Short-term outcome of polytetrafluoroethylene membrane valve versus transannular pericardial patch reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in tetralogy of fallot: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Introduction: Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract during primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot often requires the placement of a transannular patch which results in pulmonary regurgitation (PR). We compared the short-term outcomes of bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene membrane valve versus transannular pericardial patch reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients undergoing primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot were randomly allocated to two groups - polytetrafluoroethylene valve (PTFEV) group (n=15) and transannular pericardial patch (TAP) group (n=15). The two groups had similar preoperative demographic characteristics. We compared the short-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes between these groups. The transthoracic echocardiographic follow-up was performed at one week, one month and six months after surgery. Results: The PTFEV group had significantly lower central venous pressure in the immediate postoperative period compared to the TAP group (7.60±2.06 vs. 10.13±1.73, P=0.002). Extubation time was significantly shorter in the PTFEV group compared to the TAP group (12.93±7.55 hrs vs. 22.23±15.11 hrs, P=0.04). PR in the PTFEV group was absent in five patients at 24 hours post-surgery. At the study endpoint, PR was absent in six, trivial in one and mild in eight patients in the PTFEV group compared to TAP group, where all 15 patients had severe PR. Conclusion: The bicuspid polytetrafluoroethylene membrane valves significantly decrease the central venous pressure in the immediate postoperative period, facilitate early extubation and, thus, prevent ventilator-related comorbidities. They achieve a high degree of pulmonary competence and do not increase the right ventricular outflow tract gradient in short-term follow-up.

Implante percutáneo de válvula pulmonar: a propósito de dos casos colombianos / Percutaneous pulmonary valve implant: Two Colombian case reports

Resumen Los pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas que afectan la continuidad del ventrículo derecho con la arteria pulmonar deben someterse con frecuencia a intervenciones debido a la limitada vida útil de los conductos quirúrgicos, lo que lleva al desarrollo de disfunción ventricular derecha por cambios en la geometría ventricular y predisposición a arritmias letales, con el consiguiente riesgo de reintervenciones. El implante valvular percutáneo pulmonar es una nueva alternativa terapéutica, menos invasiva en comparación con la quirúrgica, para pacientes seleccionados. Se realiza una revisión de las publicaciones médicas actuales disponibles y se describe la experiencia inicial del implante valvular pulmonar percutáneo en un centro colombiano de alta complejidad para el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, en dos pacientes con disfunción del homoinjerto aórtico en posición pulmonar con doble lesión valvular, en los cuales el implante valvular pulmonar percutáneo fue una conducta exitosa. Se eligió a pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas, conductos quirúrgicos disfuncionales con estenosis o insuficiencia pulmonar significativa, y disfunción y dilatación ventricular derechas. Se empleó la técnica regular para el implante de la válvula pulmonar Melody, sin documentarse complicaciones durante el procedimiento ni al año de seguimiento. El implante percutáneo de la válvula pulmonar es un gran avance en el tratamiento de pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas, con resultados favorables a corto y mediano plazos, lo cual hace posible la restauración de la función ventricular con riesgo mínimo, frente al reemplazo quirúrgico en pacientes seleccionados.

Abstract Patients with congenital heart disease that involves reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract must frequently undergo interventions derived from the limited useful life of the surgical canals, which leads to the development of right ventricular dysfunction due to changes in the ventricular geometry and predisposition to lethal arrhythmias, with the consequent risk of reinterventions. The percutaneous pulmonary valvular implant is a new therapeutic alternative, less invasive, compared to surgery, for selected patients. A review of the available literature is made and the initial experience of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in a Colombian center of high complexity for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is described, in two patients with aortic homograft dysfunction in a pulmonary position with double valvular lesion, in which the percutaneous pulmonary valve implant was a successful strategy. Patients with congenital heart disease were chosen, with dysfunctional surgical conduits with stenosis or significant pulmonary insufficiency, with dysfunction and right ventricular dilatation. The standard technique for the implantation of the Melody pulmonary valve was used, without complications during the procedure or one year of follow-up. Percutaneous implantation of the pulmonary valve is a great advance in the management of patients with congenital heart diseases, with favorable results in the short and medium term, allowing the restoration of ventricular function with minimal risk, compared to surgical replacement in selected patients.

