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1.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 43(4): 396-401, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350809

RESUMO

ABSTRACT CD28 null T helper (Th) cells are rare in healthy individuals, but they are increased in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this study, we determined the size of the CD4+/CD28 null T lymphocyte compartment in the peripheral blood of 40 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients (idiopathic and secondary) and 20 healthy control subjects, using tri-color flow cytometry. The frequency and absolute count of CD4+/CD28 null T helper (Th) cells was significantly higher in idiopathic AIHA patients, compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and to patients with secondary AIHA (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The percentage of CD4+/CD28 null Th cells was also negatively correlated to the hemoglobin (Hb) level (p = 0.03). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the expansion of this phenotypically-defined population of T lymphocytes in patients with idiopathic AIHA and indicate that it likely plays an etiological role in the development of this disease. However, establishing the use of this marker for diagnosis or monitoring treatment of such patients needs further studies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune , Linfócitos T , Antígenos CD4 , Autoimunidade , Antígenos CD28 , Células Th1 , Citometria de Fluxo
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 19: eRB6077, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154101

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Follicular helper T lymphocytes are a subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes initially identified in germinal centers of follicles found in secondary lymphoid organs. The primary function of follicular helper T lymphocytes is to help B lymphocytes' antibody production. Changing of antibody class and affinity, B cell differentiation and memory generation depend on cooperation between follicular helper T lymphocytes and B cells. In blood, follicular helper T lymphocytes are called circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes. They are considered to have specificities similar to those developed in the secondary lymphoid organs. The phenotype of human follicular helper T lymphocytes is given by simultaneous expression of the markers CXCR5, Bcl-6, CD40L, PD-1, and ICOS. In germinal centers, follicular helper T lymphocytes synthesize interleukin 21 as predominant cytokine. In blood, subpopulations of circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes can be recognized, with different expressions of the classical follicular helper T lymphocytes markers and, in addition, can express other markers such as CXCR3 and CCR6. Presently, there is great interest in follicular helper T lymphocytes and circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes in vaccination studies as indicators of immunization efficacy. In addition, follicular helper T lymphocytes are investigated as possible markers of activity in many diseases and potential therapeutic intervention. This short review describes aspects of immunobiology and quantification of follicular helper T lymphocytes and circulating follicular helper T lymphocytes, and presents a few examples of related findings in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV infection and vaccination.


RESUMO Linfócitos T auxiliares foliculares são uma subpopulação de linfócitos T CD4+ identificada inicialmente nos centros germinativos dos folículos dos órgãos linfoides secundários. Sua função primordial é auxiliar os linfócitos B na produção de anticorpos. A mudança de classe e de afinidade dos anticorpos, a diferenciação das células B e a geração de memória dependem da cooperação entre os linfócitos T auxiliares foliculares e as células B. No sangue, recebem o nome de linfócitos T auxiliares circulantes. Considera-se que possuem especificidades semelhantes às desenvolvidas nos órgãos linfoides secundários. O fenótipo dos linfócitos T auxiliares humanos é dado pela expressão conjunta dos marcadores CXCR5, Bcl-6, CD40L, PD-1 e ICOS. Nos folículos, linfócitos T auxiliares sintetizam a interleucina 21 como citocina predominante. No sangue, são descritas várias subpopulações de linfócitos T auxiliares circulantes com expressões variadas dos marcadores clássicos de linfócitos T auxiliares, além de poderem agregar outros, como CXCR3 e CCR6. Existe um enorme interesse no estudo de linfócitos T auxiliares e linfócitos T auxiliares circulantes, para a avaliação de eficácia de vacinação. São também investigados como possíveis marcadores de atividade em muitas doenças e potenciais intervenções terapêuticas. Esta breve revisão descreve aspectos da imunobiologia e da quantificação de linfócitos T auxiliares humanos e linfócitos T auxiliares circulantes, além de apresentar alguns achados relacionados em lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, artrite reumatoide, infecção por HIV e vacinação.


Assuntos
Humanos , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Centro Germinativo/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos B/imunologia
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 53(1): e8669, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055478

