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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21210076, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278438

RESUMO

Abstract Species of the subfamily Holocentrinae, family Holocentidae, commonly called, squirrelfishes, are widely distributed from tropical to warm temperate waters. In Egypt, no data are available on genetic and evolutionary relationships of the family Holocentridae. Therefore, the study of the genetic relationship among Holocentrids species is crucial for proper management and convenient strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic relationship among eight species belonging to the family Holocentridae from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea in Egypt using DNA barcoding. Based on this molecular marker, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for the studied Holocentrids species. 12S rRNA sequences discovered that Sargocentron caudimaculatum was clustered as closest taxa to Sargocentron spiniferum, being a sister group to each other. Also, Sargocentron punctatissimum and Sargocentron macrosquamis were more related to each other and formed a sister group. Moreover, this study discusses the building of genetic relationship among Sargocentron spinosissimum and Sargocentron macrosquamis for the first time to the other studied Sargocentrons. DNA barcoding using 12S rRNA gene provided efficient DNA barcodes for all of the studied species. The constructed phylogenetic tree based on the employed molecular marker provided the update for the barcoded Holocentridae species evolution.


Assuntos
Animais , Filogenia , Sciuridae , DNA , Genes de RNAr
3.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 39(3): 335-338, July-Sept. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-860006

RESUMO

Sciurus igniventris is a squirrel with broad distribution in South America. We examined one female adult specimen which was donated after death by trampling. The aim of this work was describe the morphological characteristics of mammary gland of one specimen. The body was fixed using 10% aqueous formaldehyde. Tissues were processed and slides prepared following standard histological protocols. Morphological analysis of the mammary glands revealed similarities to those described in the literature for domestic and wild mammals. As special features in kind, macroscopically identified a pair of thoracic glands, followed by three pairs of abdominal glands. Microscopically the abundant presence of connective tissue dividing the alveolar-tubular glands. Similar to that described for domestic and wild mammals.


Sciurus igniventris é um esquilo com distribuição na América do Sul. Nós examinamos uma fêmea adulta que foi doada após morte por atropelamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever as características morfológicas da glândula mamária de um exemplar da espécie. O animal foi fixado utilizando solução aquosa de formoldeído a 10%. Os tecidos foram processados e lâminas foram preparadas seguindo protocolos histológicos padrões. A análise morfológica da glândula mamária revelou similaridades com o que temos descrito na literatura para animais domésticos e selvagens. Como particularidades na espécie, macroscopicamente foi identificado um par de glândulas torácicas, seguidas por três pares de glândulas abdominais. Microscopicamente ocorreu a presença abundante de tecido conectivo dividindo as glândulas túbuloalveolares. Semelhante ao descrito para mamíferos domésticos e selvagens.


Assuntos
Animais , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/anatomia & histologia , Roedores , Sciuridae
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(1): 262-267, Mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-780503

RESUMO

The present study was designed to determine the morphological and histological variations in the female palm squirrel's reproductive organs which inhabit croplands of central Punjab. 16 specimens were collected from 3 different locations of Faisalabad district during different months in order to collect their ovaries samples in order to determine the breeding phenology of this species. Body weight and external body measurements were recorded. Two adult females were autopsied each month and their ovaries were extracted. Tissue were prepared by the tissue paraffin technique and stained by H&E. Seasonal variations in the follicular size and shape were observed. Statistical analysis revealed that values of all parameters of ovaries were significantly (P<0.01) higher during peak folliculogenic phase (January to May) as compared to low folliculogenic phase (November­December). Three reproductive phases were observed according to follicular development i.e., quiescent period (November- December), recrudescence period (January) and peak reproductive phase (February­March). In conclusion of this study, different phases of sexual activities are determined which are controlled by seasonal variations. These variations are in accordance to different physical factors which influences gross anatomical and histological changes of ovaries and folliculogensis of female five-striped northern palm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti) for adjustments in breeding phenology.