Endocarditis de Libman-Sacks de válvulas nativas derechas en contexto de síndrome antifosfolípido y lupus eritematoso sistémico: ¡cuando el tratamiento marca la diferencia! / Libman-Sacks endocarditis of right native valves in the context of antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: when treatment makes a difference!

We report the case of a 54 years old woman with antiphospholipid syndrome in irregular therapy, admitted due to exertional dyspnea and orthopnea. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed dilated cardiomyopathy with biventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension and masses related to the pulmonary and tricuspid valve without autonomic movement. The crops and white count were normal, with alteration of the SAF test, in addition, SLE was diagnosed. It was started therapy for heart failure, steroids, rituximab and anticoagulation, with improving of the symptoms. The echocardiographic control showed remission of the tricuspid masses and similar dimensions of the pulmonary mass.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 54años con síndrome antifosfolípido en terapia irregular, quien ingresa por disnea de esfuerzo que progresó a ortopnea. El ecocardiograma transtorácico evidenció cardiopatía dilatada con disfunción sistólica biventricular, hipertensión pulmonar y masas relacionadas con válvula pulmonar y tricúspide sin movimiento autonómico. Los cultivos y cuenta blanca estaban normales, con alteración de las pruebas del SAF, haciéndose, además, diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico. Se inició terapia para insuficiencia cardiaca, esteroides, rituximab y anticoagulantes, mejorando la clínica. El ecocardiograma control mostró remisión de las masas tricuspídeas y similares dimensiones de la masa pulmonar.

Tetralogía de Fallot con síndrome de válvula pulmonar ausente: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Tetralogia de Fallot com síndrome da valva pulmonar ausente: Relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome: Case report and literature review

La tetralogía de Fallot es la cardiopatía congénita cianótica más frecuente del adulto. El síndrome de válvula pulmonar ausente constituye una variante poco frecuente, que representa del 3% al 6% de los pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 29 años de edad, con tetralogía de Fallot y síndrome de válvula pulmonar ausente, los hallazgos del examen físico y los principales exámenes complementarios; como así también su evolución y una revisión de la literatura.

The tetralogy of Fallot is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart disease in adult. Absent pulmonary valve syndrome is a rare variant, representing 3% to 6% of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. We present the case of a 29-year-old male patient with tetralogy of Fallot and absent pulmonary valve syndrome, physical examination findings and major complementary examinations; as well as its evolution and a review of the literature.

A tetralogia de Fallot é a doença congênita cianótica mais comum cardíacas em adultos. A síndrome valva pulmonar ausente é uma variante rara, que representa de 3% a 6% dos pacientes com tetralogia de Fallot. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente masculino de 29 anos de idade, com tetralogia de Fallot e síndrome da valva pulmonar ausente, exame físico e os principais estudos complementares; bem como a sua evolução e uma revisão da literatura.

Quando a ressonância magnética importa para a avaliação das cardiopatias / When Magnetic resonance imaging matters for the evaluation of cardiopathies