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of fasudil on treating experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). Twenty-four EAN mice were randomly assigned to fasudil treatment (Fasudil group) or saline treatment (EAN model group) for 28 days. Clinical symptom score was evaluated every other day; inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination, anti-myelin basic protein (MBP), inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase-1 were detected in sciatic nerves at day 28. Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs proportions in splenocytes were detected at day 28. Clinical symptom score was found to be attenuated in the Fasudil group compared to the EAN model group from day 12 to day 28. Sciatic nerve inflammatory cell counts by HE staining and demyelination by luxol fast blue staining were both reduced, while MBP was increased in the Fasudil group compared to the EAN model group at day 28. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17 were reduced, while IL-4 and IL-10 were elevated in the Fasudil group at day 28. Sciatic nerve M1 macrophages marker iNOS was decreased while M2 macrophages marker arginase-1 was increased in the Fasudil group at day 28. CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+IL-17+ (Th17) cell proportions were both decreased, CD4+IL-4+ (Th2) cell proportion was similar, while CD25+FOXP3+ (Treg) cell proportion in splenocytes was increased in the Fasudil group. In summary, fasudil presented a good therapeutic effect for treating EAN by attenuating Th1/Th17 cells and promoting Tregs activation as well as M2 macrophages polarization.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Coelhos , Interleucinas/sangue , Interferon gama/sangue , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurite Autoimune Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Nervo Isquiático/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , RNA Mitocondrial , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neurite Autoimune Experimental/sangue
4.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 83(1): 66-72, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-839397

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic Nasal polyps (NPs) are different subtypes of NPs and require different treatment methods. Objective To compare the histologic characteristics, mRNA and protein expression between Nasal Polyps with and without eosinophilia. Methods NPs tissues were obtained from eighty-six NPs patients during surgery. Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs were distinguished according to immunochemical results of the specimen. The histological, mRNA and protein expression features were compared between the two groups. Results In eosinophilic NPs, we observed a significantly higher GATA-3, IL-5, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA and protein expression. In noneosinophilic NPs, IL-17, IL-23 and RORc mRNA and protein expression were increased. Immunohistochemistry tests showed, more mast cells and less neutrophils in eosinophilic NPs compared with noneosinophilic NPs. Eosinophilic NPs patient presented more severe symptom scores when compared to noneosinophilic NPs. Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that Th2 is the predominant reaction in eosinophilic NPs while Th17 is the predominant reaction in noneosinophilic NPs. Our study may provide new treatment strategy for NPs.


Resumo Introdução Pólipos nasais (PNs) eosinofílicos e não eosinofílicos são diferentes subtipos de PNs e requerem diferentes métodos de tratamento. Objetivo Comparar as características histológicas e a expressão de mRNAs e proteínas entre PNs com e sem eosinofilia. Método Amostras de PNs foram obtidos de 86 pacientes durante a cirurgia. PNs eosinofílicos e não eosinofílicos foram diferenciados segundo os resultados imunoistoquímicos de cada amostra. As características histológicas e de expressão de mRNAs e de proteínas foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. Resultados Em PNs eosinofílicos, observamos uma expressão significativamente maior dos mRNAs e proteínas GATA-3, IL-5, IL-4 e IL-13. Nos PNs não eosinofílicos, aumentou a expressão dos mRNAs e das proteínas IL-17, IL-23 e RORc. Nos testes imunoistoquímicos, observamos maior número de mastócitos e menor número de neutrófilos nos PNs eosinofílicos, em comparação com PNs não eosinofílicos. Os pacientes com PNs eosinofílicos obtiveram escores de sintomas mais graves vs. PNs não eosinofílicos. Conclusão Demonstramos, pela primeira vez, uma reação Th2 predominante em PNs eosinofílicos e uma reação Th17 predominante em PNs não eosinofílicos. Nosso estudo pode proporcionar novas estratégias terapêuticas para a rinossinusite crônica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Sinusite/imunologia , Rinite/imunologia , Pólipos Nasais/imunologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Sinusite/complicações , Fatores de Transcrição , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Rinite/complicações , Pólipos Nasais/complicações , Pólipos Nasais/metabolismo , Pólipos Nasais/patologia , Doença Crônica , Citocinas/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Eosinofilia/complicações , Eosinofilia/metabolismo , Eosinofilia/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(6): e6227, 2017. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-839309

RESUMO

Adiponectin is a multifunctional adipokine that has several oligomeric forms in the blood stream, which broadly regulates innate and acquired immunity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to observe the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells and expression of costimulatory signaling molecules affected by adiponectin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol-treated endothelial cells were assayed by real time PCR and immunofluorescence. The endothelial cells were then treated with adiponectin with or without adipoR1 or adipoR2 siRNA and co-cultured with T lymphocytes. The distribution of Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets were assayed by flow cytometry. The effects of adiponectin on costimulatory signaling molecules HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD 40 was also assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that endothelial cells expressed adiponectin and its receptor adipoR1 and adipoR2, but not T-cadherin. Adiponectin suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation through adipoR1 receptor, contributed to the inhibition of CD80 and CD40, and inhibited differentiation of Th1 and Th17 by inhibiting antigen presenting action.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-1/metabolismo , Antígenos CD40/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/efeitos dos fármacos , Adiponectina/genética , Adiponectina/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/citologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/farmacologia , Receptores de Adiponectina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/citologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(5): e5209, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-951671