El presente estudio fue diseñado para determinar las variaciones morfológicas e histológicas en los órganos reproductores de la ardilla de las palmeras que habita en las tierras de cultivo del centro de Punjab. Dieciséis muestras fueron recolectadas en 3 lugares diferentes del distrito de Faisalabad durante diferentes meses con el fin de obtener los ovarios y determinar la fenología reproductiva de esta especie. Se registraron el peso corporal y las medidas corporales externas. Se realizaron autopsias de dos hembras adultas cada mes y sus ovarios fueron extraídos. Se prepararon los tejidos por técnica de parafina y tinción H & E y se observaron las variaciones estacionales en el tamaño y forma folicular. El análisis estadístico reveló que los valores de todos los parámetros de los ovarios fueron significativamente más altos durante la fase foliculogénica (enero a mayo), en comparación con la fase baja (noviembre-diciembre) (P <0,01). De acuerdo al desarrollo folicular se observaron tres fases reproductivas, el período de reposo (noviembre-diciembre), el período de recrudecimiento (enero) y la fase peak reproductiva (febrero-marzo). En conclusión las diferentes fases de las actividades sexuales definitivamente están controladas por variaciones estacionales. Estas variaciones se ajustan a diferentes factores físicos que influyen en los cambios anatómicos e histológicos de los ovarios y la folículogénesis de la ardilla hembra de las palmeras (Funambulus pennanti) para realizar ajustes en la fenología de su reproducción.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Ovário/fisiologia , Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia , Estações do Ano , Folículo Ovariano/anatomia & histologia , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(supl.1): 20-26, 2015. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-748367

RESUMO

The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon), is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF) were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42) were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.


Assuntos
Animais , Melanose/genética , Pigmentação/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Melanocortina/genética , Sciuridae/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Evolução Molecular , Estudos de Associação Genética , Variação Genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Linhagem , Sciuridae/classificação , Deleção de Sequência/genética
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(3): 929-938, jul.-sep. 2014. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-753663

RESUMO

Knowledge of ecological impacts of exotic beach almond (Terminalia catappa) in the central Pacific of Costa Rica are little known, but studies have found this species to be a potentially important food source for endangered scarlet macaws (Ara macao). In this study, reproductive phenology and seed predation by variegated squirrels (Sciurus variegatoides) and scarlet macaws were measured during March and April 2011 on beaches of central Pacific coastal Costa Rica. Seed productivity and predation levels were quantified on a weekly basis for 111 beach almond trees to assess the importance of beach almond as a food source for scarlet macaws and the extent of resource partitioning between seed predators. Seed production of the trees was great (about 194 272 seeds) and approximately 67% of seeds were predated by seed predators. Macaws consumed an estimated 49% of seeds while squirrels consumed 18%. Additionally, evidence of resource partitioning between squirrels and macaws was found. Scarlet macaws preferred to feed on the northern side and edge of the canopy while squirrels preferred to feed on the southern and inside parts of the canopy. Both species ate most seeds on the ocean side of the tree. Despite the status of this tree as an exotic species, the beach almond appears to be an important resource for scarlet macaw population recovery. The resource produced by this tree should be taken into account as reforestation efforts continue in Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (3): 929-938. Epub 2014 September 01.


El conocimiento de los impactos ecológicos del almendro de playa exótico (Terminalia catappa) en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica son poco conocidos, pero los estudios han encontrado que esta especie es una fuente de alimento potencialmente importante para la lapa roja (Ara macao), en peligro de extinción. En este estudio, se midieron la fenología reproductiva y la depredación de semillas por las ardillas (Sciurus variegatoides) y lapas rojas durante marzo y abril 2011 en las playas de la costa Pacífica Central de Costa Rica. Los niveles de productividad y depredación de semillas se cuantificaron semanalmente para 111 almendros de playa, para evaluar la importancia del almendro de playa como fuente de alimento para la lapa roja y el grado de repartición de recursos entre los depredadores de semillas. La producción de semillas de los árboles fue alta (cerca de 194 272 semillas) y aproximadamente el 67% de las semillas fueron comidas por los depredadores, las lapas rojas consumen un estimado de 49% de las semillas, mientras que las ardillas consumen el 18%. Adicionalmente, se encontró evidencia de la repartición de recursos entre las ardillas y las lapas. Las lapas rojas prefieren alimentarse en el lado norte y el borde de la copa, mientras que las ardillas prefieren las regiones del sur y el interior de la copa. Ambas especies se comieron la mayoría de las semillas en la parte del árbol con lado al mar. A pesar de la situación de este árbol como una especie exótica, la playa de almendras parece ser un recurso importante para la recuperación de la población de lapas rojas. El recurso que produce este árbol debe tomarse en cuenta para continuar con los esfuerzos de reforestación en Costa Rica.


Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Papagaios , Sementes , Sciuridae/fisiologia , Terminalia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Costa Rica , Sciuridae/classificação , Sciuridae/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(4): 1097-1104, 08/2014. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-722563

RESUMO

Durante 24 meses foram capturados, inspecionados e liberados no mesmo espaço do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, 96 marsupiais e 64 roedores. Neles foram recolhidos manualmente 105 carrapatos, de 10 espécies em duas famílias. A espécie de carrapato dominante entre os roedores foi Amblyomma longirostre e entre os marsupiais foi Ixodes loricatus. Houve correlação direta significativa entre a temperatura e a intensidade de parasitismo por carrapatos...


During 24 months 96 marsupials and 64 rodents were captured, inspected and set free in the same space of the Pedra Branca State Park, Rio de Janeiro. From them, 105 ticks from 10 species in two families were manually collected. The dominant tick species on the rodents was Amblyomma longirostre and on the marsupials was Ixodes loricatus. There was a significant correlation of the temperature in relation to intensity of parasitism for ticks, demonstrating that the higher the temperature, greater is the number of ticks...


Assuntos
Animais , Carrapatos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Didelphis/parasitologia , Microclima , Marsupiais/parasitologia , Roedores/parasitologia , Sciuridae/parasitologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais
8.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(2): 649-657, Jun.-Aug. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-715460

RESUMO

The tribe Sciurini comprehends the genera Sciurus, Syntheosiurus, Microsciurus, Tamiasciurus and Rheinthrosciurus. The phylogenetic relationships within Sciurus have been only partially done, and the relationship between Mesoamerican species remains unsolved. The phylogenetic relationships of the Mesoamerican tree squirrels were examined using molecular data. Sequence data publicly available (12S, 16S, CYTB mitochondrial genes and IRBP nuclear gene) and cytochrome B gene sequences of four previously not sampled Mesoamerican Sciurus species were analyzed under a Bayesian multispecies coalescence model. Phylogenetic analysis of the multilocus data set showed the neotropical tree squirrels as a monophyletic clade. The genus Sciurus was paraphyletic due to the inclusion of Microsciurus species (M. alfari and M. flaviventer). The South American species S. aestuans and S. stramineus showed a sister taxa relationship. Single locus analysis based on the most compact and complete data set (i.e. CYTB gene sequences), supported the monophyly of the South American species and recovered a Mesoamerican clade including S. aureogaster, S. granatensis and S. variegatoides. These results corroborated previous findings based on cladistic analysis of cranial and post-cranial characters. Our data support a close relationship between Mesoamerican Sciurus species and a sister relationship with South American species, and corroborates previous findings in relation to the polyphyly of Microsciurus and Syntheosciurus’ paraphyly. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (2): 649-657. Epub 2014 June 01.


