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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: e03316, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345530

RESUMO

Abstract Behavioral lab bioassays involving termites must be promptly performed to allow intended observations prior to death from dissecation, typical of these soft-bodied insects. To this end, topic markers have been proposed as an alternative to histological stains which, while not always toxic are inevitably lengthy to apply. Among recommended topic markers, gouache is easy to apply, dries out quickly, but it is known affect termites in the long run, being suitable only to short-term bioassays. Its alternative, colored glue, is also easy to apply, but it takes long to dry and it is too dense and heavy, being thus prone to affect termite walking patterns. Here we tested a mix of gouache and colored glue aiming to combine the qualities of both into a suitable topical marker for Cornitermes cumulans termites. Similar patterns of survival presented by marked and unmarked termites ruled out concerns about toxicity of this mixture. Such results were consistent across distinct group densities evidencing that the mixture does not interfere with, nor it is affected by, crowding effects. Because crowding regulates interindividual interactions and these underlie most behaviors, the mixture can be thought to be suitable to behavioral studies. We argue that this 1:2 glue:gouache mixture is an excellent alternative to mark termites for lab bioassays. Being atoxic, cheap, easy to apply, and non-invasive, this mixture may happen to be useful not only for termites but also in bioassaying other similarly soft-bodied insects.


Resumo Bioensaios comportamentais em laboratório com cupins devem ser realizados rapidamente a fim de garantir observações antes da morte por dissecação, típico desses insetos de corpo mole. Para este fim, marcadores tópicos têm sido propostos como uma alternativa para marcadores histológicos que, embora nem sempre tóxico, possuem uma aplicação demorada. Entre os marcadores tópicos recomendados, tinta guache é de fácil aplicação, rápida secagem, porém afeta os cupins em bioensaios longos, sendo adequado apenas para bioensaios curtos. Sua alternativa, cola colorida, também é de fácil aplicação mas leva muito tempo para secar e é muito denso e pesado, afetando os padrões de caminhamento dos cupins. No presente estudo, nós testamos uma mistura de tinta guache e cola colorida objetivando combinar as qualidades de ambos os marcadores tópicos em um marcador tópico adequado para Cornitermes cumulans. Padrões similares de sobrevivência entre cupins marcados e controle indicam a ausência de toxicidade na mistura de tinta guache e cola colorida. Tais resultados são consistentes em grupos de densidades distintas, o que comprova que a mistura não interfere, nem sofre efeitos de aglomeração. Uma vez que a aglomeração regula as interações inter-individuais e afetam a maioria dos comportamentos, a mistura pode ser adequada para estudos comportamentais. Nós argumentamos que a mistura de tinta guache e cola (1:2) é uma excelente alternativa como marcador tópico em cupins para bioensaios em laboratório. Sendo atóxico, barato, fácil de aplicar e não invasivo, esta mistura pode ser útil não só para os cupins, mas também em bioensaios com outros insetos de corpo mole.


Assuntos
Animais , Baratas , Isópteros , Bioensaio , Laboratórios
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-8, 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468959

RESUMO

Fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge can speed up the recovery process of degraded areas due to nutrients concentration, favoring the development of pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the emergence of insects. This study aimed the evaluation of chewing, pollinating insects, predators, their ecological indices and relationships on A. auriculiformis plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with and without dehydrated sewage sludge) and 24 repetitions. The prevalence of chewing insects Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae), and Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), defoliation, and ecological indices of abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera were observed on fertilized A. auriculiformis. Acacia auriculiformis plants, with a superior number of branches/tree, revealed greater abundance of Coleoptera and Orthoptera, species richness of pollinating insects, defoliation, numbers of Parasyphraea sp. and T. collaris. The ones with larger leaves/branches displayed greater abundance of species richness of Coleoptera and Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Therefore, the use of A. auriculiformis plants, fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge, is promising in the recovery of degraded areas due to the ecological indices increase of chewing and pollinators insects and spiders in the analyzed area.