RESUMO

The traditional concept that effector T helper (Th) responses are mediated by Th1/Th2 cell subtypes has been broadened by the recent demonstration of two new effector T helper cells, the IL-17 producing cells (Th17) and the follicular helper T cells (Tfh). These new subsets have many features in common, such as the ability to produce IL-21 and to express the IL-23 receptor (IL23R), the inducible co-stimulatory molecule ICOS, and the transcription factor c-Maf, all of them essential for expansion and establishment of the final pool of both subsets. Tfh cells differ from Th17 by their ability to home to B cell areas in secondary lymphoid tissue through interactions mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13. These CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells are considered an effector T cell type specialized in B cell help, with a transcriptional profile distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells. The role of Tfh cells and its primary product, IL-21, on B-cell activation and differentiation is essential for humoral immunity against infectious agents. However, when deregulated, Tfh cells could represent an important mechanism contributing to exacerbated humoral response and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the importance of Tfh cells by focusing on their biology and differentiation processes in the context of normal immune response to infectious microorganisms and their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Autoimunidade/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Diferenciação Celular , Interleucinas/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Células Th17/imunologia
7.
J. appl. oral sci ; 23(3): 329-355, May-Jun/2015. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-752428

RESUMO

Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and eventually in tissue, bone and finally, tooth loss. The innate immune response constitutes a homeostatic system, which is the first line of defense, and is able to recognize invading microorganisms as non-self, triggering immune responses to eliminate them. In addition to the innate immunity, adaptive immunity cells and characteristic cytokines have been described as important players in the periodontal disease pathogenesis scenario, with a special attention to CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells). Interestingly, the T cell-mediated adaptive immunity development is highly dependent on innate immunity-associated antigen presenting cells, which after antigen capture undergo into a maturation process and migrate towards the lymph nodes, where they produce distinct patterns of cytokines that will contribute to the subsequent polarization and activation of specific T CD4+ lymphocytes. Skeletal homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance between the activities of the bone-forming osteoblasts (OBLs) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). This balance is tightly controlled by various regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, and is influenced by the immune system, an osteoimmunological regulation depending on lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines. All these cytokines and inflammatory mediators are capable of acting alone or in concert, to stimulate periodontal breakdown and collagen destruction via tissue-derived matrix metalloproteinases, a characterization of the progression of periodontitis as a stage that presents a significantly host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge that determine of susceptibility to develop the destructive/progressive periodontitis under the influence of multiple behavioral, environmental and genetic factors.


Assuntos
Humanos , Citocinas/imunologia , Doenças Periodontais/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/imunologia , Ilustração Médica , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia
8.
Clinics ; 70(3): 169-172, 03/2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-747107

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the macrophage migration inhibitory factor and E-selectin levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome. MATERIALS/METHODS: We examined the plasma migration inhibitory factor and E-selectin levels in 87 patients who presented with chest pain at our hospital. The patients were classified into two groups according to their cardiac status. Sixty-five patients had acute myocardial infarction, and 22 patients had non-cardiac chest pain (non-coronary disease). We designated the latter group of patients as the control group. The patients who presented with acute myocardial infarction were further divided into two subgroups: ST-elevated myocardial infarction (n = 30) and non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (n = 35). RESULTS: We found higher plasma migration inhibitory factor levels in both acute myocardial infarction subgroups than in the control group. However, the E-selectin levels were similar between the acute myocardial infarction and control patients. In addition, we did not find a significant difference in the plasma migration inhibitory factor levels between the ST elevated myocardial infarction and NST-elevated myocardial infarction subgroups. DISCUSSION: The circulating concentrations of migration inhibitory factor were significantly increased in acute myocardial infarction patients, whereas the soluble E-selectin levels were similar between acute myocardial infarction patients and control subjects. Our results suggest that migration inhibitory factor may play a role in the atherosclerotic process. .


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , /metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Esferoides Celulares/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo , Alginatos , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Quitosana , /genética , /imunologia , Ácido Glucurônico , Granzimas/metabolismo , Ácidos Hexurônicos , Imunidade Celular , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/genética , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/patologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral
9.
J. appl. oral sci ; 22(4): 336-346, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: lil-718287

