Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing microorganisms in nosocomial patients and molecular characterization of the shv type isolates

The emergence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms in Brazilian hospitals is a challenge that concerns scientists, clinicians and healthcare institutions due to the serious risk they pose to confined patients. The goal of this study was the detection of ESBL production by clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. isolated from pus, urine and blood of patients at Hospital Universitário Santa Maria, Rio Grande Sul, RS, Brazil and the genotyping of the isolates based on bla SHV genes. The ESBL study was carried out using the Combined Disc Method, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to study the bla SHV genes. Of the 90 tested isolates, 55 (61.1 percent) were identified as ESBL-producing by the combined disk method. The bla SHV genes were found in 67.8 percent of these microorganisms. K. pneumoniae predominated in the samples, presenting the highest frequency of positive results from the combined disk and PCR.

Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae on the posterior dorsum of the human tongue with the presence of tongue coating, gender, age, smoking habit and denture use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacteria were isolated from the posterior tongue dorsum of 100 individuals in MacConkey agar medium and were identified by the API 20E system (Biolab-Mérieux). RESULTS: 43 percent of the individuals, presented the target microorganisms on the tongue dorsum, with greater prevalence among individuals between 40 and 50 years of age (p = 0.001) and non-smokers (p=0.0485). CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae was observed on the tongue dorsum of the individuals evaluated. There was no correlation between these species and the presence and thickness of tongue coating, gender and presence of dentures.

Microflora subgingival en periodontitis crónica y agresiva en Bogotá, Colombia: un acercamiento epidemiológico / Subgingival microbiota in chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Bogotá, Colombia: an epidemiological approach

Introducción. Los microorganismos involucrados en la periodontitis varían en cada región dependiendo de diferentes factores. Por ello cada país debe establecer su propio perfil microbiológico con el objeto de proponer esquemas adecuados de prevención y tratamiento. Objetivo. Investigar la presencia y concentración subgingival de Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp , Dialister pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos en pacientes con periodontitis en una población colombiana considerando edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 183 pacientes: 84 con periodontitis crónica, 59 con periodontitis agresiva y 40 individuos sanos. De cada paciente se obtuvo un grupo de muestras de los seis sitios con mayor profundidad de bolsa que se procesaron por cultivo para el aislamiento e identificación de las bacterias. Resultados. En periodontitis crónica y agresiva se detectaron con alta y similar frecuencia P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens y con menor y similar frecuencia, M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos, principalmente de la tribu Klebsielleae. En los sujetos sanos se encontraron con frecuencia elevada P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus y Fusobacterium spp y con frecuencia moderada, M. micros y E. corrodens. Conclusión. Los resultados indican que P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens constituyen parte importante del perfil microbiológico de las periodontitis en la población colombiana. En la periodontitis agresiva, P. gingivalis se encontró más frecuentemente que A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Introduction. Periodontitis-associated microbiotas differ in regions around the world and vary with a variety of factors. This suggests that each country must establish its own dental microbiobiotic profile in order to formulate adequate prevention measures and more specific treatments. Objective. The prevalence and proportions of the following microorganisms were investigated: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp, Dialister pneumosintes and enteric rods. The patients selected had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis from clinical populations in Bogotá, Colombia. The variables of age, gender and socioeconomic level were included in the comparisons. Materials and methods. 183 patients were classified in two groups, chronic periodontitis (n=84) and aggressive periodontitis (n=59); 40 healthy subjects were selected for comparison. A pooled subgingival plaque sample was obtained from the 6 deepest periodontal pockets in every patient and processed by culture for the isolation and identification of bacteria. Results. In chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp and E. corrodens showed high and similar prevalence, whereas M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes and enteric rods (commonly from the tribe Klebsielleae) showed less and similar prevalence. In the healthy group, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus and Fusobacterium spp showed high frequency whereas M. micros and E. corrodens showed moderate frequency. Conclusions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp. and E. corrodens are important constituents of the microbiologic profile of the periodontitis in Colombian populations...

