seminal vesicle-excised (SVX) mated female mice. Forty NMRI female mice were divided into control (mated with intact male) and seminal vesicle excised (SVX)-mated (mated with SVX-male) groups. The phospholipid fatty acids composition was monitored during the first five days of pregnancy using gas chromatography and also implantation rate was evaluated on fifth day of pregnancy. Results We found that levels of linoleic acid (LNA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) showed a decreasing trend from the first to the third day of pregnancy and then started to increase on the fourth day and peaked on the fifth day. In contrast, the level of saturated FA (SFA) increased on the second and third day of pregnancy compared to the first (p<0.05) and then decreased on the fourth and fifth. We also found that the seminal vesicle secretion could affect the levels of LNA, ARA, SFA, and PUFA in uterine phospholipids especially on second and third day. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between ARA level and implantation rate in control but not SVX-mated groups. Conclusions It can be concluded that several uterus FA that have important roles in early pregnancy could be affected by seminal vesicle secretion.

Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in detecting extracapsular extension in intermediate and high - risk prostate cancer

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) as a predictor of extracapsular extension (ECE) and unfavorable Gleason score (GS) in patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and had preoperative mp-MRI between May-2011 and December-2013. Mp-MRI was evaluated according to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology MRI prostate guidelines by two different readers. Histopathological RP results were the standard reference. Results: 79 patients were included; mean age was 61 and median preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 7.0. On MRI, 28% patients had ECE evidenced in the mp-MRI, 5% seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and 4% lymph node involvement (LNI). At RP, 39.2% had ECE, 26.6% SVI and 12.8% LNI. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of mp-MRI for ECE were 54.9%, 90.9%, 76%, 81% and 74.1% respectively; for SVI values were 19.1%, 100%, 77.3%, 100% and 76.1% respectively and for LNI 20%, 98.4%, 86.7%, 66.7% and 88.7%. Conclusions: Major surgical decisions are made with digital rectal exam (DRE) and ultrasound studies before the use of Mp-MRI. This imaging study contributes to rule out gross extraprostatic extension (ECE, SVI, LNI) without competing with pathological studies. The specificity and NPV are reasonable to decide surgical approach. A highly experienced radiology team is needed to provide accurate estimations of tumor extension and aggressiveness.

Ultrassonografia no auxílio do diagnóstico de vesiculite seminal em touros de corte / Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of seminal vesiculites in beef bulls

A vesiculite é um processo inflamatório das glândulas vesiculares, podendo ser unilateral ou bilateral, que acomete reprodutores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a utilização da ultrassonografia como meio de diagnóstico precoce das alterações das vesículas seminais em touros. O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Videira, Santa Catarina. Analisou-se um total 42 reprodutores, com média de idade de 15 meses, das raças Aberdeen Angus e Polled Hereford em semi-confinamento. Foi realizado exame clinico do estado geral dos animais e exame andrológico dos reprodutores. As amostras de sêmen para a realização do exame das características físicas do ejaculado foram obtidas por eletroejaculação. Através da palpação retal, realizou-se a avaliação das glândulas vesiculares por ultrassonografia. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparação entre médias com nível de significância de 5%. A presença de vesiculite foi observada em 31 animais (73,8%) dos 42 analisados. Dos 31 animais portadores 11 animais (35,5%) apresentaram vesiculite bilateral e 20 apresentaram vesiculite unilateral (64,5%; P<0,05). Animais com perímetro escrotal maior tendem a desenvolver vesiculite unilateral, tal fato pode ser explicado pela precocidade sexual agravado pela sodomia entre os animais. O uso do ultrassom auxilia de forma preventiva a detecção de animais portadores de vesiculite em reprodutores.(AU)

The vesiculite is an inflammatory process of the vesicular glands, unilateral or bilateral, that affects bulls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasound as a complementary method for early detection of changes in seminal vesicles in bulls. This study was conducted in the municipality of Videira, Santa Catarina. We evaluated 42 bulls, with an average age of 15 months, Aberdeen Angus and Polled Hereford breeds and in semi-confinement. Clinical animal examination and andrological exam were performed in all animals. Semen samples were obtained by electroejaculation and physical characteristics of the ejaculate were performed. Rectal palpation was performed by ultrasonography to evaluate vesicular glands changes. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparison between means with significance level of 5%. The presence of vesiculitis was observed in 31 (73.8%) from the 42 analyzed bulls. Of the 31 animals, 11 animals (35.5%) presented bilateral vesiculitis and 20 showed unilateral vesiculitis (64.5%; P<0.05). Animals with a larger scrotal perimeter tend to develop unilateral vesiculitis, which can be explained by the sexual precocity observed by sodomy among animals. In this way, the use of ultrasound helps preventively to detect animals with vesiculitis in breeding animals.(AU)