La tribu Sciurini comprende los géneros Sciurus, Syntheosciurus, Microsciurus, Tamiasciurus y Rheinthrosciurus. Las relaciones filogenéticas de Sciurus han sido resueltas parcialmente mientras que las relaciones de las especies Mesoamericanas permanecen sin resolverse. Las relaciones filogenéticas de las ardillas arborícolas mesoamericanas fueron estudiadas empleando datos moleculares. Datos de secuencias disponibles de forma pública (genes mitocondriales CYTB, 12S, 16S y gen nuclear IRBP) en conjunto con secuencias nuevas para el gen del Citocromo B de 4 especies mesoamericanas del genero Sciurus, fueron analizadas empleando un modelo bayesiano de coalescencia multi-especie. Los análisis filogenéticos del conjunto de datos multilocus mostraron que las especies neotropicales forman un clado monofilético. El género Sciurus resulto ser parafilético debido a la inclusión de las especies de Microsciurus (M. alfari y M. flaviventer). Las especies suramericanas S. aestuans y S. stramineus presentaron una relación de especies hermanas. El análisis de un solo locus basado en el conjunto de datos más compacto y completo (secuencias del gen del citocromo B), apoyó la naturaleza monofilética de las especies suramericanas y recuperó un clado mesoamericano que incluye a S. aureogaster, S. granatensis y S. variegatoides. Estos resultados corroboran los descubrimientos previos que emplearon datos morfológicos craneales y pos-craneales. Nuestros datos apoyan la relación cercana entre las especies de Sciurus Mesoamericanas y la relación hermana de estas con las especies de Suramérica, así como también corroboran la relación polifilética de Microsciurus y parafilética de Syntheosciurus previamente reportadas.


Assuntos
Animais , Citocromos b/genética , Sciuridae/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Evolução Biológica , Genes Mitocondriais , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sciuridae/classificação
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(1): 241-244, Mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-708753

RESUMO

The normal liver histology of the African palm squirrel Epixerus ebii was investigated to fill the information gap on its micromorphology from available literature. The liver was covered by a capsule of dense connective tissue- the perivascular fibrous capsule. Beneath this capsule is the liver parenchyma were the hepatocyte were supported by reticular fibres. The hepatocytes in the lobules were hexagonal to polygonal in shape. Some hepatocytes were bi-nucleated. Clear spaces in the parenchyma must be storage sites for lipids in the liver. The classic hepatic lobules presented central vein surrounded by several liver cells. At the portal triad, hepatic vein, hepatic arteries and bile ducts were seen. While the hepatic arteries and veins were lined by endothelium, the bile ducts were lined by simple cuboidal cells. Nerve fibres were also seen in the region of the portal triad. Hepatic sinusoids lined by endothelium were seen in the liver parenchyma between liver lobules. The sinusoids contained macrophages. This report will aid wild life biologists in further investigative research and Veterinarians in diagnosing the hepatic diseases of the African palm squirrel.


Describimos la histología hepática normal de la ardilla de palma africana Epixerus ebii para llenar el vacío sobre su micromorfología en la literatura disponible. El hígado está cubierto por una cápsula de tejido conectivo denso, la cápsula fibrosa perivascular. Debajo de esta cápsula se encuentra el parénquima hepático en el cual fibras reticulares apoyan los hepatocitos. Los hepatocitos en los lóbulos son hexagonales de forma poligonal. Observamos algunos hepatocitos bi-nucleados. Evidentes espacios en el parénquima deben ser emplazamientos de almacenamiento de los lípidos en el hígado. Los lóbulos hepáticos clásicos presentan una vena central rodeada de varias células hepáticas. En la tríada portal, se observó la vena hepática, las arterias hepáticas y los conductos biliares, mientras que las arterias y venas hepáticas estaban revestidas por endotelio, los conductos biliares estaban alineados por células cuboides simples. También se observaron fibras nerviosas en la región de la tríada portal. Sinusoides hepáticos revestidos por endotelio fueron observados entre los lobulillos hepáticos en el parénquima hepático. Los sinusoides contenían macrófagos. El presente estudio ayudará a los biólogos de la fauna silvestre en una investigación más precisa, y a los médicos veterinarios en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades hepáticas en la ardilla de palma africana.