A fertilização com lodo de esgoto desidratado pode acelerar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas devido à concentração de nutrientes, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de plantas pioneiras tais como Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae) e de seus insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e predadores e seus índices e relações ecológicas em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado, em área degradada, durante 24 meses. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizados com dois tratamentos (com e sem adubação com lodo de esgoto desidratado) e 24 repetições (uma repetição = uma planta). O maior número de insetos mastigadores Parasyphraea sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Nasutitermes sp. (Blattodea: Termitidae) e Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), de desfolha, e do índice ecológico abundância de Coleoptera e de Orthoptera foram maiores em plantas de A. auriculiformis fertilizadas do que nas não fertilizadas com lodo de esgoto desidratado. Plantas de A. auriculiformis, com maior quantidade de galhos/árvore, apresentaram maiores abundâncias de Coleoptera e Orthoptera, riqueza de espécies de insetos polinizadores, desfolha e números de Parasyphraea sp. e T. collaris, e as com maior folhas/galho os de riqueza de espécies de Coleoptera e Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Por tanto, a utilização de A. auriculiformis, adubada com lodo de esgoto desidratado, é promissora na recuperação de áreas degradadas devido ao aumento dos índices ecológicos de insetos mastigadores, polinizadores e aranhas na área.


Assuntos
Animais , Acacia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Acacia/fisiologia , Baratas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gafanhotos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lodos Ativados/análise
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(1): 73-80, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089279

RESUMO

Abstract Stresses can be caused by multiple biotic and abiotic factors and their effects can affect both the biology and the immune system of insects. American cockroach - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) -besides being an excellent model species, has great medical importance because it can act as a mechanical vector of several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of starvation, dehydration and both stresses on weight, and total and differential haemocyte count in P. americana adults. Each specimen was isolated in glass flasks containing or not food and/or water. They were weighed periodically. Another group received water for 24 h after the end of stress period. In the immunologic bioassay, we counted their haemocytes after the final weighing. All stresses reduced the insect weight, especially when the stresses were combined. Females of the control group gained weight and males had it unaltered. Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count. Insects without food and water had the proportion of prohaemocytes increased and plasmatocytes decreased. This study can serve as a basis of further studies of bioecology, behaviour and the ability of resisting insecticides, besides serving as a model to studies in other insect species.


Resumo Os estresses podem ser causados por múltiplos fatores bióticos e abióticos e seus efeitos podem afetar tanto a biologia como o sistema imune dos insetos. A barata-americana - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) - além de ser uma excelente espécie modelo, tem grande importância médica, pois pode atuar como vetor mecânico de diversos patógenos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da inanição, desidratação e ambos os estresses sobre o peso e o número total e diferencial de hemócitos em adultos de P. americana. Cada espécime foi isolado em frascos de vidro contendo ou não alimento e/ou água. Eles foram pesados periodicamente. Outro grupo recebeu água por 24 h após o término do período de estresse. Nos ensaios imunológicos, foram contados os seus hemócitos após a última pesagem. Todos os estresses reduziram o peso dos insetos, especialmente quando os estresses foram combinados. As fêmeas do grupo controle ganharam peso e os machos tiveram seu peso inalterado. As diferentes condições de estresse e tempo não influenciaram no número total de hemócitos. Os insetos sem alimento e água tiveram a proporção de pró-hemócitos aumentada e a de plasmatócitos reduzida. Esse estudo pode servir como base para estudos posteriores de bioecologia, comportamento e da habilidade de resistir aos inseticidas químicos, além de servir como modelo para estudos em outras espécies de insetos.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Periplaneta , Baratas , Inseticidas , Dieta , Sistema Imunitário
6.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 3(4): 393-400, out.dez.2019. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381346

RESUMO

A asma é uma das doenças crônicas mais prevalentes no mundo, sendo que 50% a 80% dos pacientes apresentam o fenótipo alérgico. A asma resulta da interação entre predisposição genética e exposição ambiental. Os aeroalérgenos perenes, especialmente os ácaros da poeira doméstica, são considerados um dos responsáveis pelo aumento da prevalência da asma em todo mundo. O controle ambiental é uma das medidas necessárias para o tratamento e controle da asma.


Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, and 50 to 80% of affected patients have the allergic phenotype. Asthma results from the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental exposure. Perennial aeroallergens, especially household dust mites, are considered one of the reasons for the increase in the prevalence of asthma worldwide. Environmental control is a necessary measure to treat and control asthma.