A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é uma modalidade de imagem não invasiva capaz de fornecer informações precisas e, muitas vezes, únicas na investigação de cardiopatias em geral e, em especial, nas cardiomiopatias. A capacidade de caracterizar precisamente o miocárdio do ponto de vista de sua contratilidade e suas características teciduais, diferenciando precisamente o miocárdio normal da fibrose miocárdica e identificando o edema miocárdio nas situações de agressão aguda ou recente do miocárdio, tornam a RMC indispensável hoje em qualquer serviço terciário e avançado de cardiologia do mundo. Neste artigo revisamos as aplicações clássicas e mais recentes da RMC em cardiopatias não isquêmicas, dividindo o uso das técnicas de RMC em dois grandes grupos: investigação da insuficiência cardíaca e das arritmias ventriculares. Dentro destes dois grupos pontuamos as etiologias mais importantes e frequentemente envolvidas. Na síndrome da insuficiência cardíaca destacam-se a cardiomiopatia dilatada com a fibrose mesocárdica linear septal e a miocardite viral com a manifestação de fibrose multifocal e mesoepicárdica. Uma proporção das cardiomiopatias dilatadas pode ter origem em uma miocardite viral prévia. A sarcoidose cardíaca pode apresentar uma variedade de tipos de realce tardio de padrão não isquêmico e isquêmico, e ser associada tanto ao quadro clínico de IC como de arritmia. A presença de sarcoidose pulmonar ou sistêmica pode ou não estar presente. A amiloidose cardíaca é o protótipo da cardiomiopatia restritiva e pode ser identificada pela RMC pelo padrão de realce tardio miocárdico global circunferencial (tipo AL) ou difuso, poupando o ápex do ventrículo esquerdo (tipo transtirretina). Finalmente, uma entidade ainda pouco entendida, a não compactação do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), em geral não apresenta realce tardio, mas tem fenótipo de trabeculação ventricular típico. No grupo das síndromes arrítmicas revisamos várias etiologias frequentemente associadas a esta apresentação clínica. Na hemossiderose cardíaca os valores de T2* abaixo de 20 ms indicam precisamente sobrecarga significativa de ferro miocárdico e associação com disfunção ventricular e arritmia ventricular. Na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, a hipertrofia assimétrica e a fibrose miocárdica difusa, heterogênea e que acomete focalmente as inserções ventriculares, constituem o padrão clássico. Quantidade de fibrose acima de 15% da massa ventricular esquerda indica risco duas vezes maior de morte súbita. Na cardiomiopatia/displasia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito (VD), os volumes e a função ventricular direita global e segmentar pela RMC são partes fundamentais dos critérios diagnósticos da displasia pelo consenso atual. A cardiomiopatia chagásica tem mostrado intensa fibrose miocárdica desde as fases iniciais, mais intensa em homens que mulheres e frequentemente associada à edema miocárdico, marcador de provável inflamação crônica. A endomiocardiofibrose apresenta imagem patognomônica no realce tardio, o sinal do duplo V, caracterizando a fibrose miocárdica e trombo/calcificação preenchendo o ápex do VE e/ou VD. Nas valvopatias, além da detecção de fibrose miocárdica, que tem valor prognóstico, a RMC é precisa em quantificar as regurgitações, sendo indicada sua realização na insuficiência mitral antes da decisão de procedimento cirúrgico de troca ou correção valvar, eliminado um número significativo de casos em que a insuficiência mitral é superestimada pela ecocardiografia. Com esta revisão, cobrimos uma vasta gama de cardiopatias para as quais as técnicas de RMC realmente importam no diagnóstico e na estratificação prognóstica

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a noninvasive form of imaging capable of providing accurate and often unique information in the investigation of heart disease in general, and especially in cardiomyopathies. The ability to accurately characterize the myocardium in terms of its contractility and tissue characteristics, precisely differentiating normal myocardium from myocardial fibrosis and identifying myocardial edema in situations of acute or recent myocardial injury, has made CMR indispensable in any tertiary and advanced cardiology service around the World. In this paper, we review the classical and more recent applications of CMR in non-ischemic heart diseases, dividing the use of CMR techniques into two main groups: heart failure (HF) and ventricular arrhythmia investigations. Within these two groups, we highlight the most important and frequently involved etiologies. In heart failure syndrome, we focused on dilated cardiomyopathy with septal linear mesocardial fibrosis and viral myocarditis with the manifestation of multifocal and mesoepicardiac fibrosis. A proportion of dilated cardiomyopathies may have originated with an ancient viral myocarditis. Cardiac sarcoidosis may present a variety of late enhancement types of non-ischemic and ischemic patterns, and is associated with clinical signs of both HF and arrhythmia. The presence of pulmonary or systemic sarcoidosis may or may not be present. Cardiac amyloidosis is the prototype of restrictive cardiomyopathy, and can be identified in CMR by the global circumferential subendocardial (AL type) or diffuse myocardial enhancement pattern sparing the left ventricle (LV) apex (transthyretin type). Finally, a poorly understood entity, LV non-compaction generally does not present late enhancement, but has a typical ventricular trabeculation phenotype. In the group of arrhythmic syndromes, we reviewed several etiologies frequently associated with this clinical presentation. In cardiac siderosis, values of T2* below 20 ms accurately indicate a significant overload of myocardial iron and association with ventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmia. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, asymmetric hypertrophy and diffuse myocardial fibrosis, which is heterogeneous and focally affects the ventricular insertions, constitute the classic pattern. An amount of fibrosis above 15% of the left ventricular mass indicates a two-fold increased risk of sudden death. In arrhythmogenic right ventricle (RV) cardiomyopathy/dysplasia, global and segmental right ventricular function and volumes by CMR are fundamental parts of the diagnostic criteria of dysplasia, according to current consensus. Chagasic cardiomyopathy has shown intense myocardial fibrosis since the early stages, which is more intense in men than women, and is frequently associated with myocardial edema, a marker of probable chronic inflammation. Endomyocardial fibrosis presents a pathognomonic image in late enhancement, the double V sign, characterizing myocardial fibrosis and thrombus/calcification filling the LV and/or RV apex. In valve diseases, in addition to the detection of myocardial fibrosis that has prognostic value, CMR is precise in quantifying regurgitations, and is indicated in mitral regurgitation prior to the decision for surgical valve replacement/correction, eliminating a significant number of cases in which mitral insufficiency is overestimated by the echocardiogram. This review covers a wide range of cardiopathies in which CMR techniques are extremely important in the diagnosis and prognostic stratification

