Parasitosis intestinales y medidas antropométricas en preescolares del cantón de Portoviejo, Ecuador / Intestinal parasites and anthropometric measurements in preschoolers from the canton of Portoviejo, Ecuador

Las enteroparasitosis son un problema de salud pública a nivel global con mayor impacto en los países subdesarrollados asociadas a condiciones de vida inadecuadas. La población infantil es más suceptible para desarrollar sintomatología provocando cuadros disentéricos, vomitos, síndrome de mal absorción, lo que influye en deficiencia de nutrientes y vitaminas, como consecuencia retraso en el crecimiento, malnutrición, trastornos del desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, de corte transversal para estimar la prevalencia de parásitos instestinales y las diferencias en relación a las medidas antropométricas, en 283 escolares de la Capital de la provincia de Manabí. Las variables peso, talla parada, circunferencia de brazo izquierdo, pliegues de tríceps y subescapular, índice de masa corporal, área magra y área grasa fueron seleccionadas para establecer la relación. El coproparasitológico se realizó con el método directo (solución salina 0,9% y Lugol) y Kato Katz. Los resultados mostraron 62,54% de prevalencia, sin distingo de sexo, ni edad. Blastocytis spp., la especie más frecuente, confirmándose el comportamiento epidemiológico a nivel mundial a expensa de los protozoarios, con presencia de especies comensales (E. nana) relacionada con el fecalismo. A pesar de la alta prevalencia, no se observó diferencia significativa entre variables antropométricas analizadas en los escolares parasitados y no parasitados. Se infiere que es debido al tipo de especies y la intensidad de la infestación. Se recomienda realizar campañas de educación sanitaria y promover hábitos de higiene, así como dirigir investigaciones para determinar el papel epidemiológico del agua de consumo y las enteroparasitosis(AU)

Enteroparasitosis is a global public health problem with the greatest impact in underdeveloped countries associated with inadequate living conditions. The child population is more susceptible to developing symptoms causing dysentery, vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, which influences nutrient and vitamin deficiency, resulting in growth retardation, malnutrition, physical and cognitive development disorders. A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the differences in relation to anthropometric measurements, in 283 schoolchildren from the capital of the province of Manabí. The variables weight, standing height, left arm circumference, triceps and subscapular folds, body mass index, lean area, and fat area were selected to establish the relationship. Coproparasitology was performed with the direct method (saline solution 0.9% and Lugol) and Kato Katz. The results showed 62.54% prevalence, regardless of sex or age. Blastocytis spp., the most frequent species, confirming the epidemiological behavior worldwide at the expense of protozoa, with the presence of commensal species (E. nana) related to fecalism. Despite the high prevalence, no significant difference was observed between the anthropometric variables analyzed in parasitized and non-parasitized schoolchildren. It is inferred that it is due to the type of species and the intensity of the infestation. It is recommended to carry out health education campaigns and promote hygiene habits, as well as to conduct research to determine the epidemiological role of drinking water and enteroparasitosis(AU)

Factores de riesgo y parasitosis intestinal en niños menores de 10 años de la olla común / Risk factors and intestinal parasitosis in children under 10 years of age from the common pot

Diversos factores de riesgos pueden condicionar las prevalencias de parasitosis intestinales en niños. Como objetivo se propuso determinar los factores de riesgo y parasitosis intestinal en niños menores de 10 años de la Olla Común ubicada en Villa Mara del Triunfo-Perú durate el año 2022. La investigación fue descriptiva-experimental y correlativa con una muestra de 160 niños <10 años de ambos sexos. Como instrumento de recolección se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas dicotómicas para conocer las prácticas de higiene de los niños y se efectuó la recolección y procesamiento de muestras con técnicas de Solución Salina S.S.F al 85%, Lugol, Método de Kato y Método de concentración-Flotación de Faust. Para analizar los datos se utilizó Microsoft Excel y el software SPSS, estadística descriptica y hallar tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes y Prueba de correlación entre los elementos de riesgo y la frecuencia de signos de los parásitos. Como resultado, el cálculo estadístico con el método de Spearman mostró una concordancia positiva con el coeficiente de correlación 0,725 y con un valor de 0,001<0,05; donde los niveles de factores de riesgo en los infantes mostraron que el 31,3% se encontraban en riesgo bajo con un nivel bajo de síntomas y sin evidencia de parásitos intestinales, el 18,8% en riesgo medio y el 12,5% en riesgo alto y un nivel alto de síntomas y parasitosis intestinal confirmado; la mayoría de los niños se encuentran en un entorno de bajo riesgo. Se hace necesario e indispensable continuar con invesigaciones en zonas adyacentes(AU)

Various risk factors can condition the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children. The objective was to determine the risk factors and intestinal parasitosis in children under 10 years of age from the Common Pot located in Villa Mara del Triunfo-Peru during the year 2022. The research was descriptive-experimental and correlative with a sample of 160 children <10 years of both sexes. As a collection instrument, a questionnaire with dichotomous questions was applied to know the hygiene practices of the children and the collection and processing of samples was carried out with techniques of Saline Solution S.S.F at 85%, Lugol's, Kato's Method and Concentration-Flotation Method. of Faust. To analyze the data, Microsoft Excel and the SPSS software were used, descriptive statistics and finding tables of frequencies and percentages and a correlation test between the risk elements and the frequency of signs of the parasites. As a result, the statistical calculation with the Spearman method showed a positive agreement with the correlation coefficient 0.725 and with a p value of 0.001<0.05; where the levels of risk factors in infants showed that 31.3% were at low risk with a low level of symptoms and no evidence of intestinal parasites, 18.8% at medium risk and 12.5% at high risk and a high level of symptoms and confirmed intestinal parasitism; most children are in a low-risk environment. It is necessary and essential to continue with investigations in adjacent areas(AU)

Ascariasis errática biliar como causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva / Erratic Biliary Ascariasis as an Exotic Cause of Obstructive Jaundice