Assuntos
Humanos , Asma , Monitoramento Ambiental , Prevenção de Doenças , Ácaros , Pacientes , Terapêutica , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal , Prevalência , Baratas , Doença Ambiental , Poeira , Alergia e Imunologia , Fungos
7.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 2(3): 297-301, jul.set.2018. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380891

RESUMO

Asma e rinoconjuntivite alérgicas são doenças que apresentam alta prevalência mundial. Os aeroalérgenos estão entre os principais fatores desencadeantes de sintomas em indivíduos sensibilizados. Há centenas de alérgenos inalantes envolvidos neste processo; porém, os provenientes de insetos, embora frequentes, têm sido pouco valorizados na prática clínica. Esta revisão busca demonstrar, a partir de estudos relevantes, a importância deste tema.


Allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis are highly prevalent diseases worldwide. Aeroallergens are among the major triggers of symptoms in sensitized individuals. There are hundreds of inhalant allergens involved in this process; however, the ones from insects, though frequent, have been underestimated in clinical practice. This review seeks to demonstrate, based on relevant studies, the importance of this subject.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Asma , Alérgenos , Baratas , Culicidae , Sinais e Sintomas , Fatores Desencadeantes , Prevalência , Hipersensibilidade , Insetos
8.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 38(supl.2): 80-86, ago. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-974009

RESUMO

Introducción. Los ácaros son una importante fuente de alérgenos en el trópico, pero poco se han estudiado otras fuentes potenciales de alérgenos prevalentes en la zona, como los insectos. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la exposición y la sensibilización alérgica a cucarachas, mosquitos y hormigas, y su interacción con la sensibilización a los ácaros. Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con pruebas de alergia para Blatella germanica, Aedes aegypti, Solenopsis invicta, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farinae y D. pteronyssinus. Se determinó la sensibilización mediada por inmunoglobulina E (IgE) mediante pruebas intraepidérmicas. Para la exposición a los insectos en las casas, se utilizaron trampas para insectos rastreros y voladores. Resultados. Se incluyeron 186 pacientes, de los cuales 73 (39,2 %) presentaron sensibilidad a uno de los insectos (cucarachas: 21 %, mosquitos: 29 %, hormigas: 26,3 %). De estos, 71 (97,2 %) presentaron sensibilización a los ácaros, en tanto que de los 148 pacientes sensibilizados a algún ácaro, solo el 47,9 % lo estaba a algún insecto. Se evaluaron 104 casas: en el 74 %, se encontraron cucarachas, en el 22%, hormigas, y en el 52 %, mosquitos. En los pacientes sensibilizados a los insectos, el número de insectos por casa tuvo una relación directa con el tamaño del habón aparecido durante la prueba cutánea: cucaracha, r=0,781 (p<0,001), mosquito, r=0,811 (p<0,001), hormiga, r=0,840 (p<0,001). Conclusión. La sensibilización a los insectos es frecuente en la población alérgica del trópico y está fuertemente asociada con la sensibilización a los ácaros.


Introduction: Mites are an important source of allergens in the tropics. Other potential sources of allergens prevalent in the region such as insects have been poorly studied. Objective: To determine the relationship between exposure and allergic sensitization to cockroaches, mosquitos, ants and the interaction with mite sensitization. Materials and methods: We included patients with allergy tests for Blatella germanica, Aedes aegypti, Solenopsis invicta, Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. IgE sensitization was evaluated by intraepidermal tests. Exposure to insects in houses was evaluated using traps for crawling and flying insects. Results: A total amount of 186 patients were included; 73 (39.2%) of them were sensitized to an insect (cockroaches: 21%, mosquitoes: 29%, ants: 26,3%), 71 (97.2%) also had sensitization to mites. Of the 148 patients sensitized to mites, only 47.9% were sensitized to an insect. In total, 104 houses were evaluated: 74% had cockroaches, 22% ants, and 52% mosquitoes. Among insect-sensitized patients, the number of insects at home was directly related to the size of the weal generated during the skin test: Cockroaches, r=0.781, p<0.001; mosquitoes, r=0.811, p<0.001, and ants, r=0.840, p<0.001. Conclusion: Sensitization to insects is frequent in allergic populations of the tropics and is strongly associated with sensitization to mites.


Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade , Formigas , Baratas , Ácaros , Culicidae
9.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 1(1): 7-22, jan.mar.2017. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380289

RESUMO

A asma e a rinite alérgica são doenças frequentes e acometem parcela significativa da população, sobretudo crianças. Frequentemente a asma e a rinite coexistem e tem sido documentado que a presença de rinite potencialmente aumenta a gravidade da asma e impacta negativamente na qualidade de vida. Entre os agentes desencadeantes/agravantes dessas doenças são apontados: aeroalérgenos (ácaros do pó domiciliar, fungos, alérgenos de baratas, epitélio de animais, polens e ocupacionais), poluentes intradomiciliares e extradomiciliares (fumaça de tabaco, material particulado liberado pela cocção/aquecimento ­ gás de cozinha, fogão a lenha) e irritantes (odores fortes, arcondicionado). O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar as medidas recomendadas para reduzir a exposição de pacientes sensíveis a esses agentes. Realizou-se busca em base de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS empregando-se os descritores: environmental control, mite, cockroach, fungi, furry pets, pollen, irritants, smoking, indoor pollution, cooking. Foram revisados os principais estudos e elaborou-se um documento em que são discutidas as relações entre exposição e aparecimento de sintomas, assim como as medidas apontadas como tendo potencial para evitar a exacerbação/ agravamento das doenças alérgicas respiratórias.


Asthma and allergic rhinitis are highly prevalent diseases and they affect a significant share of the population, especially children. Very often, asthma and rhinitis coexist, and the presence of rhinitis has been shown to potentially increase the severity of asthma, with a negative impact on quality of life. Among the triggering or aggravating agents of these conditions it is possible to list: aeroallergens (house dust mites, fungi, cockroach allergens, animal epithelium, pollens and occupational allergens), indoor and outdoor pollutants (tobacco smoke, particulate matter released by cooking/heating ­ cooking gas, wood stoves), and irritants (strong odors, air conditioning). The aim of this study was to identify measures recommended to reduce the exposure of patients sensitive to these agents. A search was conducted on the MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using the following keywords: environmental control, mite, cockroach, fungi, furry pets, pollen, irritants, smoking, indoor pollution, cooking. The main studies were reviewed, and a report was prepared in which the relationships between exposure and the onset of symptoms are discussed, and measures with a potential to prevent exacerbation/ aggravation of allergic respiratory diseases are presented.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gatos , Cães , Coelhos , Asma , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Rinite Alérgica , Pólen , Qualidade de Vida , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Baratas , Ar Condicionado , Animais de Estimação , Fungos , Ácaros , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Odorantes
10.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 1(1): 65-74, jan.mar.2017. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1380311

RESUMO

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de pais ou responsáveis por pacientes sobre medidas de controle ambiental no manejo da asma e da rinite alérgica, bem como a implementação destas medidas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, que incluiu pacientes entre 5 e 18 anos, com asma e/ou rinite alérgica, sensibilizados a alérgenos inalatórios domésticos. Os entrevistados responderam questionário sobre sensibilização alérgica, medidas de controle ambiental e exposição ao tabagismo passivo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 122 pais ou responsáveis. Embora 97% acreditassem que seu filho tinha uma doença alérgica, apenas 43% conseguiam relacionar os sintomas da doença à presença de alérgenos. O percentual de pais capaz de referir os alérgenos para os quais seus filhos estavam sensibilizados foi de 88% para ácaros, 56% para fungos, 41% para baratas e gatos, e 40% para cães. Medidas para controle de ácaros foram adotadas por 83% das famílias, com exceção das capas antiácaros, utilizadas por 39%. Entre donos de cães e gatos, 57% não permitiam que seus animais entrassem na casa; 21% dedetizavam a casa contra baratas. Entre os familiares tabagistas, 14% pararam de fumar. Conclusões: A maioria dos entrevistados reconheceu que seu filho tinha uma doença alérgica, mas grande parte não relacionou os sintomas da doença à exposição a alérgenos. Grande percentagem dos entrevistados cujos filhos eram sensibilizados a fungos, baratas, gatos e cães não soube referir este resultado. Os entrevistados aplicavam medidas gerais para controle de alérgenos, mas a maioria não implementava algumas medidas com benefício comprovado para uma estratégia abrangente de controle ambiental.