Valvuloplastia pulmonar en menores de 21 años / Pulmonary valvuloplasty in patients under the age of 21

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la proporción de las reintervenciones en los pacientes con la estenosis valvular pulmonar y la presencia de un gradiente transvalvular pulmonar final ≥25 mm Hg en pacientes menores de 21 años. Metodología: Estudio unicéntrico observacional, tipo corte transversal de período. Población: Pacientes entre 0 meses y 21 años en quienes se realizó valvuloplastia pulmonar con balón. Análisis: Descripción del grupo y análisis en los subgrupos dados por el gradiente final transvalvular ≥25 mm Hg y la reintervención. Se realizaron pruebas chi2 de Pearson, para las variables categóricas. Para las variables continuas se realizaron pruebas U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizó una regresión logística para definir la asociación entre las variables y el desenlace a la reintervención. Resultados: En el grupo con el gradiente final ≥25 mm Hg, el 86,67% eran lactantes. Se encontró que en el grupo con el gradiente final < 25 mm Hg la mediana del gradiente inicial fue de 42 mm Hg IQ 25-75%: (34-59) en comparación con el grupo con el gradiente final ≥25 mm Hg, la mediana del gradiente inicial fue 70 mm Hg IQ 25-75%: (41-86). Al analizar los grupos por la variable reintervención, se observó que el cambio en la relación de las presiones entre el ventrículo derecho y el ventrículo izquierdo se asoció con menor necesidad de reintervención. OR 0,04; IC 95% (0,002-0,7). El tener un gradiente final después de la intervención ≥25 mm Hg se asoció a reintervención. OR 14,5; IC 95% (2,8-75). Conclusiones: Un gradiente final transvalvular pulmonar ≥25 mm Hg se asoció a mayor probabilidad de reintervención.

Abstract Motivation: To determine the association between the proportion of reoperations in patients with pulmonary valvular stenosis and the presence of a final pulmonary transvalvular gradient of ≥25 mm Hg in patients under the age of 21. Methods: Observational single-centre study, cross-sectional period type. Population: Patients between 0 months and 21 years of age who underwent balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Analysis: Description of the group and analysis in the subgroups given by the final transvalvular gradient of ≥25 mm Hg and reoperation. Pearson's chi-squared test was conducted for categorical variables. For the continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was conducted. Logistic regression was used to define the association between variables and reoperation outcome. Results: In the group with the final gradient of ≥25 mm Hg, 86.67% were infants. The group with the final gradient of < 25 mm Hg the median of the initial gradient was 42 mm Hg IQ 25-75%: (34-59) in comparison to the group with the final gradient ≥25 mm Hg, the median of the initial gradient was 70 mm Hg IQ 25-75%: (41-86). By analysing both groups with the reoperation variable, it was observed that the change in the relationship of the pressured between the right ventricle and the left ventricle was associated with a lower need for reoperation. OR 0.04; CI 95% (0.002-0.7). Having a final gradient of ≥25 mm Hg after the surgery was associated to reoperation. OR 14.5; CI 95% (2.8-75). Conclusion: Having a final pulmonary transvalvular gradient of ≥25 mm Hg was associated to a higher probability of reoperation.