Introducción: Áscaris lumbricoides es el helminto más frecuente en el tracto gastrointestinal humano; la mayor prevalencia se registra en países en desarrollo, tropicales y subtropicales. En Cuba constituye una causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva con pocos casos reportados. Objetivo: Describir el manejo terapéutico exitoso de un caso de un hombre con ictericia obstructiva secundaria a ascariasis coledociana. Caso clínico: Paciente de 74 años operado en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" de la provincia Holguín por ictericia obstructiva por ascariasis coledociana, con evolución clínico-quirúrgica satisfactoria. Conclusiones: En países en desarrollo debe tomarse en cuenta la ascariasis como causa de enfermedad obstructiva biliar o pancreática. El conocimiento del cuadro clínico y sus complicaciones, además, de las diferentes opciones en el tratamiento, debe ser del dominio de todo médico. La ictericia obstructiva por áscaris lumbricoides constituye en Cuba una causa exótica de esta infestación por parásitos(AU)

Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides is the most frequent helminthiasis in the human gastrointestinal tract; the highest prevalence is recorded in developing, tropical and subtropical countries. In Cuba, it constitutes an exotic cause of obstructive jaundice with few reported cases. Objective: To describe the successful therapeutic management of a case of a man with obstructive jaundice secondary to choledochal ascariasis. Clinical case report: We report the case of a 74-year-old patient operated on at Lucía Íñiguez Landín Surgical Clinical Hospital, in Holguín province, for obstructive jaundice due to choledochal ascariasis, with satisfactory clinical-surgical evolution. Conclusions: In developing countries, ascariasis should be taken into account as a cause of biliary or pancreatic obstructive disease. Knowledge of the clinical condition and its complications, in addition to the different treatment options, should be the domain of every physician. Obstructive jaundice due to ascaris lumbricoides constitutes an exotic cause of this parasite infestation in Cuba(AU)

Perfil epidemiológico das enteroparasitoses em pré-escolares e escolares da rede municipal de ensino de Sinop - MT / Epidemiological profile of endoparasitoses in preschoolers and school children of the school district of Sinop - state of Mato Grosso

ntrodução: As enteroparasitoses são causadas por protozoários e helmintos e representam um importante proble-ma de saúde pública. As crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar apresentam maior vulnerabilidade à contaminação por enteroparasitas pelo fato de estarem mais expostas a fatores de risco, tais como hábitos precários de higiene e aglomeração em locais fechados, e por não apresentarem o sistema imunológico totalmente desenvolvido. Os para-sitas mais comumente encontrados nessa faixa etária compreendem Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura e ancilostomídeos. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de enteroparasitos em crianças pré-escolares e escola-res e em caixas de areia de instituições públicas de ensino no município de Sinop-MT. Métodos: O estudo realizado foi transversal, quantitativo com delineamento experimental. Foi realizado no período de julho de 2015 a setembro de 2016. Foram avaliadas crianças pré-escolares e escolares de 3 a 12 anos escolhidas por amostragem de conveniência de quatro instituições da rede municipal de ensino localizadas na região central de Sinop ­ MT e sete afastadas do centro da cidade e que atendem novos bairros e a zona rural. As amostras de fezes foram coletadas pelos responsá-veis das crianças que encaminharam para as instituições de ensino e, posteriormente, foram transportadas ao labo-ratório para realização do exame parasitológico. As amostras de areia foram coletadas a partir de caixas das áreas de recreações de todas as instituições de ensino, sendo coletada 100 gramas de areia da raspagem superficial e pro-funda dos quatro quadrantes e do centro, totalizando 10 amostras/caixa. Os métodos parasitológicos utilizados para análises das amostras de fezes e areia foram Hoffmann, migração ativa, centrífugo-flutuação espontânea por Faust e flutuação espontânea por Willis. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 646 amostras de fezes de crianças pré-escolares e escolares de 3 a 12 anos, apresentando 21,05% de positividade para parasitos intestinais. Giardia lamblia apresentou maior prevalência, seguida de Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana,Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Hy-menolepis nana, ancilostomídeo e Entamoeba hartmanni. As 80 amostras de areia das caixas das áreas de recreação infantil avaliadas, apresentaram 100% de positividade para G. lamblia, seguida de 66,66% para Toxocara sp. nas areias das áreas centrais e 100% nas periféricas, 66,66% para Toxoplasma gondii nas centrais e 80% nas periféricas, 33,33% para A. lumbricoides nas centrais e 60% nas periféricas e 33,33% de Strongyloides stercoralis somente nas areias das áreas centrais. Conclusão: A faixa etária mais acometida foi verificada entre as crianças de 6 a 12 anos e pode estar relacionada aos precários hábitos de higiene e assim, maior risco de contaminação. Pode-se concluir que os resultados estão de acordo com a maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos realizados no Brasil, demonstrando elevada prevalência de enteroparasitoses em crianças em idade escolar (AU)

Introduction: Protozoa and helminths cause enteroparasitoses, which constitute an important public health issue. Preschoolers and school children, who do not have a fully developed immune system, are more vulnerable to con-tamination by intestinal parasites because they are more exposed to risk factors, such as poor hygiene habits and crowding in closed places. The most common parasites affecting this age group include Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in preschoolers, school children, and sandboxes of government schools in the city of Sinop ­ state of Mato Gros-so (MT). Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study with an experimental design was carried out from July 2015 to September 2016 and included preschoolers and school children aged 3 to 12 years, chosen by convenience sampling from government schools in the school district of the city of Sinop ­ MT; four schools were in the central region of Sinop, whereas seven schools, attended by children living in the suburban and rural areas, were far from the city center. Fecal samples were collected by the children's family and sent to the schools, from where they were transported to the laboratory for parasitological examination. Sand samples were collected from sandboxes in the play areas of the schools. More specifically,100 g of sand was collected by scraping one of the four quadrants or the center of the sandbox surface or deeper into the sandbox, totaling 10 samples/box. The parasitological methods spontaneous sedimentation described by Hoffmann, active migration described by Rugai, centrifugal-spontaneous flotation described by Faust, and spontaneous flotation described by Willis were used to analyze the fecal and sand samples. Results: A total of 646 fecal samples obtained from preschoolers and school children aged 3 to 12 years were evaluated; 21.05% of the samples tested positive for intestinal parasites. As for the sand samples, 100% tested positive for intestinal parasites. In all the fecal and sand samples that tested positive for intestinal parasites, G. lamblia predominated, followed by Toxacara sp, Toxoplasma gondii, A. lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis nana, Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, and Entamoeba hart-manni, commensal amoebae of the large intestine, were also identified. Conclusion: Children aged 6 to 12 years were the most affected by enteroparasitoses. This may be related to poor hygiene habits, which puts these children at greater risk of contamination. The results agree with most epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil and show a high prevalence of enteroparasitoses in children (AU)