Objective: To assess the knowledge of patients' caregivers on environmental control measures in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis, as well as their adherence to such measures. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included patients aged between 5 and 18 years with a diagnosis of asthma and/ or allergic rhinitis and sensitivity to indoor inhaled allergens. Caregivers answered a questionnaire on allergen sensitization, environmental control measures, and exposure to secondhand smoke. Results: A total of 122 parents/guardians were recruited. Even though 97% of the caregivers believed that their children had an allergic disease, only 43% were able to relate disease symptoms with the presence of allergens. The percentage of caregivers who were able to list the allergens to which their child was sensitive resulted in 88% of correct answers for house dust mites, 56% for fungi, 41% for cockroaches and cats, and 40% for dogs. Moreover, 83% of the families adopted general house dust mite control measures, but only 39% used allergen-proof mattress and pillow covers. Among the families who had pets, 57% kept the pets outdoors; chemical control of cockroaches was adopted by 21% of the families. Among the caregivers who smoked, only 14% quit the habit. Conclusions: Even though the majority of caregivers were aware of the allergic status of their child, most of them did not understand the relationship between allergic disease symptoms and exposure to allergens. Furthermore, a large percentage of caregivers failed to recognize their children's sensitization to fungi, cockroaches, cats, and dogs. Caregivers applied general allergen control measures in their homes, but the majority did not implement some specific measures with proven benefit as part of a broad environmental control strategy.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Asma , Monitoramento Ambiental , Rinite Alérgica , Pais , Alérgenos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Baratas , Animais de Estimação , Fumantes , Fungos , Ácaros
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(10): 605-613, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-796904

RESUMO

For a long time, haematophagy was considered an obligate condition for triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to complete their life cycle. Today, the ability to use haemolymphagy is suggested to represent an important survival strategy for some species, especially those in genus Belminus. As Eratyrus mucronatus and Triatoma boliviana are found with cockroaches in the Blaberinae subfamily in Bolivia, their developmental cycle from egg to adult under a “cockroach diet” was studied. The results suggested that having only cockroach haemolymph as a food source compromised development cycle completion in both species. Compared to a “mouse diet”, the cockroach diet increased: (i) the mortality at each nymphal instar; (ii) the number of feedings needed to molt; (iii) the volume of the maximum food intake; and (iv) the time needed to molt. In conclusion, haemolymph could effectively support survival in the field in both species. Nevertheless, under laboratory conditions, the use of haemolymphagy as a survival strategy in the first developmental stages of these species was not supported, as their mortality was very high. Finally, when Triatoma infestans, Rhodnius stali and Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus species were reared on a cockroach diet under similar conditions, all died rather than feeding on cockroaches. These results are discussed in the context of the ecology of each species.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Ratos , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Hemolinfa , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triatominae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Baratas , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Laboratórios , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/fisiologia , Triatominae/fisiologia
12.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 22: [1-8], 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484685

RESUMO

Termicin is an antimicrobial peptide with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that was firstly isolated from the salivary glands and hemocytes of the termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger. In contrast to many broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, termicin is most active against filamentous fungi. Although more than one hundred complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding termicin-like peptides have been reported to date, all these termicin-like peptides were obtained from Isoptera insects. Methods The cDNA was cloned by combination of cDNA library construction kit and DNA sequencing. The polypeptide was purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was tested against several bacterial and fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution tests. Results A novel termicin-like peptide with primary structure ACDFQQCWVTCQRQYSINFISARCNGDSCVCTFRT was purified from extracts of the cockroach Eupolyphaga sinensis (Insecta: Blattodea). The cDNA encoding Es-termicin was cloned by cDNA library screening. This cDNA encoded a 60 amino acid precursor which included a 25 amino acid signal peptide. Amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA matched well with the result of protein Edman degradation. Susceptibility test indicated that Es-termicin showed strong ability to kill fungi with a MIC of 25 g/mL against Candida albicans ATCC 90028. It only showed limited potency to affect the growth of Gram-positive bacteria with a MIC of 200 g/mL against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. It was inactive against gram-negative bacteria at the highest concentration tested (400 g/mL). Es-termicin showed high sequence similarity with termicins from many species of termites (Insecta: Isoptera). Conclusions This is the first report of a termicin-like peptide isolated from E. sinensis that belongs to the insect order Blattodea. Our results demonstrate the diversity of termicin-like peptides, as well as antimicrobial peptides in insects.