Assuntos
Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/ultraestrutura
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(1): 1-13, 11/jan. 2013. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-665794

RESUMO

An important disease among human metabolic disorders is type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disorder involves multiple physiological defects that result from high blood glucose content and eventually lead to the onset of insulin resistance. The combination of insulin resistance, increased glucose production, and decreased insulin secretion creates a diabetic metabolic environment that leads to a lifetime of management. Appropriate models are critical for the success of research. As such, a unique model providing insight into the mechanisms of reversible insulin resistance is mammalian hibernation. Hibernators, such as ground squirrels and bats, are excellent examples of animals exhibiting reversible insulin resistance, for which a rapid increase in body weight is required prior to entry into dormancy. Hibernator studies have shown differential regulation of specific molecular pathways involved in reversible resistance to insulin. The present review focuses on this growing area of research and the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucose homeostasis, and explores the roles of the Akt signaling pathway during hibernation. Here, we propose a link between hibernation, a well-documented response to periods of environmental stress, and reversible insulin resistance, potentially facilitated by key alterations in the Akt signaling network, PPAR-γ/PGC-1α regulation, and non-coding RNA expression. Coincidentally, many of the same pathways are frequently found to be dysregulated during insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes. Hence, the molecular networks that may regulate reversible insulin resistance in hibernating mammals represent a novel approach by providing insight into medical treatment of insulin resistance in humans.


Assuntos
Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Hibernação/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Sciuridae/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , /metabolismo , /fisiopatologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Hibernação/genética , Resistência à Insulina/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas/genética , Sciuridae/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 524-530, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-651824

RESUMO

The persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is the only member of the Sciuridae family found in the Middle East. It is herbivorous, feeding mostly on pine acorns and other seeds and fruits. It is a wild animal nesting in forest trees, although it is frequently found close to city gardens and parks. As Persian squirrels are also found in homes as "companion animals", veterinarian assistance may be sometimes required; this is a good reason to gain more specific knowledge of the anatomical features of this animal. Due to the scantiness of relevant literature, we carried out this study with the aim to provide further information on the topography and gross anatomy of its abdominal gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Seven animals of this species were utilized to measure the length, content weight and area surface of the relative segments of the abdominal GIT. The stomach is unilocular, lined with glandular epithelium; the small intestine is divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The cecum is situated on the right side of the abdominal cavity and lacks the vermiform appendix observed in some rodents. The ascending colon is extensive, consisting of two loops and two straight parts forming a unique topographic arrangement, closely resembling the ascending colon of the horse. The transverse colon connects the ascending and the descending colon located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, and shows a distinct sigmoid flexure before entering the pelvic cavity. Overall, the in situ examination and the relative measurements of the various parts of the abdominal GIT suggest that the ascending colon is the main fermentation chamber in the Persian Squirrel.


La ardilla es el único miembro de la familia de los Sciuridae que se encuentra en el Medio Oriente. Es un herbívoro, come semillas, principalmente de pino, y fruta. Vive mayormente en el bosque en estado salvaje, aunque a veces se puede encontrar en las ciudades, en parques y jardines. Las ardillas persianas tambien se tienen en casas como mascotas y algunas veces es necesaria la atención del veterinario. Esta es una buena razón para conocer más profundamente sus características anatómicas. Teniendo en cuenta la escasa bibliografía existente a cerca de este animal, el objetivo de este estudio fue aportar nueva información sobre la anatomía topográfica y mascroscópica del tracto abdominal gastrointestinal (GIT) de la ardilla. Siete animales de esta especie han sido utilizados para medir el largo, el peso y el área de la superficie de los segmentos del GIT. El estómago es unilocular, alineado con epitelio glandular; el pequeño intestino está dividido en duodeno, jejuno e ileo. El ciego está localizado en la parte derecha de la cavidad abdominal y le falta el apéndice vermiforme que poseen los roedores. El colon ascendente es extenso, constituido de dos partes curvas y dos rectilíneas que forman una única dispoción topográfica cerrada como el colon ascendente en el caballo. El colon trasverso, que conecta el ascendente y el descendente, está localizado en el lado izquierdo de la cavidad abdominal y muestra una clara flexión sigmoide antes de entrar en la cavidad pélvica. En resumen, el examen in situ y las relativas medidas de las varias partes del GIT sugieren que el colon ascendente es la principal "cámara" de fermentación en la ardilla persiana.