Anemia, estado nutricional y parasitosis intestinales en niños de hogares de Guayas / Anemia, nutritional status and intestinal parasites in children from homes in Guayas

Las parasitosis intestinales afectan principalmente a países subdesarrollados, donde se presentan condiciones socioeconómicas y geográficas propicias para desarrollarse, con mayor prevalencia en la población infantil. Dichas infecciones se han asociado a desnutrición y anemia, consideradas las alteraciones nutricionales más graves a nivel global. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 87 niños de la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador, con edades entre 24 y 59 meses, para determinar anemia, evaluar el estado nutricional y parasitosis intestinal. Se determinaron parámetros antropométricos, valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito, y se identificó las especies parasitarias. Se obtuvo mayor proporción de infantes eutróficos para talla e IMC según el género y grupo etáreo; los niños presentaron mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, retardo en la talla y delgadez, respecto las niñas; además el grupo etáreo entre 4 -5 años presentó mayor retardo en crecimiento y delgadez. Asimismo, 24,14% de niños presentaron anemia y los individuos parasitados significativamente presentaron anemia, mayor retardo en la talla y delgadez, frente a los no parasitados; siendo los protozoarios Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli y Giardia intestinalis los más frecuentes, mientras que, Enterobius vermicularis y Ascaris lumbricoides fueron los helmintos predominantes. El presente estudio evidencia deficiencias nutricionales asociadas a anemia e infección por parásitos intestinales en niños menores de 5 años de la provincia de Guayas; cuya población requiere adecuados servicios de salud y saneamiento, acceso a los alimentos, apropiadas prácticas de higiene y educación sanitaria, que contribuyan a aminorar los efectos de estas patologías y sus complicaciones(AU)

Intestinal parasites mainly affect underdeveloped countries, where socioeconomic and geographical conditions are conducive to development, with a higher prevalence in the child population. These infections have been associated with malnutrition and anemia, considered the most serious nutritional disorders globally. A descriptive study was carried out in 87 children from the province of Guayas, Ecuador, aged between 24 and 59 months, to determine anemia, evaluate nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis. A higher proportion of eutrophic infants was obtained for height and BMI according to gender and age group; boys had a higher prevalence of overweight, obesity, delayed height and thinness, compared to girls; In addition, the age group between 4 -5 years presented greater retardation in growth and thinness. Likewise, 24.14% of children presented anemia and significantly parasitized individuals presented anemia, greater delay in height and thinness, compared to those without parasitization; being the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli and Giardia intestinalis the most frequent, while Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides were the predominant helminths. The present study shows nutritional deficiencies associated with anemia and infection by intestinal parasites in children under 5 years of age in the province of Guayas; whose population requires adequate health and sanitation services, access to food, appropriate hygiene practices and health education, which contribute to lessen the effects of these pathologies and their complications(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo da contaminação por enteroparasitas e bactérias patogênicas em cédulas de dinheiro / Retrospective study of contamination by enteroparasites and pathogenic bacteria in money bills

Introdução: Diariamente, estamos rodeados por microrganismos, e diversas situações favorecem essa aproximação. Nesse contexto, as cédulas de dinheiro se destacam como possível fonte de transmissão de patógenos, como enteroparasitas e bactérias, uma vez que são manuseadas por inúmeras pessoas. Objetivo e Método: Em vista disso, este estudo teve como objetivo elaborar um levantamento dos estudos realizados nos últimos 20 anos referentes à contaminação das cédulas de dinheiro por enteroparasitas e bactérias patogênicas. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que os enteroparasitas identificados com maior frequência nos estudos foram Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoebacoli (não patogênico) e ancilostomídeos. Com relação à pesquisa de bactérias, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellasp, Escherichia coli e Enterobactersp foram as mais detectadas. Esses dados evidenciam que existe a contaminação das cédulas de dinheiro por bactérias e enteroparasitas, confirmando seu papel como possível fonte de contaminação. Conclusão: Dessa forma, ressalta-se a importância da melhora nos hábitos de higiene básica como estratégia para limitar o ciclo desses patógenos.

Introduction: Every day, we are surrounded by microorganisms, and several situations favor this approximation. In this context, money bills are a possible source for pathogens transmission, such as enteroparasites and bacteria, as they are handled by countless people. Objective and Method: Thus, we carried out a survey study considering the last 20 years of research related to money bills contamination by enteroparasites and pathogenic bacteria. Results: The results showed that the most frequently identified entheroparasites in the studies were Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli (not pathogen), and hookworms. Regarding the bacteria research, the most frequently detected were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp. Conclusion: Data shows that money bills contamination by bacteria and enteroparasites exists, confirming its role as a contam-ination source. Thereby, the importance of better basic hygiene habits as a strategy to limit the pathogen's cycle is reinforced.

Parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold in open markets: a public health threat / Contaminação parasítica de vegetais frescos vendidos em mercados abertos: uma ameaça para a saúde pública

Vegetables eating raw are a leading source of transmission of infective forms of pathogenic internal parasites among human beings. This research was conducted from April to October, 2017 to assess the parasitic contamination of vegetables sold at main vegetable markets in districts Lower Dir and Peshawar, Pakistan. Eight hundred specimens of different vegetables were purchased and soaked in physiological saline solution, shaken with a mechanical shaker for 20 minutes and processed by sedimentation concentration method. Results revealed that only 19.7% (n=158/800) of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with single or multiple parasite species. Ascaris lumbricoides (the large round worm) 12.3% (n=99/800) was the most commonly detected pathogen and Taenia saginata (the beef tapeworm) 1.62% (n=13/800) was the least frequently detected one. Interestingly, significant p value (p>0.05 at 95%CI) between the number of examined and contaminated for all the variables studied including education status of the vendors, markets location, type of vegetables, means of display, washed before display, washing source of water and market type. The findings of this study evidenced that consumption of raw vegetables possesses great risk of getting parasitic infections in Lower Dir and Peshawar districts, Pakistan. Instructing the sellers and the public about parasitic disease transfer and their hygiene can reduce the infection rate of parasites of human origin.