Acute effects of mimosine purified from Leucaena leucocephala on male reproductive system of adult mice / Efectos agudos de la mimosina purificada de Leucaena leucocephala en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratones adultos

This study attempted to examine the acute effect of purified minosine extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on male reproductive system. Adults male mice were divided into 4 groups (n =8); control and 3 experimental groups treated with purified mimosine at different doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 7 consecutive days. The morphological features and weights of body and reproductive organs including testis, epididymis plus vas deferens, and seminal vesicle were compared among groups. In addition, epididymal sperm concentration and the changes of histopathology of testicular tissues in all groups were observed. The results showed that mimosine in all doses did not affect mice body weights. However, all doses of mimosine could significantly reduce the absolute and relative weights of testis and seminal vesicle but not of epididymis plus vas deferens. Significantly, mimosine at doses of 30, and 60 mg/KgBW could decrease sperm concentration. Moreover, the seminiferous atrophy and degeneration were obviously found in mimosine treated mice as compared to the control. In conclusion, consumption of Leucaena leucocephala edible parts containing mimosine could damage male reproductive organs which may cause acute male subfertility or infertility.

Este estudio intentó examinar el efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en el sistema reproductivo masculino. Se dividieron ratones machos adultos en 4 grupos (n = 8): un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales tratados con mimosina purificada a diferentes dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso, respectivamente, durante 7 días consecutivos. Se compararon entre los grupos, las características morfológicas y el peso corporal, los órganos reproductivos, incluyendo los testículos, el epidídimo más conducto deferente y vesícula seminal. Además, se observó la concentración de espermatozoides epididimarios y los cambios de la histopatología de los tejidos testiculares en todos los grupos. Los resultados mostraron que la mimosina no afectó los pesos corporales de los ratones. Sin embargo, todas las dosis de mimosina podrían reducir significativamente los pesos absolutos y relativos de los testículos y las glándulas seminales, pero no así del epidídimo y los conductos deferentes. La mimosina en dosis de 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso podría disminuir significativamente la concentración de esperma. Además, se observó la atrofia y degeneración seminífera en ratones tratados con mimosina en comparación con el grupo control. En conclusión, el consumo de partes comestibles de Leucaena leucocephala que contienen mimosina podría dañar los órganos reproductivos masculinos, lo que puede causar subfertilidad masculina aguda o infertilidad.

Methotrexate changes the testicular tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and seminal vesicle epithelia of adult rats / El metotrexato cambia la expresión de la proteína testicular-tirosina fosforilada y el epitelio vesicular seminal en ratas adultas

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used as a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant but its adverse effect on male reproductive system is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MTX on structure and functional proteins of testis and seminal vesicle. Adult male rats were divided into control and MTX groups (n =12). In 30 experimental days, the treated animals were injected with MTX (tail i.v., 75 mg/KgBW) at days 8 and 15. Then, the reproductive parameters and histology of both groups were examined. Thickness of seminal seminal vesicle epithelia was analyzed. Also, the expressions of testicular tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein were investigated. The results showed that MTX could significantly decrease epididymal sperm concentration. In addition, the germ cell degeneration, increased spaces of interstitial tissues, and low epididymal sperm mass density were observed in MTX group. The thickness of seminal vesicle epithelia in MTX group was significantly lower than that of control group. Moreover, the intensity of testicular phosphorylated proteins of 31, 32, 72, and 85 kDas was significantly increased while of 42 and 47 kDas in MTX group was decreased as compared to control. The expression of testicular StAR protein in MTX group was also significantly decreased as compared to the control. In conclusion, MTX affects testicular and seminal tissues and changes testicular functional proteins in adult rats.