Assuntos
Animais , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Análise de Sequência de Proteína/classificação , Análise de Sequência de Proteína/veterinária , Baratas/genética , Clonagem Molecular
13.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 22: 5, 2016. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-773437

RESUMO

Abstract Background Termicin is an antimicrobial peptide with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that was firstly isolated from the salivary glands and hemocytes of the termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger. In contrast to many broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, termicin is most active against filamentous fungi. Although more than one hundred complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding termicin-like peptides have been reported to date, all these termicin-like peptides were obtained from Isoptera insects. Methods The cDNA was cloned by combination of cDNA library construction kit and DNA sequencing. The polypeptide was purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was tested against several bacterial and fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution tests. Results A novel termicin-like peptide with primary structure ACDFQQCWVTCQRQYSINFISARCNGDSCVCTFRT was purified from extracts of the cockroach Eupolyphaga sinensis (Insecta: Blattodea). The cDNA encoding Es-termicin was cloned by cDNA library screening. This cDNA encoded a 60 amino acid precursor which included a 25 amino acid signal peptide. Amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA matched well with the result of protein Edman degradation. Susceptibility test indicated that Es-termicin showed strong ability to kill fungi with a MIC of 25 μg/mL against Candida albicans ATCC 90028. It only showed limited potency to affect the growth of Gram-positive bacteria with a MIC of 200 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. It was inactive against gram-negative bacteria at the highest concentration tested (400 μg/mL). Es-termicin showed high sequence similarity with termicins from many species of termites (Insecta: Isoptera). Conclusions This is the first report of a termicin-like peptide isolated from E. sinensis that belongs to the insect order Blattodea. Our results demonstrate the diversity of termicin-like peptides, as well as antimicrobial peptides in insects.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Baratas/imunologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anti-Infecciosos/análise
14.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; dez. 2015. 115 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Tese em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-834070

RESUMO

A quitosana é um biopolímero funcional com grande potencial de desenvolvimento, podendo gerar diferentes tipos de materiais com variadas funções. Conforme modificações na sua estrutura, a quitosana tem encontrado aplicações nas mais diversas áreas, possuindo um grande leque de aplicações. Apesar do crescente uso da quitosana e do aumento das pesquisas por novas aplicações, a prospecção de outras opções de fontes (que não crustáceos) de quitosana não têm sido consistentemente apresentadas. O objetivo do presente projeto é realizar a prospecção quantitativa e qualitativa de uma nova fonte renovável de quitosana. Temos como uma fonte alternativa para a produção de quitosana, os blatódeos que são comumente conhecidos como baratas. Eles são organismos terrestres que apresentam uma reprodução consideravelmente rápida, se adaptam aos mais variados ambientes e tem o custo de criação baixíssimo devido à sua fácil adaptação ao ambiente e alimentação. Além disso, os blatódeos não possuem sazonalidade, e ainda realizam ecdises, podendo-se utilizar as exúvias para a produção de quitosana. Foram determinados o processo e o rendimento do processo de obtenção de quitosana a partir de blatódeos (Phoetalia pallida). Os blatódeos foram submetidos a tratamento com solução de hidróxido de sódio 50% (p/v) em temperatura de 120 ºC por sete tempos diferentes (1, 2, 3, 6, 10 e 20 horas). As quitosanas obtidas foram caracterizadas mediante técnicas de espectroscopia no Infravermelho (FTIR), comportamento térmico (TG/DTG e DSC), difração de raios-x, viscosimetria e teste de solubilidade. A obtenção de quitosana a partir de blatódeos apresentou vantagens em relação à produção a partir de crustáceos: reduzido número de etapas do processo e dispensa o tratamento com HCl, que é um poluente. O processo de obtenção de quitosana teve rendimento de aproximadamente 15%, variando de acordo com o tempo de reação. De uma maneira geral, as quitosanas de barata apresentaram características semelhantes à quitosana de camarão


Chitosan is a functional biopolymer with great development potential, which can generate different types of materials with several purposes. Depending on changes in its structure, chitosan has found applications in several areas, having a wide range of applications. Despite the increasing use of chitosan and the increase in research for new applications, the exploration of other options as sources of chitosan (other than shellfish) have not been consistently shown. The goal of this project is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative exploration of a new renewable source of chitosan. Blattaria, commonly known as cockroaches, are an alternative source for the production of chitosan. They are terrestrial organisms that present a considerably fast reproduction, adapt to many different environments and have a very low cost of growing, due to its easy adaptation to the environment and food. Moreover, the cockroaches don´t present seasonality and still perform ecdysis, where the exuvia can be used to produce chitosan. The process and the efficiency of the process of obtaining chitosan from the cockroaches, Phoetalia pallida, were determined: they were treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide 50% (w / v) at a temperature of 120 °C for seven different time periods (1, 2, 3, 6, 10 and 20 hours). Chitosans obtained therefrom were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal behavior (TG / DTG and DSC), x-ray diffraction, viscosimetry and solubility test. Obtaining chitosan from cockroaches showed advantages over the production from shellfish: reduced number of process steps and not requiring treatment with HCl, which is a pollutant. The process of obtaining chitosan showed an efficiency of approximately 15%, depending upon the reaction time. In general, the cockroach chitosan showed characteristics similar to shrimp chitosan