Os vegetais crus são a principal fonte de transmissão de formas infecciosas de parasitas internos patogênicos entre os seres humanos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada de abril a outubro de 2017 para avaliar a contaminação parasitária de vegetais vendidos nos principais mercados de vegetais nos distritos de Lower Dir e Peshawar, Paquistão. Oitocentos exemplares de diferentes vegetais foram adquiridos e embebidos em solução salina fisiológica, agitados em agitador mecânico por 20 minutos e processados pelo método de concentração por sedimentação. Os resultados revelaram que apenas 19,7% (n = 158/800) das hortaliças estavam contaminadas com uma ou várias espécies de parasitas. Ascaris lumbricoides (o verme redondo grande) 12,3% (n = 99/800) foi o patógeno mais comumente detectado e Taenia saginata (a tênia da carne) 1,62% (n = 13/800) foi o menos freqüentemente detectado. Curiosamente, valor de p significativo (p> 0,05 em IC de 95%) entre o número de examinados e contaminados para todas as variáveis estudadas incluindo escolaridade dos vendedores, localização dos mercados, tipo de vegetais, meios de exposição, lavado antes da exposição, fonte de lavagem de água e tipo de mercado. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que o consumo de vegetais crus possui grande risco de contrair infecções parasitárias nos distritos de Lower Dir e Peshawar, no Paquistão. Instruir os vendedores e o público sobre a transferência de doenças parasitárias e sua higiene pode reduzir a taxa de infecção de parasitas de origem humana.

Pancreatitis necrotizante por áscaris lumbricoides: causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento actual / Necrotizing pancreatitis due to Ascaris lumbricoides: Causes, diagnosis, and current treatment

Resumen La necrosis en la pancreatitis aguda muestra una mortalidad muy alta a pesar de los avances en cuidados críticos. Después de la etiología biliar y alcohólica, la tercera causa más común de pancreatitis es la idiopática, con un 10 % de los casos secundarios a parásitos, y el áscaris es el parásito más común implicado en la necrosis e inflamación del páncreas. Teniendo en cuenta la alta mortalidad que representa la pancreatitis necrotizante, se describe un reporte de caso por ascariasis, destacando su creciente epidemiología, sus causas, su diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico, y su tratamiento antiparasitario según la evidencia actual.

Abstract Necrosis in acute pancreatitis presents a high mortality rate despite advances in critical care. After biliary and alcoholic etiology, the third most common cause of pancreatitis is idiopathic etiology, with 10% of cases related to parasites, being Ascaris the most common parasite involved in pancreas necrosis and inflammation. Considering the high rates of mortality related to necrotizing pancreatitis, a case of ascariasis is analyzed, including its growing epidemiology, its causes, its clinical and imaging diagnosis, and its antiparasitic treatment based on current evidence.

Enteroparasitosis en Perú y su relación con el Índice de desarrollo humano / Enteroparasitosis in Peru and its relation to the Human Development Index

Introducción: las enfermedades relacionadas con enteroparásitos son un grave problema de salud pública. Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de enteroparásitos en el Perú y su relación con el Índice de desarrollo humano (IDH). Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio coproparasitológico por el método directo en niños y adultos de las comunidades de Pamplona Alta en Lima, de la provincia de San Sebastián de Quera, Castillo Grande, Pillco Marca y Puelles en Huánuco, Llupa-Huaraz en Ancash y Machaguay en Arequipa, Perú, de 2012 a 2016. Resultados: se analizaron 864 muestras y se encontró una prevalencia total del 23.03% (199 casos). El protozoario no patógeno Entamoeba coli con 10.42% (90 casos) y el nematodo Ascaris lumbricoides con 6.37% (55 casos) fueron los más prevalentes. La prevalencia de protozoos fue mayor que la de los helmintos. No se observó asociación entre el IDH frente a la prevalencia total ni frente a las cuatro especies de enteroparásitos más frecuentes. El análisis PERMANOVA a partir de las prevalencias de enteroparásitos en áreas urbanas y rurales de Perú mostró diferencias entre las comunidades. La prevalencia total de las comunidades urbanas fue similar que la de las rurales. Conclusiones: la enteroparasitosis en el Perú no se relaciona con el IDH. Sin embargo, los niveles de infestación por enteroparásitos variaron entre las diferentes comunidades y se relacionaron con las características bioecológicas de los parásitos.

Background: Diseases related to enteroparasites are a serious public health problem. Objective: To assess the prevalence of enteroparasites in Peru and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Material and methods: A coproparasitological study using the direct method from children and adults from the communities of Pamplona Alta in Lima, the province of San Sebastián de Quera, Castillo Grande, Pillco Marca and Puelles in Huánuco, Llupa-Huaraz in Ancash, and Machaguay in Arequipa, Peru was carried out from 2012 to 2016. Results: 864 samples were analyzed, and a total prevalence of 23.03% (199 cases) was found. The non-pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba coli, with 10.42% (90 cases), and the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, with 6.37% (55 cases), were the most prevalent. PERMANOVA analysis based on the prevalences of enteroparasites in urban and rural areas of Peru showed differences among communities. The overall prevalence of urban communities was similar to that of rural ones. Conclusions: Enteroparasitosis in Peru are not related to HDI. However, the levels of infestation by enteroparasites varied between the different communities, and they were related to the bioecological characteristics of parasites.