El metotrexato (MTX) se usa comúnmente como agente de quimioterapia y supresor del sistema inmunitario, pero su efecto adverso en el sistema reproductor masculino sigue siendo limitado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto del MTX sobre la estructura y las proteínas funcionales del testículo y la vesícula seminal. Ratas macho adultas se dividieron en grupos control y grupo con MTX (n = 12). En 30 días experimentales, a los animales tratados se les inyectó MTX (cola i.v., 75 mg / KgBW) los días 8 y 15. Luego, se examinaron los parámetros reproductivos y la histología de ambos grupos. Se analizó el espesor del epitelio de la vesícula seminal. Además, se investigaron las expresiones de la proteína tirosina testicular fosforilada y de la proteína reguladora aguda esteroidogénica (StAR). Los resultados mostraron que el MTX podría disminuir significativamente la concentración de espermatozoides epididimarios. Además, se observó la degeneración de las células germinales, el aumento de los espacios de los tejidos intersticiales y la baja densidad de masa del espermatozoide epididimal en el grupo de MTX. El grosor del epitelio de la vesícula seminal en el grupo MTX fue significativamente menor que el del grupo control. Además, la intensidad de las proteínas testiculares fosforiladas de 31, 32, 72 y 85 kDas aumentó significativamente, mientras que la de 42 y 47 kDas en el grupo MTX disminuyó en comparación con el control. La expresión de la proteína StAR testicular en el grupo MTX también se redujo significativamente en comparación con el control. En conclusión, el MTX afecta los tejidos testiculares y seminales y cambia las proteínas funcionales testiculares en ratas adultas.

Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings in seminal vesicle pathologies

ABSTRACT Purpose Congenital and acquired pathologies of the seminal vesicles (SV) are rare diseases. The diagnosis of SV anomalies is frequently delayed or wrong due to the rarity of these diseases and the lack of adequate evaluation of SV pathology. For this reason, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate SV pathologies and accompanying genitourinary system abnormalities. Materials and Methods Between March 2012 and December 2015, 1455 male patients with different provisional diagnosis underwent MRI. Congenital and acquired pathology of the SV was identified in 42 of these patients. The patients were categorized according to their SV pathologies. The patients were analyzed in terms of genitourinary system findings associated with SV pathologies. Results SV pathologies were accompanied by other genitourinary system findings. Congenital SV pathologies were bilateral or predominantly in the left SV. Patients with bilateral SV hypoplasia were diagnosed at an earlier age compared to patients with unilateral SV agenesis. There was a significant association between abnormal signal intensity in the SV and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and patient age. Conclusion SV pathologies are rare diseases of the genitourinary system. The association between seminal vesicle pathology and other genitourinary system diseases requires complete genitourinary system evaluation that includes the seminal vesicles.

Resolución laparoscópica de tumores de vesícula seminal: presentación de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura / Laparoscopic resolution of seminal vesicular tumors: 2 cases report and literature review

RESUMEN La patología tumoral de las vesículas seminales es extremadamente poco frecuente. Sólo existen reportes de series de casos que no logran ser más de 150 en todo el mundo. Por lo mismo, no existen pautas de recomendación para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. A propósito de 2 casos de tumores de vesículas seminales ocurridos en un período de 12 meses en nuestro centro, hemos decidido realizar una revisión de la literatura actual sobre el estudio y manejo de esta patología poco frecuente. La sintomatología es inespecífica, y su diagnóstico comprende una combinación de test sanguíneos, imagenológicos e histopatológicos en su mayoría para descartar otras neoplasias. El tratamiento es multimodal el cual incluye resección quirúrgica donde la vía laparoscópica es el patrón de oro, asociado a adyuvancia con hormonoterapia y/o radioterapia. Su pronóstico es pobre debido al diagnóstico en etapas avanzadas, por lo que se requiere un alto índice de sospecha diagnóstica para lograr realizar un tratamiento oportuno.(AU)

Abstract The tumor pathology of the seminal vesicles is extremely rare. There are only reports of series of cases that fail to be more than 150 worldwide. For this reason, there are no recommendation guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. With regard to 2 cases of seminal vesicle tumors that occurred in a period of 12 months in our center, we decided to review the current literature on the study and management of this rare pathology. The symptomatology is non-specific, and its diagnosis includes a combination of blood, imaging and histopathological tests, mostly to rule out other neoplasms. The treatment is multimodal, which includes surgical resection where the laparoscopic approach is the gold standard, associated with adjuvance with hormone therapy and / or radiotherapy. Its prognosis is poor due to the diagnosis in advanced stages, which is why a high index of diagnostic suspicion is required to achieve an opportune treatment.(AU)

Análise histoquímica das glândulas anexas do aparelho reprodutor do macho de paca (Cuniculus paca) / Histochemical analysis of the accessory glands of male paca (Cuniculus paca)