Anesthesia for pulmonary trunk aneurysmorrhaphy / Anestesia para aneurismorrafia de tronco de artéria pulmonar

Abstract Background and objectives: The aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk is a rare disease. Because of its location, a rupture can lead to right ventricular failure and sudden death. Aneurysmorraphy is the most widely used surgical treatment in these cases. The aim of this study is to report a successful balanced general anesthesia for aneurysmorraphy of pulmonary trunk. Case report: Male patient, 28 years, asymptomatic, diagnosed with an aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk. According to the location of the aneurysm and the consequent failure of the pulmonary valve, an aneurysmorraphy was indicated, with implantation of vascular-valvular prosthesis (valved tube). We opted for a balanced general anesthesia, seeking to prevent an increase in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances, thus avoiding to cause stress on the wall of the aneurysmal vessel. Conclusions: A balanced general anesthesia, in combination with adequate ventilation to prevent elevation in pulmonary vascular pressure, was appropriate for surgical repair of an aneurysm in the pulmonary trunk.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O aneurisma de tronco de artéria pulmonar é uma doença rara. Por sua localização, uma ruptura pode conduzir à falência do ventrículo direito e à morte súbita. A aneurismorrafia é o tratamento cirúrgico mais usado nesses casos. O objetivo foi relatar uma anestesia geral balanceada para aneurismorrafia de tronco de artéria pulmonar feita com sucesso. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 28 anos, assintomático, diagnosticado com aneurisma de tronco de artéria pulmonar. De acordo com a localização do aneurisma e a consequente insuficiência da válvula pulmonar, foi indicada a aneurismorrafia com implante de prótese vascular e valvular (tubo valvado). Optou-se pela anestesia geral balanceada, para impedir um aumento nas resistências vasculares sistêmicas e pulmonar e evitar-se, dessa maneira, um estresse sobre a parede do vaso aneurismático. Conclusões: A anestesia geral balanceada, em associação com uma ventilação adequada para evitar elevação na pressão vascular pulmonar, foi apropriada para correção cirúrgica de um aneurisma em tronco pulmonar.

Implante transcateter da valva pulmonar. Protocolo clínico de tratamento e requisitos para credenciamento de centros e operadores no Brasil / Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. Clinical treatment protocol and accreditation requirements for centers and interventionists in Brazil

O implante transcateter da valva pulmonar (ITVP) evoluiu significativamente desde sua introdução, no início dos anos 2000. Atualmente, esta técnica é uma opção segura e eficaz para o tratamento das disfunções valvares graves (estenose e/ou insuficiência) em biopróteses ou condutos cirúrgicos em posição pulmonar, em vários centros do mundo. No Brasil, os resultados iniciais com este procedimento em centros de referência foram similares àqueles observados na experiência global. O ITVP tem se demonstrado factível, seguro e eficaz em mãos treinadas na nossa realidade. Porém, antes da aplicação disseminada desta técnica em outros centros em nosso país, houve a necessidade de se estabelecerem alguns critérios para a seleção do paciente, a técnica de implante e o seguimento clínico, assim como para o treinamento e o credenciamento de novos operadores e centros. As orientações aqui descritas foram determinadas por um grupo de especialistas com experiência renomada em cardiopatias congênitas e ITVP, tendo sido encaminhadas ao Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). Representantes das diferentes sociedades médicas foram envolvidas na preparação deste documento, incluindo a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), a Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Invasiva (SBHCI) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (SBCCV). Acreditamos que a rígida aderência às recomendações listadas neste documento oficial seja crucial para a segurança do paciente e para que ótimos resultados sejam alcançados imediatamente e a longo prazo. Uma vez consolidado em nosso meio, o ITVP abrirá caminho para a introdução de novas terapias valvares em cardiopatias congênitas

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) has evolved significantly since its introduction in the early 2000s. Currently, this technique is a safe and effective option for the treatment of severe valve dysfunction (stenosis and/or regurgitation) in bioprostheses or surgical conduits in pulmonary position, in several centers worldwide. In Brazil, the initial results with this procedure in reference centers were similar to those observed in the overall experience. TPVI was proven to be feasible, safe, and effective in trained hands in Brazil. However, prior to the widespread application of this technique to other centers in this country, it was necessary to establish some criteria for patient selection, implantation technique, and clinical follow-up, as well as for the training and accreditation of new interventionists and centers. The guidelines described here were determined by a group of experts with well-known experience in congenital heart disease and TPVI, and were referred to the Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM, portuguese for Federal Council of Medicine). Representatives of the different medical societies were involved in the creation of this document, including the Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC, portuguese for Brazilian Society of Cardiology), the Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Invasiva (SBHCI, portuguese for Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Invasive Cardiology), and the Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (SBCCV, portuguese for Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery). The authors believe that strict adherence to the recommendations contained in this official document is crucial for patient safety and for optimal results to be achieved in both the short and long term. Once consolidated in Brazil, TPVI will open doors for the introduction of new valve therapies in congenital cardiopathies