Calidad bacteriológica del agua de una clínica odontológica rural de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas / Bacteriological quality of water in a rural dental clinic of the School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Zacatecas

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la calidad bacteriológica del agua que se utiliza en una clínica odontológica rural de la Facultad de Odontología de la UAZ, para que en base a los resultados, proponer medidas adecuadas de asepsia para consultorios y clínicas odontológicas en similares condiciones higiénicas. El estudio se efectuó en trabajo de campo, toma, conservación y transporte de muestras y procesamiento bacteriológico. Durante el trabajo de campo se encontraron anomalías higiénicas diversas. Analizadas las muestras, se encontró en la mayoría un número de UFC/mL por encima de lo permitido; de manera semejante, se encontró el NMP de bacterias coliformes/100 mL, corroborando lo anterior en la mayoría de éstas con pruebas confirmativas a coliformes totales y fecales, lo cual indica contaminación fecal. Las especies bacterianas que se identificaron pertenecen principalmente a las familias Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococaceae y Pseudomonadaceae. Los resultados muestran que, conforme fluye el agua hasta su expulsión, ésta se van contaminando. Se concluye que mientras no se tomen medidas adecuadas de control de contaminación de estas fuentes, existirá riesgo de contraer infecciones microbianas

Identification and properties of two extracellular proteases from Brevundimonas diminuta

Extracellular proteases from Brevundimonas diminuta (syn. Pseudomonas diminuta) were studied in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) containing a copolymerized substrate. Two proteases were detected migrating at 67kDa and 50 kDa: both of them hydrolysed preferentially gelatin, but casein was also degraded and a slight hydrolysis was observed with hemoglobin. No detectable extracellular proteolytic activity was found in bovine serum albumin-containing gels. The optima temperature and pH for proteolytic activity were between 40ºC and 50ºC in a pH ranging from 7.0 to 11.0, respectively. These enzymes were isolated by analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Proteases assays with the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-MCA and inhibitors EGTA, EDTA and 1, 10 phenanthroline point out that these enzymes are metalloproteases.

Presença de enterobacteriaceae e pseudomonadaceae na cavidade bucal humana / Presence of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae in the oral cavity

As bactérias das famílias Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonadaceae têm sido consideradas agravantes de alguns tipos de doenças periodontais. A cavidade bucal humana pode servir como reservatório destes microrganismos, podendo comprometer indivíduos debilitados. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a presença destas bactérias na cavidade bucal de 100 indivíduos, em amostragem aleatória e heterogênea. Dos indivíduos estudados, 51 por cento apresentaram Enterobacteriaceae e/ou Pseudomonadaceae na cavidade bucal, demonstrando elevada prevalência. Procurou-se correlacionar a presença de Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonadaceae na cavidade bucal com índice CPOD, índice periodontal de Russel, idade, sexo, raça, presença de próteses e horário de coleta do material, para os quais näo foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes

Flora bacteriana heterotrófica em ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorae) e águas da Baía Norte, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Brasil / Heterotrophic bacteria in oysters and waters of North Bay, Santa Catarina, Brazil

A população bacteriana das águas da Baía Norte da Ilha de Santa Catarina foi estudada utilizando-se a ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae como biondicador. Foram realizadas avaliações quali-quantitativas de bactérias heterotróphicas originárias da água do mar e de ostras de três locais da Baía. Nas ostras, analisou-se a massa digestiva e o corpo inteiro do animal. Os resultados mostram altas concentrações de bactérias na água e nos bivalves. A maior acumulação de microrganismos foi detectada no trato digestivo das ostras. Enterobactérias predominam na água enquanto as Pseudomonadaceae são mais frequentes nos bivalves.

Glicose isomerase from Zymomonas mobilis.

A atividade de glucose isomerase foi detectada em celulas de Zymomonas mobilis Kluyver & Van Niel, crescidas em meio liquido. A enzima foi parcialmente purificada, por precipitacao com sulfato de amonio o pH otimo da atividade isomerasica foi de 7,5-8,0 e a temperatura de incubacao 90 graus C