A paca (Cuniculus paca) é um roedor típico de regiões tropicais. Com a finalidade de estudar esta espécie selvagem para manejo adequado e sua preservação, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar a histoquímica das glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor do macho da paca. Para este fim, cortes histológicos dessas glândulas foram submetidas às reações histoquímicas com Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB), PAS. + AB. e PAS + Amilase. Na glândula bulbouretral foi constatado que o epitélio produz secreção rica em glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas, glicosaminoglicanas, e em algumas regiões produz mais de um tipo de secreção. Não foi observada a presença de glicogênio no epitélio. Na glândula vesicular, seu epitélio em borda em escova corou-se por glicoproteínas neutras e também por substância de composição desconhecida, não contendo glicoproteínas ácidas, glicogênio ou glicosaminoglicanas. Verificou-se presença de pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas ácidas e neutras na próstata, em especial na mucosa, além de glicoproteínas ácidas carboxiladas e sulfatadas em pequena quantidade no tecido conjuntivo da lâmina própria dessa glândula. Por fim, a glândula coaguladora apresentou pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas neutras na borda em escova de seu epitélio e substância de composição desconhecida, sendo ausente o glicogênio. Conclui-se que as glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor da paca apresentam características histoquímicas que compartilham certa similaridade com outras espécies da ordem Rodentia, com a presença de glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas em algumas glândulas, principalmente no epitélio da glândula bulbouretal e na borda em escova do epitélio das demais glândulas.(AU)

Paca is a wild rodent typical of the tropical region. In order to study this species with focus on the proper management and preservation, this study aims to characterize the histochemistry of the accessory glands of the reproductive tract of the male paca. For this purpose, histological sections were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue (AB), PAS + AB e PAS + Amilase. In the histochemical reaction of the bulbouretral gland was found that the epithelium produces secretion rich in neutral and acid glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and in some regions produces more than one type of secretion. The epithelium did not contain any glycogen. In the vesicular gland the epithelium had bush border stained by neutral glycoproteins, but no acid glycoproteins, glycogen or glycosaminoglycan. The coagulating gland showed small amount of neutral glycoproteins in the brush border of the epithelium, without glycogen. It is concludes that the accessory glands of paca have histochemical characteristics that share some similarity with other species of the Order Rodentia, with some glands with neutral and acid glycoproteins, mainly in the epithelium of the bulbouretral gland and in the brush border of the other glands.(AU)

Análise histoquímica das glândulas anexas do aparelho reprodutor do macho de paca (Cuniculus paca) / Histochemical analysis of the accessory glands of male paca (Cuniculus paca)

Paca is a wild rodent typical of the tropical region. In order to study this species with focus on the proper management and preservation, this study aims to characterize the histochemistry of the accessory glands of the reproductive tract of the male paca. For this purpose, histological sections were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue (AB), PAS + AB e PAS + Amilase. In the histochemical reaction of the bulbouretral gland was found that the epithelium produces secretion rich in neutral and acid glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and in some regions produces more than one type of secretion. The epithelium did not contain any glycogen. In the vesicular gland the epithelium had bush border stained by neutral glycoproteins, but no acid glycoproteins, glycogen or glycosaminoglycan. The coagulating gland showed small amount of neutral glycoproteins in the brush border of the epithelium, without glycogen. It is concludes that the accessory glands of paca have histochemical characteristics that share some similarity with other species of the Order Rodentia, with some glands with neutral and acid glycoproteins, mainly in the epithelium of the bulbouretral gland and in the brush border of the other glands.

A paca (Cuniculus paca) é um roedor típico de regiões tropicais. Com a finalidade de estudar esta espécie selvagem para manejo adequado e sua preservação, objetivou-se neste trabalho caracterizar a histoquímica das glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor do macho da paca. Para este fim, cortes histológicos dessas glândulas foram submetidas às reações histoquímicas com Ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB), PAS. + AB. e PAS + Amilase. Na glândula bulbouretral foi constatado que o epitélio produz secreção rica em glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas, glicosaminoglicanas, e em algumas regiões produz mais de um tipo de secreção. Não foi observada a presença de glicogênio no epitélio. Na glândula vesicular, seu epitélio em borda em escova corou-se por glicoproteínas neutras e também por substância de composição desconhecida, não contendo glicoproteínas ácidas, glicogênio ou glicosaminoglicanas. Verificou-se presença de pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas ácidas e neutras na próstata, em especial na mucosa, além de glicoproteínas ácidas carboxiladas e sulfatadas em pequena quantidade no tecido conjuntivo da lâmina própria dessa glândula. Por fim, a glândula coaguladora apresentou pequena quantidade de glicoproteínas neutras na borda em escova de seu epitélio e substância de composição desconhecida, sendo ausente o glicogênio. Conclui-se que as glândulas anexas do trato reprodutor da paca apresentam características histoquímicas que compartilham certa similaridade com outras espécies da ordem Rodentia, com a presença de glicoproteínas neutras e ácidas em algumas glândulas, principalmente no epitélio da glândula bulbouretal e na borda em escova do epitélio das demais glândulas.