In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease Undergoing Double Valve Replacement / Mortalidade Intra-Hospitalar em Pacientes com Cardiopatia ReumáticaSubmetidos a Dupla-Troca Valvar

A cardiopatia reumática é um importante problema de saúde pública. Há escassez de dados sobreinfluência de variáveis cirúrgicas na mortalidade de pacientes reumáticos submetidos dupla-troca valvar (DTV).Objetivo: Identificar possíveis variáveis cirúrgicas associadas à mortalidade de pacientes reumáticos submetidos à DTV.Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de corte transversal, incluindo 104 pacientes >18 anos, com diagnóstico prévio devalvopatia reumática, submetidos à cirurgia de DTV no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2011. A coletade dados utilizou os prontuários de pacientes do Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Resultados: Observou-se diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos do desfecho (óbito intra-hospitalar/alta hospitalar) em relação às variáveis, respectivamente: tempo de anoxia (minutos) de 149,17±40,99 e 123,99±24,12(p=0,001); tempo de CEC 185,53±54,59 e 157,34±34,62 (p=0,006); e o tempo cirúrgico total 350,29±56,69 e 295,23±63,98(p=0,002). Os pacientes que realizaram outro procedimento associado à DTV, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico,apresentaram maior mortalidade (n=10; 31,2%), em relação aos que realizaram apenas a DTV (n=9; 12,8%) (p=0,027).Houve também associação significativa na comparação de pacientes com reabordagem cirúrgica com aqueles querealizaram única abordagem (p<0,001). Não houve diferença estatística quando se comparou desfecho hospitalare os tipos de próteses utilizadas (p=0,219). Conclusões: As variáveis cirúrgicas que tiveram influência na mortalidade foram: tempos de anoxia, de CEC, de cirurgia total, com possíveis pontos de corte, respectivamente, de 150 min, 100 min e 300 min. A necessidade de reabordagemno pós-operatório hospitalar e a realização de outro procedimento no mesmo ato também mostraram significância...

Rheumatic heart disease is a major public health issue. Data on the influence of surgical variables in mortality in rheumatic patients undergoing double valve replacement (DVR) are scarce. Objective: Identify potential surgical variables associated with mortality in rheumatic patients undergoing DVR. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study including 104 patients over 18 years, previously diagnosed with rheumatic heart-valve disease, and undergoing DVR surgery from January 2007 to December 2011. Data collection: medical records of patients from HospitalAna Nery, Salvador, Brazil.Results: Outcome groups (in-hospital death vs. hospital discharge) had a significant statistical difference in relation to variables, respectively:anoxia time (in minutes) of 149.17±40.99 and 123.99±24.12 (p=0.001); CPB time 185.53±54.59 and 157.34±34.62 (p=0.006); and totalsurgical time 350.29±56.69 and 295.23±63.98 (p=0,002). Patients who underwent another procedure associated with DVR for the same surgical time showed higher mortality rates (n=10; 31.2%) compared to those who underwent DVR only (n=9, 12.8%) (p=0.027). There was also a significant association when comparing patients with surgical rapprochement with those who underwent one surgery only(p<0.001). There was no statistical difference between hospital outcome and the types of prostheses used (p=0.219). Conclusions: The surgical variables that influenced mortality were: anoxia, CPB and total surgical times, with potential cutoff points of 150, 100 and 300 minutes, respectively. The need for rapprochement during the in-hospital postoperative period, and the performance of another associated procedure in the same surgery were also significant...

Aneurisma de arteria pulmonar y sus ramas / Aneurysm of pulmonary artery and its branches

Mujer de 69 años con disnea progresiva y tos húmeda de cuatro meses de evolución. Se descartó tuberculosis, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, tromboembolismo pulmonar y enfermedades autoinmunes. En la Figura 1 se muestra angio TAC de arterias pulmonares, que como hallazgo incidental evidenció un aneurisma del tronco de la arteria pulmonar (AAP) con diámetro de 4.5 cm y de sus ramas en proyección axial. En la Figura 2 la resonancia magnética de corazón (CMR) en proyección sagital mostró una válvula pulmonar displásica con estenosis pulmonar moderada (gradiente de 30 mmHg y área calculada en 0.7 cm2), además del AAP, datos corroborados ecocardiográficamente.