Assuntos
Animais , Abdome/anatomia & histologia , Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/anatomia & histologia
12.
Rev. biol. trop ; 57(1/2): 441-449, March-June 2009. graf, mapas, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-637732

RESUMO

The effect of human development on six diurnal mammal species was studied using transects in the Punta Leona Private Wildlife Refuge, Puntarenas, Costa Rica during the dry season months of March and April 2006. Individuals/km was recorded for each species in more developed (MD) (near paved roads, buildings, construction, or deforested trees) and less developed areas (LD) (secondary forest). The white-faced apuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) (n = 233), coatimundi (Nasua narica) (n = 46), and Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) (n = 36) demonstrated a preference for less-developed habitats. The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) (n = 4), tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) (n = 2) and variegated squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides) (n = 5) were observed infrequently. White-faced monkeys avoided construction areas, but received artificial food daily in developed areas. Coatimundis also received artificial foods daily and showed aggression towards guests. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 441-449. Epub 2009 June 30.


Se estudiaron seis especies de mamíferos mediante transectos durante la estación seca tardía (marzo y abril) de 1996 en el Refugio de Vida Silvestre de Punta Leona, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Se registró la cantidad de animales por km en lugares con mucho efecto humano (cerca del caminos pavimentados, edificios, construcción, y deforestación) y lugares con menos efecto. El mono carablanca (Cebus capucinus) (n = 233), el pizote (Nasua narica) (n = 46), y el mono araña centroamericano (Ateles geoffroyi) (n = 36) prefirieron lugares con menos efecto. Se observó pocos armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) (n = 4), osos hormigueros (Tamandua mexicana) (n = 2), y ardillas (Sciurus variegatoides) (n = 5). Los monos carablancas y pizotes aceptan alimentos artificiales y los pizotes fueron agresivos con los turistas. Los carablancas evitan los lugares con construcciones y los caminos pavimentados.


Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Mamíferos/classificação , Densidade Demográfica , Tatus , Atelinae , Cebus , Censos , Costa Rica , Mamíferos/fisiologia , Procyonidae , Sciuridae , Estações do Ano
13.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(2): 681-686, jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-492034

RESUMO

Food items consumed by the squirrel Sciurus variegatoides atrirufus were determined in an agricultural setting in the Nicoya Peninsula (9 degrees 47' N, 84 degrees 56' W), Costa Rica, where two life zones (Premontane Moist Forest Basal Belt Transition, and Tropical Dry Forest) predominate. By analyzing the gut contents of 120 squirrels, from February 1987 through January 1988, it was determined that coconut (Cocos nucifera), indian almond (Terminalia catappa) and flamboyant (Delonix regia) were the most common dietary items. There were differences in food consumption according to age: adults preferred coconut, whereas young individuals preferred almond. This finding can be explained in terms of fruit characteristics, as well as tree architecture and accessibility for squirrels; almendro trees provide higher protection and a more accessible food resource, so that it was better used by young individuals.


Se determinaron los componentes de la dieta de la ardilla Sciurus variegatoides atrirufus en un área agrícola de la Península de Nicoya, Costa Rica (9º47’ N, 84º56’ W), correspondiente a las zonas de vida Bosque Húmedo Premontano Transición a Basal y Bosque Seco Tropical. Al analizar el contenido estomacal de 120 ardillas, entre febrero de 1987 y enero de 1988, se determinó que los alimentos más importantes fueron el coco (Cocos nucifera), el almendro (Terminalia catappa) y el malinche (Delonix regia). Hubo diferencias en el tipo de alimento según la edad. Los adultos consumieron más el coco y los jóvenes el almendro, lo cual se explica por las características del fruto, así como por la arquitectura y acceso al árbol; el almendro aporta mejores condiciones de protección y un recurso alimenticio más accesible, por lo que fue mejor aprovechado por los individuos jóvenes.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Animais Selvagens/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Preferências Alimentares , Sciuridae/fisiologia , Clima Tropical , Cocos , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Costa Rica , Ecossistema , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Frutas , Árvores
14.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 99(6): 577-579, Oct. 2004. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-387905