Assuntos
Animais , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/classificação , Quitosana/efeitos adversos , Mineração de Dados/classificação , Biopolímeros , Baratas/fisiologia
15.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 127(4): 22-31, Dic.2014. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-767309

RESUMO

Se exponen los datos sobre la antigenicidad de las proteasas de la cucaracha Periplaneta americana y de la vinchuca Triatoma infestans en seres humanos residentes en la CABA y Gran Buenos Aires, así como en las provincias del Norte y Noreste del país. La antigenicidad cruzada entre ambas las convierte en 2 insectos de gran importancia en el ecosistema, y sus restos momificados de estadios adultos y ninfales de trascendencia para diversas patologías infecciosas y respiratorias...


Data concerning the cross-reactivity between the serinproteases of the cockroach Periplaneta Americana and the reduviid Triatoma infestans are exposed. Humans living in Buenos Aires as well as those living in the north of the country inhale mummified particles containing the powerful antigens of both insects and develop chronic respiratory illnesses...


Assuntos
Humanos , Baratas/patogenicidade , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Triatominae/patogenicidade , Argentina , Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia
16.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-11, 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-950713

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Black widow spider (L. tredecimguttatus) has toxic components not only in the venomous glands, but also in other parts of the body and its eggs. It is biologically important to investigate the molecular basis of the egg toxicity. RESULTS: In the present work, an aqueous extract was prepared from the eggs of the spider and characterized using multiple physiological and biochemical strategies. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry demonstrated that the eggs are rich in high-molecular-mass proteins and the peptides below 5 kDa. The lyophilized extract of the eggs had a protein content of 34.22% and was shown to have a strong toxicity towards mammals and insects. When applied at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, the extract could completely block the neuromuscular transmission in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations within 12.0 ± 1.5 min. Using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, the egg extract was demonstrated to be able to inhibit the voltage-activated Na+, K+and Ca2+ currents in rat DRG neurons. In addition, the extract displayed activities of multiple hydrolases. Finally, the molecular basis of the egg toxicity was discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The eggs of black widow spiders are rich in proteinous compounds particularly the high-molecular-mass proteins with different types of biological activity The neurotoxic and other active compounds in the eggs are believed to play important roles in the eggs' toxic actions.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Ratos , Óvulo/química , Extratos de Tecidos/química , Viúva Negra/química , Proteínas de Artrópodes/toxicidade , Óvulo/fisiologia , Nervo Frênico/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos de Tecidos/toxicidade , Canais de Cálcio/efeitos dos fármacos , Baratas/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/efeitos dos fármacos , Exoesqueleto/fisiologia , Exoesqueleto/química , Proteínas de Artrópodes/isolamento & purificação , Canais de Sódio Disparados por Voltagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos dos fármacos
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(7): 854-864, 1jan. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-696012

RESUMO

Triatominae are widely recognised for their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. One of the main biological characteristics of this subfamily is their obligate haematophagous condition. However, previous studies on Belminus herreri and Belminus ferroae suggested that cockroaches are their principal hosts in domiciles. Due to this peculiar behaviour, the aim of this study was to analyse several demographic and reproductive parameters of B. ferroae fed on three different hosts (mice, cockroaches and Rhodnius prolixus) and relate B. ferroae fitness to these alternative hosts. The cohorts were reared under constant conditions. The egg hatching rate was similar for cohorts fed on cockroaches (69.4%) and R. prolixus (63.8%), but was much lower for the cohort fed on mice (16%). The development time from the nymph to adult stage and the average age of first reproduction (α) presented lower values in the cohort fed on cockroaches, which is consistent with the higher population growth rate associated with this host. Demographic parameters [intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of population growth, net reproductive rate and damping ratio] showed statistically significant differences between the cohorts. Analysis of the life history of B. ferroae revealed a higher fitness related to the cockroach. The implications of these results for the origin of the subfamily are discussed.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Triatominae/fisiologia , Baratas , Insetos Vetores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Reprodução , Razão de Masculinidade , Triatominae/crescimento & desenvolvimento
18.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(5): 607-612, Sept.-Oct. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-604489