Ascariasis complicada en un infante / Complicated ascariasis in an infant

Introducción: La ascariasis es una enteroparasitosis con alta prevalencia en la población pediátrica tercermundista, la cual puede asociarse a otras enfermedades intestinales y tener graves complicaciones que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Informar el caso de un infante operado por coinfección de ascariasis intestinal y fiebre tifoidea complicadas. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 9 años de edad asistido y operado en el hospital provincial N´gola Kimbanda de la provincia Namibe, Angola, por presentar evidencia clínica de peritonitis aguda generalizada por perforación intestinal de causa tifoidea y por cuyo orificio salían además áscaris lumbricoides vivos. Su evolución no fue satisfactoria y falleció 24 horas después de la operación. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno de la coinfección letal de ascariasis y fiebre tifoidea complicadas permitirá disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta prevalente asociación(AU)

Introduction: Ascariasis is an enteroparasitosis with high prevalence in the third-world pediatric population, which can be associated with other bowel diseases and have serious complications that require surgical treatment. Objective: Report the case of an infant operated by the co-infection of complicated intestinal ascariasis and typhoid fever. Case presentation: 9-year-old male patient attended and operated at N'gola Kimbanda Provincial Hospital in Namibe Province, Angola, after presenting clinical evidence of generalized acute peritonitis due to intestinal perforation of typhoid-causing and through which live ascaris lumbricoide also came out. His evolution was unsatisfactory and he died 24 hours after the operation. Conclusions: The timely diagnosis and surgical treatment of lethal co-infection of complicated ascariasis and typhoid fever will reduce morbidity and mortality from this prevalent association(AU)

Parasitoses intestinais e fatores de risco associados em crianças em um município do Nordeste Brasileiro / Intestinal parasites and risk factors associated f in children in a Brazilian Northeast municipality

Introdução: os parasitos gastrintestinais são causas de morbidade em crianças, podendo determinar quadros de anemia e diarréria. Podem estar associados as condições socioeconômicas, de saneamento básico e práticas de higiene. Objetivo: o objetivo desta investigação foi identificar as parasitoses intestinais e os fatores de risco associados em crianças menores de 12 anos cadastradas em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Caxias, estado do Maranhão. Metodologia: neste estudo transversal 422 exames coproparasitológicos pela técnica de Hoffman, Pons e Janner foram realizados. Para comparar as proporções utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. Empregou-se análises univariadas e multivariadas por regressão logística para avaliar a associação entre a infecção por enteroparasitos e os fatores de risco. Resultados: a frequência de parasitos intestinais foi 49,05%, sendo predominante o Ascaris lumbricoides (68,18%) e a Entamoeba sp. (65,38%). Conforme a análise estatística, ingerir água sem tratamento domiciliar e não lavar as mãos antes das refeições podem ser considerados como fatores de risco para as enteropatias parasitárias. Conclusão: ressalta-se a necessidade de implementar políticas públicas que visem reduzir as altas taxas destes parasitos, e que contribuam para melhorar a qualidade de vida dessa população.

Introduction: intestinal parasites are cause of morbidity in children and can determine anemia and diarrhea. It can be associated to social economical conditions, basic sanitation and hygiene. Objective: the objective of this research was to identify tne intestinal parasitosis and the risk factors associated in children less than 12 years old registered in two Basic Health Units in Caxias municipality, state of Maranhão. Metodology: in this cross-sectional study 422 fecal exams were performed by the technique of Hoffman, Pons and Janner in 422 children. To compare the proportions, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were used by logistic regression to evaluate the association between enteroparasite infection and risk factors. Results: the frequency of intestinal parasites was 49.05%, being predominant Ascaris lumbricoides (68.8%) and Entamoeba sp. (65.38%). According to statistical analysis, drinking water without home treatment and not washing hands before meals, can be considered as risk factors for parasitic enteropathies. Conclusion: It's necessary to implement public policies aimed at reducing the high rates of intestinal parasites, which contributes to improve the quality of life of this population.

Geohelmintiasis en comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia, Venezuela / Geohelminthiasis in native communities from Zulia State, Venezuela7766TVVBV```9W<<<

Introducción: Las geohelmintiasis son las parasitosis intestinales causadas por helmintos que hacen su ciclo de vida en la tierra y representan un problema de salud público a nivel mundial, que afecta en especial aquellos estratos socioeconómicos más bajos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de geohelmintos en comunidades indígenas del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Métodos: Se analizaron 250 muestras fecales, de individuos de ambos sexos con edades entre 1 a 80 años. Las muestras fueron procesadas con examen directo, concentrado (Ritchie) y recuento de huevos (Kato-Katz). Resultados: El 35,20 por ciento de los individuos presentaron huevos de geohelmintos en sus heces (88 casos). El grupo etario más afectado fue el de escolares (7-12 años: 38,64 por ciento ), seguido de adultos (20 o más años: 26,13 por ciento ). Ascaris lumbricoides con 25,20 por ciento se encontró en primer lugar, seguido de Trichuris trichiura con 14,80 por ciento , y los menos frecuentes Ancilostomideos con 4,40 por ciento . La mayoría de los individuos presentaron infecciones de intensidad leve (A. lumbricoides 74,60 por ciento , T. trichiura 81,08 por ciento y Ancilostomideos 90,91 por ciento ). Conclusiones: Se detecta una moderada prevalencia de geohelmintos, con un mayor porcentaje de las infecciones de intensidad leve. La presencia de los geohelmintos se relaciona con el escaso saneamiento ambiental que poseen estas comunidades indígenas(AU)

Introduction: Geohelminthiases are intestinal parasitic diseases caused by helminths which complete their life cycle in the soil. They are a global public health problem mainly affecting the lowest socioeconomic strata. Objective: Determine the prevalence of geohelminths in native communities from Zulia State, Venezuela. Methods: Analysis was performed of 250 stool samples from individuals of both sexes aged between 1 and 80 years. The samples were processed by direct examination, concentration (Ritchie) and egg count (Kato-Katz). Results: Geohelminth eggs were found in 35.20 percent of the stool samples studied (88 cases). The most affected age group was schoolchildren (7-12 years: 38.64 percent), followed by adults (20 years and over: 26.13 percent). The most common helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides with 25.20 percent, followed by Trichuris trichiura with 14.80 percent. The least common genus was Ancylostoma with 4.40 percent. Infection was mild in most subjects (A. lumbricoides 74.60 percent, T. trichiura 81.08 percent and Ancylostoma 90.91 percent). Conclusions: A moderate prevalence of geohelminth infection was observed, most of which was mild. The presence of geohelminths is related to poor environmental sanitation in these native communities(AU)