RESUMO

Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical granulomas by modulating the balance of the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL and its antagonist OPG. However, the cytokine networks operating in the development of periapical lesions are quite more complex than what the simple pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators' paradigm suggests. Here we simultaneously investigated the patterns of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Thf, Tr1 and Tregs cytokines/markers expression in human periapical granulomas. Methods: The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL23, IL21, IL-33, IL-10, IL-4, IL-9, IL-22, FOXp3 markers (via RealTimePCR array) was accessed in active/progressive (N=40) versus inactive/stable (N=70) periapical granulomas (as determined by RANKL/OPG expression ratio), and also to compare these samples with a panel of control specimens (N=26). A cluster analysis of 13 cytokine levels was performed to examine possible clustering between the cytokines in a total of 110 granulomas. Results: The expression of all target cytokines was higher in the granulomas than in control samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-21 mRNA levels were significantly higher in active granulomas, while in inactive lesions the expression levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-22 and FOXp3 were higher than in active granulomas. Five clusters were identified in inactive lesion groups, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-17, IL-10, FOXp3, IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-33 and IL-4 statistically significant (KW p<0.05). Three clusters were identified in active lesions, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-22, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-33, FOXp3, IL-21 and RANKL statistically significant (KW p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a clear dichotomy in the profile of cytokine expression in inactive and active periapical lesions. While the widespread ...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Citocinas/análise , Granuloma Periapical/patologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores/análise , Doença Crônica , Citocinas/imunologia , Granuloma Periapical/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(6): 492-498, 06/2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-709444

RESUMO

The effect of an adventure sprint race (ASR) on T-cell proliferation, leukocyte count and muscle damage was evaluated. Seven young male runners completed an ASR in the region of Serra do Espinhaço, Brazil. The race induced a strong leukocytosis (6.22±2.04×103 cells/mm3 before vs 14.81±3.53×103 cells/mm3 after the race), marked by a significant increase of neutrophils and monocytes (P<0.05), but not total lymphocytes, CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+ cells. However, the T-cell proliferative response to mitogenic stimulation was increased (P=0.025) after the race, which contradicted our hypothesis that ASR, as a high-demand competition, would inhibit T-cell proliferation. A positive correlation (P=0.03, r=0.79) was observed between the proliferative response of lymphocytes after the race and the time to complete the race, suggesting that the proliferative response was dependent on exercise intensity. Muscle damage was evident after the race by increased serum levels of aspartate amino transferase (24.99±8.30 vs 50.61±15.76 U/L, P=0.003). The results suggest that humoral factors and substances released by damaged muscle may be responsible for lymphocyte activation, which may be involved in muscle recovery and repair.


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Leucocitose/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Resistência Física/imunologia , Corrida/lesões , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Citometria de Fluxo , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucocitose/etiologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/imunologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/fisiologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(1): 25-32, Jan. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-610550

RESUMO

Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous immune system parameters, but little is known about the effects of Tα1 on patients with gastric carcinoma. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Tα1 on subpopulations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro, and to evaluate its efficacy as an immunoregulatory factor in patients with gastric carcinoma. We compared the effect of Tα1 on the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, especially the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from gastric carcinoma patients (N = 35) and healthy donors (N = 22). We also analyzed the changes in the proliferation of PBMCs in response to treatment with Tα1, and examined the production of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines by PBMCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The treatment of PBMCs from gastric cancer patients, with Tα1 (50 µg/mL) alone increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (suppressive antitumor-specific Tregs) from 1.68 ± 0.697 to 2.19 ± 0.795 percent (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that Tα1 increases the percentage of Tregs and IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in vitro.


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Citocinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Gástricas/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Timosina/análogos & derivados , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/imunologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Células Th1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th1/imunologia , /efeitos dos fármacos , /imunologia , /efeitos dos fármacos , /imunologia , Timosina/imunologia , Timosina/farmacologia , Timosina/uso terapêutico
12.
Biol. Res ; 45(1): 33-43, 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-626745

RESUMO

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells involved in the control and initiation of immune responses. In vivo, DCs exposed at the periphery to maturation stimuli migrate to lymph nodes, where they receive secondary signals from CD4+ T helper cells. These DCs become able to initiate CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, in vitro investigations concerning human monocyte-derived DCs have never focused on their functional properties after such sequential maturation. Here, we studied human DC phenotypes and functions according to this sequential exposure to maturation stimuli. As first signals, we used TNF-α/polyI:C mimicking inflammatory and pathogen stimuli and, as second signals, we compared activated CD4+ T helper cells to a combination of CD40-L/ IFN-γ. Our results show that a sequential activation with activated CD4+ T cells dramatically increased the maturation of DCs in terms of their phenotype and cytokine secretion compared to DCs activated with maturation stimuli delivered simultaneously. Furthermore, this sequential maturation led to the induction of CTL with a long-term effector and central memory phenotypes. Thus, sequential delivery of maturation stimuli, which includes CD4+ T cells, should be considered in the future to improve the induction of long-term CTL memory in DC-based immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Humanos , /análise , /imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Memória Imunológica/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Imunofenotipagem , Imunoterapia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia
13.
Braz. dent. j ; 23(4): 322-327, 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-658005