Effect of sesame-supplemented diet on prostate and seminal vesicle histology of adult rat / Efecto de la dieta suplementada con sésamo en la histología de la próstata y vesícula seminal de ratas adultas

Infertility is a great concern among the people of reproductive age. The use of natural products obtained from traditional herbs is appealing. Studies show that antioxidants are important in improving male infertility. Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into two regimen and control groups. The regimen group received diet containing 30 % sesame seed, while the control group received standard diet for 12 weeks. Histology of prostate and seminal vesicle were evaluated and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations were assessed as well. The results showed that, the diameter of peripheral epithelium and the volume density of the prostate epithelium increased but the volume density of the prostate stroma was decreased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group. Central epithelium diameter and the volume density of the prostate lumen did not change significantly between two groups. In seminal vesicle, volume density of fibromascular and lumen decreased significantly in regimen group compared to control group. FSH and Testosterone level did not change while LH concentration increased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group (P <0.03). This study shows that the sesame seed might improve male rat reproductive systems by histopathological changes in prostate and seminal vesicle.

La infertilidad es una gran preocupación para las personas en edad reproductiva y el uso de productos naturales obtenidos a partir de hierbas tradicionales es interesante. Los estudios demuestran que los antioxidantes son importantes en la mejora de la infertilidad masculina. Treinta ratas macho, adultas, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos, experimental y control. El grupo experimental recibió dieta con un 30 % de semillas de sésamo, mientras que el grupo control recibió dieta estándar durante 12 semanas. Fueron evaluadas la histología de próstata y vesícula seminal, así como los niveles séricos de las concentraciones de FSH, LH y testosterona. Los resultados mostraron que el diámetro del epitelio periférico y la densidad de volumen del epitelio de la próstata aumentaron, pero la densidad de volumen del estroma de próstata se redujo significativamente en el grupo experimental en comparación con el grupo control. El diámetro del epitelio central y la densidad de volumen del lumen de la próstata no presentaron cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. En la vesícula seminal, la densidad de volumen fibromuscular y el lumen se redujeron significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control. FSH y el nivel de testosterona no cambiaron, mientras que la concentración de LH aumentó significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control (P <0,03). Este estudio indica que la semilla de sésamo podría mejorar los sistemas reproductivos de ratas macho a partir de cambios histopatológicos en la próstata y las vesículas seminales.

Distribution of lymphocytes, immunoglobulin-containing cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the accessory sex glands of rams experimentally infected with actinobacillus seminis / Distribuição de linfócitos, células carreadoras de imunoglobulinas, macrófagos e células dendríticas em glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros infectados experimentalmente com actinobacillus seminis

The distribution of cells involved in the immune response in accessory sex glands of rams experimentally infected with Actinobacillus seminis was studied. Twelve one-year old rams were experimentally infected by intraurethral (IU) (n=4) and intraepididymal (IE) (n=4) route, and four control (CON) animals were used. The animals were slaughtered 35 days post-inoculation, samples were taken from accessory sex glands, and bacteriology and histopathology tests were performed. The presence of CD4, CD8 and TCRγδ (WC1) lymphocytes, CD45RO cells, macrophages (CD14), dendritic cells (CD1b), IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells (IgCC) was determined. Animals of the IE group developed clinical epididymitis. No lesions were seen in rams of the IU group; two of the intraepididymal inoculated CON developed small lesions in the epididymis. A. seminis isolates were achieved from 6:16 (37.5%) accessory sex glands in the IE group, but not in the IU and CON groups. In the CON group, IgA- and IgM- containing cells predominated in the bulbourethral glands and the disseminated prostate, and they were scarce or null in the vesicles and ampullae. A significant increase of IgA-, IgG- and IgM- containing cells was confirmed in the seminal vesicles, the ampullae and the bulbourethral glands in the IE group. In the IE and IU groups, an increase in CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO and CD14 was evidenced in the vesicles and ampullae. CD1b dendritic cells were present in the ampullae and vesicles with inflammatory processes. A. seminis triggered a local immune response in the IE and IU groups. These results indicate a different pattern of infiltrating immune cells in the accessory sex glands of infected A. seminis rams.