Geohelmintiasis, estado nutricional y antropometría de niños de 3 a 6 años del Centro Escolar de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador / Geohelminthiasis, nutritional status and anthropometry of children from 3 to 6 years old from the School Center of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Las geohelmintiasis son nematodos que afectan al hombre a través de la ingesta de huevos parasitarios, afectando el estado nutricional antropométrico de la población infantil, motivo por el cual se planteó como objetivo determinar incidencia de las helmintiasis transmitidas por el suelo en el estado nutricional antropométrico de niños de 3 a 6 años en un centro escolar Guayaquil en Ecuador, durante el último semestre del 2018. Se aplicó la metodología descriptiva de corte transversal; donde se incluyeron 92 preescolares de 3 a 6 años. A cada niño(a) se le hizo su estudio antropométrico nutricional, unido a un estudio coprológico realizado a 45 niños. Se obtuvo el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) con el cual se determinó el estado nutricional (IMC/Edad/Sexo), usando los percentiles del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador. Se revisaron los IMC de los 35 niños que presentaron geohelminiasis quienes evidenciaron una ligera disminución en la ganancia de los valores de las variables antropométricas. Se encontró predominio del sexo femenino (54,35%), la edad fue 3,78 años, peso: 15,21 Kg y talla: 100,23 cm2, el IMC fue 16,62 Kg/cm2, sin diferencias entre el sexo; la especie de mayor ocurrencia fue la Trichuris. trichiura 43,47% (niñas 10/23) y 66,67% (niños 8/12). Se concluye que 29,34% de los preescolares estudiados están malnutridos, presentan geohelmintiasis, por ello es recomendable realizar intervenciones dirigidas a representantes, estudiantes y docentes, para atender paralelamente geohelmintiasis y nutrición para garantizar la calidad de vida(AU)

Geohelminthiasis are nematodes that affect man through the ingestion of parasitic eggs, affecting the anthropometric nutritional status of the infant population, which is why the objective was to determine the incidence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the anthropometric nutritional status in children aged 3 to 6 years of a school in Ecuador, during the last semester of 2018. A cross-sectional descriptive methodology was applied; where 92 preschoolers from 3 to 6 years old were included. Each child was given his or her nutritional anthropometric study, together with a coprological study of 45 children. There was obtained the Body Mass Index (BMI) with which there decided the nutritional state (BMI / Age / Sex), using the centiles of the Department of Public health of Ecuador. The BMI of the 35 children with geohelminiasis were reviewed and showed a slight decrease in the gain of anthropometric variables. The prevalence of female sex was found (54,35%), the age was 3,78 years, weight: 15,21 Kg and height: 100,23 cm2, the BMI was 16,62 Kg/cm2, with no differences between sex; the species of greatest occurrence was Trichuris trichiura 43,47% (girls 10/23) and 66,67% (boys 8/12). It is concluded that 29.34% of the preschools studied are malnourished, have geohelminthiasis, so it is advisable to make interventions aimed at representatives, students and teachers, to attend parallel geohelminthiasis and nutrition to ensure quality of life(AU)

Ascaridiasis hepatobiliar en una adulta joven / Hepatobiliary ascaridiasis in a young adult woman

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 27 años de edad, con antecedentes de colecistectomía convencional desde hacía 10 meses por aparente colecistitis, quien acudió al Hospital Luis Vernaza de Guayaquil, Ecuador, por presentar ictericia y dolor abdominal. Teniendo en cuenta los hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio e imagenológicos se le diagnosticó sepsis de foco abdominal, colangitis y coledocolitiasis. Durante la intervención quirúrgica se observó la presencia de 2 Ascaris lumbricoides y cálculo de colesterol en la vía biliar, por lo que se le realizó una derivación bilioentérica. Después de algunas complicaciones como insuficiencia respiratoria y descompensación hemodinámica, la paciente egresó de la institución a los 25 días de operada, con seguimiento por consulta externa durante 2 meses.

The case report of a 27 years patient is presented, with history of conventional cholecystectomy for 10 months due to apparent cholecystitis who went to Luis Vernaza Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador, presenting jaundice and abdominal pain. Taking into account the clinical, laboratory and imaging findings a sepsis of abdominal focus, cholangitis and choledocolithiasis was diagnosed. During the surgical intervention the presence of 2 Ascaris lumbricoides and cholesterol calculi in the bile duct was observed, reason why a bilioenteric bypass was carried out. After some complications such as breathing failure and hemodynamic upset, the patient was discharged from the institution 25 days after the surgery, with follow up in outpatient clinics during 2 months.

Ascaris lumbricoides, causa de la colecistitis aguda en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro", 2018 / Ascaris lumbricoides, cause of acute cholecystitis in the emergency service of the "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro" Hospital, 2018

Ascaris lumbricoides provoca una de las helmintiasis más frecuentes en los países tropicales, pudiendo producir efectos patológicos en cualquier parte del organismo, siendo los conductos biliales uno de los sitios recurrentes provocando una colecistitis aguda. La CA es una de las principales causas de ingreso al servicio de Emergencia, es una inflamación de la vesícula cuyo diagnóstico oportuno es de vital importancia para la prevención de complicaciones. Por tal razón, determinar la frecuencia de las variables clínicas, de laboratorio y ecográficas, su relación con las comorbilidades asociadas a las características demográficas de los pacientes y el nivel de severidad de la colecistitis aguda causada por la A. lumbricoides de las Guías de Tokio 2018 del Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Alfredo Noboa Montenegro durante el periodo junio - diciembre 2018, para la elaboración de un esquema diagnóstico. La metodología de investigación fue cuantitativa descriptiva de corte transversal. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, el CA aparece con prevalencia en el género femenino en un 69,41%, promedio de edad de 32 a 45 años, el 10% de 170 pacientes presentaron en su ecografía una forma parasitaria compatible con A. Lumbricoides, los resultados clínicos arrojaron presencia de dolor (67,34%), fiebre (68,65%), náuseas (45,93%); en los laboratorio la Proteína C Reactiva estuvo aumenta en el 94,18% de los casos, en imagenología se refleja presencia de líquido pericolecistico en un 78,82% y un engrosamiento de pared vesicular en un 34,12%. El nivel de severidad registrado según los criterios de las guías de Tokio 2018 fue grado I 35,3%, grado II 47,1% y grado III 17,6%. Se recomienda la estructuración de un esquema diagnóstico oportuno de colecistitis aguda causada por A. Lumbricoides(AU)