RESUMO

It was assessed the immunohistochemical profile of CD25+ cells in cases of chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP). Immunohistochemistry was carried out using streptoavidin-biotin complex and anti-CD25 antibody in 17 cases of CG and 25 cases of CP. Sixteen cases (94.1%) of CG were immunopositive. CD25 was focally expressed in 50% of the sample and diffusely expressed in 25%. The stained cells were localized not only beneath the epithelium, but also far from it. In relation to the cellular density quantification of CD25+ cells, score ++ was the most common. Concerning CP, all cases were immunopositive. CD25+ cells were expressed in focal or diffuse pattern either close or far from the epithelium. Diffuse distribution of positive cells throughout the connective tissue was seen in 60% of the cases and 32% showed focal or diffuse cellular pattern. Sixteen cases (64%) received score +++. It was identified that CD25+ cells are present in either a focal or a diffuse pattern in connective tissue. Significant differences in the density of cellular immunostaining between CG and CP were found. The greatest density was observed in CP cases, which suggests that the infiltrate of lymphocytes show a higher degree of cellular activation in periodontitis compared with gingivitis.


Foi avaliado o perfil imunohistoquímico das células CD25+ em casos de gengivite (CG) e periodontite crônica (CP). A imunohistoquímica foi realizada utilizando o complexo de streptoavidina-biotina e o anticorpo anti-CD25 em 17 casos de CG e 25 casos de CP. 16 casos (94.1%) de CG foram imunopositivos. O CD25 foi expresso focalmente em 50% da amostra e difusamente em 25% dos casos. As células imunomarcadas estavam localizadas não apenas no epitélio, mas também por todo o tecido conjuntivo. Em relação à quantificação da densidade celular de células CD25+, o escore ++ foi o mais comum. Em relação a CP, todos os casos foram imunopositivos. As células CD25+ foram expressas em padrão ora focal ora difuso, tanto no epitélio como no conjuntivo. A distribuição difusa das células positivas apenas no tecido conjuntivo foi observada em 60% dos casos, e 32% dos casos exibiram padrão celular ora focal ora difuso. 16 casos (64%) foram considerados como escore +++. Identificamos que as células CD25+ estão presentes em padrão ora focal ora difuso no tecido conjuntivo. Diferenças significantes na densidade da imunomarcação celular entre CG and CP foram encontradas. A maior densidade celular foi observada na periodontite, sugerindo que o infiltrado de linfócitos mostrou um maior grau de ativação celular na periodontite comparada à gengivite.


Assuntos
Humanos , Periodontite Crônica/imunologia , Gengivite/imunologia , /análise , Contagem de Células , Doença Crônica , Células do Tecido Conjuntivo/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Linfócitos/imunologia , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia
14.
Araraquara; s.n; 2012. 85 p. ilus, tab.
Tese em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: biblio-867763

RESUMO

Diabetes mellitus se caracteriza pelo acúmulo de produtos finais da glicação avançada (AGEs) que ativam seu receptor RAGE. Entre as complicações associadas ao diabetes está a modulação da resposta imune, evidenciada pela maior susceptibilidade à infecção em diabéticos. O sistema imune percebe e reaje aos microrganismos por meio de receptores de padrões moleculares (receptores semelhantes à Toll, TLRs). Lipopolissacarídeo da parede celular (LPS) é um dos principais fatores de virulência de microrganismos Gramnegativos e é reconhecido principalmente por TLR4. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a ativação de RAGE e TLR4 por seus ligantes pode resultar em efeito sinérgico na modulação da proliferação, morte celular e expressão de citocinas inflamatórias por células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC). Foram selecionados 7 indivíduos não diabéticos e 6 indivíduos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 para coleta de PBMCs. Estas células foram estimuladas com LPS bacteriano e BSA glicado, isoladamente e combinados, na presença e na ausência de inibidores dos receptores RAGE e TLR4. Proliferação e morte celular foram avaliadas por contagem direta em hemocitômetro e citometria de fluxo, respectivamente. A expressão de citocinas e quimiocinas inflamatórias foi avaliada por RT-qPCR, enquanto a modulação do padrão de resposta imune adaptativa foi estudada por meio de citometria de fluxo. Os resultados mostram que PBMCs de pacientes portadores de diabetes tendem a ser mais resistentes à indução de morte celular. De um modo geral, a inibição dos receptores RAGE e TLR4 não interfere na atividade metabólica e viabilidade celular em diabéticos e não diabéticos. A expressão gênica de CCL3 e CCR5 não foi regulada pelos receptores RAGE e TLR, sendo discretamente mais elevada em pacientes não diabéticos. A expressão de TNF-I e IL-10 foi regulada por TLR, enquanto a expressão de RAGE foi regulada de forma autócrina pela ativação do próprio RAGE. Observamos uma tendência para maior quantidade de linfócitos T auxiliares em pacientes portadores de diabetes, com desvio para um padrão de resposta Th1. Em geral, PBMCs de diabéticos parecem ser mais resistentes á morte celular e mais responsivas aos estímulos avaliados. Concluímos que não houve sinergismo entre RAGE e TLR na modulação da resposta de PBMC de indivíduos diabéticos e não diabéticos


Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which bind and activate their membrane-bound receptor (RAGE) on a variety of target cells. Modulation of the immune response is one of the diabetes-associated complications and is reflected on the increased susceptibility of diabetes patients to infections and sepsis. The immune system senses and reacts to microorganisms by pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor of Gram-negative microorganisms, which is recognized mainly by TLR4. The hypothesis of this study is that of a synergism between activated TLR4 and RAGE that modulates the response of cells of innate and adaptive immunity in the circulation (peripheral blood monocytic cells, PBMCs). PBMCs were collected from 13 volunteers (7 with type 2 diabetes and 6 systemically-healthy controls). The cells were stimulated with bacterial LPS and glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), both independently and in association. To study the role of TLR4 and RAGE signaling, these stimulations were performed in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors of RAGE and TLR4. We used direct counting in a hemocytometer and flow cytometry, respectively, to assess cell proliferation and death. The expression of selected cytokines and receptors was studied by RTqPCR, whereas the effect of these stimuli on the modulation of T helper-type response was determined by flow cytometry. We observed increased cell survival in PBMCs from diabetic patients. Inhibition of RAGE and TLR4 had no marked effect on cell proliferation, metabolic activity and survival. Gene expression of CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) and CCR5 was discretely higher in PBMCs from non-diabetic patients and was not affected by RAGE or TLR4 signaling. Expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was regulated by TLR, whereas RAGE gene expression was regulated in autocrine fashion by activation of the RAGE receptor. A greater proportion of CD4+ lymphocytes was observed in diabetic patients, which also showed a trend toward a shift to Th1-response. Overall, PBMC from diabetes patients were more resistant to apoptosis and less responsive to the TLR4 and RAGE ligands used. We conclude that there is no synergism between TLR4 and RAGE on the modulation of PBMC cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression


Assuntos
Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Receptores Toll-Like , Diabetes Mellitus , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada
15.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 70(3): 195-204, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-577244

RESUMO

Introducción: La poliposis nasal (PN) se presenta frecuentemente asociada a asma bronquial (AB). La enterotoxina estafilocócica B (SEB) jugaría un papel en su patogenia. No se ha estudiado si el perfil de citoquinas inducido por SEB en linfocitos T (LT) de pacientes con PNyAB difiere del de controles sanos. Objetivo: Comparar el perfil de citoquinas de LT de sangre periférica de pacientes con PN-AByde controles, estimulados con SEB o concanavalina A (ConA). Material y método: Células mononucleares de sangre periférica de 9 pacientes con PN-AB y de 6 controles se estimularon con SEB o ConA. El porcentaje LT CD4+ productores de interferón (IFN)-y, interleuquina (IL) IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 e IL-21 se determinó mediante citometrfa de flujo. Resultados: El grupo PN-AB presentó un menor porcentaje de LT productores de IL-5 que los controles al estimularse con SEB y con ConA. No hubo diferencia en las otras citoquinas estudiadas. Discusión: Nuestros resultados en sangre periférica difieren de lo descrito en tejido de pólipos nasales. Conclusión: Se sugiere que la respuesta inflamatoria de la PN se originaría localmente ya que los LT de sangre de pacientes con PN-AB no muestran una polarización hacia perfiles proinflamatorios con los estímulos utilizados.


Introduction: Nasal poliposis (NP) is frequently associated with bronchial asthma (BA) and its pathogenesis is still unknown. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has been implicated in the development of NP, however if the SEB-induced cytoklne profile of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (TL) of PN-BA patients differs from that of normal controls has not been studied. Aim: To compare the cytoklne profile of CD4+ TL from NP-BA and controls stimulated with SEB or concanavalin A (ConA). Material and method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 NP-BA patients and from 6 controls were stimulated with SEB or ConA. The percentage of interferon (IFN)-y, interleukin {II) 11-4,11-5,11-17, and 11-21 producing TL was analyzed by flow cytometry Results: The percentage of SEB and ConA stimulated CD4+ IL-5-producing TLs was lower in the NP-BA group compared to the control group. There were no differences in the other cytokine-producing populations. Discussion: Unlike what is described in nasal polyp tissue, our findings show a diminished production of IL-5 by peripheral TL from the NP-AB group. Conclusion: A local sinonasal origin of the chronic inflammation is suggested since peripheral blood TL of NP-BA patients do not show a pro-inflammatory polarization with the tested stimuli.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Asma/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Enterotoxinas/farmacologia , /fisiologia , Pólipos Nasais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Asma/sangue , Citometria de Fluxo , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/fisiologia , Pólipos Nasais/sangue , Técnicas de Cultura
16.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 21(2): 332-335, abr.-jun. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-570037