RESUMO

This study assessed the cost and effectiveness of an integrated pest management (IPM) program using hydramethylnon gel baits compared with conventional spraying for controlling the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae), in two residential buildings in Yasuj, Iran. The IPM approach was based on educational programs using pamphlets, posters and lectures, sanitation using vacuuming and application of hydramethylnon gel baits. Conventional approach used cypermethrin (10 percent EC) on baseboard and cracks-and-crevices. Sticky traps were used as tools for monitoring cockroach population densities. The IPM approach reduced (943 percent) the rate of insecticide application compared to the conventional spray. Cockroach populations in the IPM treatment were significantly reduced from an average of 12.2 ± 3.01 cockroaches per unit before treatment to zero cockroach per unit by week four and thereafter. Cockroach populations in the conventional spray treatment were reduced from an average of 11.5 ± 4.43 cockroaches per unit before treatment to an average of 3.4 ± 0.99 cockroach per unit after 11 weeks of post treatment. The IPM treatment improved 100 percent of infested units compared to 78 percent for spray treatment to obtain a clean level of infestation (< 1cockroach per trap per unit). The results suggest that the intervention by IPM using hydramethylnon gel baits significantly reduced cockroach infestation compared to cypermethrin spray throughout the 11 weeks of post-treatment period. However, within the study period, the IPM system involving gel baits, educational program and sanitation was 363.2 percent more expensive than the conventional method.


Assuntos
Animais , Baratas , Inseticidas/economia , Controle de Pragas/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Alemanha , Habitação , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Controle de Pragas/métodos
19.
Rev. patol. trop ; 40(3): 239-246, jul.-set. 2011.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-607670

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Cryptococcus neoformans em baratas (Periplaneta americana) recolhidas de ambientes públicos. A motivação para esta pesquisa deve-se ao fato de esta espécie de barata sersinantrópica e veiculadora de vários agentes patogênicos para o homem e animais, o que é relevante para a saúde pública. Os insetos foram recolhidos vivos, mediante emprego de armadilhas, e também mortos, totalizando 150 amostras. A pesquisa da presença do agente nos insetos foi feita no Laboratório de Leveduras Patogênicas e Ambientais, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária do Instituto de Veterinária da UFRRJ, por processamento do exoesqueleto e de seu conteúdo interno, com semeadura em meio de cultivo contendo dopamina. As confirmações de isolamento foram realizadas por meio de testes de macromorfologia, micromorfologia, auxanograma e provas complementares. Não se obteve o isolamento de Cryptococcus neoformans do exoesqueleto; os cinco obtidos (3,3por cento) foram do conteúdo interno dos insetos que, após sorogrupagem em meio CGB,revelaram-se pertencentes ao sorogrupo AD. As baratas da espécie Periplaneta americana são, portanto, consideradas um potencial vetor para a levedura estudada.


The objective of this paper was to check the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans in cockroaches (Periplaneta Americana) collected in public places. The research’s motivation was based on the fact that this species of cockroach are synanthropic and vehicle of several pathogenic agents for men and animals, a relevant fact for public health. A total of 150 samples were collected and the research for the presence of the agents in the insects was conducted in the Laboratory of Pathogenic and Environmental Yeasts, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Veterinary,UFRRJ, by processing of the exoskeleton and the internal content and sowing in cultivation medium containing dopamine. The confirmation of isolation was made by the macromorphology and micromorphology tests, performance ofauxanographic method, and complementary proofs. Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans was not obtained from the exoskeleton. Five isolates (3.3%) were obtained from the internal content of the insects. The serogrouping in CGB medium showed that they were from the AD serum group. We consider that the cockroachesof the species Periplaneta americana are a potential vector for the studied yeast.


Assuntos
Animais , Baratas , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Saneamento Urbano , Saúde Ambiental , Logradouros Públicos
20.
Rio de Janeiro; Biomanguinhos. FIOCRUZ; 2011. 120 p. ilus.
Monografia em Português | LILACS, Coleciona SUS, Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, COVISA-Acervo | ID: lil-641066
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