Ascaris lumbricoides causes one of the most frequent helminthiases in tropical countries, being able to produce pathological effects in any part of the body, being the bile ducts one of the recurrent sites causing acute cholecystitis. AC is one of the main causes of admission to the Emergency service, it is an inflammation of the gallbladder whose timely diagnosis is of vital importance for the prevention of complications. signs and symptoms, the timely diagnosis is of vital importance for the prevention of complications. For this reason, determine the frequency of clinical, laboratory and ultrasound variables, their relationship with the comorbidities associated with the demographic characteristics of the patients and the level of severity of acute cholecystitis cause of A. lumbricoides of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 of the Hospital Emergency Service Alfredo Noboa Montenegro during the period June - December 2018, for the elaboration of a diagnostic scheme. The research methodology was quantitative cross-sectional descriptive. Among the main findings that were prevailed in the female gender in 69,41%, average age from 32 to 45 years, 10% of 170 patients presented in their ultrasound a parasitic form compatible with A. lumbricoides, clinical results that prevailed was presence of pain (67.34%), fever (68.65%), nausea (45.93%); in the laboratory findings the C Reactive Protein was increased in 94,18% of cases, in imaging the presence of pericolecist fluid is reflected in 78,82% and a thickening of the vesicular wall in 34,12%. The severity level recorded according to the criteria of the Tokyo 2018 guidelines was grade I 43,53%, grade II 48,24% and grade III 8,24%. The structuring of a timely diagnostic scheme for acute cholecystitis cause of A. lumbricoides is recommended(AU)

Ascariasis hepatobiliar en una lactante con desnutrición severa: reporte de caso / Hepatobiliary ascariasis in severely malnourished infant: case report

Resumen La Ascariasis es la geohelminitiasis más común del mundo, catalogándose como una enfermedad tropical desatendida, que puede causar compromiso pulmonar, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliar y nutricional. Se presenta el caso inusual de una lactante procedente de una zona de extrema pobreza quien consultó por fiebre, vómito, ausencia de deposiciones, distensión y dolor abdominal. Fue diagnosticada con pseudoobstrucción intestinal, desnutrición severa, choque séptico de origen intraabdominal, retraso del neurodesarrollo y deprivación psicoafectiva, cuyas imágenes reportaron ascariasis hepatobiliar y granulomas hepáticos calcificados y abscedados, con infestación severa por Ascaris lumbricoides. Recibió manejo antibiótico y antiparasitario con recuperación exitosa. En nuestro medio, las infecciones por helmintos son causa frecuente de anemia, retraso cognitivo y del crecimiento en niños en edad escolar. Sin embargo, la infestación y complicaciones hepatobiliares como colangitis, colecistitis, pancreatitis, litiasis biliar y hepatitis abscedada son inusuales en menores de dos años. A través de este caso se pretende resaltar la presentación atípica de la enfermedad en lactantes e incitar al fortalecimiento de las intervenciones en salud pública. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):67-72.

Abstract Ascariasis is the most common geohelminitiasis in the world. It is categorized as an unattended tropical disease, which can cause pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and nutritional compromise. We present the unusual case of an infant from an extreme poverty area presenting fever, vomiting, absence of bowel movements, bloating and abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with intestinal pseudoobstruction, severe malnutrition, abdominal septic shock, neurodevelopmental delay and emotional deprivation. The images reported hepatobiliary ascariasis and calcified and abscessed hepatic granulomas, with severe infestation by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. She was treated with antibiotics and antiparasitic agents with successful recovery. In our environment, helminth infections are a frequent cause of anemia, stunting and neurodevelopmental delay in school-age children. However, infestation and hepatobiliary complications such as cholangitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, biliary lithiasis and hepatic abscess are unusual in children under two years old. Through this case, it is intended to highlight the atypical presentation of this disease at the age of this patient and encourage the strengthening of public health interventions. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(1):67-72.

Ascariasis intestinal. Tres casos pediátricos con complicaciones severas en Cauca, Colombia / Intestinal ascariasis. Three pediatric cases with severe complications in Cauca, Colombia

Se presentan tres casos clínicos de niños atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San José de Popayán en Cauca, Colombia, quienes consultaron por una infección severa causada por Ascaris lumbricoides. La severidad de la infección tuvo como consecuencia en el primer caso una colangitis aguda, en el segundo caso una obstrucción intestinal con peritonitis generalizada, y en el tercer caso una perforación intestinal y choque séptico. El objetivo de mostrar estos casos es dar a conocer estas presentaciones clínicas poco frecuentes en el entorno médico. Además, se resalta la importancia del conocimiento sobre esta especie de parásito, que termina siendo un problema más de salud pública, no solo en nuestro país, sino en gran parte del mundo

We report three clinical cases of children treated at the San José University Hospital in Cauca, Colombia, who consulted with a severe infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. The severity of the infection resulted in acute cholangitis in the first case, in intestinal obstruction with generalized peritonitis in the second case, and in intestinal perforation and septic shock in the third case. The objective of this report is to inform the medical community about these unusual clinical presentations. In addition, the importance of this parasite is highlighted as a public health concern, not only in our country but also globally

Intestinal parasitosis and environmental contamination with helminths and protozoa in a Quilombola community of southeast Brazil / Parasitismo intestinal y contaminación ambiental con helmintos y protozoarios en una comunidad quilombola del sudeste de Brasil

Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis by helminths and protozoa is still today a global public health problem mainly affecting people living in conditions of social vulnerability, including rural communities. Objective: Describe human intestinal parasitosis and environmental contamination with helminths and protozoa in the Quilombola community of Quartel do Indaiá (of African descent) in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of stool and soil samples by spontaneous sedimentation, and of plant samples by centrifugation sedimentation, to detect intestinal helminths and protozoa. Water samples were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms. Results: Helminths and protozoa were found in 45.5 percent of the people (n = 66). The species detected were Ascaris lumbricoides (18.2 percent), Entamoeba coli (18.2 percent), Endolimax nana (18.2 percent), ancylostoma (6.1 percent, Iodamoeba butschlii (4.6 percent), Giardia duodenalis (3 percent) and Trichuris trichiura (1.5 percent). More than one species were present in 19.7 percent of the samples. In 18 of the 39 sites sampled, the soil was contaminated with E. coli, E. nana, A. lumbricoides, I. butschlii and/or Enterobius vermicularis. Vegetables (n = 135) were contaminated in 75 samples with 7 of the 8 species analyzed. The contaminants were E. coli cysts, A. lumbricoides eggs and ancylostoma. All water samples were contaminated with total and fecal coliforms. Conclusions: The Quilombola community of Quartel do Indaiá had high levels of human infection and high environmental contamination with intestinal parasites or protozoa, probably due to lack of appropriate sanitary conditions. It is necessary to improve the access to treated water and sanitation(AU)

Introducción: El parasitismo intestinal por helmintos y protozoarios todavía es un problema de salud pública mundial, que afecta sobre todo personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social, incluso las comunidades rurales. Objectivo: Describir la infección humana y la contaminación ambiental por parásitos/comensales intestinales en una comunidade 'quilombola' Quartel do Indaiá (descendentes de esclavos) del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal con análisis de muestras fecales y de tierra por sedimentación espontánea, y de vegetales por sedimentación con centrifugación para detección de parásitos o comensales intestinales. Se analizaron muestras de agua para detección de coliformes totales y fecales. Resultados: Se observó la ocurrencia de parásitos o comensales en 45.5 por ciento de las personas (n = 66). Las especies detectadas fueron Ascaris lumbricoides (18,2 por ciento), Entamoeba coli (18,2 por ciento), Endolimax nana (18,2 por ciento), anquilostomas (6.1 por ciento), Iodamoeba butschlii (4,6 por ciento), Giardia duodenalis (3 por ciento), and Trichuris trichiura (1,5 por ciento). Para 19,7 por ciento de las muestras se detectaron más de una especie. El suelo estuvo contaminado en 18 de los 39 sitios muestreados, con presencia de E. coli, E. nana, A. lumbricoides, I. butschlii y/o Enterobius vermicularis. Los vegetales (n = 135) presentaron contaminación en 75 muestras de 7, entre 8 especies analizadas. Sus contaminantes fueron quistos de E. coli y huevos de A. lumbricoides y anquilostoma. Todas las muestras de agua estaban contaminadas por coliformes totales y fecales. Conclusiones: La comunidad 'quilombola' Quartel do Indaiá presentó alta infección humana y alta contaminación ambiental por parásitos o comensales intestinales, lo que se debe probablemente a la falta de condiciones sanitarias. Se necesita mejorar el acceso para agua tratada y estructuras de saneamiento(AU)

Prevalence of enteroparasitosis in children in a city in the north of Paraná and the associated factors / Prevalência de enteroparasitoses em crianças de uma cidade do norte do Paraná e fatores associados

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enteroparasitosis and the factors involved in their transmission in children between the ages of 0 and 15 in the city of São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná. The study was carried out from July 2014 to June 2017. 362 samples were analyzed using the methods of Hoffman, Pons and Janer, Faust and collaborators, and Kato-Katz modified. Associations between the socioeconomic variables, as it relates to the habits and environment of the children, and enteroparasitosis were verified by logistic regression, considering a level of significance of 5%. We encountered a high prevalence of enteroparasites (36.5%), a high frequency of polyparasitism (43.9%) and a higher frequency of protozoa (34.5%) in relation to helminths (3.9%). The pathogenic parasites found were Giardia lamblia (8.0%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana (2.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (2.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.1%), hookworms (0.8%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.3%). Endolimax nana was the most frequent (19.3%); even though it is a commensal amoeba, its detection is concerning since the transmission mechanism (fecal-oral) is equal to pathogenic microorganisms. We observed an association between the presence of enteroparasitosis and age group, household income, education level of parents/guardians, living in rural area, consumption of untreated water, inadequate garbage disposal, contact with sand or dirt and presence of a household pet. Hygienic habits, sanitary, socioeconomic and socio-demographic conditions are directly related to infection by intestinal parasites and must be improved to avoid dissemination in the population (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de enteroparasitoses e os fatores envolvidos na transmissão de enteroparasitoses em crianças de 0 a 15 anos de idade do município de São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de julho de 2014 a junho 2017. Analisou-se 362 amostras pelos métodos de Hoffman, Pons e Janer e Faust e cols. As associações entre variáveis socioeconômicas, referentes aos hábitos das crianças e ao ambiente em que vivem e enteroparasitoses foram verificadas por meio de regressão logística, considerado nível de significância de 5%. Encontrou-se alta prevalência de parasitismo (36,5%), uma alta frequência de poliparasitismo (43,9%) e uma freqüência maior de protozoários (34,5%) em relação aos helmintos (3,9%). Os enteroparasitas patogênicos encontrados foram Giardia lamblia (8,0%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (3,6%), Hymenolepis nana (2,5%), Enterobius vermicularis (2,2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1,1%), ancilostomídeos (0,8%) e Trichuris trichiura (0,3%). Endolimax nana foi o mais frequentemente encontrado (19,3%). Mesmo sendo comensal, sua detecção é preocupante uma vez que o mecanismo de transmissão (fecal-oral) é igual dos microrganismos patogênicos. Observou-se associação entre a presença de enteroparasitoses e faixa etária, renda familiar, escolaridade dos responsáveis, morar em zona rural, consumo de água não tratada, destino inadequado do lixo, contato com areia ou terra e presença de um animal de estimação Hábitos de higiene, condições sanitárias, socioeconômicas e sociodemográficas estão diretamenterelacionados às infecções por parasitos intestinais e devem ser melhoradas para evitar disseminação na população(AU)