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori, es una bacteria Gram negativa que coloniza la mucosa gástrica y contribuye al desarrollo de patologías como la gastritis crónica, úlceras duodenales y en menor medida cáncer gástrico. Si bien la infección por H. pylori por sí sola es capaz de producir daño al epitelio gástrico a través de la expresión de numerosos factores de virulencia, es la respuesta inmune local la mayor responsable de la patogenia de las enfermedades asociadas a dicha infección. La clásica dicotomía en la respuesta T helper tipo 1 vs tipo 2 para explicar el daño asociado a la bacteria, ha dado paso a un escenario más complejo con la reciente descripción de las células T regulatorias y la existencia de nuevos perfiles de respuesta T helper como Th 17. El delicado equilibrio entre virulencia y respuesta infl amatoria inmune es principalmente regulado por la intensidad de la respuesta T regulatoria, cuya supresión permite la expresión de una respuesta efectora potencialmente responsable del daño final.


Helicobacter pylori a Gram negative bacterium that colonizes gastric mucosa and that has been associated to different disease such as chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Although the infection by itself is able to produce damage to the gastric mucosa through the expression and interaction of well-known virulence factors, the immune local response is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated diseases. The classic dichotomy T helper type 1 vs type 2 response to explain the damage associated to the bacterium, has been reevaluated in a more complex scenario with the recent description of the T regulatory response and the new patterns of T helper response such as Th17. The extremely well balanced equilibrium between virulence and immune inflammatory response is mainly regulated by the intensity of the T regulatory response; its suppression would allow the expression of different T helper responses that account for the final damage and clinical outcomes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Autoimunidade , Mucosa Gástrica/imunologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia
17.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 17(2): 74-78, jun. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-556494

RESUMO

O câncer de mama é uma doença de grande impacto social. Seu tratamento e prognóstico dependem de variáveis, tais como: tamanho tumoral, grau histológico, estado linfonodal, entre outras. A resposta imune do hospedeiro tem o objetivo de destruir as células tumorais, porém vários fatores atuam levando ao escape dessas células neoplásicas. O grau de infiltração de linfócitos poderia ser um dos fatores implicados no prognóstico. Este artigo tem como objetivo a revisão do papel da resposta imunológica no câncer de mama.


Breast cancer is a disease with great social repercussions. The treatment and the prognosis depend on serial factors, as: tumoral size, histologycal grade and lymph nodes status. The host immunitary response aims to remove neoplasic cells, but some interferent factors might allow embolization and metastatization. It should be postulated that the lymphocit function could be act as a prognostic. This review focus the role of the immune response en breast cancer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Esquemas de Imunização , Sistema Imunitário , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Prognóstico
18.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 24(2): 140-152, jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-635438

RESUMO

En el presente estudio se examinó la especificidad y la sensibilidad de los anticuerpos antipéptidos citrulinados cíclicos (CCP) en pacientes latinoamericanas con artritis reumatoidea (AR), así como su relación con la actividad de la enfermedad, manifestaciones extraarticulares (MEA), síntesis de citocinas (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-µ e IFN-gamma ) y factor reumatoideo (FR) IgM e IgA, y con el polimorfismo del HLA-DRB1. Se examinaron 79 pacientes con AR (69 con AR establecida y 10 con AR temprana sin previo tratamiento), 56 pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante (EA), 25 con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), 50 con síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp) y diez individuos sanos. De las 69 pacientes con AR establecida, 36 fueron reevaluadas 2 años después. La actividad de la AR se examinó según los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología. Los anticuerpos anti-CCP2, el FR y los niveles de citocinas se determinaron mediante inmunoensayo, y la genotipificación del HLA se llevó a cabo por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa utilizando mezclas de iniciadores específicos. Los anticuerpos anti-CCP se observaron en 96% de los pacientes con AR en la primera evaluación y en 86% en la segunda ( p=0,12), sin modificación significativa en los valores (131±58,7 vs. 130,6±67,1 UI). Su sensibilidad y especificidad global fue de 94% y 92%, respectivamente, pero cuando sólo se consideraron los niveles altos (>60 UI) fueron de 84% y 95%, respectivamente. La razón de probabilidades (RP) positiva fue de 12 y la RP negativa de 0,06. El valor predictivo (VP) positivo fue de 87% y el VP negativo de 96%. Los anticuerpos anti-CCP se observaron en 12% de los pacientes con LES y con SSp, en 2% de los de EA y en 10% de los controles sanos. En los pacientes con AR no se asociaron con la actividad de la enfermedad, MEA y alelos del HLA-DRB1. Tampoco se observaron correlaciones significativas entre sus valores y los niveles de citocinas. En conclusión, los anticuerpos anti-CCP tienen un interés diagnóstico para la AR en nuestra población, pero su utilidad en el seguimiento clínico es limitada y su síntesis es independiente del HLA-DRB1 y no se correlacionan con niveles de citocinas Th1/Th2.