A distribuição das células envolvidas na resposta imune em glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros experimentalmente infectados com Actinobacillus seminis foi estudada. Doze carneiros de um ano de idade foram experimentalmente infectados via intrauretral (IU) (n=4) e via intraepididimal (IE) (n=4) e quatro animais controles (CON) foram utilizados. Os animais foram abatidos 35 dias após a inoculação, amostras foram retiradas das glândulas sexuais acessórias e testes bacteriológicos e histopatológicos foram realizados. A presença de linfócitos CD4, CD8 e TCRγδ (WC1), células CD45RO, macrófagos (CD14), células dendríticas (CD1b) e células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM (IgCC) foi determinada. Os animais do grupo IE desenvolveram epididimite clínica. Não foram visualizadas lesões nos carneiros do grupo IU, dois dos CON inoculados intraepididimalmente desenvolveram pequenas lesões no epidídimo. Isolados de A. seminis foram obtidos de 6:16 (37,5%) nas glândulas sexuais acessórias no grupo IE mas não nos grupos IU e CON. No grupo CON células contendo IgA and IgM predominaram nas glândulas bulbouretrais e na próstata e foram escassas ou ausentes nas vesículas e na ampola. Um incremento significativo de células contendo IgA, IgG and IgM foi confirmado nas vesículas seminais, na ampola e nas glândulas bulbouretrais no grupo IE. Nos grupos IE e IU foi evidenciado um aumento em CD4, CD8, WC1, CD45RO e CD14 nas vesículas e ampola. As células dendríticas CD1b estavam presentes na ampola e nas vesículas com processo inflamatório. A. seminis induziu uma resposta imune local nos grupos IE e IU. Estes resultados indicam um padrão diferente de células imunes infiltrantes nas glândulas sexuais acessórias de carneiros infectados por A. seminis.

Quiste gigante de vesícula seminal: presentación atípica de una patología infrecuente / Giant seminal vesicle cyst: atypical presentation of a rare disease

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 14 años que hizo una consulta de control por un encondroma en el fémur izquierdo. La resonancia magnética (RM) de caderas reveló, accidentalmente, un quiste gigante de la vesícula seminal derecha. Si bien se indicó una urografía por RM, esta fue suspendida por un cuadro de claustrofobia del paciente y se realizó una tomografía computada abdómino-pélvica con y sin contraste endovenoso. La patología de las vesículas seminales (VS) puede clasificarse en congénita o adquirida. El primer tipo tiene baja prevalencia (siendo el quiste y la agenesia los más comunes en la práctica diaria) y puede coexistir, a menudo, con anomalías ipsilaterales del tracto urinario superior y genital, debido a la estrecha relación en los hombres de los sistemas reproductor y urinario durante la embriogénesis. También se ha descrito su vinculación con anomalías óseas y vasculares. La escasa frecuencia de presentación y el amplio espectro de potenciales hallazgos asociados suelen dificultar el diagnóstico. Lo habitual es iniciar la evaluación con una ecografía abdominal o transrectal, según la edad y tolerancia del paciente, y continuar con una RM, aunque para confirmar los hallazgos pueden ser necesarios otros procedimientos, como la vesículo-deferentografía (VDG). Esta fue tradicionalmente el método de referencia para el diagnóstico, pero en la actualidad se aplica en casos seleccionados. El tratamiento de las malformaciones está restringido a pacientes sintomáticos y usualmente consiste en una vesiculectomía, con o sin extirpación del riñón displásico o hipoplásico

The case is presented of a 14 year-old boy with a previous diagnosis of left femur enchondroma. The pelvic and hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unexpectedly revealed a right giant seminal vesicle cyst. He was evaluated by performing abdominal-pelvic computed tomography, with and without intravenous contrast. The pathology of the seminal vesicles (SV) can be classified as congenital and acquired. The first type has low prevalence (cyst and agenesis being the most frequently encountered in daily practice) and often co-exists with ipsilateral abnormalities in the upper urinary tract and genital organs, due to the close relationship of the male reproductive and urinary systems during embryogenesis. The association with bone and vascular anomalies has also been described. Abdominal and trans-rectal ultrasound, followed by abdominal and pelvic MRI, are the most accurate methods for preoperative diagnosis. Vesiculo-de/erentography (traditionally the gold standard test for diagnosis) is only applied in selected cases. The treatment, vesiculectomy, with or without removal of dysplastic or hypoplastic kidney, is restricted to symptomatic patients

Morpho-histometric evaluations of pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal vesicular gland of indigenous bulls of Bangladesh / Evaluaciones morfohistométricas de la glándula vesicular prepuberal, púberal y postpuberal de bovinos nativos de Bangladesh