RESUMO

We report the result of an examination for blood and intestinal protozoa in 12 specimens of the red squirrel Sciurus spadiceus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) from Birroque, municipality of Plácido de Castro, state of Acre, Brazil. No parasites were detected in thin, Giemsa-stained blood films of the animals, but culture of the blood of three in Difco B45 medium blood-agar slants gave rise to isolates of epimastigotes. Inoculation of one isolate into laboratory mice resulted in the appearance of Trypanosoma cruzi-like trypomastigotes in their peripheral blood, and the other two isolates gave rise to transient infections with a T. lewisi-like parasite in inoculated mice and hamsters. The failure of the latter parasite to develop in the triatomine bug Rhodnius robustus suggests that it is probably not T. rangeli. This appears to be the first record of a T. lewisi-like trypanosome in neotropical squirrels. Oocysts of an Eimeria sp., were detected in the faeces of 10 animals (83.3 percent). The parasite develops in the epithelial cells of the intestine, where it may cause severe damage and sometimes results in death of the animal. No oocysts were detected in bile.


Assuntos
Animais , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais , Sciuridae , Brasil , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Infecções Protozoárias em Animais
15.
Genet. mol. biol ; 26(3): 253-257, 2003. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-346313

RESUMO

This is the first time the karyotype of the Brazilian squirrel Sciurusaestuans ingrami, with 2n = 40, is described. The karyotype of this species comprises 18 pairs of biarmed and one minute pair of acrocentric autosomes, a medium-sized submetacentric X and a medium-sized acrocentric Y. Four pairs have an interstitial secondary constriction, co-located with nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), identified by silver-staining technique and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal 18S/28S probes. The occurrence of multiple interstitial NORs is rare in rodents, and this is one of the few examples, identified by a molecular cytogenetics approach


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo , Sciuridae , Cariotipagem , Roedores
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(2): 195-200, 1999.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-234505

RESUMO

Las prácticas relacionadas al fin de la vida de pacientes terminales se han ejercicio por miles de años y existen fuertes argumentos que apoyan o se oponen a las mismas. Los que las defienden sostienen que un paciente terminal tiene derecho a imponer su autonomía para eximirse de sufrimientos externos provenientes de una enfermedad terminal; los que se oponen dicen que provocar la muerte de un paciente terminal no es ético ya que esto se contrapone con los principios fundacionales de toda sociedad y también con los de la práctica de la profesión médica. En los últimos años la discusión se ha intensificado en muchas partes del mundo luego de la legalización de la eutanasia y el suicídio asistido en algunos países. En la Argentina estas prácticas son ilegales aunque existe evidencia de que las mismas se llevan a cabo en nuestro país. No obstante lo previo, la discusión pública de las prácticas relacionadas al fin de la vida de pacientes terminales es muy escasa en la Argentina. Es necesario comenzar un profundo debate acerca de cuáles deben ser las respuestas de la sociedad y de los médicos ante pacientes terminales que piden la muerte.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ética Médica , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Sciuridae , Suicídio Assistido/legislação & jurisprudência , Argentina
17.
P. R. health sci. j ; 12(2): 137-41, jun. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-176727

RESUMO

In some mammals a large portion of the retinal neurons of the ganglion cell layer are not ganglion cells. These neurons, lacking axons which pass to the brain via the optic nerve, are termed displaced amacrine cells. The present study assessed the number of displaced amacrine cells in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). We compared the number of labeled cells in the ganglion cell layer after HRP injection of optic tracts and target nuclei with the total number of neurons in the ganglion cell layer. We conclude that approximately one half of the neurons in the ganglion cell layer are displaced amacrine cells, the other one half are ganglion cells. The displaced amacrine cells are on the average smaller than the ganglion cells. Our results provide a rationale for renewed study of relation of ganglion cell morphology and physiological functional type in this species


Assuntos
Animais , Células Ganglionares da Retina/citologia , Retina/citologia , Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre
18.
P. R. health sci. j ; 12(2): 143-6, jun. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-176753