The specificity and sensitivity of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) was examined in Latin-American patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The variables considered included: 1) relation with the activity of disease, 2) extra-articular manifestations (EAM), 3) synthesis of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha , and IFN-gamma ) and IgM and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF), and 4) the association with HLA-DRB1 polymorphism. Seventy-nine RA patients were assessed (69 with established RA, and 10 with recent-onset RA not receiving any treatment), 56 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 25 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 50 with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), and 10 healthy individuals. Of the 69 patients with established RA, 36 were reexamined 2 years later. The activity of the RA was measured by criteria adopted by the American College of Rheumatology. Anti-CCP2, RF and cytokines levels were determined by ELISA. HLA genotypes were established by first, PCR sequence amplification using sequence-specific primers and then, complete sequencing of the product. Anti-CCP antibodies were observed in 96% of patients with RA during the first evaluation and in 86% at the second evaluation ( p=0.12). No significant change in antibody titre was observed between the two evaluations (131±58.7 and 130.6±67.1 IU, respectively). The overall sensitivity and specificity was 94% and 92%, respectively; however, at titres >60 IU, the values were 84% and 95%, respectively. The anti-CCP likelihood ratio positive test was 12 and the likelihood ratio negative test was 0.06. The positive predictive value was 87%, and the negative predictive value was 96%. Anti-CCP antibodies were observed in 12% of SLE and pSS patients, in 2% of AS patients, and in 10% of healthy controls. In RA patients, these antibodies were not associated with the activity of disease, EAM or HLA-DRB1 alleles; no significant correlation was observed between antibody titre and cytokines level. Although anti-CCP antibodies have potential as a diagnostic tool for RA, they are not useful for monitoring clinical activity or predicting the clinical course of disease. Antibody synthesis is HLA-DRB1 independent and not correlated with Th1/Th2 cytokines.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Anticorpos/imunologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
19.
Rev. Fed. Odontol. Colomb ; (205): 38-47, mar.-jun. 2003. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-357461

RESUMO

En este estudio se investigó la localización y distribución de os linfocitos T en el tejido gingival afectado de pacientes con periodontits agresiva (PA) y gingivitis inducida por placa bacteriana (GIPB). Las biopsias se obtuvieron de 20 pacientes entre 18 y 41 años de edad y fueron procesadas para estudio histpatológico e inmunohistoquímico. Los linfocitos T gingivales (CD3+), las células T ayudantes (CD4+) y las células T supresoras-citotóxicas (CD8+) fueron identificadas usando anticuerpos monoclonales y la técnica de inmunoperoxidasa. El infiltrado inflamatorio en GIPB fue escaso y se localizó principalmente en la lámina propia debajo del epitelio sulcular y de unión y estuvo dominado por linfocitos T, mientras que en las biopsias de periodontitis agresiva se localizó primordialmente en el tejido conjuntivo profundo, debajo del epitelio de la bolsa y estaba compuesto por linfocitos y células plasmáticas. El porcentaje de células CD3+ disminuyó en PA, al compararlo con GIPB, como consecuencia de una reducción en las células CD4+, especialmente. Estos hallazgos sugieren un papel inmunorregulador de las células T en la patogenia de las enfermedades periodontales.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Gengiva/ultraestrutura , Periodontite , Linfócitos T , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Biópsia , Placa Dentária , Gengivite , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Linfócitos T Reguladores
20.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 36(3): 339-345, Mar. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-329460

RESUMO

Patients with gastric cancer have a variety of immunological abnormalities. In the present study the lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer (N = 41) both before and after surgical treatment. The percent of helper/inducer CD4 T cells (43.6 ± 8.9) was not different after tumor resection (43.6 ± 8.2). The percent of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population decreased significantly, whether patients were treated surgically (27.2 ± 5.8 percent, N = 20) or not (27.3 ± 7.3 percent, N = 20) compared to individuals with inflammatory disease (30.9 ± 7.5 percent) or to healthy individuals (33.2 ± 7.6 percent). The CD4/CD8 ratio consequently increased in the group of cancer patients. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients showed reduced responsiveness to mitogens. The defective blastogenic response of the lymphocytes was not associated with the production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-á) since the patients with cancer had reduced production of TGF-á1 (269 ± 239 pg/ml, N = 20) in comparison to the normal individuals (884 ± 175 pg/ml, N = 20). These results indicate that the immune response of gastric cancer patients was not significantly modified by surgical treatment when evaluated four weeks after surgery and that the immunosuppression observed was not due to an increase in TGF-á1 production by peripheral leukocytes


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Subpopulações de Linfócitos , Neoplasias Gástricas , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunidade Celular , Contagem de Linfócitos
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