The present observation was aimed to evaluate the gross and histometric parameters of the vesicular glands of indigenous bulls. Twenty-eight bulls of three age groups were selected from the local market: the pre pubertal group A (<1 year n=4), pubertal group B (1.5­2.5 years, n=16) and post pubertal or adult group C (above 3 years, n=8). The weight, length (anterio-posterior), width (latero-medial) and the thickness (dorso-ventral) of the both left and right vesicular glands were recorded separately after slaughter of each animal. The left and right vesicular gland shows significantly different (p<0.01), in weight and length in every group. Left vesicular glands were slightly higher than the right in all parameters. The lobules of the gland showed folded mucosa, lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Three types of cells were identified in the epithelium containing A, B and C cell. Type A cells were tall columnar cells having distinct cell boundaries with the oval, round or elongated nucleus. Type B cells were located in the basal lamina having round or oval nucleus with indistinct cell boundaries. Type C cells were narrow columnar cells interspersed between A cells with darkly stained cytoplasm. Lamina propria consisted of loose connective tissue surrounded the alveoli, tubules and some solid end pieces. The numbers of secretory end pieces were variable. The diameters of luminated or non-luminated acini of the glandular end pieces and ducts were increased gradually and significantly (p<0.01) with the advancement of age. The epithelial height of the duct and alveoli were increased with the advancement of age, but no significantly differences among them. Tunica adventitia and muscularis grew with the advancement of age while the interstitial tissue shrunk equally. Above all parameters help to conclude that the vesicular glands of the pubertal indigenous bulls were more functional.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar los parámetros macroscópicos e histométricos de las glándulas vesiculares de toros autóctonos. Veinticuatro toros fueron seleccionados en el mercado local y agrupados según la edad en: grupo prepuberal A (<1 año; n=4), grupo puberal B (1.5­2,5 años; n=16) y postpuberal o adulto C (por sobre 3 años; n=8). Se registró el peso, longitud (antero-posterior), ancho (latero-medial) y espesor (dorso-ventral) de las glándulas vesiculares izquierda y derecha por separado, después de sacrificado cada animal. Las glándulas vesiculares izquierda y derecha presentaron diferencia significativa (P<0,01) en cuanto al peso y longitud en cada grupo. Las glándulas vesiculares izquierdas fueron ligeramente mayores en relación a la derecha en todos los parámetros. Los lóbulos de la glándula mostraron una mucosa plegada, cubierta con epitelio columnar pseudoestratificado. Se identificaron tres tipos de células en el epitelio, conteniendo células de tipo A, B y C. Las células de tipo A eran células columnares altas con núcleos ovalados, redondos o alargados. Las células de tipo B se localizaron en la lámina basal, presentando un núcleo redondo o oval con límites celulares indistintos. Las células de tipo C eran células columnares estrechas intercaladas entre las células de tipo A, presentando un citoplasma oscuro. La lámina propia estaba constituida por tejido conectivo laxo, rodeada de alvéolos, túbulos y algunas piezas terminales sólidas. El número de extremos de secreción fue variable. El diámetro de los acinos con luz y sin luz de las piezas terminales y conductos glandulares aumentaron de manera gradual y significativa con el avance de la edad (P<0,01). La altura del epitelio del conducto y alvéolos aumentó con el avance de la edad, pero sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Las túnicas adventicia y muscular aumentaron con el avance de la edad, mientras que el tejido intersticial se retrajo de manera proporcional. A partir de todos los parámetros analizados, se puede concluir que las glándulas vesiculares de los toros del grupo puberal fueron las más funcionales.

External validation of a brazilian predictive nomogram for pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy in tertiary teaching institutions: the USP nomograms

Purposes(a) To externally validate the Crippa and colleagues’ nomograms combining PSA, percentage of positive biopsy cores (PPBC) and biopsy Gleason score to predict organ-confined disease (OCD) in a contemporary sample of patients treated at a tertiary teaching institution. (b) To adjust such variables, resulting in predictive nomograms for OCD and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI): the USP nomograms.Materials and MethodsThe accuracy of Crippa and colleagues’ nomograms for OCD prediction was examined in 1002 men submitted to radical prostatectomy between 2005 and 2010 at the University of São Paulo (USP). ROC-derived area under the curve (AUC) and Brier scores were used to assess the discriminant properties of nomograms for OCD. Nomograms performance was explored graphically with LOESS smoothing plots. Furthermore, univariate analysis and logistic regression models targeted OCD and SVI. Variables consisted of PSA, PPBC, biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage. The resulted predictive nomograms for OCD and SVI were internally validated with bootstrapping and the same abovementioned procedures.ResultsCrippa and colleagues’ nomograms for OCD showed ROC AUC = 0.68 (CI: 0.65-0.70), Brier score = 0.17 and overestimation in LOESS plots. USP nomograms for OCD and SVI showed ROC AUC of 0.73 (CI: 0.70-0.76) and 0.77 (CI: 0.73-0.79), respectively, and Brier scores of 0.16 and 0.08, respectively. The LOESS plots showed excellent calibration for OCD and underestimation for SVI.ConclusionsCrippa and colleagues’ nomograms showed moderate discrimination and considerable OCD overestimation. USP nomograms showed good discrimination for OCD and SVI, as well as excellent calibration for OCD and SVI underestimation.