RESUMO

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA, is a reliable marker for catecholaminergic (dopaminergic) neurons. To investigate the distribution of dopamine in the retina of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), retinal sections and wholemounts were incubated with an antiserum directed against TH and then processed using the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical method. TH-like immunoreactivity was exhibited by amacrine and interplexiform-like cells in the innermost portion of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and by cells we presume to be displaced amacrines in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Their somata were 12 to 20 microns in diameter, with the majority measuring approximately 18 microns. In transverse sections the processes of the three types of neurons were seen to extend into lamina 1 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). In horizontal sections 2-3 primary dendrites were seen to ramify and the branches extended for considerable distances, with overlap between the dendritic fields of neighboring TH cells. A distance to the nearest neighbor analysis suggests the TH-neurons in the INL are distributed in a non-random fashion


Assuntos
Animais , Células Ganglionares da Retina/citologia , Retina/citologia , Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/análise , Células Ganglionares da Retina/química , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Retina/química , Retina/metabolismo , Sciuridae/metabolismo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo
19.
P. R. health sci. j ; 3(3): 97-106, Sep.-1984. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-97163

RESUMO

Luego de aplicar inyecciones intraoculares unilaterales de prolina radioactiva o de mezclas de fucosa y prolina, consistentemente se detectó radioactividad en el núcleo supraquismático, en los núcleos terminales medial, lateral y dorsal del sistema ópico accesorio, en los núcleos geniculado lateral dorsal y geniculado lateral ventral, en los núcleos pretectales anterior, olivar, posterior y núcleo del tracto óptico y en el colículo superior. En aquellas ardillas terrestres que recibieron una dósis grande de compuesto radioactivos y que sobrevieron durante períodos largos de tiempo después de las inyecciones, también se detectó radioactividad en el núcleo lateral posterior, el núcleo parabigémino y en una porción de la materia gris central del puente. Luego de que se aplicaran inyecciones intraoculares de peroxidasa de rábano, el marcador fue detectado en los lugares que convencionalmente se marcan, y en adición, en el núcleo lateral posterior. Por lo tanto, el marcador presente en todos los núcleo, parabigémino y la materia gris pontina, puede atribuirse a proyecciones directas de la retina. La mayor parte de las proyecciones fueron bilaterales y se podían observar algunas diferencias relacionadas con la lateralidad de las proyecciones. En el núcleo geniculado lateral dorsal se definieron tres láminas en base a las proyecciones de las retinas de ojo ipsilateral y contralateral; se definió una cuarta lámina en base a citoarquitectura. La proyección de la cabeza del nervio óptico se pudo observar en las láminas del núcleo geniculado latreral dorsal que recibían inervación contralateral y en el colículo superior contralateral al ojo inyectado


Assuntos
Animais , Nervo Óptico/fisiologia , Prolina/administração & dosagem , Retina/fisiologia , Sciuridae/fisiologia , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Prolina , Vias Visuais/fisiologia
20.
P. R. health sci. j ; 3(3): 107-11, Sep.-1984. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-97164

RESUMO

Las conecciones anatómicas del núcleo parabigémino (Pb) de la ardilla terrestre fueron determinadas por medio del método de peroxidasa de rábano (HRP). Luego de hacer inyecciones de HRP en las láminas superiores del colículo superior (SC). Se encontraron neuromas marcadas con HRP en los Pb ipsilateral y contralateral; solo se observaron terminales de axón marcados en el Pb ipsilateral. Estas conecciones mostraron alguna organización topológica. Las células marcadas en Pb eran multipolares o fusiformes. Mientras que un número mayor de células aparecieron marcada en el Pb ipsilateral, las células marcadas del Pb contralateral eran mayores en tamaño. Luego de hacer inyecciones de HTP en el núcleo parabigémino, se observaron células marcadas en las capas superficiales del SC ipsilateral. Las neuronas marcadas con HRP en SC eran células fusiformes y piriformes de tamaño mediano y neuronas multipolares pequeñas. Las conecciones anatómicas del núcleo parabigémino con las láminas superficiales del tecto sugieren un rol en el procesamiento de información visual


Assuntos
Animais , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Peroxidase do Rábano Silvestre , Colículos Superiores/citologia , Injeções , Sciuridae/anatomia & histologia
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