Leptin and leptin receptor expressions in prostate tumors may predict disease aggressiveness?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of leptin and its receptor in histological sections of prostate tumors, and their association with prognostic factors. METHODS: A total of 532 surgical specimens from prostate cancer were studied. After histopathological diagnosis, the samples were included in tissue microarrays containing cores from tumor and non-tumor (benign prostatic hyperplasia) areas. These were immunostained with anti-leptin and anti-leptin-receptor antibodies. Objective and subjective analyses were performed. Student's-t-test and ANOVA were used to compare mean values, and linear regression was used to evaluate the correlation between histological results and prognostic indicators. RESULTS: Leptin receptor expression was reduced in tumors with a positive surgical margin, urethral margin involvement, and seminal vesicles invasion. Further, there was a negative correlation between the expression of leptin receptor in tumor areas and the sum of prognostic factors, suggesting that leptin receptor may predict the aggressiveness of disease. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that leptin receptor expression is a potential prognostic factor for PCa. Further investigation is needed to support the use of leptin receptor as a novel biomarker, although leptin itself does not seem to predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. .

Magnetic Resonance Image in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis

Objective Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the results of magnetic resonance image 1.5T with endorectal coil in the diagnosis and evaluation of extra-prostatic extension and involvement of seminal vesicles of prostate cancer, compared to the histopathological results of the radical prostatectomy specimen. Materials and Methods It was conducted a systematic review of literature and meta-analyses of all studies data published after 2008. In those studies, the patients with prostate cancer with indication to radical prostatectomy were submitted to magnetic resonance image (MRI) at pre-operatory period and the results were compared to those of histopathological studies after the surgery. The selected terms for research included prostate cancer, magnetic resonance, radical prostatectomy, and prostate cancer diagnosis, in the databases EMBASE, LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library. The data were collected using a specific qualitative instrument and the meta-analysis data were presented in the forest plot graphics, homogeneity test and sROC curves and funnel plot. Results A total of seven studies were included, with a total of 603 patients. Among these studies, six evaluated the value of MRI for the detection of prostate cancer, and the median sensitivity of meta-analysis was 0.6 and specificity 0.58, but with heterogeneity among the studies. Three studies evaluated extra-prostatic extension with a median sensitivity of 0.49, specificity 0.82 and heterogeneity only for sensitivity. Three studies evaluated invasion of seminal vesicles, with median sensitivity of 0.45 and specificity 0.96, with heterogeneity in both analysis. Conclusion Magnetic resonance of 1.5T with endocoil showed low values of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. The reviewed studies showed a significant heterogeneity among them. The best observed result was MRI specificity for invasion of seminal ...

Morphology and biometric of the vesicular and bulbourethralglands in castrated and non-castratedSanta Inesbreed sheep

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to determine the topography, biometry and light microscopyimage of the vesicular and bulbourethral glands in order to analyze morphologic features of the accessorysexual glands in castrated and non-castrated animals.Materials and Methods:The morphology of theaccessory sexual glands was investigated in 14 adult Santa Inesbreed sheep, weighing 32 kg, on average.Six of them were castrated, and eight, non-castrated. For macroscopic study, the description of these twoglands was carried out, as well as dissection and biometry study. Moreover, weight, length, height andwidth measurements were evaluated. For histological analysis, the vesicular and bulbourethral glands weresampled.Results:The topography of the reproductive glands was similar to bovine species. However, lowermacroscopic measurements (p < 0,05) in the glands of the castrated sheep were evidenced when comparedwith the non-castrated ones. Characteristics such as shape of the glands, composition of the layer mucosa,the lamina propria, muscular, the excretory ducts and the adventitia were determined.Conclusion:Sheepcastration promoted changes in the biometric measures of the glands, which were lower in castrated animals.The morphological and biometric characteristics of the vesicular and bulbourethral glands in sheep weredetermined.